WO2005109589A1 - 過電流検出回路及びこれを有する電源装置 - Google Patents
過電流検出回路及びこれを有する電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005109589A1 WO2005109589A1 PCT/JP2005/008164 JP2005008164W WO2005109589A1 WO 2005109589 A1 WO2005109589 A1 WO 2005109589A1 JP 2005008164 W JP2005008164 W JP 2005008164W WO 2005109589 A1 WO2005109589 A1 WO 2005109589A1
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- voltage
- overcurrent
- overcurrent detection
- output
- output voltage
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
- G05F1/565—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
- G05F1/569—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection
- G05F1/573—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection with overcurrent detector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/04—Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of dc component by short circuits in ac networks
- H02H1/043—Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of dc component by short circuits in ac networks to inrush currents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
- H03K17/0822—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an overcurrent detection circuit used for a power supply device or the like.
- the present invention relates to an overcurrent detection circuit used in a power supply device having a switching element that outputs a current to a load.
- the present invention relates to a power supply device having the overcurrent detection circuit.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an electrical configuration of a power supply device 100 including a conventional overcurrent detection circuit.
- the input voltage Va is supplied to the source electrode of a P-channel (P-type semiconductor) MOS transistor (insulated-gate field-effect transistor) 101, and its drain electrode is connected to the input of the power source of the diode 105 and the overcurrent detection circuit 104.
- a capacitor 107 and one end of a load 102 via an inductor 106.
- the anode of the diode 105, the other end of the capacitor 107, and the other end of the load 102 are grounded.
- the overcurrent detection circuit 104 compares the voltage of the drain electrode of the MOS transistor 101 with a reference voltage provided therein, so that the drain current of the MOS transistor 101 does not become an overcurrent. (The overcurrent detection value determined by the reference voltage is not exceeded), and the result is given to the control unit 103.
- the control unit 103 monitors the output voltage VL applied to the load 102, and controls the voltage of the gate electrode of the MOS transistor 101 so that the output voltage VL becomes constant. Further, the control unit 103 recognizes the overcurrent state of the MOS transistor 101 by receiving the output of the overcurrent detection circuit 104.
- the input voltage Va is also supplied to the control circuit 103 and the overcurrent detection circuit 104 as their respective power supply voltages.
- the first method is a method in which once overcurrent is detected, the cutoff state of the MOS transistor 101 is maintained thereafter. In order to release this interrupted state, supply of the input voltage Va is stopped once, and then It is necessary to input Va.
- the output voltage VL becomes OV when the overcurrent protection functions due to a relatively large current (rush current) flowing when the power supply device 100 is started. And the power supply 100 does not start (startup failure occurs). This startup failure is remarkable when the input capacity of the load 102 is large.
- the overcurrent detection value in the overcurrent detection circuit 104 is set to be larger than the maximum value of the inrush current in order to eliminate such a start-up failure, the load 102 may be detected due to a change or the like.
- the MOS transistor 101 is not shut off even if the current (the current is ultimately equal to the overcurrent detection value) continues to flow through the MOS transistor 101 when the value is close to the value. This causes damage (thermal damage) of the diode 105, the inductor 106, the load 102, etc., which is not achieved only by the MOS transistor 101, and lowers the reliability of the power supply device 100.
- the power MOS transistor 101, the diode 105, the inductor 106 (and, in some cases, the load 102), etc. have to have a large current rating, and the mounting area must be reduced. It leads to increase and cost increase.
- the second method is called a constant current drooping method, in which the drain current of the MOS transistor 101 is controlled so as not to exceed a fixed value (that is, an overcurrent detection value) regardless of the output voltage VL. It is a method to do.
- the second method for example, when the load 102 is short-circuited, the drain current of the MOS transistor 101 does not reach the overcurrent detection value (or below the overcurrent detection value) without maintaining the cutoff state of the MOS transistor 101. Will be maintained. If this second method is adopted, the start-up failure as seen in the first method does not occur.
- an operation mode is switched at a predetermined time, and a switching control unit inputs a power activation signal from a remote ON / OFF terminal. Then, the main switching section starts operating, the current of the main switching section is detected, and when an overcurrent occurs, the overcurrent protection circuit operates to control the switching control section.
- the timer setting time is within tl
- the “overcurrent protection set value at overload” is sent, and after the timer setting time tl has elapsed, the signal that switches to the rated output “steady overcurrent protection set value” is output by the overcurrent protection circuit.
- a power supply device having an overcurrent protection function characterized by providing a timer circuit for It is disclosed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H8-65879 (Japan)
- the overcurrent detection value in the second method is set to a force slightly larger than the maximum value of the inrush current at the time of starting the power supply, or to the same level.
- the power supply can be started quickly and powerfully without causing the start-up failure as seen in the above.
- this overcurrent detection value is excessively large for a steady state (a state in which the output voltage VL is stabilized at a constant target voltage), and the load 102 is short-circuited in the steady state.
- a drain current corresponding to an overcurrent detection value larger than necessary continues to flow through the MOS transistor 101, so that the reliability of the power supply device described above decreases, the mounting area increases, and the cost increases.
- the current required by the load is not constant, and a motor that draws a capacitive load or a surge-like large current that requires a large current (charging current) in a short time (for example, several milliseconds) even at a time other than during startup. Is generally connected as a load.
- a large current flows except at the time of startup, overcurrent protection functions, and the output voltage temporarily (eg, several msec) temporarily (for example, several msec) Or the output voltage becomes OV depending on the characteristics of the protection function.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an overcurrent detection circuit that can achieve optimal overcurrent protection according to the state of a power supply device or the like. Another object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device having the overcurrent detection circuit.
- an overcurrent detection circuit is an overcurrent detection circuit that detects an overcurrent state of a switching element that outputs a current to a load.
- a steady state signal is output, and when the power is less than the predetermined time, a startup monitoring unit that outputs a startup state signal, and a first overcurrent detection value
- An overcurrent detection unit that can set a two-stage overcurrent detection value of a second overcurrent detection value larger than the first overcurrent detection value and an overcurrent monitoring unit that monitors an overcurrent state of the switching element;
- An output voltage monitoring unit that detects a normal Z abnormality of the output voltage by comparing a voltage corresponding to an output voltage to a load with a predetermined voltage, and provides a detection result to the overcurrent monitoring unit; The monitoring unit detects that the output voltage is abnormal. And, when the steady state signal is being output, the first overcurrent detection value is set as the overcurrent detection
- a switching element or a component used for supplying a stable voltage to a load a component having a small current rating can be adopted, so that the mounting area is reduced and the cost is reduced. can do.
- the startup monitoring unit outputs a startup status signal.
- a second overcurrent detection value having a relatively large value is set as the output value. Therefore, if this second overcurrent detection value is set appropriately (for example, if it is slightly larger than or equal to the maximum value of the rush current at the time of power supply startup), the conventional first method described above can be used.
- the output voltage can reach the target voltage as quickly as possible without causing start-up failure as can be seen.
- the overcurrent detection value When the output voltage is normal (ie, when the output voltage has risen to a certain voltage or higher and no abnormality such as a short circuit has occurred in the load), the overcurrent detection value is relatively large.
- the second overcurrent detection value having an appropriate value is set. Therefore, even if the load is not a start-up, even if the load is a capacitive load that requires a large charging current in a short time (for example, several milliseconds) or a motor that draws a large surge-like current, the overcurrent protection operation functions.
- the output voltage does not temporarily reach the rating (for example, several milliseconds).
- the switching element and the like should not be damaged even if the load is short-circuited for a long time (for example, one minute). Is required. Then, for example, the first overcurrent detection value is set so as to satisfy the necessity. That is, even if a current corresponding to the first overcurrent detection value is passed through the switching element for a long time (for example, one minute), the switching element and the like are not damaged (heat damage).
- the first overcurrent detection is performed on the capacitive load or the like. Even if the second overcurrent detection value current exceeding the output value flows, the switching element etc. will not be damaged (thermal damage) if the current is short (for example, several msec or less). High reliability is maintained.
- the output voltage monitoring unit compares the magnitude of the voltage according to the output voltage with the magnitude of a predetermined detection voltage, and determines that the magnitude of the voltage according to the output voltage is When the detected voltage is larger than the detected voltage, the output voltage is detected to be normal, while when the voltage corresponding to the output voltage is smaller than the detected voltage, the output voltage is determined to be abnormal. Detection may be performed, and the detection result may be provided to the overcurrent monitoring unit. Further, for example, in the above-described configuration, the startup monitoring unit supplies power to the overcurrent detection circuit and outputs a voltage corresponding to a power-up time while outputting the voltage corresponding to the power-on time.
- a soft start circuit may be provided for controlling the switching element so that a rise is soft started, and the steady state signal or the start state signal may be output based on a voltage output from the soft start circuit. ,.
- a general power supply device includes a soft start circuit. Therefore, the above configuration simplifies the circuit, reduces the mounting area, and reduces the cost as compared with the configuration described in Patent Document 1 above, in which it is not necessary to separately provide a timer circuit or the like in configuring the activation monitoring unit. Down can be realized.
- the start-up monitoring unit is configured to control the steady-state signal or the start-up state signal based on a voltage generated by flowing a predetermined current to the capacitive element after the power is turned on. May be output.
- the above-mentioned "voltage generated by applying a predetermined current to the capacitive element after power is turned on" can be output by a soft start circuit or the like provided in a general power supply device. . Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a timer circuit or the like in configuring the start-up monitoring unit. Therefore, compared to the configuration described in Patent Document 1, the circuit can be simplified, the mounting area can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced. Can be.
- the first overcurrent detection value and the second overcurrent detection value are determined based on an input voltage to the switching element.
- a control unit that controls the switching element according to a signal related to an overcurrent state of the switching element output by the overcurrent monitoring unit may be further provided. Is also good.
- a power supply device includes the overcurrent detection circuit having the above configuration, the switching element, and a smoothing circuit that smoothes a voltage on an output side of the switching element and outputs the voltage to the load. ing.
- the power supply device includes the overcurrent detection circuit having the above configuration, the reliability of the power supply device is increased as described above.
- components having a low current rating can be used as components constituting the switching element and the smoothing circuit, the mounting area can be reduced and cost reduction can be achieved. Pin can be realized. The invention's effect
- the overcurrent detection circuit of the present invention optimal overcurrent protection can be realized according to the state of the power supply device and the like.
- the reliability of the power supply device and the like can be improved, and the mounting area of the power supply device and the like can be reduced and the cost can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an overcurrent detection circuit and a power supply device including the same according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing each voltage waveform and current waveform of the power supply device in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an overcurrent detection circuit and a power supply device having the same according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a power supply circuit including a conventional overcurrent detection circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a power supply device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 Description of Configuration
- the input voltage Vin supplied from the outside is supplied to the source electrode of the P-channel MOS transistor 2 as a switching element, and its drain electrode is connected to the inverting input terminal (1) of the comparator 7, the power source of the diode 22 and the Connected to one end.
- the other end of the inductor 23 is grounded via a parallel circuit of a capacitor 24 and a load 25 for smoothing the output voltage Vo applied to the load 25.
- the anode of the diode 22 is grounded.
- the current is output (power is supplied) from the drain electrode of the MOS transistor 2 to the load 25, and the diode 22, the inductor 23, and the capacitor 24 are connected to the output voltage (
- a smoothing circuit is configured to smooth the voltage of the drain electrode) and output it to the load 25.
- the output voltage Vo is grounded via a series circuit of the resistor 20 and the resistor 21.
- the connection point between the resistor 20 and the resistor 21 is connected to the inverting input terminal (1) of the error amplifier 5 and the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the comparator 9 for monitoring the output voltage Vo for normal Z abnormality.
- the voltage sources 15, 16 and 17 generate an error reference voltage Ver, an SS (soft start) detection voltage Vss and a detection voltage Vab, respectively.
- the voltage generated by each of the voltage sources 15, 16 and 17 is equal to the second non-inverting input terminal (+) of the error amplifier 5, the inverting input terminal (-) and the It is provided to the inverting input terminal (1) of the comparator 9 respectively. Also, the relationship of Ver> Vss holds.
- the second non-inverting input terminal (+) of the error amplifier 5 is connected via its own first non-inverting input terminal (+), the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the comparator 8 and Connected to one end of capacitor 19. The other end of the capacitor 19 is grounded.
- the output voltage of the error amplifier 5 and the triangular wave voltage output from the triangular wave generating circuit 6 are supplied to the inverting input terminal (1) and the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the PWM comparator 4, respectively.
- the PWM comparator 4 outputs to the gate driver 3 a control signal for the MOS transistor 2 subjected to pulse width modulation.
- the output ( ⁇ ) of the comparator 8 is supplied to one input terminal of the AND circuit 10, and the output of the comparator 9 is inverted by the inverter 14 and then supplied to the other input terminal of the AND circuit 10. I have.
- the output (j8) of the AND circuit is supplied to the switch circuit 13 as a control voltage for controlling the switch circuit.
- the input voltage Vin is applied to one end of each of the power sources 11 and 12 that output the voltage VI corresponding to the first overcurrent detection value and the voltage V2 corresponding to the second overcurrent detection value in the present invention.
- Each other end is connected to a first fixed terminal and a second fixed terminal of the switch circuit 13, respectively.
- the relationship of VI ⁇ V2 holds (that is, the second overcurrent detection value is larger than the first overcurrent detection value).
- the common terminal of the switch circuit 13 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the comparator 7, and the output of the comparator 7 is supplied to the gate driver 3 as a voltage indicating the overcurrent state of the MOS transistor 2. I have.
- the ⁇ overcurrent state '' means that the drain current of the MOS transistor 2 becomes equal to or more than a predetermined overcurrent detection value (the first overcurrent detection value or the second overcurrent detection value) and the output of the comparator 7 is output. Becomes a high potential (high).
- the output side of the gate driver 3 is connected to the gate electrode of the MOS transistor 2.
- the gate driver 3 controls ON / OFF of the MOS transistor 2 according to the control signal output from the PWM comparator 4 while referring to the voltage output from the comparator 7 (indicating an overcurrent state of the MOS transistor 2).
- a MOS transistor 2 a gate driver 3, a PWM comparator 4, an error amplifier 5, a triangular wave generation circuit 6, comparators 7, 8, 9 and an AND circuit 10, and voltage sources 11, 12 ,
- the switch circuit 13, the inverter 14, the voltage sources 15, 16, 17 and the resistor 18 are provided in the same package and constitute one integrated circuit element 28.
- the gate drivers 3 and the like included in the child 28 are all driven using the input voltage Vin as a power supply.
- the terminals SS, INV, and SW of the integrated circuit element 28 are connected to the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the comparator 8, the inverting input terminal (1) of the error amplifier 5, and the drain electrode of the MOS transistor, respectively. .
- FIG. 1 illustrates a state in which the common terminal of the switch circuit 13 is connected to the first fixed terminal (the voltage source 11 side).
- FIG. 1 Description of operation
- the error amplifier 5 has a condition that the voltage applied to the inverting input terminal (1) is lower than both the voltages applied to the first non-inverting input terminal (+) and the second non-inverting input terminal (+) (hereinafter referred to as “condition 1"), the output voltage is higher than when condition 1 is not satisfied.
- condition 1 the voltage applied to the inverting input terminal (1) is lower than both the voltages applied to the first non-inverting input terminal (+) and the second non-inverting input terminal (+)
- condition 1 the output voltage is higher than when condition 1 is not satisfied.
- the driver 3 and the like are configured so that the ratio of time during which the transistor 2 is turned on increases.
- the voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage Vo by the resistors 20 and 21 is compared with the error reference voltage Ver and the voltage applied to the terminal SS, and in a steady state (when the output voltage Vo is lower than the target voltage Vtar).
- the MOS transistor 2 In the (stabilized state), the MOS transistor 2 is controlled so that these three voltages become equal. That is, the target voltage Vtar at which the output voltage Vo should be stabilized is determined based on the error reference voltage Ver and the voltage division ratio of the resistors 21 and 22, and the error amplifier 5, the PWM comparator 4, the triangular wave generator 6
- the output voltage Vo is stabilized to the target voltage Vtar by the operation of the control unit 30 including the gate driver 3. That is, the control unit 30 controls the ON and OFF states of the MOS transistor 2 so that the output voltage Vo is maintained at the target voltage Vtar (so as to be stabilized).
- the overcurrent monitor 33 mainly includes a voltage source 11, a voltage source 12, a switch circuit 13, and a comparator 7, and monitors an overcurrent state of the MOS transistor 2. Further, as described above, the overcurrent monitoring unit 33 can set a two-stage overcurrent detection value of a first overcurrent detection value and a second overcurrent detection value that is larger than the first overcurrent detection value. ing.
- the output voltage monitoring section 34 mainly includes the comparator 9 and the voltage source 17.
- the output voltage monitoring unit 34 divides the output voltage Vo by the resistor 20 and the resistor 21 (Vo-R2 / (Rl + R2); o) is compared with the detection voltage Vab. If Vo-R2 / (Rl + R2)> Vab holds, the output voltage Vo is detected as normal, while Vo'R2Z (Rl + R2) When Vab holds, the output voltage Vo is detected as abnormal. In other words, the normal Z abnormality of the output voltage Vo is detected by comparing the output voltage Vo with the voltage (Vab '(R1 + R2) ZR2). Then, the detection result is given to the overcurrent monitoring unit 33 via the inverter 14 and the AND circuit 10.
- the power supply device 1 can be modified so that the output voltage Vo is negative, as a matter of course, the output voltage Vo is negative.
- the output voltage monitoring unit 34 determines the absolute value of the voltage division (Vo'R2 / (Rl + R2); voltage according to the output voltage Vo) by the output voltage Vo by the resistors 20 and 21. (Magnitude) is compared with the absolute value (magnitude) of the detection voltage Vab. If I Vo -R2 / (Rl + R2) I> I Vab I holds, the output voltage Vo is detected as normal On the other hand, when I Vo 'R2Z (Rl + R2)
- the inverter 14 can be regarded as a part of the output voltage monitoring unit 34, It can also be regarded as a part of the overcurrent monitoring unit 33. Further, the AND circuit 10 can be considered as a part of the overcurrent monitoring unit 33.
- the soft start circuit 32 mainly includes a voltage source 15, a resistor 18, and a capacitor 19.
- the soft start circuit 32 is configured to perform a soft start S when the power is turned on (when the input voltage Vin is turned on). This circuit controls the MOS transistor 2 (so that the output voltage Vo rises gradually). Without this soft-start circuit 32 (ie, with a resistance of 18 ohms SO ohms), a large inrush current flows to the load 25, etc. when the power is turned on, and the output voltage Vo rises sharply.
- the inrush current to the load 25 at power-on becomes relatively small (compared to the case without the soft start circuit 32), and the output voltage Vo rises more slowly than in the case of soft start circuit 32 (it gradually rises).
- ⁇ soft start of the rise of the output voltage Vo at power-on '' means that the output voltage Vo rises more slowly at power-on than when the soft-start circuit 32 is not provided.
- the rated value of the input current of the inductor 23, the capacitor 24, and the load 25 can be reduced.
- the presence of the soft start circuit 32 reduces the overshoot of the output voltage Vo due to the response delay of the error amplifier 5 and the like.
- the activation monitoring unit 31 mainly includes the soft start circuit 32, the comparator 8, and the power source 16.
- the overcurrent detection circuit 35 mainly includes a start monitoring unit 31, an overcurrent monitoring unit 33, and an output voltage monitoring unit 34, and detects an overcurrent state of the MOS transistor 2. Further, the control unit 30 may be considered to be included in the overcurrent detection circuit 35. The power supply for the overcurrent detection circuit 35 matches the input voltage Vin.
- the potential at the connection point with the terminal SS starts to rise after the power is supplied to the overcurrent detection circuit 35.
- the voltage applied to the terminal SS corresponds to the time since power-on, and the rate of increase of the voltage is determined by the error reference voltage Ver, the resistance value of the resistor 18, and the capacitance of the capacitor 19.
- the voltage applied to the terminal SS is generated by supplying a current determined by the error reference voltage Ver, the resistance value of the resistor 18 and the capacitance of the capacitor 19 to the capacitor 19, which is a capacitive element after the power is turned on. Taden Pressure.
- the comparator 8 outputs the result of comparing the voltage applied to the terminal SS with the SS detection voltage Vss. That is, the startup monitoring unit 31 outputs the high-potential (high) voltage (the “steady state signal” in the present invention) when the time exceeds the time determined by the power detection voltage Vss after the power is supplied to the overcurrent detection circuit 35. ) Is output from the comparator 8, and a voltage of a low potential (low) (corresponding to the “activation state signal” in the present invention) when the time is equal to or less than (is less than) the time determined by the detection voltage Vss. ) Is output from the comparator 8.
- the startup monitoring unit 31 outputs the high-potential (high) voltage (the “steady state signal” in the present invention) when the time exceeds the time determined by the power detection voltage Vss after the power is supplied to the overcurrent detection circuit 35. ) Is output from the comparator 8, and a voltage of a low potential (low) (corresponding to the “activation state signal”
- the voltage applied to the terminal SS is a voltage output from the soft start circuit 32. Therefore, the startup monitoring unit 31 detects the time from when the power is supplied to the overcurrent detection circuit 35 based on the voltage (the voltage applied to the terminal SS) output from the soft start circuit 32, and detects the time. It can be said that the "steady state signal” or the “startup state signal” is output in accordance with the set time.
- the error amplifier 5 controls the output voltage Vo when the power is turned on, based on the voltage output from the soft start circuit 32.
- a voltage (Vin ⁇ Ron ⁇ Id) obtained by subtracting the product of the resistance value Ron of the on-resistance of the MOS transistor 2 and the drain current Id from the input voltage Vin is applied to the inverting input terminal of the comparator 7.
- (Vin-V2) is applied to the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the comparator 7 when the output of the AND circuit 10 is high, and (Vin-VI) is applied when the output of the AND circuit 10 is low.
- the switch circuit 13 is configured to be applied.
- the overcurrent monitoring unit 33 sets the first overcurrent detection value (I) as the overcurrent detection value. That is, the overcurrent monitoring unit 33
- the voltage (Ron'Id) is compared with the voltage VI, and the comparison result is given to the gate driver 3.
- the comparator 7 gives a low signal to the gate driver 3 when Ron'Id and VI are satisfied. At this time, assuming that the MOS transistor 2 is not in an overcurrent state, normal control (control for maintaining the output voltage Vo at the target voltage Vtar) is performed.
- Ron'Id> Vl (or Ron'Id ⁇ Vl) holds (when overcurrent occurs, )
- the comparator 7 supplies a high signal to the gate driver 3.
- the gate driver 3 shuts off the MOS transistor 2 assuming that the overcurrent detection circuit 35 has detected an overcurrent state.
- Ron'Id> Vl (or Ron'Id ⁇ Vl) does not hold, but the MOS transistor 2 is turned on again by the function of the control unit 30.
- Ron ⁇ Id> VI (sometimes! / Is Ron ⁇ Id ⁇ VI) is satisfied again, the MOS transistor 2 is turned off again.
- control unit 30 including the gate driver 3 controls the MOS transistor 2 so that the drain current Id of the MOS transistor 2 becomes equal to or less than the current value (VlZRon) determined by the overcurrent detection value.
- This control method is a constant-current droop method because the drain current is controlled to a fixed value or less regardless of the output voltage Vo.
- the overcurrent monitoring unit 33 sets the second overcurrent detection value (I) as the overcurrent detection value. I do. In other words, overcurrent monitoring
- the viewing unit 33 compares the voltage (Ron'Id) with the voltage V2 and gives the comparison result to the gate driver 3.
- the second overcurrent detection value here is I
- the comparator 7 gives a low signal to the gate driver 3 when Ron'Id ⁇ V2 holds, and conversely, when Ron'Id> V2 (or Ron'Id ⁇ V2) holds Apply a high signal to the gate driver 3 during the overcurrent condition.
- the operation of the control unit 30 including the gate driver 3 according to the output of the comparator 7 is the same as when the output of the AND circuit 10 is high.
- a detection MOS transistor (not shown) having, for example, a resistance value of 100 times the on-resistance of the on-resistance value Ron of the MOS transistor 2 is connected to the drain of the I ⁇ 1Z100.
- Ron'I 100Ron-I ⁇ 1 ⁇ 100
- This voltage Ron'I is converted to its own output voltage VI and iml Liml Limi
- the MOS transistor 2 is formed as a single MOS transistor by connecting the drain, source, and gate of 100 unit cell transistors in parallel, and If the output MOS transistor (not shown) is formed from a single unit cell transistor, the ON resistance of the detection MOS transistor is about 100'Ron.
- the unit cell transistors constituting the MOS transistor 2 and the unit cell transistors constituting the detection MOS transistor (not shown) are all formed on the same semiconductor substrate by using the same manufacturing process.
- the voltage source 12 has the same configuration as the voltage source 11.
- FIG. 2 Explanation Using Waveform
- FIG. 2 [Koo !, solid lines 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, respectively, the voltage waveform of the human input voltage Vin, the voltage waveform applied to the terminal SS, and the output of the comparator 8; 1), the drain current (Id) waveform of the MOS transistor 2, the overcurrent detection value, the waveform of the output voltage Vo, and the voltage waveform of the output of the AND circuit 10 (j8; see FIG. 1).
- the input voltage Vin is applied.
- charging of the capacitor 19 is started, and the voltage applied to the terminal SS starts to increase.
- the output voltage Vo is 0 V, so the control unit 30 controls the MOS transistor 2 to increase the output voltage Vo to the target voltage Vtar.
- the drain current Id flows by the control of the MOS transistor 2, but the drain current Id increases relatively slowly by the function of the soft start circuit 32, and the output voltage Vo rises relatively slowly (period between timings T1 to T3). See).
- the soft start circuit 32 the voltage applied to the terminal SS rises substantially in synchronization with the output voltage Vo.
- the overcurrent detection value is the second overcurrent detection value (V2ZRon).
- each component of the power supply device 1 is configured such that the output voltage Vo exceeds the normal / abnormal threshold value Vab (Rl + R2) ZR2 with a margin. Therefore, the output (
- the MOS transistor 2 is cut off via the gate driver 3, so that the drain current Id does not exceed the second overcurrent detection value .
- This second overcurrent detection value is usually calculated from the maximum value of the rush current when the power supply 1 is started (when the output voltage Vo first moves from OV to the target voltage Vtar after the input voltage Vin is applied). Set to be slightly larger or comparable. With this setting, the output voltage Vo quickly reaches the target voltage Vtar.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the overcurrent protection operation so that the maximum value of the inrush current reaches the second overcurrent detection value.
- the period during which the rush current flows through the load 25 is short (for example, several tens ⁇ sec to several msec or less), so the second overcurrent having a relatively large overcurrent detection value Even if the current detection value is set, the amount of heat generated by the MOS transistor 2, the diode 22, the inductor 23, and the like is small (at the same time, the amount of heat generated by the integrated circuit element 28 is small). Therefore, these components are not damaged (thermal damage), and the high reliability of the power supply device 1 is maintained.
- the output voltage Vo reaches the target voltage Vtar.
- the output voltage Vo is in a steady state in which the output voltage Vo is stabilized at the target voltage Vtar, and an inrush current flows at the time of startup, so that the drain current Id is a relatively small value. It has become.
- the maximum value of the drain current Id is suppressed to the first overcurrent detection value smaller than the second overcurrent detection value, even though the output voltage Vo is 0V (at timings T5 to T5). ⁇ See section 6). Even if the period of the timing # 5 to # 6 is long (for example, one minute), a value that does not damage the MOS transistor 2, the diode 22, the inductor 23, and the like is set as the first overcurrent detection value. Therefore, the reliability of the power supply device 1 is extremely high.
- the reliability of the power supply device 1 is maintained by appropriately setting the first overcurrent detection value.
- components having a smaller current rating can be used for the components such as the MOS transistor 2, the diode 22, and the inductor 23, it is possible to reduce the mounting area and the cost.
- the control unit 30 increases the drain current Id to a value larger than the first overcurrent detection value, and tries to match the output voltage Vo to the target voltage Vtar (period of timing T8 to T9).
- the overcurrent protection function since the second overcurrent detection value is set as the overcurrent detection value, the overcurrent protection function does not operate, and the output voltage Vo quickly recovers to the target voltage Vtar.
- the overcurrent protection operation does not function due to such a variation, and the output voltage Vo always becomes the target voltage Vtar (Strictly speaking, the target voltage Vtar quickly recovers).
- FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram of a power supply device 51 according to the second embodiment.
- the same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- power supply device 51 Only the differences between power supply device 51 and power supply device 1 will be described.
- an integrated circuit element 58 is provided instead of the integrated circuit element 28, and the integrated circuit element 58 is not provided with a switching element corresponding to the MOS transistor 2.
- a switching element corresponding to the MOS transistor 2 As a switching element corresponding to the MOS transistor 2, a P-channel MOS transistor 52 is provided outside the integrated circuit element 58.
- the output of the gate driver 3 is given to the gate electrode of the MOS transistor 52, and the gate driver 3 performs on-off control of the MOS transistor 52.
- the input voltage Vin is applied to the source electrode of the MOS transistor 52 via the resistor 53 having a resistance value of R3, and the drain electrode of the MOS transistor 52 is connected to the power source of the diode 22 and one end of the inductor 23. ing.
- the connection point between the resistor 53 and the source electrode of the MOS transistor 52 is connected to the inverting input terminal (1) of the comparator 7.
- a soft start circuit 36 is provided instead of soft start circuit 32 in power supply device 1.
- the soft start circuit 36 mainly includes a constant current source 60, a resistor 61, and a capacitor 19.
- the voltage Vin is applied to one end of the constant current source 60, and the other end of the constant current source 60 is connected to the first non-inverting input terminal (+) of the error amplifier 5 via the resistor 61 and the non-inverting terminal of the comparator 8 .
- the terminal SS is grounded via the capacitor 19 as in the power supply device 1.
- the resistor 18 provided in the power supply 1 does not exist in the power supply 51.
- the constant current output from the constant current source 60 charges the capacitor 19 when the power is turned on. It is.
- the soft start circuit 36 has the same function as the soft start circuit 32 in the power supply device 1 so that the rising of the output voltage Vo at the time of turning on the power (when the input voltage Vin is turned on) is soft-started ( This is a circuit for controlling the MOS transistor 52 so that the output voltage Vo gradually rises.
- the activation monitoring unit 37 mainly includes the soft start circuit 36, the comparator 8, and the power source 16 and performs the same operation as the activation monitoring unit 39 in the power supply device 1.
- the overcurrent detection circuit 38 mainly includes a start monitoring unit 37, an overcurrent monitoring unit 33, and an output voltage monitoring unit 34, and detects an overcurrent state of the MOS transistor 52. Further, the control unit 30 may be considered to be included in the overcurrent detection circuit 38.
- the power supply for the overcurrent detection circuit 38 matches the input voltage Vin.
- the overcurrent detection can be accurately performed regardless of the resistance value of the ON resistance of the MOS transistor 52 (because the product of the resistance value R3 and the drain current Id can be obtained). Based on overcurrent detection). Therefore, a junction field effect transistor-bipolar transistor can be used as a switching element instead of the MOS transistor.
- both or one of voltage source 11 and voltage source 12 may be provided outside integrated circuit element 58 so that the overcurrent detection value can be set freely according to the intended use.
- the output voltage Vo that causes the voltage at the connection point between the resistors 20 and 21 to be applied to the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the comparator 9 remains unchanged.
- the circuit configurations in FIGS. 1 and 3 may be modified so as to add to the inverting input terminal (+).
- the soft start circuit 32 of the power supply device 1 and the soft start circuit 36 of the power supply device 51 can be replaced with each other.
- the present invention is not limited to the power supply device 1 (see FIG. 1) and the power supply device 51 (FIG. 3), and is applicable to a power supply device having various switching regulators, such as a DC-DC converter. Is possible
- the present invention is also applicable to a power supply device provided with a series regulator (dropper-type regulator) such as a three-terminal regulator.
- a series regulator dropper-type regulator
- the present invention is suitable for a power supply device or a high-side switch that requires an overcurrent protection function.
- a power supply device for a vehicle which often requires high reliability, or a device having a negative capacitance. It is suitable for a power supply device that outputs a current to a load.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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US11/568,493 US7468877B2 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2005-04-28 | Overcurrent detection circuit and power supply apparatus provided therewith |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004-137072 | 2004-05-06 | ||
JP2004137072A JP2005323413A (ja) | 2004-05-06 | 2004-05-06 | 過電流検出回路及びこれを有する電源装置 |
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WO2005109589A1 true WO2005109589A1 (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
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PCT/JP2005/008164 WO2005109589A1 (ja) | 2004-05-06 | 2005-04-28 | 過電流検出回路及びこれを有する電源装置 |
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US (1) | US7468877B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2005323413A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100871947B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100502189C (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200538902A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005109589A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200538902A (en) | 2005-12-01 |
KR100871947B1 (ko) | 2008-12-08 |
US20070223164A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
CN100502189C (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
US7468877B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
KR20070007178A (ko) | 2007-01-12 |
CN1950981A (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
JP2005323413A (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
TWI366084B (ja) | 2012-06-11 |
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