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  • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
  • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
  • C07D239/47—One nitrogen atom and one oxygen or sulfur atom, e.g. cytosine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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  • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
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  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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  • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
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  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
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  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems

Definitions

• the invention relates to new cyanopyrimidinones, processes for their preparation, and their use for the manufacture of medicaments for improving perception, concentration, learning and / or memory.
• Inhibition of phosphodiesterases modulates the levels of the cyclic nucleotides 5 '-3' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or 5 '-3' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).
• cAMP and cGMP are important second messengers and therefore play a central role in the cellular signal transduction cascades. Both reactivate protein kinases, among other things, but not exclusively.
• the protein kinase activated by cAMP is called protein kinase A PKA)
• the protein kinase activated by cGMP is called protein kinase G (PKG).
• Activated PKA or PKG can in turn phosphorylate a number of cellular effector proteins (e.g. ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors, structural proteins).
• the second messengers cAMP and cGMP can control a wide variety of physiological processes in a wide variety of organs.
• the cyclic nucleotides can also act directly on effector molecules.
• cGMP can act directly on ion channels and thus influence the cellular ion concentration (overview in: Wei et al., Prog. Neurobiol., 1998, 56: 37-64).
• Phosphodiesterases PDE are a control mechanism to control the activity of cAMP and cGMP and thus these physiological processes.
• PDEs hydrolyze the cyclic monophosphates to the inactive monophosphates AMP and GMP.
• At least 21 PDE genes have now been described (Exp. Opin. Investig. Drugs 2000, 9, 1354-3784). These 21 PDE genes can be divided into 11 PDE families based on their sequence homology (nomenclature suggestion see http://depts.washington.edu/pde/Nomenclature.html.). Individual PDE genes within a family are distinguished by letters (e.g. PDE1A and PDElB). If there are still different splice variants within a gene, this is then indicated by an additional numbering after the letter (e.g. PDE1 AI).
• the human PDE9A was assembled and sequenced in 1998.
• the amino acid identity to other PDEs is a maximum of 34% (PDE8A) and a minimum of 28% (PDE5A).
• Km value Michaelis-Me ⁇ ten constant
• PDE9A is high affinity for cGMP.
• PDE9A does not have a cGMP binding domain that would suggest cGMP allosteric enzyme regulation.
• the mouse PDE9A was developed in 1998 by Soderling et al. (J. Biol. Chem, 1998, 273 (19): 15553-15558) Moniated and sequenced. Like the human form, this is the highest for cGMP with a km of 70 nM. A particularly high expression was found in the kidneys, brain, lungs and heart in the mouse.
• the mouse PDE9A is also not inhibited by IBMX in concentrations below 200 ⁇ M; the IC 50 value for zaprinast is 29 ⁇ M (Soderling et al, J. Biol. Chem, 1998, 273 (19): 15553-15558). It was shown in the rat brain that PDE9A is strongly expressed in some brain regions.
• hippocampus hippocampus
• cortex basal ganglia
• basal forebrain Basal forebrain
• US 5,002,949 discloses cyanopyrimidinones for inhibiting white thrombus formations.
• WO 02/06288 describes cyanopyrimidinones with mGluR antagonistic activity.
• WO 95/10506 discloses cyanopyrimidinones for the treatment of depression and Alzheimer's disease.
• EP 130735 describes cyanopyrimidines as cardiotonic reagents.
• the present invention relates to compounds of the formula
• Heteroaryl is optionally substituted with -Cö-alkoxy
• R 1 C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, -CC 6 alkyl, CC 6 alkoxy (CC 6 ) alkyl, benzyl or a group of
• CC 6 alkyl optionally substituted with heteroaryl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl or hydroxy, and benzyl optionally substituted with C 1 -C 6 alkoxy or halogen,
• R 2 is hydrogen, or
• R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, which optionally with up to 2 substituents independently selected from the group Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl, hydroxy, cyano, oxo , Heteroaryl, benzyl, formyl, -CC 6 alkylcarbonyl and one of the following groups
• C 1 -C 6 -alkyl being optionally substituted with hydroxy or heteroaryl
• the compounds according to the invention can exist in stereoisomeric forms (enantiomers, diastereomers) and tautomeric forms.
• the invention therefore relates to the enantiomers or diastereomers and their respective mixtures.
• the stereoisomerically uniform constituents can be isolated in a known manner from such mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereomers.
• preferred salts are physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds according to the invention.
• Physiologically acceptable salts of compounds (I) include acid addition salts of mineral acids, carboxylic acids and sulfonic acids, e.g. Salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and benzoic acid.
• salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid
• Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds (I) also include salts of conventional bases, such as, by way of example and by way of preference, alkali metal salts (for example sodium and potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (for example calcium and magnesium salts) and ammonium salts derived from ammonia or organic amines with 1 to 16 C - Atoms, such as, for example and preferably, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanol amine, dicyclohexylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, procain, dibenzylamine, N-methyorphorpholine, dehydroabietylamine, arginine, lysine, ethylenediamine and methylpiperidine.
• alkali metal salts for example sodium and potassium salts
• alkaline earth metal salts for example calcium and magnesium salts
• solvates are those forms of the compounds which form a complex in the solid or liquid state by coordination with solvent molecules. Hydrates are a special form of solvate, in which coordination takes place with water.
• C Cfi-alkyl represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.
• Preferred examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-butyl, tert-butyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl and n-hexyl.
• O CFI-alkoxy represents a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, particularly preferably having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• Preferred examples include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.
• C 1 -C alkoxy (C 1 -C ⁇ ) alkyl represents a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, particularly preferably having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, which is attached to a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 , preferably 1 to 4, particularly preferably having 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
• Preferred examples include methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl and 2-ethoxyethyl.
• Gr-Cfi-alkylcarbonyl represents a straight-chain or branched alkylcarbonyl radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• Preferred examples include methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, n-propylcarbonyl, isopropylcarbonyl and tert-butylcarbonyl.
• 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl represents saturated cycloalkyl radicals having 3 to 8, preferably 3 to 6 and particularly preferably 5 to 6 carbon atoms in the cycle.
• Preferred examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
• Halogen stands for fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine are preferred, fluorine and chlorine are particularly preferred.
• Heteroaryl stands for an aromatic, monocyclic radical with 5 to 6 ring atoms and up to 3
• Heteroatoms from the S, O and / or N series are preferred 5- to 6-membered heteroaryls with up to 2 heteroatoms.
• the heteroaryl radical can be bound via a carbon or nitrogen atom his.
• Preferred examples include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl and pyridazinyl.
• 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl represents a monocyclic, saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radical with 5 to 6 ring atoms and up to 2 heteroatoms from the series N, O, S. N and O are preferred as heteroatoms.
• Preferred examples include pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyranyl, thiopyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and piperazinyl.
• radicals in the compounds according to the invention are optionally substituted, a substitution with up to three identical or different substituents is preferred, unless otherwise specified.
• a further embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) in which
• Heteroaryl is optionally substituted by CC 4 alkoxy
• R 1 Ca- cycloalkyl, CC 4 alkyl, CrC 4 alkoxy (CC 4 ) alkyl, benzyl or a group of
• R 2 is hydrogen
• R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, which, if appropriate, is optionally selected with up to 2 substituents independently of one another from the group C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxy, cyano, oxo , Heteroaryl, benzyl, formyl, -CC 4 alkylcarbonyl and one of the following groups
• a further embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) in which
• C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with pyridyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl or hydroxy, and benzyl optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, fluorine, chlorine or bromine,
• R 2 is hydrogen
• R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl selected from the group pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl and morpholinyl, which optionally with up to 2 substituents independently selected from the group C 1 -C 4 alkyl, hydroxy, cyano, oxo, heteroaryl, benzyl, formyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyl and one of the following groups
• C 1 -C 4 -alkyl optionally being substituted by hydroxy or pyridyl
• a further embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) in which A phenyl, thienyl or a group of the formula where phenyl is optionally substituted with up to 2 radicals independently of one another from the group pyridyl, fluorine, chlorine, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, benzyloxy and benzyl, methyl optionally being substituted with a group of the formula -NR 3 R 4 , in which R 3 is methyl and R 4 is hydrogen or 2-methoxyethyl, and
• Pyridyl is optionally substituted with methoxy
• R 1 C 3 -C ⁇ rcycloalkyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methoxyethyl, benzyl or a group of
• R 2 is hydrogen
• R 'and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl selected from the group pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl and morpholinyl, which optionally with up to 2 substituents independently selected from the group Methyl, ethyl, propyl, tert-butyl, hydroxy, cyano, oxo, pyridyl, benzyl, formyl, methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, propylcarbonyl and one of the following groups , which are bonded to one of the carbon atoms in the heterocycle via the two oxygen atoms, where methyl, ethyl and propyl are optionally substituted by hydroxy or pyridyl,
• R 1 and R 2 have the meanings given above, at elevated temperature in an inert solvent or in the absence of a solvent in a compound of the formula
• the compound of formula (H) is known from the literature (R. Gompper, W. Toepfl, Chem. Ber. 1962, 95, 2861-2870).
• the compounds of Formeto (III) and (V) are commercially available, literature are known or can be prepared in analogy to processes known from the literature (see, for example, H. Gielen, C. Alonso-Alija, M. Hendrix, U. Nie Strukturer, D. Schauß, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 419- 421).
• High-boiling, inert organic solvents which do not change under the reaction conditions are suitable for process step (H) + (DI) -> (TV).
• These preferably include toluene, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or sulfolane. It is also possible to carry out the reaction in the melt without solvent. Reaction control without solvents or in dimethylformamide, acetonitrile or toluene is particularly preferred.
• the reaction generally takes place in a temperature range from + 70 ° C to + 200 ° C, preferably in a temperature range from + 100 ° C to + 150 ° C.
• the reaction can be carried out at normal, elevated or reduced pressure (e.g. from 0.5 to 5 bar). Generally one works at normal pressure.
• the compound of the formula (DI) is used here in an amount of 1 to 2 moles, preferably in an equivalent amount of 1 mole, based on 1 mole of the compound of the formula (IT).
• organic solvents which do not change under the reaction conditions are suitable for process step (VI) + (DT) - »(I). These preferably include dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or acetonitrile. It is also possible to carry out the reaction without solvents. Reaction control without solvents or in acetonitrile is particularly preferred.
• the reaction generally takes place in a temperature range from + 50 ° C to + 150 ° C, preferably in a temperature range from + 70 ° C to + 100 ° C.
• the reaction can be carried out at normal, elevated or reduced pressure (e.g. from 0.5 to 5 bar). Generally one works at normal pressure.
• the compound of formula (I) is used here in an amount of 1 to 10 mol, preferably in an excess of 3 to 10 mol, based on 1 mol of the compound of formula (VI).
• organic solvents which do not change under the reaction conditions are suitable for process step (IV) + (V) - »(T) or (D) + (V) -> (VI).
• These preferably include dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dioxane or alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol or tert-butanol. It is also possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned.
• the reaction generally takes place in a temperature range from + 50 ° C. to + 150 ° C., preferably in a temperature range from + 70 ° C. to + 100 ° C.
• the reaction can be carried out under normal, elevated or reduced pressure (for example from 0.5 to 5 bar). Generally one works at normal pressure.
• Suitable bases for process step (TV) + (V) - »(T) or (D) + (V) -» (VI) are preferably alkali metal carbonates such as lithium, sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate or organic amine Bases such as pyrid n, triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, N-methylmorpholine or N-methylpiperidine. Potassium carbonate or triethylamine is particularly preferred.
• the base is used in an amount of 1.5 to 4 mol, preferably in an amount of 1.5 to 2 mol, based on 1 mol of the compound of the formula (IV) or (D).
• the compound of the formula (V) is used in an amount of 1 to 1.5 mol, preferably in an amount of 1.2 mol, based on 1 mol of the compound of the formula (TV) or (D).
• the compounds according to the invention show an unforeseeable, valuable spectrum of pharmacological action. They are particularly characterized by an inhibition of PDE9A.
• the compounds according to the invention are suitable for producing medicaments for improving perception, concentration, learning or memory.
• the compounds according to the invention can be used alone or in combination with other medicaments to improve perception, concentration, learning and / or memory.
• the compounds according to the invention are particularly suitable for improving perception, concentration performance, learning performance or memory performance after cognitive disorders, such as occur in particular in situations / diseases / syndromes such as “mild cognitive impairment”, age-associated learning and memory disorders, age-associated memory loss, vascular dementia, Traumatic brain injury, stroke, dementia that occurs after a stroke ("post stroke dementia"), post-traumatic dementia, general concentration disorders, con- Impaired concentration in children with learning and memory problems, Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, dementia with degeneration of the frontal lobes including Pick's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, progressive nuclear palsy, dementia with corticobasal degeneration, amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, multiple SMerosis, thalamic degeneration, Creutzfeld-Jacob dementia, HIV dementia, schizophrenia with dementia or Korsakoff psychosis.
• cognitive disorders such as occur in particular in situations / diseases / syndromes such as “mild cognitive impairment”, age-associated learning and memory disorders, age-associated
• PDEIC GenBank / EMBL Accession Number: NM_005020, Loughney et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1996 271, 796-806
• PDE2A GenBank EMBL Accession Number: NM_002599, Rosman et al. Gene 1997 191, 89-95
• PDE3B GenBank / EMBL Accession Number: NM_000922, Mild et al. Genomics 1996, 36, 476-485
• PDE4B GenBank / EMBL Accession Number: NM_002600, Obernolte et al. Gene.
• test substances are dissolved in 100% DMSO and serially diluted. Typically, dilution series from 200 ⁇ M to 1.6 ⁇ M are produced (resulting final concentrations in the test: 4 ⁇ M to 0.032 ⁇ M). In each case 2 ⁇ L of the diluted substance solutions are placed in the wells of microtiter plates (Isoplate; Wallac Inc., Atlanta, GA). Then 50 ⁇ L of a dilution of the PDE9A preparation described above are added.
• the dilution of the PDE9A preparation is chosen so that less than 70% of the substrate is converted during the later incubation (typical dilution: 1: 10000; dilution buffer: 50 mM Tris / HCl pH 7.5, 8.3 mM MgCl 2 , 1.7 mM EDTA, 0.2% BSA).
• the substrate, [8- 3 H] guanosine 3 ', 5'-cyclic phosphate (1 uCi / ul; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ) is 1: 2000 with assay buffer (50 mM Tris / HCl pH 7.5, 8.3 mM MgCl 2 , 1.7 mM EDTA) diluted to a concentration of 0.0005 ⁇ Ci / ⁇ L.
• the enzyme reaction is finally started by adding 50 ⁇ L (0.025 ⁇ Ci) of the diluted substrate.
• test batches are incubated for 60 min at room temperature and the reaction is stopped by adding 25 ⁇ l of a PDE9A inhibitor dissolved in assay buffer (for example the inhibitor from preparation example 1, 10 ⁇ M final concentration).
• 25 ⁇ L of a suspension with 18 mg / mL yttrium scintillation proximity beads (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ.) are added immediately afterwards.
• the microtiter plates are sealed with a film and left to stand at room temperature for 60 min. The plates are then measured for 30 s per well in a Microbeta scintillation counter (Wallac Ine, Atlanta, GA).
• IC 50 values are determined on the basis of the graphical plot of the substance concentration against the percentage inhibition.
• the recombinant in vitro effect of test substances on PDE3B, PDE4B, PDE7B, PDE8A, PDE10A and PDE11A is determined by the method described above for PDE9A test protocol with the following adaptations:
• the protocol is additionally adapted as follows: With PDEIC, Calmodulin 10 "7 M and CaCl 2 3 mM are additionally added to the reaction mixture. PDE2A is stimulated in the test by adding cGMP 1 ⁇ M and tested with a B-SA concentration of 0.01% For PDEIC and PDE2A [5 ', 8- 3 H] adenosine 3' as the substrate, 5'-cyclic phosphate (1 uCi / ul;.
• Tables 1-3 Inhibition of PDE isoenzymes (human) by Examples 38, 112 and 113
• Table 3 Example 113
• Rat hippocampi are placed at an angle of approximately 70 degrees in relation to the cutting blade (chopper).
• the hippocampus is cut at intervals of 400 ⁇ m.
• the sections are removed from the blade using a very soft, heavily wetted brush (raccoon hair) and placed in a glass vessel with carbogenized, cooled nutrient solution (124 M NaCl, 4.9 mM KCl, 1.3 mM MgSO 4 x 7 H 2 O, 2.5 mM CaCl 2 anhydrous, 1.2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 25.6 mM NaHCO 3 , 10 mM glucose, pH 7.4).
• carbogenized, cooled nutrient solution 124 M NaCl, 4.9 mM KCl, 1.3 mM MgSO 4 x 7 H 2 O, 2.5 mM CaCl 2 anhydrous, 1.2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 25.6 mM NaHCO 3 , 10 mM glucose, pH 7.4
• the flow rate is 2.5 ml / min.
• Pre-gassing takes place under slight overpressure (about 1 atm) and via a micro-cannula in the antechamber.
• the cutting chamber is connected to the antechamber in such a way that a mini circulation can be maintained.
• the carbogen flowing out through the microcannula is used to drive the mini-circulation.
• the freshly prepared hippocampal slices are adapted in the slit chamber for at least 1 hour at 33 ° C.
• the stimulus strength is chosen so that the focal excitative post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) is 30% of the maximum excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP).
• fEPSP focal excitative post-synaptic potential
• AM-Systems 2100 the Schaffer collaterals are locally excited (voltage: 1-5 V, pulse width of a polarity 0.1 ms, total pulse 0.2 ms).
• the excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) is registered from the stratum radiatum.
• the field potentials are measured using a chlorinated reference electrode made of silver, which is located at the edge of the cutting chamber, using a DC voltage amplifier.
• the field potentials are filtered using a low-pass filter (5 kHz).
• fEPSP rise For the statistical analysis of the Experiments determine the slope of the fEPSPs (fEPSP rise).
• PWIN software program developed in the Neurophysiology department.
• the averaging of the fEPSP rise values at the respective times and the construction of the diagrams is carried out with the help of the software EXCEL, whereby a corresponding macro automates the recording of the data.
• the social recognition test is a learning and memory test. It measures the ability of rats to distinguish between known and unknown species. This test is therefore suitable for testing the learning or memory-improving effect of the compounds according to the invention.
• the adult animals are either at a fixed time interval (eg 1 hour) before Trial 1 or immediately after Trial 1 either with vehicle (10% ethanol, 20% Solutol, 70% physiological saline) or 0.1 mg / kg, 0.3 mg / kg, 1.0 mg / kg or 3.0 mg / kg of the compound according to the invention, dissolved in 10% ethanol, 20% Solutol, 70% physiological saline, injected intraperitoneally.
• Vehicle-treated rats show no reduction in social interaction time in Trial 2 compared to Trial 1. They have therefore forgotten that they have had contact with the young animal before.
• the social interaction time is in the second Passage after treatment with the compounds according to the invention was significantly reduced compared to the vehicle treated. This means that the substance-treated rats have remembered the juvenile animal and thus the compounds according to the invention have an improving effect on learning and memory.
• the new active compounds can be converted in a known manner into the customary formulations, such as tablets, dragées, pills, granules, aerosols, syrups, emulsions, suspensions and solutions, using inert, non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipients or solvents.
• the therapeutically active compound should in each case be present in a concentration of about 0.5 to 90% by weight of the total mixture, i.e. in amounts sufficient to achieve the dosage range indicated.
• the formulations are prepared, for example, by stretching the active ingredients with solvents and / or carriers, optionally using emulsifiers and / or dispersants, e.g. if water is used as the diluent, organic solvents can optionally be used as auxiliary solvents.
• the application is carried out in the usual way, preferably orally, transdermally or parenterally, in particular perlingually or intravenously. However, it can also be done by inhalation through the mouth or nose, for example with the aid of a spray, or topically via the skin.
• Device type MS Micromass ZQ
• Device type HPLC Waters Alliance 2795; Column: Phenomenex Synergi 2 ⁇ Hydro-RP Mercury 20mm x 4mm; Eluent A: 1 1 water + 0.5 ml 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 1 acetonitrile + 0.5 ml 50% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 90% A, flow 1 ml / min - »2.5 min 30% A, flow 2 ml / min ⁇ 3.0 min 5% A, flow 2 ml / min -» 4.5 min 5% A, flow 2 ml min ; Oven: 50 ° C; UN detection: 210 nm.
• Device type MS Micromass ZQ
• Device type HPLC HP 1100 Series; UN DAD; Column: Phenomenex Synergi 2 ⁇ Hydro-RP Mercury 20mm x 4mm; Eluent A: 1 1 water + 0.5 ml 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 1 acetonitrile + 0.5 ml 50% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 90% A, flow 1 ml / min ⁇ 2.5 min 30% A, flow 2 ml / min ⁇ 3.0 min 5% A, flow 2 ml / min ⁇ 4.5 min 5% A, flow 2 ml / min; Oven: 50 ° C; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method 7 Method 7:
• Device type MS Micromass ZQ
• Device type HPLC HP 1100 Series
• UV DAD Column: Grom-Sil 120 ODS-4 HE 50 mm x 2 mm, 3.0 ⁇ m
• Eluent A water + 500 ul 50% formic acid / 1
• eluent B acetonitrile + 500 ul 50% formic acid / 1
• Oven 50 ° C
• Flow 0.8 ml / min
• UV detection 210 nm.
• Device type MS Micromass ZQ
• Device type HPLC Waters Alliance 2790
• Eluent A water + 500 ul 50% formic acid / 1
• eluent B acetonitrile + 500 ul 50% formic acid / 1
• Oven 45 ° C
• UV detection 210 nm.
• Device type MS Micromass ZQ
• Device type HPLC Waters Alliance 2790
• Eluent A water + 500 ⁇ l 50% formic acid / L
• eluent B acetonitrile + 500 ⁇ l 50% formic acid / 1
• Oven 45 ° C
• Flow 0.8 ml / min
• UV detection 210 nm.
• Device type MS Micromass ZQ
• Device type HPLC Waters Alliance 2795; Column: Merck Chromolith SpeedROD RP-18e 50 mm x 4.6 mm; Eluent A: water + 500 ul 50% formic acid / 1, eluent B: acetonitrile + 500 ul 50% formic acid / 1; Gradient: 0.0 min 10% B - »3.0 min 95% B ⁇ 4.0 min 95% B; Oven: 35 ° C; Flow: 0.0 min 1.0 ml / min ⁇ 3.0 min 3.0 ml / min ⁇ 4.0 min 3.0 ml / min; UN detection: 210 nm.
• Device type MS Micromass ZQ
• Device type HPLC Waters Alliance 2790; Column: Uptisphere C 18 50 mm x 2.0 mm, 3.0 ⁇ m; Eluent B: acetonitrile + 0.05% formic acid, eluent A: water + 0.05% formic acid; Gradient: 0.0 min 5% B ⁇ 2.0 min 40% B ⁇ 4.5 min 90% B ⁇ 5.5 min 90% B; Oven: 45 ° C; Flow: 0.0 min 0.75 ml / min ⁇ 4.5 min 0.75 ml / min ⁇ 5.5 min 1.25 ml / min; UV detection: 210 nm.
• Method 12 Method 12:
• amidines required for the following reactions are obtained from the corresponding nitriles or esters according to Gielen H, Alonso-Alija C, Hendrix M, Nieelleer U, Schauß D, Tetrahedron Lett. 43, 419-421 (2002).
• Reaction mixture stirred at 100 ° C for 4 h. After cooling to room temperature, a Mixture of ethyl acetate and water added and extracted with ethyl acetate. After drying the organic phase over magnesium sulfate and removing the solvent in vacuo, the residue is purified by column chromatography on silica gel (mobile phase: cyclohexane / ethyl acetate 9: 1). 1.1 g (68% of theory) of the product are obtained.
• the product is separated from the precipitated solid by suction and the filter cake is washed several times with methanol.
• the combined filtrates are evaporated to dryness, the residue is then slurried in dichloromethane / methanol 10: 1 and suction filtered again. After concentration, the filtrate gives 0.5 g (46% of theory) of the title compound.
• Example 2A Analogously to the illustration of Example 2A, 0.5 g (2.10 mmol) of 2- [3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] ethanamidine hydrochloride with 0.43 g (2.10 mmol) of methyl 2-cyano-3,3-dimethylthio ⁇ rop-2-enoate and 0.85 g (8.38 mmol) of triethylamine to give 0.4 g (59% of theory) of the title compound.
• Example 2 Analogously to the preparation of Example 1, 100 mg (0.38 mmol) of 4- (methylsulfanyl) -6-oxo-2- (3-thienylmethyl) -l, 6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile with 224 mg (3.80 mmol) of n-propylamine to 14 mg (13% of theory) of the title compound.
• Example 2 Analogously to the preparation of Example 1, 100 mg (0.38 mmol) of 4- (methylsulfanyl) -6-oxo-2- (3-thienylmethyl) -l, 6-dihydropyrimidm-5-carbonitrile with 380 mg (3.80 mmol) of N-methylpiperazine to 36 mg (30% of theory) of the title compound.
• the dichloromethane phase is dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated and the residue is flash chromatographed on silica gel (mobile phase: dichloromethane, then dichloromethane / methanol 200: 1, 100: 1). 23 mg (19% of theory) of the product are obtained.

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