WO2005073794A1 - 反転型の磁気表示パネル - Google Patents
反転型の磁気表示パネル Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005073794A1 WO2005073794A1 PCT/JP2005/000653 JP2005000653W WO2005073794A1 WO 2005073794 A1 WO2005073794 A1 WO 2005073794A1 JP 2005000653 W JP2005000653 W JP 2005000653W WO 2005073794 A1 WO2005073794 A1 WO 2005073794A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- specific gravity
- display panel
- micromagnet
- micro
- liquid
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/37—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements
- G09F9/375—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements the position of the elements being controlled by the application of a magnetic field
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
- G02F1/094—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect based on magnetophoretic effect
Definitions
- the present invention provides a method in which a dispersion liquid containing micromagnets having different colors on the front and back sides is enclosed in a liquid containing a dispersion medium and a thickener as main components between substrates, and the micromagnets are inverted.
- the present invention also relates to an inversion type magnetic display panel that forms a handwriting by a difference in color contrast between an inverted micromagnet and a micromagnet that is not inverted.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of a writing board using an inverted magnetic display panel.
- an inverted magnetic display panel 1 has a use as a writing board A, such as a blackboard or a whiteboard, and is sometimes used in an upright state.
- a plurality of independent small chambers 6 as shown in FIG. 3 are formed by a no-cam plate 5 provided between the front substrate 2 and the rear substrate 3, and the small chambers 6 are formed. Each of them is filled with a dispersion liquid 4 in which micro magnets 7 are dispersed.
- Writing on the magnetic display panel 1 formed in this manner is performed by using a writing magnet pen B (moving in the direction of the arrow on the display surface 2a), as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. ).
- the micromagnet 7 in the portion where the writing magnet pen B has moved is inverted, and the handwriting is formed by the color contrast difference of the micromagnet 7 without being inverted from the inverted micromagnet 7a.
- Reference numeral 10 denotes a back plate material, which has a structure in which a cushioning material 12 is held between two iron plates 11.
- the eraser C which is arranged so that the same magnetic pole (N pole in Fig. 7) as the magnetic pole on the front side of the micromagnet 7 with the inverted 3 faces the front substrate 2 across the surface substrate 2, forms a handwriting (the inverted micromagnet Move on surface substrate 2 (on 7a).
- the inverted micromagnet 7a forming the handwriting is again inverted, and the handwriting is erased.
- Patent Document 2 which describes an invention relating to a “magnetophoretic display panel”, describes a technique for making magnetic particles porous, and the size of the force magnetic particles is 10 to 150 m.
- a micromagnet in an inversion type magnetic display panel includes a magnetic layer on a first layer in which a coloring agent such as titanium oxide is dispersed in an epoxy resin or the like. It is obtained by applying a second magnetic layer composed of powder and a colorant such as carbon black. At this time, the magnetic powder had a size of 12 m and was mixed only by a weight of less than about 10% of the weight as the micro magnet. Even if the technology described in Patent Document 2 is adopted, it is not possible to reduce the specific gravity of the micromagnet to solve the above-mentioned problem.
- Patent Document 3 proposes that plastic particles containing magnetic powder be dispersed in a dispersion medium and used as a suspension to improve the performance as a magnet reader. This is because the magnetic particles are particles having a specific gravity smaller than that of conventional metal particles, causing the particles to settle out in the solvent, redispersing the particles each time they are used, and observing the magnetic flux distribution over a long period of time. Is a disclosure that solves problems such as the need to keep the display surface horizontal.
- this technology requires a very small sensitivity when used as a magnet reader, and does not add a thickener to the dispersion medium to give a yield value.
- the plastic particles containing the magnetic powder at the time of writing agglomerate, and a clear writing line cannot be obtained. Also, the plastic particles containing the magnetic powder do not become micro magnets of the reversal type magnetic display panel in the first place.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-32796
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-7532
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-61-179423
- a reversal type magnetic display panel when used in an upright state, micromagnets of a dispersion liquid sealed in a number of small chambers formed between substrates are repeatedly written and erased by Z-writing.
- the ratio between the specific gravity of the micromagnet in the dispersed liquid and the specific gravity of the liquid is reduced, so that a multipole magnet with N and S poles arranged at a specific magnetization pitch Until the (maintenance plate) is needed Writing Z erase times It is an object of the present invention to provide a reversal type magnetic display panel whose number can be greatly improved and good display / erasing performance can be obtained.
- the present invention provides a method in which a dispersion liquid containing micromagnets of different colors on the front and back sides is enclosed in a liquid containing a dispersion medium and a thickener as main components between substrates, and the micromagnets are inverted.
- a reversal type magnetic display panel in which handwriting is formed by a difference in color contrast between a reversed micromagnet and a non-reversed micromagnet, hollow particles are mixed in the micromagnet, and residual magnets per unit mass of the micromagnet are present.
- the present invention provides a reversible magnetic panel characterized in that the ratio is 1.0 to 23. lA'm 2 / kg.
- the present invention provides a reversal type magnetic panel, wherein the specific gravity of the micromagnet is 0.9-2.2 relative to the specific gravity of a liquid containing a dispersion medium and a thickener as main components. .
- the present invention provides a reversible magnetic panel, wherein the specific gravity of the micromagnet is 1.0 to 1.9 with respect to the specific gravity of a liquid containing a dispersion medium and a thickener as main components. I do.
- the magnetic display panel in which the dispersion liquid is sealed between the substrates means that, as long as the dispersion liquid is sealed between the substrates, a large number of independent small chambers are generally provided between the substrates. It was formed, the dispersion liquid was put in each chamber, and the periphery was sealed with a veneer or an adhesive.
- the small chamber is formed by interposing a multi-cell plate having a honeycomb structure between the substrates, by providing a large number of depressions on one substrate, or by integrally providing a partition portion on one substrate. can do.
- the dispersion liquid may be encapsulated in microcapsules, and the microcapsule may be provided between the substrates to thereby encapsulate the dispersion liquid between the substrates.
- the specific gravity of the micromagnet is naturally larger than the specific gravity of the liquid in which the micromagnet is dispersed. Can not prevent sedimentation of micro magnets.
- the specific gravity of micromagnets in conventional reversal-type magnetic display panels The specific gravity of the Z liquid is 2.5, and when this ratio exceeds 2.2, as will be described later, the N pole at a specific magnetization pitch It is not possible to significantly improve the number of times of writing and Z erasure until a multi-pole magnet with an array of S poles is required.
- the specific gravity of the liquid was determined by a specific gravity bottle method.
- the micromagnet exists in the liquid and the ratio of the specific gravity of the liquid to the specific gravity of the micromagnet is important, it is necessary to determine the true specific gravity of the micromagnet.
- the Le Chatelier pycnometer method can be used, but since the actual volume of the sample is required to be 29 ml or more, in this example, the specific gravity can be measured with a small amount. Measurements were made with the modifier.
- the specific gravity adjusting agent used was sodium polytungstate. In the field of mineral processing and writing instruments, the specific gravity was adjusted by adding it to the ink to suppress the sedimentation of pigments with a large specific gravity, such as titanium oxide. Used for
- a surfactant may be appropriately added to improve the wettability.
- the micromagnet has a remanence of magnetic properties per unit mass in the following range.
- the remanent magnetization is necessary for the micromagnet to change its direction to the external magnetic field as quickly as possible, and greatly contributes to the reversibility of the micromagnet.
- OA'm tend to be difficult to reversal is less than 2 / kg, 23.
- LA'm there a 2 / kg tended to each other is exceeded and micro-magnets tend to aggregate, satisfactory display and erasure Performance cannot be obtained.
- a micro magnet having a low specific gravity is used in the reversal-type magnetic display panel. Therefore, even when the micro magnet is used in an upright state, the micro magnet is formed between the enclosed substrates. Since it is not easy to lean to the upper or lower side of each small chamber, by reducing the ratio of the specific gravity of the micro magnet to the specific gravity of the liquid, a multi-pole magnet with N and S poles arranged at a specific magnetization pitch The number of uses of writing Z erasing until it is needed can be greatly increased, and good display and erasing performance can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of a writing board using a reversal type magnetic display panel.
- FIG. 2 is a partial view schematically showing a longitudinal section of a writing board.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state of a small chamber between substrates of the magnetic display panel.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a dispersion state of micromagnets of a dispersion liquid in a small chamber.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a dispersion state of the micromagnets of the dispersion liquid in the small chamber, showing a state where the micromagnets are biased to the lower side of the small chamber.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of magnets in a maintenance plate.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a use state of an eraser and a maintenance plate.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a cleaner, (a) is an external view of the cleaner, and (b) is a view showing an assembled state of the cleaner.
- the reversal type magnetic display panel according to the present invention comprises a micromagnet containing hollow particles and having a remanent magnetization per unit mass of 1.0-23.
- a dispersion liquid is prepared by dispersing in a liquid serving as a main component, and the dispersion liquid is obtained by enclosing the dispersion liquid between substrates in which a large number of small chambers are formed.
- ferrite rare earth cobalt
- the liquid containing a dispersion medium and a thickener as main components has an appropriate yield value and viscosity.
- Preferred dispersion media include polar dispersion media such as water and glycols. Any of non-polar dispersion media such as organic solvents and oils can be used. Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, especially isoparaffinic solvents, are preferred because they exhibit good properties.
- the thickener is used mainly for obtaining a yield value of the dispersion liquid, and can be used by selecting an inorganic substance such as silicon dioxide, or a fatty acid bisamide, hydrogenated castor oil, or N-amino acid amide.
- an inorganic substance such as silicon dioxide, or a fatty acid bisamide, hydrogenated castor oil, or N-amino acid amide.
- finely powdered silicates and finely powdered silicates such as anhydrous silicic acid, hydrated silicate, hydrated calcium silicate, hydrated aluminum silicate, silica powder, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, hard clay, soft clay, bentonite, and organic bentonite.
- aqueous thickener examples include natural polysaccharides such as guar gum and xanthan gum, and synthetic thickeners such as a cross-linked acrylic acid polymer, and these thickeners can be used alone or in combination. .
- the yield value has an effect of properly dispersing the micromagnets in the dispersion liquid and holding the micromagnets near the surface during display.
- the hollow particles mixed in the small magnet have an average particle size of about 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m. Is preferred. Specifically, acrylic copolymers, styrene copolymers, styrene-acrylic copolymers, styrene-butadiene-based copolymers, cross-linked products thereof, and glass beads can be used.
- the liquid in which the micromagnets are dispersed may be either transparent or translucent.
- a translucent liquid is prepared by adding a coloring agent such as a dye, a pigment, or a fluorescent dye.
- the dispersion liquid of the present invention may be added with an antistatic agent, a preservative, and a power-proofing agent, if desired.
- Epoxy resin epoxy emulsion having a molecular weight of about 3000 28.5% by weight
- Colorant white pigment aqueous dispersion
- Hollow particles styrene-acrylic copolymer aqueous dispersion
- the white ink is applied on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate resin) film having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m with a wire bar, and a layer having a thickness of 18.0 m after drying is provided.
- the epoxy ⁇ (molecular weight of about 3000 epoxy ⁇ ) 27.7 wt% magnetic powder (strontium ferrite) 9. 8 weight 0/0 polymeric dispersant 0.1 wt% colorant (green pigment dispersion Body) 44.0% by weight Methyl ethyl ketone 18.4% by weight
- the green ink was applied on a white ink layer containing the hollow particles with a wire bar to form a magnetic layer.
- the magnetic layer was magnetized on the side of the white ink layer on the side of the white ink layer and on the opposite side thereof on the side of the N pole, peeled off with a PET film, and crushed with a crusher to obtain a fine magnet.
- the specific gravity of this micromagnet was measured by the measurement method described above, and was 1.3, and the thickness was 21 / zm.
- the remanent magnetization is VIBRATING SAMPLE MAGNETOMET It was 1. OA'm 2 Zkg when measured using ER VSM-P7.
- a thickening agent composed of ethylene bis-12-hydroxystearic acid amide is added to a dispersion medium having an isoparaffinic solvent power, an antistatic agent is further added, and the mixture is stirred. A liquid was prepared.
- Dispersant isoparaffinic hydrocarbon
- 97.9 wt% thickener ethylenebis - 12-hydroxystearic acid amide
- 2.0 wt 0/0 antistatic agents polymeric nitrogen-containing, and sulfur-containing compounds
- the specific gravity of the liquid was measured by the above-mentioned measuring method and found to be 0.8.
- the micromagnet prepared above was dispersed in this liquid to obtain a dispersion liquid.
- this dispersion liquid When the yield value of this dispersion liquid was measured by a direct method using a B-type viscometer, it was 1. ON / m 2 . Specific gravity of the micro magnet The specific gravity of the Z liquid was 1.6.
- a 1.3 mm thick polychlorinated vinyl honeycomb having a cell wall thickness of 0.04 mm and a cell dimension of 4 mm was mounted on a 0.3 mm thick transparent substrate made of polychlorinated vinyl chloride with an ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion adhesive.
- the dispersion liquid was poured into the display panel member adhered using the above method, and a 0.08 mm-thick polychlorinated vinyl transparent substrate was adhered thereon using an epoxy adhesive to form a reversible mold of the present invention.
- micromagnets having the thickness, specific gravity, and remanent magnetization values as shown in Examples 2-9 of Tables 1 and 2 and the examples shown in Examples 2-9 of Tables 1 and 2 are shown.
- a liquid having such a specific gravity was prepared, and the micromagnet was dispersed in the liquid to obtain a dispersion liquid.
- Table 2 shows the values of the thickness, specific gravity and residual magnetization value of the micromagnet, the specific gravity of the liquid, the yield value of the dispersed liquid, and the specific gravity of the micromagnet.
- the specific gravity of the micro magnet was 2.5.
- a micromagnet having a thickness, a specific gravity and a remanent magnetization value as shown in Table 2 and a liquid having a specific gravity as shown in Table 2 were prepared, and the micromagnet was dispersed in the liquid to obtain a dispersion liquid. .
- each reversal type magnetic display panel was manufactured.
- Table 2 shows the yield value of each dispersion liquid and the specific gravity of the micromagnets.
- Example 119 The reversal type magnetic display panels of Example 119 and Comparative Example 113 were formed on a writing board, and the following tests were performed and evaluated.
- a magnet having a loop diameter of 80 mm and a rotation speed of 120 rpm was used at a moving speed of 100 mZsec over the panel using a magnet having a diameter of 2 mm and a surface magnetic flux density of 118 mT.
- the panel is reciprocated from the left corner to the right corner or from the right corner to the left corner at a moving speed of 300 mmZsec using a laser for erasing handwriting with a magnet force of surface magnetic flux density of 64 mT.
- the surface magnetic flux density of 75mT Using Cleaner E move back and forth from the left corner to the right corner or right corner of the panel three times at a moving speed of 600 mZsec on the panel.
- the written Z is erased, and the sedimentation state of the minute magnets of the inverted magnetic display panel is visually checked.
- the reason for using the cleaner E is that, when writing Z erasure is repeated a predetermined number of times or more, in order to erase the handwriting, even if the micromagnet 7a inverted using the eraser C is re-inverted, In the case of a single pole (for example, N pole), there may be cases where the magnets may tilt without being inverted well.If the number of such poorly inverted magnets increases, clear handwriting Z erasure can be obtained. Because it is gone.
- reference numeral 16 denotes a resin case
- reference numeral 17 denotes a protective sheet member
- a vibrant line with a faint or unclear portion was evaluated as good ( ⁇ ), and a blurred or unclear portion on the line was poor (X).
- the writing until the minute magnet is shifted to the upper side or the lower side of the small chamber is compared with the conventional inversion type magnetic display panel.
- the number of times was more than doubled, and it was recognized that the number was improved.
- the number of times of writing and erasing is more than four times that of the conventional one. It is.
- the effect is further improved by setting the specific gravity of the micromagnet to be 1.0-1.9 with respect to the specific gravity of the liquid containing the dispersion medium and the thickener as the main component. Erase The number of times is more than 10 times that of the past.
- Comparative Example 1 is a micromagnet in a conventional reversal type magnetic display panel. Since there are no hollow particles, the specific gravity of the micromagnet Z The numerical value of the specific gravity of the liquid is as high as 2.5. About 500 times after Z erasure, a small chamber with micro magnets biased upward or downward appeared.
- Comparative Example 2 which hollow particles are mixed into micro-magnets, although the number of writing Z erasure is four times the past, residual magnetization be 30. lA'm 2 / kg During repeated writing / erasing, the micromagnets aggregated and the handwriting was blurred, and the display / erasing performance of the magnetic display panel was unsatisfactory.
- Comparative Example 3 Although micromagnets were mixed with hollow particles, the remanent magnetization was 0.8 A ⁇ m 2 Zkg, and the reversal of the micromagnets was not performed smoothly. In addition, the display / erasing performance of the magnetic display panel was not satisfactory.
- the minute magnets contained in the dispersion liquid sealed between the substrates due to repeated writing Z erasure are offset, and a specific magnetization pitch is obtained.
- the number of Z-writes until a multi-pole magnet with N and S poles is required is greatly improved, and good display and erasing performance can be obtained.
- the number of times of returning work can be reduced, which is effective for use as a writing board for a clean room or a large writing board.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/585,969 US20080274445A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 | 2005-01-20 | Reversal Magnetic Display Panel |
JP2005517419A JP4632254B2 (ja) | 2004-01-29 | 2005-01-20 | 反転型の磁気表示パネル |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-021122 | 2004-01-29 | ||
JP2004021122 | 2004-01-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005073794A1 true WO2005073794A1 (ja) | 2005-08-11 |
Family
ID=34823781
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/000653 WO2005073794A1 (ja) | 2004-01-29 | 2005-01-20 | 反転型の磁気表示パネル |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080274445A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4632254B2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200532605A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005073794A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7712226B1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2010-05-11 | Stearns David R | Grid system apparatus |
CN102779468B (zh) * | 2012-07-19 | 2014-07-09 | 张清华 | 机动车的指南体阵列显示外壳 |
US9095939B2 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-08-04 | Earth Magnets Mfg. (Kai Ping) Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing magnetic drawing board |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5932796A (ja) * | 1982-08-16 | 1984-02-22 | Nikki Koji Kk | 熱交換器のチユ−ブ内面清掃方法 |
JPS61179423A (ja) * | 1985-02-05 | 1986-08-12 | Taihoo Kogyo Kk | 磁気光学素子用磁性懸濁液 |
JPH02193185A (ja) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-07-30 | Pilot Corp:The | 磁気泳動表示パネル |
JP2001281710A (ja) * | 2000-01-26 | 2001-10-10 | Pilot Corp | 磁性体反転表示パネル |
JP2003015170A (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2003-01-15 | Pilot Corp | 磁性体反転表示パネル |
JP2003280045A (ja) * | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-02 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気泳動分散液および電気泳動装置、電子機器 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3406363A (en) * | 1966-05-26 | 1968-10-15 | Clarence R. Tate | Multicolored micromagnets |
US3426453A (en) * | 1967-05-22 | 1969-02-11 | Ibm | Magnetic display device |
US4232084A (en) * | 1978-01-25 | 1980-11-04 | Thalatta, Inc. | Sheets containing microencapsulated color-coded micromagnets |
JPS5932796B2 (ja) * | 1979-12-11 | 1984-08-10 | 株式会社パイロット | 磁石反転表示磁気パネル |
JPS56120396A (en) * | 1980-02-28 | 1981-09-21 | Pilot Pen Co Ltd | Panel for magnetic display |
US4931019A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1990-06-05 | Pennwalt Corporation | Electrostatic image display apparatus |
US5295837A (en) * | 1989-11-16 | 1994-03-22 | The Ohio Art Company | Magnetic visual display |
US5057363A (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1991-10-15 | Japan Capsular Products Inc. | Magnetic display system |
JP4026696B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 2007-12-26 | パイロットインキ株式会社 | 磁気表示装置 |
US6419498B1 (en) * | 2000-01-26 | 2002-07-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Pilot | Magnetic material-inverting display panel |
-
2005
- 2005-01-20 US US10/585,969 patent/US20080274445A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-01-20 WO PCT/JP2005/000653 patent/WO2005073794A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-01-20 JP JP2005517419A patent/JP4632254B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-01-28 TW TW094102690A patent/TW200532605A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5932796A (ja) * | 1982-08-16 | 1984-02-22 | Nikki Koji Kk | 熱交換器のチユ−ブ内面清掃方法 |
JPS61179423A (ja) * | 1985-02-05 | 1986-08-12 | Taihoo Kogyo Kk | 磁気光学素子用磁性懸濁液 |
JPH02193185A (ja) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-07-30 | Pilot Corp:The | 磁気泳動表示パネル |
JP2001281710A (ja) * | 2000-01-26 | 2001-10-10 | Pilot Corp | 磁性体反転表示パネル |
JP2003015170A (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2003-01-15 | Pilot Corp | 磁性体反転表示パネル |
JP2003280045A (ja) * | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-02 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気泳動分散液および電気泳動装置、電子機器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080274445A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
JPWO2005073794A1 (ja) | 2007-09-13 |
TW200532605A (en) | 2005-10-01 |
JP4632254B2 (ja) | 2011-02-16 |
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