WO2005085427A1 - ラット胚性幹細胞 - Google Patents
ラット胚性幹細胞 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005085427A1 WO2005085427A1 PCT/JP2005/003841 JP2005003841W WO2005085427A1 WO 2005085427 A1 WO2005085427 A1 WO 2005085427A1 JP 2005003841 W JP2005003841 W JP 2005003841W WO 2005085427 A1 WO2005085427 A1 WO 2005085427A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rat
- cells
- embryonic stem
- cell
- culture
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000001671 embryonic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 686
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 206010043276 Teratoma Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 101150033839 4 gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 101150012532 NANOG gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 claims description 481
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 70
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 210000002459 blastocyst Anatomy 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- 210000002242 embryoid body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 102000004058 Leukemia inhibitory factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 22
- 108090000581 Leukemia inhibitory factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 22
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 claims description 20
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011824 transgenic rat model Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930002330 retinoic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N retinoic acid group Chemical group C\C(=C/C(=O)O)\C=C\C=C(\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)/C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 abstract description 6
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002759 chromosomal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 101150086694 SLC22A3 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 80
- 101000942968 Rattus norvegicus Leukemia inhibitory factor Proteins 0.000 description 48
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 35
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 31
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 30
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 23
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 22
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 22
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 12
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000003757 reverse transcription PCR Methods 0.000 description 11
- 210000004340 zona pellucida Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N Mytomycin Chemical compound C1N2C(C(C(C)=C(N)C3=O)=O)=C3[C@@H](COC(N)=O)[C@@]2(OC)[C@@H]2[C@H]1N2 NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Haematoxylin Chemical compound C12=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2CC2(O)C1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1OC2 WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002771 cell marker Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000001900 endoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000003716 mesoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 7
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 210000003981 ectoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 101710193519 Glial fibrillary acidic protein Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 210000004413 cardiac myocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000005046 glial fibrillary acidic protein Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229940076788 pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011706 wistar kyoto rat Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 108010048367 enhanced green fluorescent protein Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 210000001654 germ layer Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000012744 immunostaining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229960004857 mitomycin Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N Guanosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930182816 L-glutamine Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 101000942966 Mus musculus Leukemia inhibitory factor Proteins 0.000 description 4
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 4
- 101710150336 Protein Rex Proteins 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N Thymidine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101710136122 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000057288 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N adenosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N eosin Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C21 YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012894 fetal calf serum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000472 morula Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007879 vasectomy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 101800001288 Atrial natriuretic factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101800001890 Atrial natriuretic peptide Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102400001282 Atrial natriuretic peptide Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101150066002 GFP gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000053171 Glial Fibrillary Acidic Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102100039289 Glial fibrillary acidic protein Human genes 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100355655 Mus musculus Eras gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010240 RT-PCR analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100021869 Tyrosine aminotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- NSQLIUXCMFBZME-MPVJKSABSA-N carperitide Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 NSQLIUXCMFBZME-MPVJKSABSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- KAKKHKRHCKCAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C=C1 KAKKHKRHCKCAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000010195 expression analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004165 myocardium Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012679 serum free medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LAQPKDLYOBZWBT-NYLDSJSYSA-N (2s,4s,5r,6r)-5-acetamido-2-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r)-5-acetamido-1,2-dihydroxy-6-oxo-4-{[(2s,3s,4r,5s,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}hexan-3-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-[(1r,2r)-1,2,3-trihydrox Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@@H](NC(C)=O)C=O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@]2(O[C@H]([C@H](NC(C)=O)[C@@H](O)C2)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LAQPKDLYOBZWBT-NYLDSJSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dihydropyridine Chemical compound C1C=CNC=C1 YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-beta-D-Xylofuranosyl-NH-Cytosine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DWRXFEITVBNRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beta-D-1-Arabinofuranosylthymine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 DWRXFEITVBNRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002126 C01EB10 - Adenosine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000003922 Calcium Channels Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000312 Calcium Channels Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MIKUYHXYGGJMLM-GIMIYPNGSA-N Crotonoside Natural products C1=NC2=C(N)NC(=O)N=C2N1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O MIKUYHXYGGJMLM-GIMIYPNGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-PSQAKQOGSA-N Cytidine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-PSQAKQOGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-guanosine Natural products C1=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N=CN1C1OC(CO)C(O)C1O NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101150004153 Eras gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000008730 Nestin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010088225 Nestin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 108091030071 RNAI Proteins 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960005305 adenosine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-L-thymidine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1OC(CO)C(O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium lactate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-ZAKLUEHWSA-N cytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-ZAKLUEHWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005542 ethidium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009368 gene silencing by RNA Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010363 gene targeting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000762 glandular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940029575 guanosine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006801 homologous recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002744 homologous recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000520 microinjection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000005055 nestin Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003061 neural cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000001541 thymus gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003556 vascular endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 102000040650 (ribonucleotides)n+m Human genes 0.000 description 1
- VUDQSRFCCHQIIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)C1=C(O)C(Cl)=C(OC)C(Cl)=C1O VUDQSRFCCHQIIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEEMDRWIKYCTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxybenzenecarbothioamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(N)=S WEEMDRWIKYCTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010010356 Congenital anomaly Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100036912 Desmin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010044052 Desmin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000016680 Dioxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010028143 Dioxygenases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YQYJSBFKSSDGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epihygromycin Natural products OC1C(O)C(C(=O)C)OC1OC(C(=C1)O)=CC=C1C=C(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)C(O)C2OCOC2C1O YQYJSBFKSSDGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000693916 Gallus gallus Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007995 HEPES buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000942967 Homo sapiens Leukemia inhibitory factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010003272 Hyaluronate lyase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001974 Hyaluronidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150062179 II gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102100032352 Leukemia inhibitory factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060001084 Luciferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005089 Luciferase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282553 Macaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000199995 Microdon <dipteran fly> Species 0.000 description 1
- 101001094698 Mus musculus POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000234295 Musa Species 0.000 description 1
- -1 Nanog Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091005461 Nucleic proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710160107 Outer membrane protein A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000045595 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700019535 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000012288 Phosphopyruvate Hydratase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022181 Phosphopyruvate Hydratase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010059712 Pronase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940124158 Protease/peptidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102100034026 RNA-binding protein Musashi homolog 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710129077 RNA-binding protein Musashi homolog 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013674 S-100 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700021018 S100 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007591 Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010032050 Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100034392 Trypsin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710119666 Trypsin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016540 Tyrosine aminotransferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010042606 Tyrosine transaminase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000219995 Wisteria Species 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000735 allogeneic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004703 blastocyst inner cell mass Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001772 blood platelet Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011685 brown norway rat Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002458 cell surface marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002659 cell therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009421 cellmass formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013611 chromosomal DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005045 desmin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007876 drug discovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002900 effect on cell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003989 endothelium vascular Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003239 environmental mutagen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008995 epigenetic change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003238 esophagus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012757 fluorescence staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013632 homeostatic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002773 hyaluronidase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011813 knockout mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150066555 lacZ gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001515942 marmosets Species 0.000 description 1
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007102 metabolic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182905 microdon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 201000010225 mixed cell type cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000029638 mixed neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005088 multinucleated cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000663 muscle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002241 neurite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003101 oviduct Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940056360 penicillin g Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001778 pluripotent stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008430 psychophysiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002385 streptomycin sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- FRGKKTITADJNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyloxyethane Chemical compound CCOS FRGKKTITADJNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000378 teratogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003390 teratogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N triamcinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 210000002993 trophoblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005740 tumor formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/02—Preparation of hybrid cells by fusion of two or more cells, e.g. protoplast fusion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
- C12N15/873—Techniques for producing new embryos, e.g. nuclear transfer, manipulation of totipotent cells or production of chimeric embryos
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0603—Embryonic cells ; Embryoid bodies
- C12N5/0606—Pluripotent embryonic cells, e.g. embryonic stem cells [ES]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
- G01N33/5073—Stem cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
- A01K2227/105—Murine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
- A01K2267/0393—Animal model comprising a reporter system for screening tests
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/20—Cytokines; Chemokines
- C12N2501/23—Interleukins [IL]
- C12N2501/235—Leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to rat embryonic stem cells (hereinafter, ES cells). More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing rat ES cells, a method for producing rat ES cells, a method for subculturing rat ES cells, a method for screening a differentiation-inducing substance using rat ES cells, and a method for producing a genetically modified rat.
- the present invention relates to the use of the above-mentioned rat ES cells in production. Background art
- ES cells are cell lines established from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and are cells that can self-renew in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF).
- LIF leukemia inhibitory factor
- ES cells can be converted into all kinds of cells (neural cells, muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, bone, cartilage, kidney, intestine, liver, knee, lung, etc.) Can be differentiated.
- the genome project has deciphered the genomes of many animal species and has accumulated information on homology with humans. Based on this information, it is possible to break down a specific gene at the ES cell stage, and to know the role (function) that that gene plays in cell differentiation, individual growth, and maintenance of homeostasis.
- a chimeric animal can be produced by injecting ES cells in which a specific gene has been disrupted into blastocysts of a normal host, mixing the cells with cells of a host embryo, and returning the cells to the uterus. By doing so, an animal in which a specific gene has been broken (knockout animal) can be produced.
- the effects of compounds on ES cells can be evaluated for their effects on genes in various cells (organs).
- the use of normal cells obtained by differentiating ES cells enables cell therapy and regenerative medicine. As described above, ES cells can be widely applied to research in physiology, pharmacology and regenerative medicine.
- mice In experimental animals, mice (Evans MJ et al., Nature 1981, 292: 154-156) and macaques (Thomson JA et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92: 7844-7848), marmosets (Thomson JA, et al., Cur. Top. Dev. Biol. 1998, 38: 133-165) and force-quizanore (Suemori H, et al., Methods Enzymo). 1. 2003, 365: 419-429) Only ES cells were established, and rat ES cells have not yet been established.
- Rats are mammals with an experimentally appropriate size of about 10 times that of mice, and can be used for (1) easy drug administration to small blood vessels, (2) surgical and transplantation experiments, and (3) tissue Can be collected in large quantities.
- Many human disease model rats have been developed and discovered so far, and rats are one of the most useful laboratory animals widely used in various fields including medicine. Rats have been used for functional research as a model for cancer, the cerebral nervous system, transplantation, and human multifactorial disease since the last 100 years, and have accumulated a huge amount of research resources related to function. In particular, analysis of brain maps is progressing, and there is a wealth of information on behavioral studies in psychophysiology.
- rat ES cells that are indispensable for producing genetically modified rats.
- Iannaccone PM et al., Developmental Biology 1994, 163: 288-292 and the corresponding patent application W095 / 06716, describe that ES cells were established from rat PVG strain and that chimeric rats were produced. Has been described.
- Brenin D., et al., Developmental Biology 1997, 185: 124-125 stated that the chimeric rat prepared in the aforementioned Developmental Biology 1994, 163: 288-292 was produced by contamination with mouse ES cells. Has been done.
- An object of the present invention is to provide rat ES cells that could not be obtained conventionally. Methods for establishing and manufacturing rat ES cells, methods for subculturing rat ES cells, methods for screening for differentiation-inducing substances using rat ES cells, and use of the rat ES cells in the preparation of genetically modified rats Is to provide.
- the present inventors have attempted to establish rat ES cells from blastocysts derived from rats of various strains, and as a result, by establishing culture conditions and passage conditions completely different from those of mouse ES cells, The ES cell line was successfully established. To be more specific, we use a culture medium that does not substantially contain serum, stabilize the internal cell mass, and try to establish a physical method in the passage of ES cells. It has also succeeded for the first time in establishing and supplying rat ES cells that satisfy all the conditions for ES cells.
- the present invention has been completed based on such findings.
- the present invention is as follows:
- a rat embryonic stem cell having the following properties (to G):
- the embryonic stem cell according to (3), wherein the culture solution contains a serum replacement reagent (5) The step (A) includes a step of physically dissociating the inner cell mass, (3) or
- step (C) includes a step of physically dissociating the embryonic stem cell.
- step (A) includes a step of physically dissociating the inner cell mass.
- step (C) includes a step of physically dissociating the embryonic stem cells.
- the culture solution for embryonic stem cells other than mice which comprises a serum replacement reagent and rLIF, (29) the culture solution according to (28), wherein the embryonic stem cells other than mice are rat embryonic stem cells.
- Non-mouse embryonic stem cell culture kit containing serum replacement reagent and rLIF as components
- a method for inducing differentiation of rat embryonic stem cells comprising stimulating a rat embryonic stem cell according to any one of (1) to (11) with a differentiation inducer;
- the differentiation inducer is retinoic acid, a growth factor, dalcocorticoid or a cell.
- a method for screening a tissue or cell differentiation inducer comprising the following steps (i) to (iii):
- test substance is a substance related to differentiation induction based on the evaluation result of (ii) above,
- test substance is a substance that acts on differentiation induction based on the evaluation result of the above (II),
- the genetically modified rat is any one of a chimeric rat, a knockout rat, a knockin rat, a transgenic rat and a knockdown rat.
- a step of introducing an egg for transplantation into a pseudopregnant female rat to produce a pup rat (44) a genetically modified rat produced by the production method according to the above (43), (45) The rat according to the above (44), wherein the genetically modified rat is any one of a chimeric rat, a knockout rat, a knockin rat, a transgenic rat, and a knockdown rat.
- the primary embryonic stem cells that can be subcultured are dissociated while retaining cell clumps
- Rat embryonic stem cells which have the properties of
- Figure 1 is a photograph of rat blastocysts (late stage) used to establish rat ES cells.
- Figure 2 is a photograph of mitomycin C-treated normal mouse fetal fibroblasts (one feeder cell) used to establish rat ES cells.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of an investigation on the necessity of adding rat LIF after the establishment of rat ES cells.
- the figure shows the results of examining the positive rate of allelic phosphatase activity when the cells were passaged three times from the same culture dish with the culture medium supplemented with rLIF at each concentration at the fifth passage at the start.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the results of examining the presence or absence of serum in the culture solution.
- A Photo of formation of rat-derived inner cell mass using 20% serum replacement reagent (KSR)
- B Photo of formation of rat-derived inner cell mass using 20% fetal calf serum
- C 20 Form of rat-derived inner cell mass prepared using the% Serum Replacement Reagent (KSR) when cultured using feeder cells and rat ES cell culture medium supplemented with 20% Serum Replacement Reagent (KSR) Photo
- KSR % Serum Replacement Reagent
- KSR Serum Replacement Reagent
- Photo When rat-derived inner cell mass prepared using 20% fetal calf serum is cultured using a feeder cell and a culture solution for rat ES cells supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum. This is a photograph of the form.
- Fig. 5 shows the case where rat ES cells were subcultured in a state of 5 to 20 cell clumps (a)) and the case where they were completely transformed into single cells with trypsin / EDTA solution (b).
- 4 is a photograph showing the result of comparing with. The spontaneous differentiation occurs by being made into a single cell.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an outline of a rat ES cell establishment method.
- Fig. 7 is a photograph showing the culture of rat blastocysts from which the zona pellucida has been removed using a feeder cell and a culture solution for rat ES cell establishment to form an inner cell mass. Arrows indicate the formed inner cell mass.
- FIG. 8 is a photograph of the primary rat ES cells that emerged after the rat-derived inner cell mass was cultured using a culture solution for rat ES cells and a feeder cell.
- FIG. 9 is a photograph of a rat ES cell in a state in which passage is possible, on the 7th day after the appearance of the ES cell opening.
- FIG. 10 is a photograph showing a cell group of rat ES cells (established rat ES cells) that can be stably grown and subcultured using a culture solution for rat ES cells and a feeder cell.
- the arrow in the figure indicates the rat ES cell mass.
- FIG. 11 is a photograph showing the morphology of the established rat ES cells. a) is a 100 ⁇ photograph, b) is a 200 ⁇ photograph, and c) is a 400 ⁇ photograph.
- FIG. 12 is a photograph of RT-PCR showing that the established rat ES cells express the undifferentiated marker gene.
- gene expression of ⁇ -actin was also analyzed.
- FIG. 13 is a photograph showing the activity of lipophilic phosphatase, which is one of the representative indices for proving that the established rat ES cells have undifferentiated ability.
- FIG. 14 is a photograph showing the result of analyzing the ability of the established rat ES cells to form embryoid bodies. On about the 20th day, a large number of embryoid bodies that beat (arrows) like a myocardium were observed.
- Fig. 15 shows four types of indicator marker antibodies indicating that the established cells are ES cells (( ⁇ ): SSEA-1, ( ⁇ ): SSEA-4, (C): TRA- 60, (D) : Photo showing the results of immunostaining using TRA-1-81).
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of passages of established rat ES cells and the ability to maintain undifferentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity). The test was started at the 5th passage, and thereafter, every 5th passage was stained with Al lipophosphatase activity. The vertical axis indicates the percentage of the value obtained by dividing the number of positive ES cells by the total number of ES cells, and the horizontal axis indicates the number of passages.
- FIG. 18 is a photograph showing that established rat ES cells have pluripotency in an in vitro system. Seven days after the start of embryoid body formation, the embryoid bodies were transferred to a gelatin-coated culture dish, and spontaneous induction was performed.
- A a photograph of rat ES cell-derived neuron-like cells
- B a photograph in which the area surrounded by a square in FIG. (A) is enlarged
- C a photograph of rat ES cell-derived fat-like cells
- FIG. 19 is a photograph showing the result of examining the effect of adding serum LIF to established rat ES cells.
- "Rat LIF + 20% FBS” is the result of culturing under the conditions of rat LIF (rLIF) and 20 % serum
- "Serum-free” is the condition without LIF and serum-free (containing 20% KSR).
- the results of culturing under the conditions below are shown in the figure.
- “Mouse LIF + serum free” is the result of culturing under mouse LIF (mLIF) -containing and serum-free (containing 20% KSR) conditions. The results of culturing under serum-free (containing 20% KSR) conditions are shown below.
- FIG. 20 is a photograph showing the results of establishing ES cells from each rat (WKY, WHG and BN).
- Upper panel a photograph of the inner cell mass formed from the blastocysts of each rat. In the figure, the arrow indicates the formed inner cell mass.
- Bottom Photo of ES cells established at the 5th generation.
- WKY rES indicates ES cells established from WKY rats
- WHGrES indicates ES cells established from WHG rats
- BNrES indicates ES cells established from BN rats.
- FIG. 21 is a photograph of RT-PCR showing that established rat ES cells (WKY rat ES cells) express the ES cell marker gene.
- Lane 1 undifferentiated rat ES cells
- lane 2 mouse fibroblasts
- lane 3 no type III DNA added (control).
- RA was extracted from each, and RT-PCR was performed.
- FIG. 22 is a photograph of RT-PCR showing that embryoid bodies formed from established rat ES cells (WHG rat ES cells) are differentiated into cells of three germ layers.
- the left side shows the name of each gene
- TUJ1 is beta3-tublin
- MSI-1 is musashi-1
- GFAP is glial fibrillary acidic proteins alpha
- CCC cardiac dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel protein
- ANF for atrial natriuretic factor
- ALB for albumin
- TDO tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase
- TAT for tyrosine a minot sferase
- G6P glucose-6-phospatase
- ACT ACT for] 3 Actin is indicated respectively.
- Lane 1 undifferentiated rat ES cells
- Lane 2 embryoid bodies derived from rat ES cells
- Lane 3 control (no type III DNA added)
- Lane 4 WHG individual organs (brain, heart, liver). Wisteria were extracted from each and subjected to RT-PCR.
- Figure 23 shows the results of transplantation of established rat ES cells (WHG rat ES cells) subcutaneously into mice.
- 1 is a photograph showing that a teratoma was formed and that the teratoma has a three-germ layer structure.
- a Photograph of a mouse in which teratoma was formed by transplanting WHG rat ES cells subcutaneously into an immunodeficient mouse. The neck at the neck is a teratoma.
- b) Photograph of the extracted teratoma.
- Figure in the size bar is l cm.
- c Tissue image of teratoma sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The upper left shows the glandular structure, the upper right shows the vascular endothelium-like structure, the lower left shows the intestinal tract-like structure, and the lower right shows the osteocyte-like structure.
- Figure 24 is a photograph of genomic PCR showing that most tissues express EGFP in chimeric rats produced using established transgenic rat ES cells (pCAG-EGFP / WHGrES cells). .
- the upper figure shows the results of chimeric rats prepared using pCAG-EGFP / WHGrES cells, and the lower figure shows the results of wild-type rats.
- Lane 1 brain, lane 2: thymus, lane 3: heart, lane 4: esophagus, lane 5: lung, lane 6: stomach, lane 7: knee, lane 8: small intestine, lane 9: large intestine, lane 10: liver , lane 11: spleen, lane 12: kidney, lane 1 3: testis, lane 14: vascular, lane 15: muscle. Chromosomal DNA was extracted from each tissue and subjected to genomic PCR.
- FIG. 25 is a photograph showing a section of each tissue (kidney, skeletal muscle and stomach) of a GFP chimera rat, and immunostaining using a GFP antibody. '' Best mode for carrying out the invention
- the present invention provides, for the first time, a pet ES cell that could not be obtained by a conventional method.
- the rat ES cells of the present invention can be obtained under the following conditions (A) to (D) under culture conditions using a culture solution containing substantially no serum:
- the characteristics of the method for establishing rat ES cells of the present invention are as follows: (1) a culture medium containing substantially no serum is used in culturing blastocysts, inner cell masses and ES cells in general; In the step of dissociating (dissociating) ES cells, ES cells are dissociated (dissociated) while maintaining a certain amount of cell clumps without unifying cells.
- the rat from which the ES cells of the present invention are derived may be any type of rat as long as ES cells can be established based on the characteristics of the establishment method of the present invention. For example, from rats of strains such as Wistar Kyoto strain (WKY), Brown Norway strain (BN), Goto-Kakizaki strain (GK), SD strain, F344 / Du strain (Fischer), Wister strain, Wister Hannover strain, and ACI strain Selected.
- WKY Wistar Kyoto strain
- BN Brown Norway strain
- GK Goto-Kakizaki strain
- SD strain F344 / Du strain (Fischer)
- Wister strain Wister Hannover strain
- ACI strain Selected from rats of strains such as Wistar Kyoto strain (WKY), Brown Norway strain (BN), Goto-Kakizaki strain (GK), SD strain, F344 / Du strain (Fischer), Wister strain, Wister Hannover strain, and ACI strain Selected.
- the feeder cell may be a feeder cell derived from any species available to those skilled in the art, but it is preferable to use normal fibroblasts rather than lined feeder cells. Specific examples include normal fibroblasts of mouse embryos. More specifically, primary culture cells (normal fibroblasts) of mouse fetal fibroblasts on the 12th to 16th days of gestation may be mentioned. A normal fibroblast on day 5 is exemplified.
- the feeder cells can be prepared by a conventional method, or a commercially available product (mouse fibroblast, Asahi Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) can be used. The feeder cells are preferably treated with mitomycin C or the like and inactivated before use.
- substantially contained In the production (establishment and culture) of rat ES cells of the present invention, serum is substantially contained. Use no culture medium. 'Here, “substantially serum-free” means that the serum is such that rat ES cells no longer exhibit the properties of ES cells due to the effect of serum (for example, the serum lipophosphatase activity becomes negative). It means that it is not contained, specifically, it means that the serum concentration is 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, more preferably 2 % or less. More preferably, a serum-free medium containing no serum is used. In this case, it is necessary to add a reagent instead of serum. Specifically, a serum replacement reagent (KSR: Gibco BRL) is used. The serum replacement reagent is preferably used at a concentration of about 20%.
- KSR Gibco BRL
- rat-derived leukemia inhibitory factor it is preferable to use a culture solution that does not contain rat LIF (rLIF) at the stage of forming and separating the inner cell mass from the blastocyst.
- rLIF rat LIF
- the stage after the formation of the inner cell mass including culture and passage of established rat ES cells
- a culture solution containing rLIF As the concentration, it is preferable to add 100 units or more of rLIF per 1 ml of the culture solution, and it is more preferable to add about 1000 units or more.
- a commercially available rLIF (Chemicon) can be used.
- components commonly used for culturing ES cells are appropriately contained in the combination culture solution within the range of common knowledge of those skilled in the art.
- culture solution for rat ES cell establishment The culture solution used in the stage from the formation of the inner cell mass from the blastocyst is referred to as "culture solution for rat ES cell establishment”.
- Serum replacement reagent (KSR: Gibco BR Le Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 100 ml
- Non-essential amino acids (Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 5 ml
- Antibiotic-antibacterial solution (Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 5 ml
- culture solution for rat ES cells The culture solution used in culture after formation of the inner cell mass (including culture of established rat ES cells) is referred to as “culture solution for rat ES cells”.
- Serum replacement reagent (KSR: Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 100 ml
- Antibiotic-antibacterial solution (Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 5 ml
- rLIF rat-derived leukemia inhibitory factor
- rat-derived leukemia inhibitory factor is preferably added and mixed when necessary.
- the cell culture temperature in the production (establishment and culture) of the rat ES cells of the present invention is 35 ° C to 3 ° C.
- the temperature may be within the range of 7.5 ° C, preferably 37 ° C. Culture is carried out in 5% C0 2 in the culture apparatus for use in normal culture.
- Rats for collecting eggs include the Wistar Kyoto strain (WKY), Brown Norway strain (BN), Goto-Kakizaki strain (GK), SD strain, F344 / Du strain (Fischer), Wister strain and ister Hanno ver strain.
- ACI strains are selected from rats. Age ranges from 8 weeks to 40 weeks although it can be used as long as it is within 6, a 10- to 20-week-old rat is preferably used, and a 10- to 12-week-old rat is more preferably used.
- Eggs may be collected by a conventional method known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, the rats are naturally bred, and the vaginal plug is confirmed. On the third day, the female rat for egg collection is killed and the uterus is removed. The fertilized egg (embryo) is collected by perfusing the uterus with an appropriate medium.
- culture media to be Ru used herein perfusion, for example ⁇ medium (NaCl 640. 0 mg / 100 ml , KC1 35. 6 mg / 100 ml, KH 2 P0 4 16. 2 mg / 100 ml, MgS0 4 - 7H 2 0 29. 4 mg / 100 ml, NaHC0 3 190.
- the collected embryo is cultured in a culture medium such as mw medium, M2, M16, or the like.
- Development proceeds from fertilized egg (embryo) through morula to blastocyst (blastocyst stage embryo) by culture. Usually in order to advance the development to this stage, 37 ° C, 5%, it performed an ⁇ nutrient in C0 2 the culture apparatus. The progress of development to the blastocyst can be confirmed by microscopic observation. Preferably, development proceeds to the late blastocyst stage.
- the zona pellucida is removed. Removal of zona pellucida, acidic Tairoido (P H2. 5), hyaluronidase, intends row using pronase or the like. After that, feeder cells treated with mitomycin C were seeded on a gelatin-coated culture dish, and 5 to 10 rat blastocysts from which the zona pellucida was removed were transferred, and culture was started with a culture solution for rat ES cell establishment. I do.
- rat blastocysts (late stage) from which zona pellucida has been removed adhere to feeder cells. 5 to 10 days after adhesion, the inner cell mass emerging from the Physically separate using pets. The separated inner cell mass is transferred to a sterile tube or the like containing a culture solution for rat ES cell establishment, and dissociated until a cell mass of about 5 to 20 cells is obtained. At this time, dissociation using a protease such as trypsin-EDTA is not performed, and the inner cell mass is physically dissociated using a pipe or the like. Also, avoid dissociation until cells are singulated, and dissociate to the extent that a cell clump consisting of about 5 to 20 cells is maintained as described above. Here, it can be confirmed under a microscope that the cell clump is held.
- the inner cell mass dissociated in 2) above is cultured in a culture medium for rat ES cells.
- a culture medium for rat ES cells usually, primary ES cell colonies appear 2 to 4 days after culture.
- the appearance of primary ES cell colloes can be confirmed by observing under a microscope (the emerged ES cells are referred to as “primary ES cells”).
- the primary ES cells become ready for subculture.
- the “passageable state” refers to a state in which the number of cells constituting the formed primary ES cell colony has reached about 200 to 600, and the cells have become tight.
- the ES cell colony is separated using a 200 ⁇ l pipe or the like.
- the separated ES cell colonies are transferred to a sterile tube or the like containing a culture solution for rat ES cells, and dissociated until a cell clump consisting of about 5 to 20 cells is obtained.
- dissociation is not performed until cells are unified, and dissociation is performed to such an extent that a cell clump is maintained as described above.
- the dissociated ES cell colonies are subjected to primary culture in a culture medium for rat ES cells in a gelatin-coated culture dish seeded with feeder cells (cells of the first generation). ES cell colonies appear about 2 to 4 days after culturing, and can be passaged in about 5 to 10 days.
- the amount of trypsin is preferably about 500 / zl per 60 ram dish or less After the trypsin is spread over the entire surface, immediately remove the solution 70% of the total under a microscope After confirming that the ES cell core detaches from the feeder cell, immediately stop trypsin treatment.
- trypsin treatment for example, a culture solution containing 10% fetal bovine serum However, it may be stopped by diluting the concentration of trypsin by adding a large amount of serum-free culture solution, etc. Then, the ES cell colonies are further physically removed using a 5 ml pipette or the like.
- the cells can be passaged about every 5 to 10. Therefore, the cells can be passaged by the same passage method as in the passage of the first passage cells (passage to the second passage cells). The culture can be continued.
- ES cells have been established when the number of cell clumps and the number of cells constituting the cell clumps have stabilized.
- cells from the third and subsequent passages preferably the fifth and subsequent passages, can be determined as established rat ES cells.
- the established rat ES cells are supplied as a commercial product, in order to maintain a stable supply amount in one line, cells from the third generation onward, preferably the fifth generation onward, more preferably the tenth generation onward Are targeted for commercialization.
- Rat ES cells of the present invention are present invention.
- the rat ES cells of the present invention have the following properties (a) to (j):
- the present invention provides, for the first time, a rat ES cell which retains all the properties as an ES cell shown in the above (a) to (j).
- the following method is used to analyze whether the established rat ES cells retain the biotin as an ES cell, that is, retain the properties of an ES cell maintaining an undifferentiated state (totipotency). be able to.
- ES cells Definitive factors that characterize ES cells include 0ct3 / 4 (Okaraoto, K. et al., Cell, 60: 461-472 (1990), Scholer, HR et al., EMB0 J. 9: 2185. -2195 (1990)) and Nanog (Mitsui, K., et al., Cell, 113: 631-642 (2003), Chambers I., et al., Cell, 113: 643-655 (2003)). Have been. The expression of these genes can be confirmed by performing RT-PCR using primers specific for Rat 0ct3 / 4 and Nanog.
- Primers specific to rat 0ct3 / 4 and Nanog used here include the primers described in the examples (Oct 3/4: 5'-ATGGACTACCCAGAACCCCAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3), 5'-TTACAGGAGCTGCAGTTATAC-3, (SEQ ID NO: 4), Nanog: 5′-TAGCC CTGATTCTTCTAGCA-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 5), 5′-TTTGCTGCMCGGCACATM-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 6).
- Undifferentiated ES cells express large amounts of alkaline phosphatase.
- the expression of the alkaline phosphatase can be easily measured by using various commercially available alkaline phosphatase detection kits.
- the detection kit include an ALP tissue staining kit (Sigma) and a vector alkaline phosphatase substrate kit I (Funakoshi). 3) Embryoid body formation ability
- embryoid bodies are formed by culturing ES cells in uncoated culture dishes in the absence of feeder cells or LIF (Roy. S. et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 18: 3947-3955 (1998)). Embryoid bodies are formed by culturing rat ES cells in a non-coated culture dish using a culture solution for rat ES cells from which LIF has been removed for about 7 to 14 days. It can be confirmed by observing the appearance of a spherical body.
- ES cells One of the indices for identifying the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells such as ES cells is the detection of cell surface antigens whose expression level changes specifically in the differentiation stage.
- the rat ES cells of the present invention express SSEA (fetal stage specific antigen) -1 and SSEA-4.
- SSEA fetal stage specific antigen
- SSEA-4 The expression of the cell surface marker can be evaluated by immunostaining using an ES cell characterization kit (Funakoshi).
- the G-band method (Sumner AT Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 6: 59-87 (1982) ) Can be confirmed by analyzing the number of chromosomes.
- the established ES cells can be subcultured while maintaining the undifferentiated state.
- the rat ES cells established in the present invention have an excellent feature that they can be subcultured at least up to the 35th passage.
- the maintenance of the undifferentiated state can be confirmed by subculturing rat ES cells of the present invention by the subculture method (7) described below and measuring the alkaline phosphatase activity and the like.
- ES cells By culturing ES cells in the absence of feeder cells or LIF, they spontaneously differentiate into various cells via embryoid bodies.
- the properties of the ES cells are observed by first forming embryoid bodies by the method described in 3 ) above, then transferring the embryoid bodies to a gelatin-coated culture dish, and culturing for about 7 to 14 days. be able to. From the characteristic morphology of each cell, confirm the appearance of nerve-like cells, fat-like cells, or epithelial cells. You can.
- ES cells have the ability to differentiate into cells of three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm).
- the properties of the ES cells are determined by extracting RNA from embryoid bodies (embryo bodies in which cardiomyocyte-like cells appear) formed by the method described in 3) above, and ectodermal lineage cells (eg, neurons)
- RNA from embryoid bodies (embryo bodies in which cardiomyocyte-like cells appear) formed by the method described in 3) above, and ectodermal lineage cells (eg, neurons)
- the expression of each marker gene in mesodermal lineage cells (eg, cardiomyocytes) and endoderm lineage cells (eg, hepatocytes) can be confirmed by analyzing the expression of each marker gene by RT-PCR.
- neuronal markers include Nestin, TUJ1 (beta3-tublin), MSI-1 (musas hi-1), GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic proteins alpha) and the like.
- Cardiomyocyte markers include CCC (cardiac dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel protein) and AF (atrial natriuretic factor) KvLQTl; ⁇ .
- ALB albumin
- TDO tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase
- TAT ⁇ tyrosine aminotransferase ⁇ G6P (glucose 6-phospatase, etc.) 9 ) Teratoma-forming ability
- Teratomas can be formed by transplanting ES cells into xenogeneic animals that are allogeneic or innately immunodeficient.
- the teratoma is a name of a mixed tumor in which various tissues made up of three germ layers of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm are cluttered in one tumor.
- the formation of the teratoma can be confirmed by transplanting rat ES cells into a subcutaneous animal or the like of a homologous or congenital immunodeficient xenogeneic animal, and visually observing the presence of a bumpy object several months later. .
- the formation of the teratoma structure in the formed teratoma can be confirmed by sectioning the extracted teratoma, staining it with hematoxylin and eosin, and observing the morphology of the tissue and cells under a microscope. . 10) Chimeric rat production ability
- Chimeric rats can be produced by introducing ES cells into homologous or heterologous rats.
- the production of a chimeric rat can be performed, for example, by the following method.
- a marker gene eg, GFP, / 3 gal, luciferase, etc.
- a vector containing such a marker gene is electroporated.
- Recombinant rat ES cells having the vector integrated in the ES cell chromosome are established by integrating the vector into the chromosome of the rat ES cell by the laceion method or the like, and adding the drug to the culture medium for selection.
- This recombinant rat ES cell is transplanted into the blastocyst of a rat blastocyst, or at the morula or 16-cell stage, for example, by micromanipulation. (Microdon injection method: Gordon J. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 77: 7380-7384 (1980)), or zona pellucida of two 8-cell stage embryos. Is removed and co-cultured with the recombinant rat ES cells to form aggregates. When this aggregate is cultured, it becomes one blastocyst (cell aggregate method: Dvorak P. et al., Int. J. Dev.
- Embryos obtained as described above are transplanted into the uterus of a pseudopregnant female rat prepared by natural mating with a male rat that has undergone vasectomy, and the embryo is produced. Chimeric rats can be produced.
- the obtained chimeric rat has cells and tissues derived from ES cells, that is, that the established rat ES cells have the ability to produce chimeric rats.
- the differentiation of ES cells into cells of each tissue lineage can be determined, for example, by sectioning each tissue of a chimeric rat and detecting the presence of a marker gene expression product (marker protein) based on the properties of the marker protein used. Can be checked.
- the rat ES cells of the present invention have the property of differentiating by culturing in the presence of 20% serum.
- the rat ES cells of the present invention are differentiated by culturing in the presence of 10% serum, and more preferably, are differentiated by culturing in the presence of 5% serum.
- the differentiation of rat ES cells can be confirmed by the disappearance of kaliphosphatase activity and the loss of expression of ES cell marker genes such as 0ct3 / 4 and Nanog. 7. Subculture method of rat ES cells
- the rat ES cells of the present invention can be subcultured while maintaining an undifferentiated state.
- the passage of the rat ES cells of the present invention can be performed within the common sense of those skilled in the art if the cells are not unified, that is, a state in which a cell clump composed of about 5 to 20 cells is maintained.
- passage can be performed, treatment with a protease such as trypsin-EDTA should be minimized and cell dissociation should be performed by physical means. Specific examples are shown below.
- the culture solution was removed, washed with PBS (-) that had been returned to room temperature, and 2.5% trypsin pre-incubated at 373 ⁇ 4 Spread it on.
- the amount of trypsin is preferably about 500 ⁇ / 60 ⁇ dish or less. Remove the solution immediately after spreading the trypsin over the entire surface. Under a microscope, confirm that 70% or more of the ES cell cores have detached from the feeder cells, and immediately stop trypsin treatment.
- the ES cell port is physically peeled off using a 5ral pipette, etc., and the cell suspension is separated into cells and culture solution by centrifugation (1000 rpm, about 3 minutes at room temperature). Collect only. Rather than suspending the cells with the culture solution and completely unifying them, a 5-20 cell mass is formed under a microscope to confirm the state of V, and then gelatin-cultured with seeded feeder cells Transfer to a dish and culture. Thereafter, the same subculture is performed similarly, since the cells can be subcultured about every 5 to 10 days.
- a culture solution containing substantially no serum For culturing the subcultured cells, a culture solution containing substantially no serum is used.
- substantially contains no serum means that rat ES cells do not contain serum to such an extent that they do not exhibit the properties of ES cells due to the effect of serum (for example, alkaline phosphatase activity becomes negative).
- the serum concentration is 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, and more preferably 2% or less. More preferably, a serum-free medium containing no serum is used.
- a reagent instead of serum.
- a culture solution containing a serum replacement reagent KSR: Gibco BRL
- the serum replacement reagent should be used at a concentration of about 20%. preferable.
- the culture solution used for culturing the passaged cells contains rLIF.
- concentration of rLIF it is preferable to add 100 units or more of rLIF per 1 ml of the culture solution, and it is more preferable to add about 1000 units or more.
- the culture solution for subculture of rat ES cells of the present invention preferably contains a serum replacement reagent and rLIF, and the culture solution for rat ES cells described in 3.-2) above. Used effectively.
- the present invention provides a culture kit for culturing the rat ES cells of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a rat ES cell culture kit containing serum replacement reagent (KSR) and rLIF as components.
- KSR serum replacement reagent
- rLIF may be mixed and encapsulated in one container, but are preferably encapsulated in separate containers.
- R can be a product of Gibco BRL
- rLIF can be a product of Chemicon.
- the kit can further contain the rat ES cell of the present invention as a component.
- the rat ES cells of the present invention are supplied as a commercial product, cells from the third generation onward, preferably from the fifth generation onward, more preferably from the tenth generation onward are targeted for commercialization.
- the rat ES cell may be commercialized by itself, but may be commercialized as a component of the culture kit of the present invention as described above.
- the kit may further contain a feeder cell as a component.
- the feeder cells may be feeder cells from any species available to those skilled in the art, but it is preferable to use normal fibroblasts rather than lined feeder cells. Specifically, primary cultured cells (normal fibroblasts) of mouse fetal fibroblasts on the 12th to 16th day of gestation can be mentioned. Examples of the normal fibroblasts include mouse ICR fetal 12.5% Examples are normal fibroblasts of the eye.
- the feeder cells can be prepared by a conventional method, or mouse fetal fibroblasts (Asahi Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- ES cell production method (establishment method, subculture method) and ES cell culture described above
- the nutrient solution and culture kit are applicable not only to rat ES cells but also to other animal species (excluding mice).
- mice ES cells In mouse ES cells, colonies rise in a dome shape, and the boundaries between adjacent cells are generally unclear. Also, it has luster. On the other hand, colonies of primate ES cells spread flat and the luster of mouse ES cells is not observed. Furthermore, the boundaries between cells are clearer than mouse ES cells.
- the rat ES cells established in the present invention form flat colonies, no strong luster like mouse ES cells is observed, and it is clear that they show a morphology closer to primate ES cells than mice. Was. Therefore, the method for producing ES cells (establishment method, subculture method) and the culture solution or culture kit for ES cells of the present invention can be applied to primate ES cells.
- the present invention provides a method for inducing differentiation of rat ES cells of the present invention, and cells obtained by inducing differentiation.
- ES cells can be induced to differentiate into various cells by culturing them under conditions that do not contain feeder cells or LIF.oy.S. et al. , Mol. Cell. Biol., 18: 3947-3955 (1998)). In addition, it can be induced to differentiate into various cells by the action of retinoic acid, cell growth factor, dalcocorticoid and the like (Kawamorita M. et al., Hum. Cell., 15: 178-182 (2002)). Furthermore, differentiation can be induced by an extracellular matrix. Therefore, differentiation can be similarly induced by culturing the rat ES cells of the present invention under the above conditions.
- cells obtained by inducing differentiation from ES cells include, for example, nerve cells, blood cells, hepatocytes, vascular endothelial cells, or cardiomyocytes.
- Cells obtained by inducing differentiation from these ES cells are useful, for example, as transplant cells in an experimental model of transplant therapy.
- the differentiated cells are also effectively used for examining the effects of exposing cells to nucleic acids, proteins or carcinogens, environmental mutagens, and the like.
- genetic or epigenetic changes of cells due to the addition of the substance, transformation of cells, colony forming ability in soft agar medium, changes in indices of canceration including invasion ability, changes in metabolic functions, Changes in physiological functions, biochemical Effects on cells can be examined based on biological indicators such as changes.
- rat ES cells by establishing rat ES cells, not only rat ES cells but also various substances derived therefrom (for example, a cDNA library or genomic library prepared from mRNA derived from established rat ES cells, or rat ES cells). Cell extract, etc.).
- the various substances derived from ES cells of the present invention can be effectively used in research in regenerative medicine, research on expression analysis at the molecular level in embryology, drug discovery research in place of animal individuals, safety evaluation tests, etc. .
- the cDNA library is prepared by using RNA extracted from rat ES cells of the present invention as type III, and using a commercially available cDNA library preparation kit (for example, clone minor cDNA library preparation kit (Invitrogen) or Creator SMART cDNA library). It can be prepared using a preparation kit (BD Biosciences) or the like. In addition, it can be prepared by an ordinary method with reference to a genome library ⁇ Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual., Edited by T. Maniatis et al., 2nd edition (1989), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, etc. In addition, an ES cell-derived cell extract can be prepared by, for example, disrupting cells by a conventional method and centrifuging in the presence of a protease inhibitor.
- a commercially available cDNA library preparation kit for example, clone minor cDNA library preparation kit (Invitrogen) or Creator SMART cDNA library. It can be prepared using a preparation kit (BD Biosciences) or the like
- the present invention provides the following (i) to (iii):
- test substance is a substance related to differentiation induction based on the evaluation result of (ii) above,
- a method for screening a tissue or cell differentiation inducer comprising:
- the test substance to be subjected to screening in the step (i) is not limited, and is, for example, a nucleic acid, a peptide, a protein, an organic compound, or an inorganic compound.
- the screening is specifically performed on these test substances. Alternatively, it is performed by bringing a sample containing these (test sample) into contact with rat ES cells.
- cell extract Genes (genome, cDNA) libraries, RNAi libraries, antisense nucleic acids, synthetic low molecular weight compounds, synthetic peptides, natural compounds and the like.
- These test samples or test substances are brought into contact with rat ES cells in such a form that they can be taken up.
- the test sample is a nucleic acid
- the sample is introduced into ES cells using microinjection, calcium phosphate, or a lipid for introducing DEAE-dextran II gene.
- the conditions under which the rat ES cells are brought into contact with the test substance are not particularly limited as long as the cells do not die and the culture conditions (temperature, pH, composition of the culture solution, etc.) are suitable for the uptake of the test substance.
- the test substance is added to rat ES cells cultured under conditions suitable for inducing differentiation, that is, under conditions free of feeder cells or palms.
- step (ii) the presence / absence and degree of differentiation of rat ES cells are evaluated, and in (iii), whether or not the test substance is a substance related to differentiation induction is determined based on the evaluation results. .
- the differentiation of rat ES cells into desired tissues or cells can be evaluated, for example, using a marker expressed in the desired tissues or cells as an index.
- the desired tissue or cell marker includes a tissue or cell specific antigen.
- Specific examples of the marker include a neuron cell marker such as -Euron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, nestin, etc., and a cartilage marker such as S-100 protein, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, etc. Is mentioned.
- muscle strength includes desmin, muscle-specific actin, and the like.
- tissue-cell-specific marker can be detected by EL1SA, immunostaining, or the like using an antibody against the marker.
- the expression of these marker genes can also be detected by a technique such as RT-PCR.
- the present invention comprises the following steps (I) to (III):
- test substance a substance that acts on differentiation induction based on the evaluation result of the above (II), And a method for screening a substance that acts on tissue or cell differentiation induction.
- ES cells can be induced to differentiate into various cells by culturing them in the absence of feeder cells and LIF as described above (Roy. S. et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 18 : 3947-3955 (1998)).
- differentiation can be induced in various cells by the action of retinoic acid, growth factors, darcocorticoid, and the like (Kawamorita M. et al., Hum. Cell., 15: 178-182 (2002)).
- differentiation can be induced by an extracellular matrix.
- a test compound for example, a drug such as an anticancer drug or an environmental mutant
- the screening can be applied, for example, to the study of side effects of a drug under development.
- the test substance to be subjected to the screening in the step (I) includes the same substances as in the above 11. Regarding the contact between the test substance and rat ES cells, the test substance may be contacted with the rat ES cells of the present invention, and then cultured under the conditions for inducing ES cell differentiation. It is also possible to start the culture under the following conditions and then contact the test substance.
- Culture under differentiation-inducing conditions refers to culture conditions in the absence of feeder cells or LIF as described above, or culture conditions in which retinoic acid, growth factors, dalcocorticoids, extracellular matrix, etc. are added to the culture medium. And the like. Evaluate the effect of the test substance on the differentiation of rat ES cells after or after the culturing process under the conditions for inducing arsenic. It is desirable that the evaluation be performed based on comparison with the degree of differentiation in a target cell to which the test substance is not acted. Specifically, for example, by adding a hepatocyte differentiation-inducing factor (Japanese Patent Application No.
- hepatocyte-specific expressed genes such as albumin and tributanphan
- 2,3 dioxygenase can be evaluated as an index.
- the rat ES cells of the present invention can be used for producing genetically modified rats.
- Rats are mammals of an experimentally appropriate size, which is about 10 times larger than mice, and are: (1) Drugs can be easily administered to cell blood vessels; (2) Surgery; It has the advantage that it can be collected.
- Many human disease model rats have been developed and discovered in the past.However, since rat ES cells have not been established, genetically modified rats, especially those that require gene targeting, such as knockout rats and knockin rats, have been produced. Was virtually impossible.
- the rat ES cells of the present invention enable the production of such genetically modified rats for the first time.
- the gene-modified rat can be produced by a technique well known to those skilled in the art.
- genetically modified rat refers to all genetically modified rats known to those skilled in the art, such as chimeric rats, knockout rats, knockin rats, transgenic rats and knockdown rats.
- the genetically modified rat comprises the following steps (X) to (Z):
- a knockout rat is a mutant rat in which the target gene has been artificially broken, and can also be called a gene targeting rat.
- the knockout rat can be prepared according to the method for preparing a knockout mouse described in, for example, Donehower AL et al. Nature, 356: 215-221 (1992). Briefly, a vector for homologous recombination (targeting vector) is constructed based on the genomic DNA sequence of the target gene. At this time, a drug resistance gene such as a G418 resistance gene or a hygromycin resistance gene is incorporated as a marker gene for selection of recombinant clones. The thus constructed targeting vector is introduced into rat ES cells by an electoporation method or the like.
- a colony that has undergone homologous recombination is selected from the obtained transfected cells.
- the homologous and recombined rat ES cells thus obtained are transplanted into the blastocyst of the rat blastocyst or the morula stage or 16-cell stage by micromanipulation, for example, and re-implanted together with the inner cell mass. Is it generated as part of the inner cell mass? Edition method: Gordon JW et ah,? Roc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 77: 7380-7384 (1980)), or remove the zona pellucida of two 8-cell stage embryos and coculture with the homologous recombinant rat ES cells to form aggregates.
- conditional knockout is a system in which a gene is knocked out in a site-specific and time-specific manner using the Cre / loxP system or the FLP / FRT system. Specifically, this is a system in which a targeted gene or gene is replaced with a sequence flanked by ⁇ sequences or FRT sequences, and the gene flanked by the loxP sequence or FRT sequence is cut out by supplying Cre or FLP protein (Sternberg N., et al., J. Mol. Biol., 150: 487-507 (1981)).
- the knock-in rat refers to a mutant rat in which an artificially created foreign gene having homology has been introduced into the position of the target gene.
- the target gene may or may not be destroyed.
- the knock-in rat can be prepared according to the method for preparing a knock-in mouse described in, for example, Pewzner-Jung Y. et al., J. Immunol., 161: 4634-4645 (1998). Basically, the knockout rat can be prepared using exactly the same principle as that of the knockout rat.
- the transgenic rat means a rat into which a foreign gene has been artificially introduced.
- a method of injecting a desired gene into the male pronucleus of a fertilized egg by micromanipulation has been generally used. Therefore, the knockout
- the necessity of the rat ES cells of the present invention is not as high as in knock-in rats.
- the rat ES cells of the present invention are effectively used to increase the transduction efficiency and the efficiency of introduction and production of individuals.
- the transgenic rat can be produced according to the method for producing a transgenic mouse described in, for example, Yamamoto H. et al., Cancer Res., 62: 1641-1647 (2002). That is, ES cells are sucked and fixed with a glass pipette, and the exogenous target gene solution is directly injected into the nucleus using a thin glass pipe with a tip of 2 ⁇ m or less from the other end. The ES cells injected with the solution are transferred to a culture system to establish a strain into which the gene has been incorporated, and the fertilized eggs (Morula or plast embryos) of the mouse are sucked and fixed with a glass pipette, and the established ES cells are glass-coated. This technique involves injecting into fertilized eggs using a pipette, culturing them in a test tube, developing them to some extent, and returning them to the oviduct or uterus of a pseudopregnant female mouse to obtain a baby mouse.
- the category of the transgenic rat also includes a conditional transgenic rat.
- conditional transgenic is a system that uses Cre / ⁇ or FLP / FRT to express genes in a site-specific and time-specific manner. Specifically, a system in which a drug resistance gene or the like is sandwiched between ⁇ sequences or FRT sequences, and the gene sandwiched between the ⁇ sequences or FRT sequences is cut off by supplying Cre or FLP protein, thereby expressing the target gene. (Sternberg N., et al., J. Mol. Biol., 150: 487-507 (1981)). ,
- Knockdown rats are artificially introduced and expressed short double-stranded RNA (siRNA) or antisense nucleic acid, an intermediate of RNAi, and suppress the expression of the target gene by the action of the siRNA or antisense nucleic acid.
- Such knockdown animals can be produced based on the establishment of a vector-based siRNA expression system (Science 296: 550-553 (2002), Nature Biotech. 20: 500-505 (2002)).
- Etc. The knockdown rat can be prepared, for example, according to the method described in Tiscornia G. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100: 1844-1848 (2003).
- the present invention can be produced using exactly the same principle as that of the above-mentioned transgenic rat.
- the present invention also provides a genetically modified rat produced by the above operation.
- genetically modified rat means any genetically modified rat known to those skilled in the art, such as a chimeric rat, a knockout rat, a knockin rat, a transgenic rat, or a knockdown rat.
- a feeder cell used for establishing and culturing rat ES cells normal fibroblasts of mouse ICR fetal day 12.5 treated with mitomycin C were used (FIG. 2). Before use, thaw the frozen feeder cells one day before use, and use ST0 medium (DMEM 450 ml, FBS 50 ml, Antibiotic-Antirai erotics solution 5 ml) and seratin-coated culture dishes (Iwaki, Tokyo, Saitomoto). And cultured.
- ST0 medium DMEM 450 ml, FBS 50 ml, Antibiotic-Antirai erotics solution 5 ml
- rLIF rat leukemia inhibitory factor
- rLIF was added at the stage after the formation of the inner cell mass until the establishment of rat ES cells.
- the cells were cultured in a culture solution to which rLIF was added (1000 units).
- ES cells were able to be established at a rate of about 50% or more from the inner cell mass.
- the necessity of adding rLIF after establishment of rat ES cells was also examined. Rat ES cells were cultured up to the fifth passage in a culture medium supplemented with 1000 units of rLIF, and various concentrations of rLIF were added to the rat ES cells at the fifth passage and further passaged for three passages.
- FBS fetal calf serum
- the ability to form the inner cell mass and the rate of formation with and without 20% FBS were investigated.
- the presence or absence of maintenance of undifferentiated ability in the first-cultured first passage ES cells was also examined. Presence or absence of undifferentiated ability depends on alkaline phosphatase activity Judgment was made based on sex and the ability to form embryoid bodies. As a result, when FBS was added, most differentiated into multinucleated cells without forming an inner cell mass (if formed, they did not grow to a size separable from trophoblasts).
- the ES cells cultured in the primary culture were negative for the arsenic phosphatase activity, an indicator of undifferentiation, and no colony II embryoid bodies were formed.
- serum replacement reagent KSR
- a pickable inner cell mass was formed from rat blastocysts.Also
- primary cells of ES cells were positive for alkaline phosphatase activity, (4) An embryoid body was formed (Fig. 4). From these results, it became clear that KSR is superior to FBS in establishing rat ES cells. When the FBS concentration was 5% or 10%, the same results were obtained as in the case of the 20% FBS.
- Serum replacement reagent (KSR: Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 100 ml
- Non-essential amino acids (Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 5 ml
- Antibiotic-antibacterial solution (Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 5 ral
- Serum replacement reagent (KSR: Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 100 ml
- Non-essential amino acids (Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 5 ml
- nucleoside stock solution (Adenosine 4 mg, Guanosine 4.25 mg, Cytidine 3.65 rag, Peridine 3.65 mg, Thymidine 1.2 mg)
- Antibiotic-antibacterial solution (Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) 5 ral
- mouse ES cells be completely transformed into single cells with trypsin / EDTA solution and passaged, but rat ES cells undergo spontaneous differentiation when the mouse ES cell method is applied. Therefore, it was found that it is desirable to physically detach the ES cell colonies and to passage them as 5 to 20 cell clusters.
- FIG. 6 shows an outline of the establishment method. After confirming the rat blastocyst (late stage) under a microscope, the zona pellucida was removed using tyroid acid (PH2.5). Normal mouse fetal fibroblasts treated with mitomycin C Blastocysts (feeder cells) are seeded on 60 mm gelatin-coated culture dishes (Iwaki, Tokyo, Japan), and 5 to 10 rat blastocysts (late stage) with zona pellucida removed are transferred to establish rat ES cells. The culture was started with the culture medium for use.
- Rat blastocysts (late stage) from which the zona pellucida has been removed adhere to normal mouse fetal fibroblasts at 1 to 40 days, and only 5 to 10 days after adhesion, only the inner cell mass (Fig. 7) is removed. Separated using 1 pipette. A 200 / zl rat ES cell culture medium was dispensed into a 1.5 ml sterile tube, the separated inner cell mass was transferred, and the cell mass was physically dissociated using a bit. The dissociated ⁇ cell mass was cultured in a rat ES cell culture solution on a 6-well gelatin-coated culture dish (Iwaki, Tokyo, Japan) seeded with feeder cells the day before use.
- the culture solution was removed, washed twice with PBS that had been returned to room temperature, and 2.5% trypsin (Gibco BRL, Funakoshi, Tokyo, 3 tubes) pre-incubated at 37 ° C was added at a concentration of 50/60/60 dishes. zl was added and spread over the entire surface, and the solution was immediately removed. Under a microscope, more than 70% of the total ES cell colonies were detached from the feeder cells, the condition was confirmed, and trypsin treatment was stopped by adding 2 ml of a culture solution containing 10% fetal bovine serum. .
- the ES cell colonies were further physically detached using a 5 ml pipet, and the cell suspension was separated into cells and culture solution by centrifugation (3 min at 100 rpm, room temperature), and only the cells were collected.
- the cells were not suspended and completely isolated in the culture medium for rat ES cells, but the cells were observed under a microscope to form 5-20 cell clusters (Fig. 5a)).
- the day before use the cells were transferred to a 60 mm gelatin-coated culture dish (Iwaki, Tokyo, Japan) seeded with feeder cells and cultured ("passage 2nd generation" in Fig. 6).
- the cells stabilized to a state capable of being passaged were passaged in the same manner as described above. (Fig. 10).
- the morphology of the established rat ES cells was a typical morphology of ES cells very similar to various ES cells reported so far (Fig. 11). The tree After standing, the cells were subcultured every 5 to 10 days in the same manner as described above to maintain the cells.
- rat ES cells of the fifth generation it was confirmed that the cells had characteristics as ES cells. Specifically, the following properties were examined.
- RA was extracted from the established rat ES cells using IS0GEN (Nitsubon Gene, Tokyo, 0). Single-stranded cDNA, the total RNA 2 mu ⁇ , oligo (dT) 1 8 primer 0. 5 ⁇ 1, dNTPs 10pmol, RAV-2 RT Aze 5 units, and a single-stranded synthetic buffer (Takara, Kyoto, (Japan) in a total volume of 20 / l.
- the synthesis was performed at 37 ° C for 10 minutes, 42 ° C for 1 hour, 56 ° C for 10 minutes, and 99 ° C for 5 minutes.
- the following primers were synthesized (oligonucleotide sequences are shown in parentheses in the order of sense and antisense primer, followed by annealing temperature, cycle used for PCR, and length of amplified fragment): ⁇ -Actin (5'-AGAGCMGAGAG GTATCCTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1), 5'-AGAGCATAGCCCTCGTAGAT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2); 55 ° C; 25 cycles; 339 bp), Oct 3/4 (5,- ATGGACTACCCAGAACCCCAG-3, (SEQ ID NO: 3), 5,-TTACAGGAGCTGCAGTTATAC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 4); 56.
- the rat Oct 3/4 primer was obtained by copying the mouse Oct 3/4 gene CDS sequence to GenBank. The base sequence was searched by BLAST to obtain the rat Oct 3/4 gene sequence. The homology between mouse and rat was searched, and a region that did not amplify mouse ES cells was selected, and this was designed as a rat-specific Oct 3/4 primer Nanog was also determined based on the CDS sequences of mouse and human Nanog genes. And the primer was designed.
- the presence / absence of Arikari phosphatase activity which is one of the representative indices for proving that cells have undifferentiated ability, was analyzed.
- established rat ES cells cultured in the presence of a culture medium for rat ES cells and a feeder single cell were directly fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes, and then fixed with 100% EtOH for 10 minutes. Washed by 0 for 30 minutes.
- Alkali phosphatase activity was detected with Vector Lettuce alkaline phosphatase substrate kit I (Funakoshi, Tokyo, Saitomoto) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- Fig. 13 shows the results.
- the established rat ES cells were shown to be positive for alkaline phosphatase activity.
- embryoid bodies are formed by culturing ES cells in uncoated culture dishes in the absence of feeder cells or LIF (Roy. S., et al., Mo 1. Cell. Biol., 18: 3947-3955 (1998)). Therefore, established rat ES cells 1.OX10 7 cells were inoculated in a non-coated culture dish using a culture medium for rat ES cells from which rLIF had been removed, and the culture medium was replaced every 3 days at 37 ° C for 20 days. Incubated. The results are shown in FIG. As is evident from Fig. 14, embryoid bodies were formed, and many embryoid bodies pulsating like myocardium were confirmed.4) Analysis of ES cell marker staining
- SSEA stage-specific embryonic antigen
- ES cell characterization kit Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan
- secondary antibody anti-mouse IgG antibody-Piotin labeling (Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan)
- DAB staining kit Ko, Tokyo, Japan
- Rat ES cells were cultured using a culture solution for rat ES cells in a gelatin-coated culture dish (Iwaki, Tokyo, Japan) in the presence of a feeder cell, and the number of passages and the retention of undifferentiated ability were determined. Rephosphatase activity was examined as an index. The test was started from the fifth passage, and alkaline phosphatase activity was stained every fifth passage. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected by Vector Red alkaline phosphatase substrate kit I (Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The results are shown in FIG. It was clarified that culturing was possible by using a culture solution for rat ES cells at least up to the 25th passage while maintaining a stable undifferentiated ability. After ⁇ , it is clear that stable culture can be performed up to the 35th passage.
- Established rat ES cell 1. 0 X 1 0 7 pieces of non-coated culture dish (Iwaki, Tokyo, S present) in, by culturing rat ES cell cultures, except rat leukemia inhibitory factor a (rLIF) Embryoid body formation has begun. Embryoid bodies were transferred to gelatin-coated culture dishes (Iwaki, Tokyo, Japan) on the 7th day after the initiation of formation, and cultured for further 7 days. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 (a) neuron-like cells appeared from the embryoid body.
- the enlarged view (b) of this nerve-like cell an image was seen in which neurites were extended and connected between the two cells.
- Fat-like cells are characterized by containing many transparent granules in the cytoplasm.
- FIG. 18 (c) fat-like cell images containing many transparent granules were confirmed.
- FIG. 18 (d) many epithelial cells were also confirmed. It was confirmed that the rat ES cells thus established had the ability to spontaneously differentiate into various cells. 8) Effect of serum and LIF addition on rat ES cells
- Rat LIF Rat LIF
- serum-free containing 20% KSR
- LIF-free containing 20% KSR
- 3 ⁇ 4Mouse LIF mLIF
- serum-free 20 % (Contains KSR)
- rLIF rat LIF
- Nanog, and Rex-1 were analyzed by analyzing the presence or absence of expression of each gene.
- the presence or absence of expression of the ERas gene which is important for the formation of malformed fl swelling, a characteristic of ES cells, was also analyzed.
- the sequence of the primers used, the annealing temperature and the cycles used for the PCR are as follows:
- Nanog 5'-TAGCCCTGATTCTTCTAGCA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 5), 5'-TTTTGCTGCAACGGCACATM-3' (SEQ ID NO: 6), 60. C, 40 cycles,
- Rex-1 5'-AAATCATGACGAGGCAAGGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 7), 5'-TGAGTTCGCTCCAACAGTCT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 8), 60 ° C, 40 cycles,
- ERas 5'-ACCTGAGCCCCGGCACACAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 9), 5, -CAGCTGCAGCGGTGTGGGCG-3, (SEQ ID NO: 10), 64 ° C, 40 cycles.
- rat ES cells were cultured in rLIF and 20% KSR ((1)), they were morphologically stable (Fig. 19), and undifferentiated ability was maintained due to the observed expression of ES cell marker genes. It was confirmed that the cells could be proliferated in a state where they were kept. On the other hand, when cultured under the remaining three conditions (the above ( 2 ) to (4)), the expression of characteristic ES cell markers was lost, and morphologically shifted to a differentiated state (FIG. 19). From the above results, it became clear that both rat LIF and serum replacement reagent (KSR) are important for the culture of rat ES cells. 9) Analysis of teratoma formation ability
- the established rat ES cells are suspended and adjusted to 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 cells / 200 zl with PBS, and the cells are transplanted into the testis and subcutaneously of syngeneic male rats (15 weeks old). Rats are sacrificed and the formed teratoma is removed and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Tissue sections are prepared, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the differentiation induction into three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) is confirmed under a microscope.
- the pEGFP-1 vector (Clonetech) was constructed with a chicken albumin promoter upstream of the EGFP gene to construct a vector that stably expresses the EGFP gene in cells.
- the vector thus prepared was introduced into rat ES cells using the electroporation method, and a cell line integrated into the chromosomal gene inside the rat ES cells was subjected to drug selection using G418 and established (RESCZEGFP stock) .
- vasectomy is performed in advance, and male rats and female rats for egg collection are mated.
- the vaginal plug of the female rat is confirmed, and a pseudopregnant female rat is prepared.
- the anesthetized pseudopregnant female rat is laparotomized and 10 eggs are implanted into the uterus.
- the pups are excised by spontaneous delivery or, if necessary, by cesarean section, and the birth of the chimeric rat is confirmed by illuminating the pups with a fluorescent color.
- ES cells were also established in Wister Hannover GALAS rats (WHG) and Brown Norway rats (BN) in the same manner as in the case of Wister Kyoto rats (WKY) shown in Example 1. As a result, ES cells could be established for all rats.
- Figure 20 shows a photograph of the inner cell mass formed from the blastocysts of each rat (WKY, WHG and BN).
- Fig. 20 also shows a photograph of the established ES cells at the fifth passage. It was confirmed that both WHG rat ES cells and BN rat ES cells can be passaged while maintaining their undifferentiated ability, as in WKY rat ES cells.
- RT-PCR analysis was performed to determine whether or not the established ES cells were expressed in the established WKY rat ES cells, WHG rat ES cells, and BN rat ES cells.
- the experiment was performed in the same manner as in 1) of Example 2.
- the RT-PCR primers used were those described in 1) and 8) of Example 2.
- FIG. 21 shows the results of WKY rat ES cells. Expression was shown for all factors, 0ct3 / 4, Rex-1, Nanog, and ERas. The same results were obtained for WHG rat ES cells and BN rat ES cells.
- the established rat ES cells were seeded on a non-coated culture dish using a culture medium for rat ES cells from which rLIF had been removed, and the culture medium was replaced at 37 ° C for 3 minutes and incubated for 20 days. As a result, embryoid bodies were formed, and a large number of embryoid bodies pulsating like myocardium were confirmed.
- TUJ1 5, -GGAACGCATCAGTGTCTACT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 13), 5' -ACCACGCTGAAGGTGTTCA T-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 14), 60 ° C, 40 cycles,
- MSI-1 5'-TCTCACTGCTTATGGTCCGA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 15), 5'-TCAGTGGTACCCATTGGTG A-3' (SEQ ID NO: 16), 60 ° C, 40 cycles,
- GFAP 5'-GGCTCTGAGAGAGATTCGCA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 17), 5'-ATGTCCAGGGCTAGCTTMC-3 , (SEQ ID NO: 18), 58 ° C, 40 cycles,
- ANF 5'-ATACAGTGCGGTGTCCAACA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 21) ⁇ 5'-TTATCTTCGGTACCGGAAGC-3, (SEQ ID NO: 22), 58 ° C, 40 cycles,
- KvLQTl 5'-TGCGGATGCTGCATGTTGAT-3, (SEQ ID NO: 23), 5'-CAAACCCAGAGCCAAGTA TG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 24), 58 ° C, 40 cycles,
- ALB 5'-GCTTGCTGTGATMGCCAGT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 25), 5, -TGGCAGACAGATAGTCTTCC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 26), 58 ° C, 40 cycles,
- TD0 5'-CGATGAGAAGCGTCATGACT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 27), 5, -MCCAGGTACGATGAGAGGT-3, (SEQ ID NO: 28), 58 ° C, 40 cycles,
- TAT 5'-AATGAGATTCGAGACGGGCT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 29), 5, -TTCATCACAGTGGTAGTGCT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 30), 58 ° C, 40 cycles,
- G6P 5'-GTCAACGTATGGATTCCGGT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 31), 5, -GTTCTCCTTTGCAGCTCTTG-3, (SEQ ID NO: 32), 40 cycles of 58 ° Cs.
- glandular structure (mesoderm lineage), vascular endothelium Tissues of structure (ectoderm lineage), gut-like structure (endoderm lineage), and osteocyte-like structure (mesoderm lineage) were observed. From the above results, it was revealed that the established rat ES cells have a teratoma-forming ability, and that the formed teratoma has a trigerm (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) structure.
- the pCAG-EGFP gene was introduced into rat ES cells (WHG rat ES cells) by electroporation, and the pCAG-EGFP gene was integrated into the chromosome of a WHG rat ES cell line (hereinafter, pCAG-EGFP / WHGrES cells). (Referred to as a strain).
- genomic DNA was extracted from the GFP chimera rats.
- genomic PCR was performed by a conventional method using GFP-specific primers. The results are shown in FIG.
- a band of the GFP gene which was derived from pCAG-EGFP / WHGrES cells, was confirmed in all the examined organs except for thymus and blood vessels 3 except the spleen.
- no GFP gene band was found in the genome of the control (wild-type rat). Since the rat ES cells (P CAG-EGFP / WHGrES cells) derived from the gene as described above were included in each organization or cells, established rat ES cells that have a chimeric rats produced ability It became clear.
- the present invention provides rat ES cells.
- the established rat ES cells of the present invention enable the production of genetically modified rats (knock-out rats, knock-in rats, etc.) for the first time, and are used for pharmacological research and physiology in various fields including cancer and the cerebral nervous system. It can be widely used for research and even regenerative medicine. Sequence listing free text
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 2 is a PCR primer.
- the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 4 is obtained by PCR primers.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 5 is a PCR primer.
- the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 7 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 8 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 9 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 10 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 11 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 12 is a PCR primer.
- the nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 13 is a PCR primer.
- the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14 is a PCR primer.
- the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 16 is a PCR primer.
- the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 is a PCR primer′—.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 18 is a PCR primer.
- the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 20 is a PCR primer,-.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 21 is a PCR primer,-.
- the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 is a PCR primer, —.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 23 is a PCR primer,-.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 24 is a PCR primer,-.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 25 is a PCR primer,-.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 26 is a PCR primer,-.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 27 is a PCR primer, —.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 28 is a PCR primer,-.
- the nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 29 is a PCR primer.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 30 is a PCR primer,-.
- the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 31 is a PCR primer.
- the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32 is a PCR primer, —. .
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006510758A JP4862119B2 (ja) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-03-01 | ラット胚性幹細胞 |
EP05720113.9A EP1726640B1 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-03-01 | Rat embryonic stem cell |
KR1020067020332A KR101386690B1 (ko) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-03-01 | 래트 배아 줄기 세포 |
US10/591,407 US8137966B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-03-01 | Rat embryonic stem cell |
US13/370,795 US8628957B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2012-02-10 | Rat embryonic stem cell |
US14/132,969 US9700023B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2013-12-18 | Rat embryonic stem cell |
US15/645,636 US10561122B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2017-07-10 | Genetically modified rat derived from rat embryonic stem cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-061300 | 2004-03-04 | ||
JP2004061300 | 2004-03-04 | ||
JP2004-310465 | 2004-10-26 | ||
JP2004310465 | 2004-10-26 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/591,407 A-371-Of-International US8137966B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-03-01 | Rat embryonic stem cell |
US13/370,795 Division US8628957B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2012-02-10 | Rat embryonic stem cell |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005085427A1 true WO2005085427A1 (ja) | 2005-09-15 |
Family
ID=34921690
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/003841 WO2005085427A1 (ja) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-03-01 | ラット胚性幹細胞 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US8137966B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1726640B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4862119B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR20120091471A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005085427A1 (ja) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100838707B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-06-16 | 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 | 중신 줄기세포주 |
JP2009545302A (ja) * | 2006-08-01 | 2009-12-24 | ザ・ユニバーシティ・コート・オブ・ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・エディンバラ | ラットおよび他種由来の多能性細胞 |
WO2011068103A1 (ja) | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-09 | 独立行政法人国立がん研究センター | ラット胚性幹細胞を用いたキメララットの作製法 |
US9074180B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2015-07-07 | The University Court Of The University Of Edinburgh | Culture medium containing kinase inhibitors, and uses thereof |
JP2016507250A (ja) * | 2013-02-20 | 2016-03-10 | リジェネロン・ファーマシューティカルズ・インコーポレイテッドRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | ラットの遺伝子組換え |
KR20160055180A (ko) * | 2013-09-19 | 2016-05-17 | 크루셀 홀란드 비.브이. | 개선된 아데노바이러스 제형 |
JP2020167956A (ja) * | 2019-04-03 | 2020-10-15 | 学校法人東京医科大学 | 成熟組織の製造方法、および臓器の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050053586A1 (en) * | 2003-09-04 | 2005-03-10 | Bryan Conn | Entrapped stem cells and uses thereof |
EP1726640B1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2016-01-13 | Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. | Rat embryonic stem cell |
AU2013201718B2 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2015-04-16 | The University Court Of The University Of Edinburgh | Pluripotent cells from rat and other species |
GB0700478D0 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2007-02-21 | Stem Cell Sciences Australia P | Assay for cell culture media and medium supplements |
AU2008259939B2 (en) | 2007-06-01 | 2014-03-13 | Open Monoclonal Technology, Inc. | Compositions and methods for inhibiting endogenous immunoglobulin genes and producing transgenic human idiotype antibodies |
US20110067125A1 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2011-03-17 | The University Of Tokyo | Method for producing founder animal for reproducing animal having lethal phenotype caused by gene modification |
WO2010087459A1 (ja) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-05 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 幹細胞を用いた異種間胚胞キメラ動物の作製法 |
JP6208424B2 (ja) | 2012-12-05 | 2017-10-04 | 三星ディスプレイ株式會社Samsung Display Co.,Ltd. | フッ素置換されたアリール基を有するアミン誘導体、それを含む有機el材料及びそれを用いた有機el素子 |
RS62263B1 (sr) | 2013-04-16 | 2021-09-30 | Regeneron Pharma | Ciljana modifikacija genoma pacova |
RU2725520C2 (ru) | 2013-12-11 | 2020-07-02 | Регенерон Фармасьютикалс, Инк. | Способы и композиции для направленной модификации генома |
WO2018136823A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 | 2018-07-26 | Open Monoclonal Technology, Inc. | Human antibodies from transgenic rodents with multiple heavy chain immunoglobulin loci |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995006716A1 (en) | 1993-08-30 | 1995-03-09 | Northwestern University | Rat pluripotent embryonic stem cells and method of obtaining and using same |
WO1998030679A1 (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-16 | Life Technologies, Inc. | Embryonic stem cell serum replacement |
WO1999027076A1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-03 | Arc Genomic Research | Pluripotent embryonic stem cells and methods of obtaining them |
JP2002176973A (ja) | 2000-12-14 | 2002-06-25 | Shigeo Saito | 哺乳動物胚性幹細胞とその樹立方法並びにその継代培養方法 |
JP2004059705A (ja) | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-26 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 局部洗浄装置用洗浄剤 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5464764A (en) * | 1989-08-22 | 1995-11-07 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Positive-negative selection methods and vectors |
JPH05304951A (ja) | 1992-04-06 | 1993-11-19 | N T Sci:Kk | 初期胚及び胚性幹細胞の培養液 |
US7410798B2 (en) * | 2001-01-10 | 2008-08-12 | Geron Corporation | Culture system for rapid expansion of human embryonic stem cells |
JP2001231402A (ja) * | 2000-02-21 | 2001-08-28 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 前立腺癌発生モデルラット |
JP4148897B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-31 | 2008-09-10 | 旭化成株式会社 | 胚性幹細胞培養用基材および培養方法 |
EP1726640B1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2016-01-13 | Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. | Rat embryonic stem cell |
-
2005
- 2005-03-01 EP EP05720113.9A patent/EP1726640B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-03-01 KR KR1020127019774A patent/KR20120091471A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-01 KR KR1020067020332A patent/KR101386690B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-03-01 WO PCT/JP2005/003841 patent/WO2005085427A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-03-01 JP JP2006510758A patent/JP4862119B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-01 US US10/591,407 patent/US8137966B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-08-10 JP JP2011175116A patent/JP5588405B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-02-10 US US13/370,795 patent/US8628957B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-12-18 US US14/132,969 patent/US9700023B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-07-10 US US15/645,636 patent/US10561122B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995006716A1 (en) | 1993-08-30 | 1995-03-09 | Northwestern University | Rat pluripotent embryonic stem cells and method of obtaining and using same |
WO1998030679A1 (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-16 | Life Technologies, Inc. | Embryonic stem cell serum replacement |
WO1999027076A1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-03 | Arc Genomic Research | Pluripotent embryonic stem cells and methods of obtaining them |
JP2002176973A (ja) | 2000-12-14 | 2002-06-25 | Shigeo Saito | 哺乳動物胚性幹細胞とその樹立方法並びにその継代培養方法 |
JP2004059705A (ja) | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-26 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 局部洗浄装置用洗浄剤 |
Non-Patent Citations (33)
Title |
---|
"Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual.", 1989, COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY |
BRENIN, D. ET AL., DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, vol. 185, 1997, pages 124 - 125 |
CHAMBERS, I. ET AL., CELL, vol. 113, 2003, pages 643 - 655 |
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, vol. 163, 1994, pages 288 - 292 |
DONEHOWER, A.L. ET AL., NATURE, vol. 356, 1992, pages 215 - 221 |
DVORAK P. ET AL., INT. J. DEV. BIOL., vol. 39, 1995, pages 645 - 652 |
EVANS M. J. ET AL., NATURE, vol. 292, 1981, pages 154 - 156 |
GORDON J. W. ET AL., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA., vol. 77, 1980, pages 7380 - 7384 |
IANNACCONE P.M. ET AL: "Pluripotent embryonic stem cells from the rat are capable of producing chimeras.", DEV.BIOL., vol. 163, no. 1, 1994, pages 288 - 292, XP008096007 * |
IANNACCONE, P.M. ET AL., DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, vol. 163, 1994, pages 288 - 292 |
KAWAMORITA M. ET AL., HUM. CELL, vol. 15, 2002, pages 178 - 182 |
KAWAMORITA M. ET AL., HUM. CELL., vol. 15, 2002, pages 178 - 182 |
MITSUI, K. ET AL., CELL, vol. 113, 2003, pages 631 - 642 |
NATURE BIOTECH., vol. 20, 2002, pages 500 - 505 |
OKAMOTO, K. ET AL., CELL, vol. 60, 1990, pages 461 - 472 |
PEWZNER-JUNG, Y. ET AL., J. IMMUNOL., vol. 161, 1998, pages 4634 - 4645 |
ROY, S. ET AL., MOL. CELL. BIOL., vol. 18, 1998, pages 3947 - 3955 |
ROY. S. ET AL., MOL. CELL. BIOL., vol. 18, 1998, pages 3947 - 3955 |
SCHOLER, H.R. ET AL., EMBO J., vol. 9, 1990, pages 2185 - 2195 |
SCIENCE, vol. 296, 2002, pages 550 - 553 |
See also references of EP1726640A4 * |
STERNBERG N. ET AL., J. MOL. BIOL., vol. 150, 1981, pages 487 - 507 |
STERNBERG, N. ET AL., J. MOL. BIOL., vol. 150, 1981, pages 487 - 507 |
SUEMORI H ET AL., METHODS ENZYMOL., vol. 365, 2003, pages 419 - 429 |
SUMNER, A. T., CANCER GENET CYTOGENET., vol. 6, 1982, pages 59 - 87 |
SUMNER, A.T., CANCER GENET. CYTOGENET., vol. 6, 1982, pages 59 - 87 |
TAKAHAMA Y. ET AL: "Molecular cloning and functional analysis of cDNA encoding a rat leukemia inhibitory factor: towards generation of pluripotent rat embryonic stem cells.", ONCOGENE., vol. 16, no. 24, 1998, pages 3189 - 3196, XP008073657 * |
TAKAHAMA Y. ET AL: "Rat LIFcDNA no Cloning to soreni yoru Rat ES Saibo no Mibunkano no Iji.", THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SOCIETY OF JAPAN., vol. 20, 1997, pages 562, XP008096324 * |
THOMSON J.A. ET AL., CUR. TOP. DEV. BIOL., vol. 38, 1998, pages 133 - 165 |
THOMSON J.A. ET AL., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, vol. 92, 1995, pages 7844 - 7848 |
TISCORNIA, G. ET AL., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA., vol. 100, 2003, pages 1844 - 1848 |
VASSILLIEVA S. ET AL: "Establishment of SSEA-1- and Oct-4- expressing rat embryonic stem-like cell lines and effects of cytokines of the IL-6 family on clonal growth.", EXP.CELL RES., vol. 258, no. 2, 2000, pages 361 - 373, XP002232587 * |
YAMAMOTO H. ET AL., CANCER RES., vol. 62, 2002, pages 1641 - 1647 |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9074180B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2015-07-07 | The University Court Of The University Of Edinburgh | Culture medium containing kinase inhibitors, and uses thereof |
JP2013176400A (ja) * | 2006-08-01 | 2013-09-09 | Univ Court Of The Univ Of Edinburgh | ラットおよび他種由来の多能性細胞 |
JP2009545302A (ja) * | 2006-08-01 | 2009-12-24 | ザ・ユニバーシティ・コート・オブ・ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・エディンバラ | ラットおよび他種由来の多能性細胞 |
AU2007280216B2 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2012-12-20 | The University Court Of The University Of Edinburgh | Pluripotent cells from rat and other species |
US8431395B2 (en) | 2006-08-01 | 2013-04-30 | The University Court Of The University Of Edinburgh | Pluripotent cells from rat and other species |
KR100838707B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-06-16 | 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 | 중신 줄기세포주 |
CN102762717A (zh) * | 2009-12-01 | 2012-10-31 | 日本国立癌症研究中心 | 使用大鼠胚胎干细胞构建嵌合大鼠的方法 |
WO2011068103A1 (ja) | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-09 | 独立行政法人国立がん研究センター | ラット胚性幹細胞を用いたキメララットの作製法 |
US9309537B2 (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2016-04-12 | National Cancer Center | Chimeric rat produced using rat embryonic stem cells in the presence of an ES cell differentiation suppressant |
JP2016507250A (ja) * | 2013-02-20 | 2016-03-10 | リジェネロン・ファーマシューティカルズ・インコーポレイテッドRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | ラットの遺伝子組換え |
KR20160055180A (ko) * | 2013-09-19 | 2016-05-17 | 크루셀 홀란드 비.브이. | 개선된 아데노바이러스 제형 |
KR102258348B1 (ko) | 2013-09-19 | 2021-05-31 | 얀센 백신스 앤드 프리벤션 비.브이. | 개선된 아데노바이러스 제형 |
JP2020167956A (ja) * | 2019-04-03 | 2020-10-15 | 学校法人東京医科大学 | 成熟組織の製造方法、および臓器の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8137966B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
KR20120091471A (ko) | 2012-08-17 |
EP1726640A4 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
US8628957B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 |
KR20070007120A (ko) | 2007-01-12 |
JP2012024088A (ja) | 2012-02-09 |
JP4862119B2 (ja) | 2012-01-25 |
JP5588405B2 (ja) | 2014-09-10 |
US20170311578A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
EP1726640A1 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
US10561122B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
US20070186293A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
EP1726640B1 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
US20120142092A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
US20140109247A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
US9700023B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
JPWO2005085427A1 (ja) | 2008-01-24 |
KR101386690B1 (ko) | 2014-04-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10561122B2 (en) | Genetically modified rat derived from rat embryonic stem cell | |
JP5686357B2 (ja) | iPS細胞などの多能性細胞とBLASTOCYSTCOMPLEMENTATIONを利用した臓器再生法 | |
JP5807862B2 (ja) | ラット胚性幹細胞を用いたキメララットの作製法 | |
EP1734112A1 (en) | Method of proliferating pluripotent stem cell | |
US20130276154A1 (en) | Bank of stem cells for producing cells for transplantation having HLA antigens matching those of transplant recipients, and methods for making and using such a stem cell bank | |
CN104024404A (zh) | 单倍体细胞 | |
JP6827250B2 (ja) | 多能性幹細胞再樹立法 | |
CA2505598A1 (en) | A bank of stem cells for transplantation | |
US20070204357A1 (en) | Process for producing normal parenchymal cells, tissues or organs by bioincubator | |
WO2021200768A1 (ja) | ヒト染色体の分散方法、単離方法、およびその動物胚への移植方法 | |
정경민 | Studies on primordial germ cell-mediated genome editing and single-cell transcriptome profiling in zebra finch | |
JP2000228930A (ja) | 不死化遺伝子を導入したトランスジェニックラット | |
Davies et al. | Embryonic stem cells and the capture of pluripotency | |
Zhao et al. | Establishment of ESC Lines Derived from Mice, Rats, and Primate |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006510758 Country of ref document: JP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2005720113 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020067020332 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2005720113 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10591407 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 2007186293 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020067020332 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10591407 Country of ref document: US |