WO2005071450A1 - 三次元フォトニック結晶の作製方法 - Google Patents
三次元フォトニック結晶の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005071450A1 WO2005071450A1 PCT/JP2005/001163 JP2005001163W WO2005071450A1 WO 2005071450 A1 WO2005071450 A1 WO 2005071450A1 JP 2005001163 W JP2005001163 W JP 2005001163W WO 2005071450 A1 WO2005071450 A1 WO 2005071450A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- photonic crystal
- hole
- producing
- dimensional photonic
- crystal according
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1225—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02309—Structures extending perpendicularly or at a large angle to the longitudinal axis of the fibre, e.g. photonic band gap along fibre axis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
- G02B6/02323—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. photonic band gap guiding
- G02B6/02328—Hollow or gas filled core
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02361—Longitudinal structures forming multiple layers around the core, e.g. arranged in multiple rings with each ring having longitudinal elements at substantially the same radial distance from the core, having rotational symmetry about the fibre axis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a ternary photonic crystal used for an optical device such as an optical branching device for optical communication or a WDM transmitting / receiving module.
- a fabrication method using a single-periodic structure mode for producing a single-periodic structure that is a conventional photonic crystal will be described.
- the surface of the substrate is pressed by a mold to form an uneven pattern.
- the substrate becomes a metal oxide thin film having a periodic nanohole structure.
- a basic lattice of photonic Yoshiaki is produced, and a metal oxide thin film is irradiated with an ion beam to form a groove having a waveguide structure, thereby producing an optical waveguide using a photonic crystal.
- the method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-250650.
- the eye shark of the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can be easily manufactured. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional photonic crystal that can be used.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional photonic crystal comprising:
- the step of forming the groove (cut) includes a step of etching or a step of irradiating ion beams.
- the shape of the hollow hole is preferably a square or a hexagon.
- the period of the groove (cut) is a / 2 To 2 Xa.
- the width of the groove (cut) is from a / 4 when the interval between the hollow hole and the shortest adjacent hollow hole is a. It is preferably a.
- the width of the groove (cut) is d / 2 to 2 ⁇ d.
- the refractive index of the photonic crystal fiber material is n
- the distance between the groove (cut) and the shortest adjacent groove (cut). Is c, the width of the groove (notch) is n
- the hollow fiber is made of a material having a refractive index different from that of the photonic crystal fiber material. It is preferable to include a step of filling the holes and the grooves (cuts).
- the materials having different refractive indexes are liquid materials.
- the liquid material is a material that is cured by heating or light irradiation.
- the refractive index of the material of the photonic crystal fiber is nl
- the refractive index of the material having the different refractive index is n2
- the groove (cut) is (nl X c) I (2 X n2) to (2 X nl X c) / n2
- the method for producing a three-dimensional photonic crystal according to the first aspect of the present invention preferably includes a step of filling a part of the hollow hole with a material having the same refractive index as the photonic crystal fiber.
- a method for producing a fiber with a three-dimensional photonic crystal by the above-described method for producing a three-dimensional photonic crystal.
- a method of manufacturing an optical element including the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional photonic crystal described above.
- Forming a through-hole (vacancy), and a method for producing a three-dimensional photonic crystal comprising:
- the step of forming the through-hole (hole) includes a step of etching or a step of irradiating with an ion beam.
- the step of forming the through-hole (hole) includes forming a through-hole from two directions, and It is preferable that the process is to intersect at a position corresponding to the hole.
- the two directions are directions orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, and the intersecting angle is a right angle.
- the shape of the hollow hole is a square or a hexagon.
- a unit lattice constituted by the shortest adjacent hollow holes is triangular or quadrangular.
- the period of the through-hole (void) is a It is preferably from / 2 to 2 Xa.
- the width or diameter of the through hole (hole) is It is preferably a / 4 to a.
- the width or the diameter of the through hole (hole) is from d / 2 to 2 X d is preferred.
- the material of the photonic crystal fiber has a refractive index of n, and the through-hole (void) and the through-hole (vacant) which is the shortest adjacent thereto. It is preferable that the width or diameter of the through hole (hole) is nxc / 2 to 2xnxC when the distance between the hole and the hole is c.
- the materials with different refractive indices are liquid materials.
- the liquid material is a material that is cured by heating or light irradiation.
- the refractive index of the photonic crystal fiber material is nl
- the refractive index of the material having the different refractive index is n2
- the through-hole (hole) is provided.
- the width or diameter of the through hole (hole) is (ni xc) I (2 X n2) to (2 X nl X c) / n2.
- the method for producing a three-dimensional photonic crystal according to the fourth aspect of the present invention preferably includes a step of filling a part of the hollow hole of the ttr with a material having the same refractive index as the photonic crystal fiber.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing a fiber with a three-dimensional photonic crystal by the method for producing a three-dimensional photonic crystal according to the fourth aspect.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an optical element including the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional photonic crystal according to the fourth aspect.
- a three-dimensional photonic crystal which has conventionally been extremely difficult to manufacture, can be easily manufactured.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing a two-dimensional photonic crystal fiber used in the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view in a lateral direction
- FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view in a longitudinal direction. is there.
- FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D are perspective views showing steps of manufacturing the three-dimensional photonic crystal of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3A to 3E are perspective views showing a process for manufacturing a three-dimensional photonic crystal according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another three-dimensional photonic Akira Itoyoshi manufactured by the manufacturing method of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D are perspective views showing steps for manufacturing a three-dimensional photonic crystal according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a photonic crystal fiber with three-dimensional photonic crystals manufactured by using the manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are cross-sectional views in the short direction showing another example of the two-dimensional photonic crystal fiber. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1A FIG. 1C shows a two-dimensional photonic crystal fiber in which cylindrical hollow holes 2 are regularly arranged two-dimensionally.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view
- FIG. FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction.
- This two-dimensional photonic crystal fiber 1 has cylindrical hollow holes 2 arranged in a grid pattern (there are four shortest adjacent hollow holes in cross section, and a square
- the hollow 2 has a diameter of 2 m and a pitch (period) of 3.5 m (the interval between adjacent hollows 2 is 1.5 m).
- the vicinity of the region where the plurality of hollow holes 2 are formed functions as a so-called core of a general fiber, and the other region functions as a clad.
- FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D are perspective views showing steps of manufacturing the three-dimensional photonic crystal of the first embodiment. First, a part around the photonic crystal fiber 1 is scraped off to form a plane portion 3. (Fig. 2A)
- a resist is applied and heated on the flat surface 3, a desired pattern is baked by an exposure device, and development is performed. As shown in the figure, a resist having a width of 1.5 ⁇ ⁇ is provided at a period of 3.5 m in the longitudinal direction. A periodic pattern consisting of the layer 4 and the region 5 where the resist layer 4 having a width of 2 m is not formed is formed (FIG. 2B).
- the region of the photonic crystal fiber is dry-etched corresponding to this resist pattern (accordingly). Dry etching is performed by reactive ion etching (RIE).
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the photonic crystal fiber shown in FIG. 2B is set at a predetermined position in the vacuum chamber.
- the installation is performed by holding a peripheral part other than the flat part 3 of the photonic crystal fiber 1 with a holding member.
- the inside of the chamber is evacuated by a vacuum pump. Pressure one inner portion chamber at this time is less 1 X 1 0- 3 P a. Thereafter, CF 4 is introduced into the inside of the vacuum chamber, and an electric field is applied to the cathode to generate plasma. In the plasma, CF 4 is separated to generate fluorine and the like, and the separated particles etch the region 5 of the photonic crystal fiber where the resist layer 4 is not formed. At this time, the pressure inside the chamber is about 1 Pa.
- the area of the photonic crystal fiber where the resist layer 4 is formed and the peripheral area are neither exposed to plasma nor etched. That is, only a part of the fiber corresponding to the region 5 where the resist layer 4 is not formed is etched. Etching can be performed by ion milling or ion milling.
- FIG. 2C is a perspective view showing a three-dimensional photonic bond produced by the production method of the present embodiment
- FIG. 2D is a longitudinal sectional view thereof.
- Grooves (cuts) 6 are formed in the transverse direction of the two-dimensional photonic crystal fiber The result is a three-dimensional photonic crystal. By cutting at a desired position, a three-dimensional photonic crystal of any size can be produced.
- the direction of the groove is not limited to the short direction (perpendicular to the long direction), and the groove may be formed in any direction different from the long direction according to the required performance.
- the width of the groove is within the range of a / 4 to a, where a is the shortest distance between adjacent hollow holes, and the diameter of the hollow hole or the length of one side is d.
- the groove width is in the range of d / 2 to 2Xd, and if the refractive index of the fiber material is n and the distance between the shortest adjacent grooves is c, the groove width is n Xc / There is a method to set the range from 2 to 2XnXc.
- the period is set to be in the range of a / 2 to 2Xa.
- FIGS. 3A to 3E A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional photonic crystal according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3E.
- 3A to 3E are perspective views showing a process of manufacturing a three-dimensional photonic crystal according to the second embodiment.
- a resist is applied to all four plane portions (7a to 7d) of the photonic crystal fiber and heated, and one of these surfaces (7a) is exposed to a desired / turned surface using an exposure apparatus. Baking and development are performed to form a resist pattern having a region 5 where the 2 zm square resist layer 4 is not formed in the short direction and the long direction at a period of 3.5 m. 3B).
- the position of the region 5 where the resist layer 4 is not formed is aligned so that the hollow hole 2 of the photonic crystal fiber is connected and penetrated when vertically etched from the region 5.
- a region of the photonic crystal fin is dry-etched in accordance with the resist pattern.
- the dry etching is performed by reactive ion etching (R I E) and is performed under the same conditions as in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- R I E reactive ion etching
- the two flat portions (7b, 7d) of the photonic crystal fiber are sandwiched and held by the holding member from two directions.
- This etching forms a through-hole (hole) 8 which is connected to and penetrates the hollow hole 2 of the photonic crystal fiber. Etching is performed until it penetrates the through-hole (hole) 8 force S opposite surface (7c).
- FIG. 3C is a perspective view showing a state where the resist has been removed.
- the position of the region 5 where the resist layer 4 is not formed is connected to the hollow hole 2 of the photonic crystal fiber when vertically etched from the region 5, and is orthogonal to the through hole 8. Alignment.
- FIG. 3E is a perspective view showing a three-dimensional photonic crystal manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present embodiment.
- the distance between the shortest adjacent hollow holes Where a is the width of the through-hole (hole) within the range of a / 4 to a when a is set to a, and d is the diameter of the hollow hole or the length of one side is d. If the width is in the range of d / 2 to 2 X d, and if the refractive index of the fiber material is n and the distance between the shortest adjacent through-hole (vacancy? There is a method in which the width or diameter of the (hole) is in the range of nXc / 2 to 2XnXc.
- the range is from a / 2 to 2 Xa.
- the through holes (holes) 9 are formed by connecting and passing through the hollow holes 2, the amount etched is relatively small. Etching can be performed by ion milling in addition to ion etching.
- FIG. 4 shows another three-dimensional photonic connection produced by the production method of the second embodiment! It is a perspective view which shows 3 ⁇ 4.
- one of the planes may be left as a base 10 without being cut down to the vicinity of the outermost hollow hole 2. It is not necessary to perform dry etching until the base 10 is penetrated.
- FIGS. 5A to 5D A method for producing a three-dimensional photonic crystal according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A to 5D.
- FIGS. 5A to 5D are views showing a manufacturing process of a three-dimensional photonic crystal according to the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 5A, 5C, and 5D show the photonic crystal fiber in the lateral direction.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view, and FIG. 5B is a top view.
- a two-dimensional photonic crystal fiber shown in FIGS. 1A-1C is used to focus a focused ion beam with an ECR ion source inside a vacuum chamber.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional photonic crystal by a laser device will be described.
- the photonic crystal fiber 11 is set at a predetermined position inside the vacuum chamber 1.
- the installation is performed with the beam incident surface 11a of the photonic crystal fiber 1 facing the ion source and the peripheral portion sandwiched by the holding member 12 from two directions.
- a vacuum pump to evacuate the first internal chamber to a pressure of less than 1 X 1 0- 3 P a vacuum pump. Oxygen ions or gallium ions are generated from the ion source.
- the irradiation position of the focused ion beam is adjusted so that the hollow hole 2 of the photonic crystal fiber is connected in a straight line in the irradiation direction and penetrates (Fig. 5A).
- the holding member 12 is scanned, and the convergent ion beam 13 is sequentially irradiated from one direction vertically to penetrate the hollow hole 2 of the photonic crystal fiber 1 through a 2 m square.
- the through holes (holes) 14 are formed in the short and long directions at 3.5 m intervals (Fig. 5B, Fig. 5C).
- the peripheral part lib where the through-holes (voids) 14 are not formed is set facing the ion source, and as described above.
- a focused ion beam 13 is irradiated to form a penetrating mosquito (vacancy).
- the focused ion beam 13 is irradiated so as to be orthogonal to the through hole (hole) 14 (FIG. 5D).
- the periphery of the fiber is shaved from four directions to form four planes (the cross-sectional shape in the short direction is a square), and cutting at the desired position can produce a three-dimensional photonic crystal of any size.
- the method for determining the width or diameter of the through hole (hole) and the method for determining the period of the through hole (hole) are the same as those described in the second embodiment.
- the three-dimensional photonic crystal manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the first to third embodiments has a refractive index of glass constituting a photonic crystal fiber of 1.4 and a refractive index of a hollow hole, a groove or a through hole.
- the ratio is 1, and it can be used for various optical elements.
- the photonic crystal thus obtained can be used by immersing it in a liquid such as oil having a high refractive index. In this case, the liquid is filled into the hollow holes, grooves, and through holes (holes), so it is necessary to narrow the gap in consideration of the refractive index, unlike the case of air.
- the refractive index of the fiber material is nl
- the refractive index of a liquid such as oil is n2
- the width of the groove or the width or diameter of the through hole (void) is (nl X c) I (2 X n2 ) To (2 X nl X c) / n2.
- a three-dimensional photonic crystal fiber is formed.
- a photonic crystal fiber with a nick crystal can be manufactured.
- the multiplexed light propagating through the two-dimensional photonic crystal fiber can separate predetermined light by the three-dimensional photonic crystal. It can also be manufactured using the manufacturing methods of the second embodiment and the third embodiment.
- the photonic crystal fiber shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B is not limited to the one shown in FIG. This means that the unit cell composed of the shortest adjacent hollow holes in the cross section is triangular. Photonic crystal fiber shown in Fig. 7A In the vicinity of the center, the function of the core 19 is performed, and the vicinity of the hollow hole 15 functions as the clad 18.
- the central hollow hole 17 functions as a core (propagates light), and the vicinity of the hollow hole 15 functions as a clad 16.
- the shape of the hollow hole is not limited to a circle (including an ellipse), but may be a polygon (square, hexagon, etc.).
- the through holes (voids) are formed perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the through holes (voids) are orthogonal to each other.
- a three-dimensional photonic crystal in which through holes (voids) form a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction and in which the through holes (voids) cross each other at positions corresponding to the hollow holes can also be manufactured. .
Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004014252A JP2007108190A (ja) | 2004-01-22 | 2004-01-22 | フォトニック結晶及びフォトニック結晶の作製方法 |
JP2004-014252 | 2004-01-22 |
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WO2005071450A1 true WO2005071450A1 (ja) | 2005-08-04 |
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Cited By (1)
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CN105356212A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-02-24 | 华中科技大学 | 一种包含光纤内部点阵结构光纤器件的光纤激光器 |
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US9581762B2 (en) | 2012-09-16 | 2017-02-28 | Shalom Wertsberger | Pixel structure using a tapered core waveguide, image sensors and camera using same |
US9823415B2 (en) | 2012-09-16 | 2017-11-21 | CRTRIX Technologies | Energy conversion cells using tapered waveguide spectral splitters |
US9952388B2 (en) * | 2012-09-16 | 2018-04-24 | Shalom Wertsberger | Nano-scale continuous resonance trap refractor based splitter, combiner, and reflector |
US10908431B2 (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2021-02-02 | Shalom Wertsberger | Nano-scale conical traps based splitter, combiner, and reflector, and applications utilizing same |
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US3887741A (en) * | 1973-08-13 | 1975-06-03 | Corning Glass Works | Thin-walled honeycombed substrate with axial discontinuities in the periphery |
JPH1059746A (ja) * | 1996-08-13 | 1998-03-03 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 光学素子の製造方法 |
JP2001074954A (ja) * | 1999-08-31 | 2001-03-23 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 3次元フォトニック結晶構造体の作製方法 |
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JP2002228868A (ja) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-14 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | フォトニッククリスタル導波路の製造方法 |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105356212A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-02-24 | 华中科技大学 | 一种包含光纤内部点阵结构光纤器件的光纤激光器 |
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