WO2005071808A1 - 面発光レーザ - Google Patents
面発光レーザ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005071808A1 WO2005071808A1 PCT/JP2005/000842 JP2005000842W WO2005071808A1 WO 2005071808 A1 WO2005071808 A1 WO 2005071808A1 JP 2005000842 W JP2005000842 W JP 2005000842W WO 2005071808 A1 WO2005071808 A1 WO 2005071808A1
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- light
- emitting laser
- layer
- surface emitting
- bragg reflector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/065—Mode locking; Mode suppression; Mode selection ; Self pulsating
- H01S5/0651—Mode control
- H01S5/0653—Mode suppression, e.g. specific multimode
- H01S5/0655—Single transverse or lateral mode emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18386—Details of the emission surface for influencing the near- or far-field, e.g. a grating on the surface
- H01S5/18391—Aperiodic structuring to influence the near- or far-field distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/18—Semiconductor lasers with special structural design for influencing the near- or far-field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/026—Monolithically integrated components, e.g. waveguides, monitoring photo-detectors, drivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/068—Stabilisation of laser output parameters
- H01S5/0683—Stabilisation of laser output parameters by monitoring the optical output parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1082—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region with a special facet structure, e.g. structured, non planar, oblique
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
- H01S5/18311—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement using selective oxidation
- H01S5/18313—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement using selective oxidation by oxidizing at least one of the DBR layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/2054—Methods of obtaining the confinement
- H01S5/2095—Methods of obtaining the confinement using melting or mass transport
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vertical cavity surface emitting laser that outputs fundamental transverse mode light.
- VSELs Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
- VCSELs Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers
- VCSELs have lower manufacturing costs and higher manufacturing yields than secondary lasers, compared to end-surface type lasers. It has many advantages, such as being easy to use, and has been actively developed in recent years.
- the current confinement region in order to obtain a single fundamental transverse mode in an oxidation current confinement type surface emitting laser, the current confinement region must be reduced to about 5 / ⁇ or less.
- the current confinement region is reduced, both the element resistance and the thermal resistance increase, and there is a problem that sufficient output cannot be obtained due to the influence of heat generation.
- a dielectric film is formed on the outermost surface of the peripheral portion in the stacking direction, and a so-called anti-reflection (AR) coat is applied.
- AR anti-reflection
- There is a technique for suppressing the occurrence of higher-order transverse modes by lowering the reflectivity of the DBR for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-022271 (Document 3)).
- the reflection of the peripheral DBR is substantially achieved.
- There is a technique for suppressing the occurrence of higher-order transverse modes by reducing the rate see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-353562 (Document 4)).
- a high concentration of a dopant is introduced into the periphery to increase carrier absorption, and a DBR is formed by thermal annealing to cause interdiffusion of elements, thereby causing reflection of the DBR.
- reducing the rate itself for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-124570 (Document 5) and Utility Model Registration No. 3091855 (Document 6)).
- the light emitting element When a light emitting element is used in a system, the light emitting element is often controlled so that the average light emission intensity of the light emitting element is kept constant.
- the light emitting element In the case of an end-face type laser, light emitted from both end faces is emitted. By monitoring the emission intensity of the light emitted from one end face, it is possible to control the average emission intensity of the light-emitting element to be kept constant.
- a VCSEL basically has a structure in which light is emitted in only one direction. Since the emitted light is used for coupling with the optical fiber, the emission intensity of the VCSEL is monitored. Was difficult to control. The emission intensity of the VCSEL is monitored by splitting the emitted light with a half mirror or the like. However, in this case, it is difficult to completely eliminate the return of the emitted light to the VCSEL, which causes the fluctuation of the oscillation intensity.
- An object of the present invention is to enable the intensity of light emitted in one direction from a surface emitting laser to be monitored with a simple structure.
- Another object is to suppress higher-order transverse mode oscillation of the surface emitting laser.
- a surface emitting laser includes a substrate of a first conductivity type and a first Bragg reflector of the first conductivity type formed on the substrate of the first conductivity type.
- An active layer formed on the first Bragg reflector layer and having a light emitting region; and a second conductive type formed on the active layer and emitting light in the optical axis direction from the surface.
- the monitor light extracting means may be a light scattering means formed in a partial area of the surface of the second Bragg reflector and scattering the emitted light.
- the second Bragg reflector layer can be provided with a low-reflectance region having a lower reflectance at the periphery than at the center.
- the intensity of light emitted in the negative direction from the surface emitting laser can be monitored.
- light scattering means on the surface of the second Bragg reflector, light for monitoring can be extracted with a simple structure. Light scattering means is formed around the surface of the second Bragg reflector, and a low-reflectance region is provided around the second Bragg reflector layer. Light for monitoring can be extracted while suppressing the occurrence of light.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a VCSEL device illustrating an outline of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a VCSEL device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a VCSEL device according to a first configuration example of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a VCSEL device according to a second configuration example of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a VCSEL device according to a third configuration example of the present invention.
- the surface emitting laser (VCSEL) includes a first conductive type first DBR layer 102, an active layer 104, and a second conductive type oxidation current confined on the surface of a first conductive type substrate 101.
- a second electrode 111 formed on the back surface of the substrate 101 and electrically connected thereto.
- a light scatterer 110 that scatters outgoing light in a direction intersecting the direction of the optical axis Z is provided around the light emitting surface of the second DBR layer 107. It is provided.
- the light scatterer 110 functions as a monitor light extracting unit that extracts light emitted in the higher-order transverse mode as scattered light 115 to the outside and uses it as monitor light.
- the laser light 116 emitted from the center of the light emitting surface of the second DBR layer 107 in the direction of the optical axis Z is coupled to the optical fiber, and the scattered light 115 serving as monitor light is installed near this VCSEL. So that it can be detected with a photodetector. For this reason, it is desirable that the scattered light 115 be scattered in a direction as large as possible with respect to the direction of the optical axis Z.
- the outer periphery (peripheral portion) of the center of light emission of the second DBR layer 107 is compared with the center of light emission.
- a low reflectance region 108 having a low reflectance is formed.
- the mutual diffusion of the multilayer film forming the second DBR layer 107 can be used.
- Multi-layer interdiffusion refers to the phenomenon in which nuclear power and the layers that make up a multilayer film diffuse into each other.
- a GaAs / AlAs multilayer film initially has a structure in which Ga and A1 alternately and steeply change at the interface, but when they are mutually diffused, Ga and A1 are mixed near the interface.
- Ga and A1 alternately and steeply change at the interface, but when they are mutually diffused, Ga and A1 are mixed near the interface.
- the AlAs layer looks like AlGaAs, and the reflectance starts to decrease. Going further
- the GaAs layer becomes an Al Ga As layer if the thickness of each layer is equal.
- the AlAs layer also becomes an AlGaAs layer, and the layers can no longer be distinguished. Then, many It does not function as a layer reflection film. In forming the low reflectance region 108, it is not always necessary to perform the mutual diffusion until the components of the respective layers become the same.
- the electric resistance at the periphery is much higher than the electric resistance at the center.
- the current confinement layer 106 is provided to allow a current to flow intensively at the center.
- the opening width 113 of the current confinement layer 112 (ie, the opening width of the current confinement layer 106) 112 is narrower.
- the light-emitting region that emits light in the active layer 104 at the time of current injection becomes an elliptical region 114 due to the opening width 112 of the current confinement layer 112.
- the VCSEL according to the present embodiment includes a first conductive type first DBR layer 102, a first conductive type lower cladding layer 103, an active layer 104, a second conductive type A multilayer structure in which a conductive upper cladding layer 105, a second conductive type oxidation current confinement layer 106, and a second conductive type second DBR layer 107 are sequentially stacked, and a surface of the second DBR layer 107 ( Light-emitting surface) It has a first electrode 109 that is electrically connected, and a second electrode 111 that is formed on the back surface of the substrate 101 and is electrically connected thereto.
- the first and second DBR layers 102 and 107 are both formed of a multilayer film of a low refractive index layer 1021 and a high refractive index layer 1022.
- the number of pairs of the low-refractive-index layer 1021 and the high-refractive-index layer 1022 is usually set to make the reflectivity of the second DBR layer 107 on the emission side smaller than that of the first DBR layer 102.
- the number of pairs in the second DBR layer 107 is set to be smaller than the number of pairs in the first DBR layer.
- the resonance section includes a lower cladding layer 103, an active layer 104, and an upper cladding layer 105.
- the active layer 104 is disposed at a portion corresponding to the antinode of the electric field strength of the resonance section.
- the active layer 104 is disposed at a portion corresponding to a node of the electric field strength of the resonance portion. The reason is to prevent the light confinement effect from becoming too large due to a large refractive index difference between the oxide film of the current confinement layer 106 and the semiconductor forming the resonance portion.
- the opening width 112 of the current confinement layer 106 is largely related to the lateral mode of the VCSEL, and requires precise control.
- a light scatterer 110 for extracting monitor light to the outside is arranged around the optical axis Z.
- the light scatterer 110 preferably has a structure that scatters light in the peripheral direction.
- a Fresnel lens or the like can be used as the light scatterer 110.
- a low reflectivity which is a lower reflectivity than the center of light emission, is provided around the center of light emission of the second DBR layer 107 (peripheral portion).
- An area 108 has been formed.
- the low reflectivity region 108 has the same central axis as the current confinement layer 106, and the inner diameter (opening width) 113 surrounded by the low reflectivity region 108 is smaller than the opening width 112 of the current confinement layer 106.
- the low reflectance region 108 is formed by mutual diffusion between the multilayer films constituting the second DBR layer 107.
- a light scatterer 110 that scatters emitted light is provided around the optical axis Z and around the surface of the second DBR layer 107. As a result, the reflectance of this portion becomes lower than the reflectance of the central portion.
- the basic transverse mode is in the center and the higher-order transverse mode is in the peripheral area where the electric field strength is strong. Have a minute.
- the opening width 112 of the current confinement layer 106 is determined by the light scatterer on the light emitting surface of the second DBR layer 107.
- the width of the region (the opening width of the light scatterer 110) is larger than the width 113. Therefore, the light emitting region in active layer 104 is wider than opening width 113 of light scatterer 110. For this reason, in the peripheral portion of the light emitting surface where the light scatterer 110 that scatters the emitted light is disposed, the higher-order transverse mode does not reach the gain required for oscillation, but generates a considerable amount of light.
- This light is wavelength-filtered as it passes through the second DBR layer 107. Due to resonance with the first DBR layer 102, only light having a wavelength near the oscillation wavelength of the VCSEL is emitted to the outside through the light scatterer 110. The light emitted to the outside becomes scattered light 115. It is preferable that this scattered light 115 is efficiently extracted to the outside as monitor light. It is preferable that the scattered light 115 be deviated from the direction of the optical axis Z of the laser as far as possible to the outer periphery.
- a low reflectance region 108 having a low reflectance is provided around the second DBR layer 107. To form This makes it more difficult for the higher-order transverse mode to oscillate.
- the high-order transverse mode light generated in the periphery passes through the low-reflectance region 108, but more light becomes scattered light 115 to the outside due to the decrease in the reflectance in the low-reflectance region 108. It is emitted.
- the spectrum of light transmitted through the second DBR layer 107 is broad, close to the electroluminescence of the active layer 104.
- the reason is that the presence of the low reflectance region 108 reduces the stop band width of the second DBR layer 107, and at the same time, reduces the maximum reflectance itself over the entire stop band width.
- the light coming out of 10 becomes large in terms of spectrally wide integrated intensity, and can be monitored externally.
- the light transmittance is 1% or less (the reflectivity is 99./. Or more).
- electron beam irradiation was performed only on the periphery so that the DBR at the center of the emission did not diffuse into each other.
- the interdiffusion of the multilayer film is caused by using the abnormal diffusion in the region where the line irradiation has been performed.
- the DBR is changed to AlGaAs (Al: 0.4) / AlGaAs (Al: 0.6) in this way, the transmittance increases to about 23% (that is, the reflectance decreases to 77%).
- the interdiffusion is performed by impurity diffusion when lowering the reflectance in the low reflectance region 108, carrier absorption also occurs.
- the absorptance of the entire second DBR layer 107 is about 4%, and the reflectivity is also reduced by about 74%. become.
- the transmittance is about 22%, which is not much different from the case without carrier absorption. Therefore, the interdiffusion due to the impurities lowers the reflectance of the second DBR layer 107, but is not very effective for the transmittance. For this reason, the higher-order transverse mode is suppressed, but the amount of monitor light that passes through the VC SEL and goes outside is more effective than in the normal case, which is effective.
- the effect is the same even in the case of the force reversal described assuming that the first conductivity type is n-type and the second conductivity type is p-type.
- the current confinement layer 106 is inserted between the first DBR layer 102 and the active layer 104. Further, the current confinement layer 106 may be inserted into the second DBR film 107.
- the VCSEL according to the first configuration example will be described with reference to FIG.
- the following description is an example of a short wavelength laser device, and a material having an oscillation wavelength of about 0.85 ⁇ 85 ⁇ is selected.
- an ⁇ -type AlGaAs layer 102 is formed on a Si-doped ⁇ -type GaAs substrate 101.
- N-type DBR (n-type semiconductor mirror
- First DBR layer 102 having a plurality of stacked layers, lower cladding layer 103 of n-type AlGaAs,
- GaAs quantum well and AlGaAs barrier layer also active layer 104, p-type AlGaAs
- DBR p-type semiconductor mirror
- Second DBR layer 107 in which a plurality of layers are stacked, and Al Ga As (
- Each of the DBR layers 102 and 107 has a high refractive index Al Ga As and a low refractive index Al Ga As.
- the film thicknesses of 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.1 are set so that the optical path lengths in these media are approximately 1/4 of the oscillation wavelength of about 0.85 ⁇ . Or, the thickness of Al Ga As and the thickness of Al Ga As
- the total film thickness (film thickness in DBR units) may be set so that the optical path length is 1/2 of the oscillation wavelength of about 0.85 zm.
- a photoresist is applied on the epitaxial growth film to form a circular resist mask. Then, etching is performed by dry etching until the surface of the upper cladding layer 105 is exposed, thereby forming a columnar structure having a diameter of about 30 ⁇ m. By this step, the side surfaces of the current confinement layer 106 are exposed. After that, the resist mask is removed. Next, a photoresist is applied again on the AlGaAs layer on the top surface of the mesa, and an annular resist y y-y concentric with the mesa is formed.
- this resist mask Form a mask.
- the dimensions of this resist mask are such that the inner diameter is about 8 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m and the outer diameter is about 12-14 zm. After that, the Al Ga As layer, which is the uppermost surface of the second DBR layer 107, is exposed.
- Etching is performed until it comes out to form an annular Al Ga As layer.
- the Al Ga As layer on the top surface of the ring-shaped mesa has a large composition of the force A1 that partially changes to AlGaO due to oxidation, so that y l-y ⁇
- the light scatterer 110 has an uneven surface.
- the current confinement layer 106 is provided so as to concentrate current in the active layer region having substantially the same width as the non-oxidized region.
- annular first electrode 109 of titanium (Ti) / gold (Au) is formed on the outer periphery of the mesa, and a second electrode 111 of AuGe alloy is formed on the entire back surface of the substrate 101.
- the reflectance of the part without the light scatterer 110 is about 99.8%, while the reflectance of the part with the light scatterer 110 is about 99%.
- a decrease in reflectivity that can suppress higher-order transverse modes was obtained.
- the opening diameter of the current confinement layer 106 can be increased to 8 zm, the electric resistance decreases, and the operating voltage can be suppressed to about 3 V or less. This enables high-output operation of about 3 mW or more while maintaining the single fundamental mode.
- the scattered light 115 of the partial force of the light scatterer 115 can be observed.
- This scattered light 115 can be used as laser monitor light.
- a VCSEL according to the second configuration example will be described with reference to FIG.
- the difference from the first configuration example shown in FIG. 3 is that the light scatterer 110 emits monitor light only in a direction away from the optical axis Z, which is not a simple scatterer.
- the light scatterer 110 has a Fresnel lens structure.
- the material is a material which can be selectively etched and whose surface is hardly oxidized.
- the layer structure is the same as that of the first embodiment up to the second DBR layer 107.
- a ⁇ / 2 layer of GaAs which is not an Al Ga As layer, is laminated thereon, and the final
- the uppermost layer has a thickness of, and can be selectively etched, and if the surface is hardly oxidized, there is no problem even if it is not a GaAs layer.
- Ga P In Ga P
- 0.5 0.5 layers may be used.
- the Fresnel lens can be manufactured by an ordinary method of patterning a photoresist by electron beam exposure and transferring the pattern by dry etching.
- the pitch of the ring of the Fresnel lens was 0.5 / m, and the inclination was about 15 degrees so that the film thickness became thicker in the outer direction of the circle. As a result, light that rises almost perpendicular to the substrate surface exits at an angle of about 40 degrees with respect to the substrate surface.
- the light scatterer 110 suppresses high-order transverse mode oscillation, enables high-output operation of about 3 mW or more while maintaining a single fundamental mode, and at the same time, monitors light by about 50 degrees from the optical axis Z. Can be seen from the observation of the near-field image in the direction of the circle.
- a VCSEL according to a third configuration example will be described with reference to FIG.
- a low reflectance region 108 having a lower reflectance than the central portion of the light emission is formed around the second DBR layer 107. That is the point.
- a ZnO film is formed in a ring shape on the uppermost GaAs layer / 2 serving as the light scatterer 110 by sputtering, and annealing is performed at 580 ° C for 10 minutes.
- interdiffusion of Zn occurs to a depth of about 2 / m around the optical axis Z except for the center.
- the interface between the high-refractive-index AlGaAs layer and the low-refractive-index AlGaAs layer becomes gentle,
- the reflectivity of the area decreases. Therefore, even if the aperture width 113 of the interdiffusion region, that is, the low reflectance region 108 is set to be as large as 6 ⁇ m, the single fundamental mode is maintained, and a high output operation of about 5 mW or more is possible.
- the transmittance increases in exchange for the decrease in the DBR reflectance due to the mutual diffusion, and the scattered light 115 from the light scatterer 110 also increases.
- the material of the active layer 104 is non-doped GaAs or non-doped
- the force S using Al Ga As is not limited to these.
- VCSELs for near-infrared light
- visible VCSELs such as InGaP and AlGalnP.
- a single-mode VCSEL in a long-wave band can be formed using InGaAsP on an InP substrate, GaInNAs, GaInNAsSb, GaAsSb on a GaAs substrate, or the like. These VC SELs are very effective for relatively long distance communication using single mode fiber. Further, a VCSEL for blue or ultraviolet light can be formed using a GaN system, a ZnSe system, or the like.
- the composition of the material of the other layers including the DBR layers 102 and 107 and the thickness of each layer including the number of periods of the DBR layers 102 and 107 are changed. Needless to say, it can be appropriately selected and set.
- the current confinement layer 106 is configured to oxidize aluminum (A1), but the oxidized oxidized region, which is not limited to A1, is a non-oxidized region. If it is a substance that greatly increases the electrical resistance (desirably, if it becomes an insulator), then
- the cross section of the output laser light 116 is also annular.
- the output laser light 116 having a desired cross-sectional shape such as an elliptical shape may be emitted as necessary.
- the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations and methods described above, and various variations are possible as long as they are in line with the gist of the invention.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
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US10/585,633 US20080232418A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2005-01-24 | Surface Emitting Laser |
JP2005517294A JP4760380B2 (ja) | 2004-01-23 | 2005-01-24 | 面発光レーザ |
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JP2004016004 | 2004-01-23 | ||
JP2004-016004 | 2004-01-23 |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2007173304A (ja) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-07-05 | Sony Corp | 面発光型半導体レーザ |
EP2101379A1 (de) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-16 | Universität Stuttgart | VCSEL mit monolithisch integrierter Fresnel-Linse |
WO2013005813A1 (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2013-01-10 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Surface emitting laser element and atomic oscillator |
WO2017038534A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 送信側光通信モジュール及び光通信装置 |
JP2018163990A (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-18 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 発光装置 |
WO2020040132A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | 株式会社ニコン | 発光デバイス、発光方法、露光装置、露光方法及びデバイス製造方法 |
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CN102195234B (zh) * | 2010-03-18 | 2012-12-26 | 大连理工大学 | n型ZnO和p型GaN组合ZnO基垂直腔面发射激光器及制备方法 |
JP2012028667A (ja) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-02-09 | Toshiba Corp | 発光素子 |
KR102392800B1 (ko) | 2014-02-12 | 2022-04-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 밴드패스 필터 및 가변 광원을 갖는 기민한 생체인식 카메라 |
DE102017100997A1 (de) | 2017-01-19 | 2018-07-19 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Halbleiterlaser und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Halbleiterlasers |
FR3078834B1 (fr) * | 2018-03-08 | 2020-03-27 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif d’emission lumineuse comportant au moins un vcsel et une lentille de diffusion |
CN112544021B (zh) * | 2019-07-08 | 2024-02-06 | 泉州市三安光通讯科技有限公司 | 半导体激光光束整形器 |
CN113471814B (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 氮化物半导体垂直腔面发射激光器、其制作方法与应用 |
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JP2007173304A (ja) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-07-05 | Sony Corp | 面発光型半導体レーザ |
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WO2013005813A1 (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2013-01-10 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Surface emitting laser element and atomic oscillator |
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JP2018163990A (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-18 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 発光装置 |
WO2020040132A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | 株式会社ニコン | 発光デバイス、発光方法、露光装置、露光方法及びデバイス製造方法 |
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JP4760380B2 (ja) | 2011-08-31 |
US20080232418A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
JPWO2005071808A1 (ja) | 2007-09-06 |
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