WO2005035881A1 - Dispositif de dechargement en hauteur de chargeur - Google Patents

Dispositif de dechargement en hauteur de chargeur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005035881A1
WO2005035881A1 PCT/CN2004/000330 CN2004000330W WO2005035881A1 WO 2005035881 A1 WO2005035881 A1 WO 2005035881A1 CN 2004000330 W CN2004000330 W CN 2004000330W WO 2005035881 A1 WO2005035881 A1 WO 2005035881A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control
sleeve
bracket
unloading
bucket
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2004/000330
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dewei Zhu
Original Assignee
Shandong Sem Machinery Co., Ltd.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shandong Sem Machinery Co., Ltd. filed Critical Shandong Sem Machinery Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2005035881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005035881A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/34Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with bucket-arms, i.e. a pair of arms, e.g. manufacturing processes, form, geometry, material of bucket-arms directly pivoted on the frames of tractors or self-propelled machines
    • E02F3/3405Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with bucket-arms, i.e. a pair of arms, e.g. manufacturing processes, form, geometry, material of bucket-arms directly pivoted on the frames of tractors or self-propelled machines and comprising an additional linkage mechanism
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/34Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with bucket-arms, i.e. a pair of arms, e.g. manufacturing processes, form, geometry, material of bucket-arms directly pivoted on the frames of tractors or self-propelled machines
    • E02F3/342Buckets emptying overhead

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to components of a construction machinery loader, and in particular to a loader high unloading device that can greatly increase the unloading height and unloading distance of a loader. Background technique
  • the currently used loader unloading working devices in order to increase the unloading height and unloading distance, generally adopt two methods: One is to lengthen the ordinary loading motor arm, that is, to lengthen the boom to increase unloading. Height, although this method is simple, the lengthening of the boom reduces the lifting capacity of the loader, so this method is at the expense of the loader ’s power performance index and the bucket ’s loading capacity.
  • the limitation is that it can only increase the unloading height by a small amount, and it can not completely meet the current requirements for higher and higher unloading heights and heavy lifting weights; the other is to modify the two-port valve on the basis of the two-port valve ordinary loader.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-loading device for a loader, which can overcome the shortcomings of various existing unloading working devices, and add a series of loaders with a high unloading height, a large unloading distance, and a low cost.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-loading device of a loader, which can make The high dump bucket is turned over and retracted according to the predetermined requirements to avoid misoperation of the high dump bucket.
  • a loader high-unloading device includes a high-unloading bucket, a bracket, and a boom. Both ends of the bracket are pivotally connected to the boom and the high-unloading bucket.
  • the device further includes a large connecting rod. One end is pivotally connected to the high unloading bucket, and the other end is pivotally connected to a small link, and the other end is pivotally connected to the bracket; a locking element is arranged on the upper portion of the bracket, and a locked position is provided at the corresponding position on the high unloading bucket. The element is locked or opened by the locking element and the locked element, so that the high dump bucket and the bracket form a rigid connection or relative rotation; a small link limiting element is provided on the movable arm.
  • the advantages of the invention are: without lengthening the loading arm and reducing the dynamic performance index of the loader, there is no need to increase the high-unloading auxiliary hydraulic system and operating mechanism, and only the tie rods and buckets are replaced, that is, the current two-valve ordinary loader (Such as ZL30-ZL50)
  • the unloading height has been greatly increased from the current 3100mm (without bucket teeth) to about 3810mm (without bucket teeth).
  • the unloading distance has been increased from the current 1300 legs to about 1600.
  • the unloading time is shortened by about 20%--45 ° /.
  • the discharging operation is fast and powerful, and the discharging is clean and neat, which fully meets the current requirements for the increasingly high unloading height of the loader.
  • the invention has low cost, good performance, high cost performance, and can generate better economic benefits.
  • a control mechanism is provided between the small link and the boom to limit the relative rotational freedom of the small link and the boom when the locking element and the pinned element are opened.
  • the control mechanism includes a control jacket fixed on a small connecting rod, and a control middle sleeve is matched inside the control jacket, and a control convex sleeve is matched inside the control sleeve.
  • the three control sleeves are coaxially pivoted with the small link.
  • the control middle sleeve and the middle sleeve fixing plate are fixed together, the middle sleeve fixing plate is fixed on the boom;
  • the control convex sleeve and the convex sleeve fixing plate are fixed together, the convex sleeve fixing plate is fixed on the bracket; control
  • the middle sleeve is provided with two square holes symmetrically in the radial direction.
  • a roller is fitted in the square hole, and the roller can slide or roll along the middle sleeve in the square hole.
  • the control sleeve is provided with a boss and a recess.
  • the control jacket Upper trail Two grooves are provided in a symmetrical direction. When the roller rolls into (or slides into) the groove, the relative rotation between the control jacket and the control sleeve is locked ⁇ , that is, the small link and the boom are completely restricted. Degrees of freedom.
  • a small link limiting element is provided on the boom,
  • the small connecting rod limiting element together with the control outer sleeve, the control middle sleeve, the control convex sleeve and the roller constitute a set of control system that has a limiting effect on the small connecting rod.
  • Control we call this kind of control on the high dump formed by the combined action of the small connecting rod limit element, the control jacket, the control middle sleeve, the control convex sleeve, the roller and the large connecting rod;
  • the first control plays a role and controls the control of the high unloading bucket;
  • the locked element and the locked element are in the open state, the second control starts to function , Took over control of the high dump bucket.
  • the first control and the second control always alternately play a role, and alternately master the control of the high dump.
  • the function of the second control is: when the locking element and the locked element are in an open state, that is, the first control is ineffective, preventing the high unloading bucket from automatically driving the large link and the small link to tilt forward due to the external force, Causes a runaway state of high unloading motion.
  • the small link and the boom can be pivotally connected to the same position of the bracket.
  • the locking element is a lock pull rod, one end of which is pivotally connected to the upper part of the bracket through a pull rod pin shaft, and the other end of which is pivotally connected to the loader rocker arm, and the lock pull rod and the pivot end of the bracket are provided with lock grooves;
  • the locked component is a clamping component which can be fixed in the lock groove.
  • the clamping member is a U-shaped clamping slot, or a locking pin seat fixed on a high-unloading bucket and a pin shaft provided on the locking pin seat.
  • a friction-resistant sleeve is sleeved on the outer surface of the pin shaft, and the sleeve can rotate around the pin shaft and can roll in the lock groove of the locking element, thereby reducing friction and resisting abrasion.
  • the small connecting rod limiting element is a limiting block or a limiting pin.
  • the roller is a cylindrical pin or other shaped pin.
  • the boom is provided with a small connecting rod limit block, and the support is provided with a discharging limit block.
  • the two limiting blocks cooperate with the small connecting rod to restrict the rotation of the support.
  • the bottom of the high dump bucket is provided with bucket teeth.
  • the high-loading device of the loader is pivotally connected to the bracket between the boom and the high-unloading bucket through the front pin of the boom and the high-unloading bucket pin, and another high-loading device is connected between the high-unloading bucket and the bracket.
  • the unloading pin is pivotally connected to the large link
  • the other end of the large link is pivotally connected to the small link through the link pin
  • the other end of the small link is pivoted to the front pin of the boom.
  • the high unloading bucket, the bracket, the small link and the large link together constitute a complete four-link mechanism.
  • the shape of the bracket is similar to an uppercase English letter that turns 90 degrees to the left.
  • the front end of the lock lever is hinged to the bracket through a lever pin, and the rear end is hinged to the rocker arm.
  • the front end of the lock lever has a lock slot.
  • the lock pin On the unloading bucket, the lock pin is installed on the lock pin seat, and an anti-friction sleeve is sleeved on the outside, and the lock groove on the lock pull rod is matched with the anti-friction sleeve.
  • Fig. 1 is a front view of the highest position unloading state of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an AA cross section of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along BB of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of pieces 8 and 18 fixed together in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional view of pieces 15 and 16 fixed together in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional view of pieces 17 and 19 fixed together in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 8 is a view from D in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 9 is a view taken in the direction of arrow F in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 10 is a front view of the state of shoveling the material at the lowest position of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along the line G-G of Fig. 10.
  • Fig. 12 is a front view of a state of retracting the bucket in the lowest position of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a front view of the state of retracting the bucket at the highest position of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional view of the member 3 in Fig. 1.
  • the high-loading device of the loader of the present invention includes a high-unloading bucket 4, a bracket 3, and a boom 23, and both ends of the bracket 3 are pivotally connected to the boom 23 and the high-unloading bucket 4, respectively.
  • the device also includes a large connecting rod 6, one end of which is pivotally connected to the high dump bucket 4, and the other end of which is pivotally connected with a small connecting rod I 8 and a small connecting rod II 10, the small connecting rod I 8 and the small connecting rod II 10
  • the other end is pushed to the bracket 3; a locking element is provided on the upper part of the bracket 3, and a pinned element is provided at the corresponding position on the high unloading bucket 4, which is locked or opened by the locking element and the locked element to enable high unloading
  • the bucket 4 and the bracket 3 form a rigid connection or relative rotation; a small link limiting element is arranged on the movable arm 23.
  • the present invention does not need to increase the auxiliary hydraulic system and operating mechanism of the high discharge, and only replaces the tie rod and the bucket.
  • the amplitude is increased, the unloading distance is increased, and the unloading time is shortened.
  • a control is provided between the small link I 8 and the boom 23 to limit the relative rotational freedom of the small link I 8 and the boom 23 when the locking element and the locked element are opened.
  • the function of the control mechanism is: when the locking element and the locked element are in an open state, the high unloading bucket 4 is prevented from automatically driving the large link 6 and the small links I 8 and ⁇ 10 due to external force. , Resulting in a state of uncontrollable movement of the high bucket 4.
  • the control mechanism includes a control jacket 18 fixed on the small link I 8 (this embodiment only fixes the control jacket on the small link I, in fact, a control jacket can also be installed on the small link II. This is not described in detail), a control middle sleeve 17 is matched inside the control jacket 18, and a control convex sleeve 15 is matched inside the control sleeve 17, and the three control sleeves are coaxially pivoted to the same bracket 3 with a small link. Parts.
  • the control middle sleeve 17 is fixed with the middle sleeve fixing plate 19, and the middle sleeve fixing plate 19 is fixed on the boom 23 by the middle sleeve fixing bolt 22.
  • the control convex sleeve 15 and the convex sleeve fixing plate 16 are fixed together, and the convex sleeve fixing plate 16 is fixed on the bracket 3 by a convex sleeve fixing bolt 21.
  • the square hole 30 is fitted with a roller 14 inside the square hole 30, and the roller 14 can slide or roll along the radial direction of the middle sleeve in the square hole 30.
  • the locking element is a locking lever 1, one end of which is pivotally connected to the upper part of the bracket 3, and the other end of which is pivotally connected to the rocker arm of the loader, the locking lever 1 and the bracket 3
  • the pivoting end is provided with a lock slot 2;
  • the locked element is a clip member that can be fixed in the lock slot 2.
  • the clip member is a lock pin seat 13 fixed to the high dump bucket 4.
  • the lock pin 12 is a pin fixed in the lock pin base 13, and the wear-resistant sleeve 11 is a A round sleeve rotatable around the lock pin 12.
  • the clamping member may also be a U-shaped card slot, which is not shown in the figure).
  • the small link limiting element is a small link limiting block 20 (also a limiting pin) provided on the boom 23.
  • the bracket 3 is provided with a discharging limit block 5, a small connecting rod limiting block 20 and a discharging limiting block 5—to cooperate with the small connecting rod to limit the rotation of the bracket 3.
  • Bucket teeth are provided at the bottom of the high dump bucket 4.
  • the high bucket 4 is pivotally connected to the bracket 3 through a high bucket pin I 25, and is pivotally connected to a large link 6 through a high bucket pin II 26, and the other end of the large link 6
  • the connecting rod pin 9 is pivotally connected to the small connecting rod I 8 and the small connecting rod II 10, and the other ends of the small connecting rod I 8 and the small connecting rod II 10 are connected via the boom front pin 7 and the bracket 3 and the boom 23 pivot connection (this solution is that the boom 23 and the small link I 8 and the small link II 10 are pivoted at the same point.
  • the boom 23 and the small link I 8 and the small link II 10 may not be pivoted. At the same point, it can also achieve the purpose of the present invention, which will not be described in detail.
  • High bucket 4, bracket 3, small link 1 8 and small link II 10 and large link 6 together constitute A four-link mechanism is hereinafter collectively referred to as a "high-unloading four-link".
  • the lock lever 1 fixes the high-unloading bucket 4 and the bracket 3 under the action of the loader's rocking arm, that is, the lock between the high-unloading bucket 4 and the bracket 3 is locked. Relative rotation, the high bucket 4 will not be able to rotate around the high bucket pin I 2 5; when the lock pin 12 is released from the restriction of the lock groove 2, as shown in FIGS.
  • the roller 14 is already controlling the protrusion
  • the control sleeve 18 of the sleeve 15 rolls (or slides in) the control sleeve groove 27 of the control sleeve 18 under the action of the control sleeve 18, the combined effect of the control sleeve 18, the control sleeve 17, the control sleeve 15 and the roller 14
  • the small link I 8 and the boom 23 are fixed together, so that the "high-unloading four-link" is fully controllable, and the high-unloading bucket 4 can only be controlled by the "high-unloading four-link” Rotate around the high-unloading pin I 25; as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG.
  • the invention does not need to increase the high-unloading auxiliary hydraulic system and the longitudinal mechanism, and only replaces the tie rods and buckets, that is, the current two-valve ordinary loader (such as ZL30 -ZL50 type) unloading height from current 3100mm (without bucket teeth) It is greatly improved to about 3810 hidden (no bucket teeth), the unloading distance is increased from the current 1300mm to about 1600mm, and the unloading time is shortened by about 20% to 45%. The unloading action is fast and powerful, and the unloading is clean and neat, fully adaptable. There is currently an increasing demand for loader unloading heights.
  • the invention has low cost, good performance, high cost performance, and can generate better economic benefits.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)

Description

装载机高卸装置 技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械装载机的部件, 特别是涉及可以较大提高装载机卸 载高度和卸载距离的装载机高卸装置。 背景技术
目前使用的装载机卸载工作装置(包括铲斗及其附属部件), 为了增加卸 载高度和卸载距离, 一般采取两种方法: 一种是采取加长普通装载机动臂的 办法即加长动臂来提高卸载高度, 该方法虽然简单, 但由于动臂的加长降低 了装载机的举升能力, 所以该方法是以牺牲装载机的动力性能指标和铲斗的 装铲量为代价的, 具有^ ί艮大的局限性, 只能少量提高卸载高度, 根本无法完 全适应目前对卸载高度越来越高和举升重量大的要求; 另一种是在两联阀普 通装载机的基 上将两联阀改为三联阀, 增加一联高卸附属液压系统和操纵 机构, 并在铲斗上加装辅助高卸油缸, 该方法虽然大大提高了卸载高度, 但 由于增加了一联液压系统和操纵机构, 使结构变的过于复杂、 繁瑣, 提高了 成本, 增大了机器的故障率, 且由于增加了一联高卸操纵杆从而加大了司机 的劳动强度和操作的复杂性, 卸料速度也不够快。 为了克服目前在装载机行 业中存在的这些问题, 提出了本发明的装载机高卸装置。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种装载机高卸装置, 能够克服现有各种卸载工 作装置存在的不足, 为各系列装载机增加一个卸载高度较高、 卸载距离较大、 成本较低、 结构先进、 性能优越的一种装载机高卸装置。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种装载机高卸装置, 能够使该高卸装置的 高卸斗按预定要求翻斗和收斗, 避免高卸斗发生误操作。
本发明的目的是这样实现的, 一种装载机高卸装置, 包括有高卸斗、 支 架、 动臂, 支架两端分别与动臂和高卸斗枢接, 该装置还包括一大连杆, 其 一端与高卸斗枢接, 另一端枢接有一小连杆, 该小连杆另一端枢接于支架; 在支架上部设有一锁合元件, 高卸斗上相应位置设有一被锁合元件, 由锁合 元件和被锁合元件的锁闭或打开, 使高卸斗和支架构成刚性连接或相对转动; 所述动臂上设有小连杆限位元件。
本发明的优点是: 在不加长装载机动臂、 不降低装载机动力性能指标的 前提下, 无须增加高卸附属液压系统和操纵机构, 仅仅更换拉杆和铲斗, 即 将目前两联阀普通装载机(例如 ZL30- ZL50型) 的卸载高度由目前的 3100mm (无斗齿)大幅度提高到约 3810mm (无斗齿)以上,卸载距离由目前的 1300腿 增加到约 1600隱, 卸料时间缩短约 20%- -45°/。, 卸料动作快捷而有力, 卸料干 净利落, 完全适应目前对装载机卸载高度越来越高的要求。 本发明成本低, 性能好, 性价比高, 能够产生较好的经济效益。
进一步, 于所述小连杆与动臂间设有当锁合元件和被销合元件打开时可 限制小连杆与动臂相对转动自由度的控制机构。
所述控制机构包括固定在小连杆上的一控制外套, 控制外套内部配合一 控制中套, 控制中套内部又配合一控制凸套, 该三种控制套与小连杆一起同 轴枢接于支架的同一部位; 控制中套与中套固定板固定在一起, 中套固定板 固定在动臂上; 控制凸套与凸套固定板固定在一起, 凸套固定板固定在支架 上; 控制中套上沿径向对称开有两方孔, 方孔内配合有一滚柱, 滚柱在方孔 内可沿中套径向滑动或滚动; 控制凸套上设有凸台和凹部; 控制外套上沿径 向对称开设有两凹槽, 当滚柱滚入(或滑入) 凹槽时, 即锁定了控制外套与 控制中套之间的相对转^, 也即完全限制了小连杆与动臂之间的转动自由度。
本发明中, 我们称这种通过锁合元件和被锁合元件的锁闭或打开而形成 的对高卸斗的控制为第一控制; 所述动臂上设有小连杆限位元件, 小连杆限 位元件又与控制外套、 控制中套、 控制凸套和滚柱一起构成一套对小连杆具 有限制作用的控制系统, 小连杆又通过大连杆形成对高卸斗的控制, 我们称 这种由小连杆限位元件、 控制外套、 控制中套、 控制凸套、 滚柱和大连杆联 合作用而形成的对高卸斗的控制为第二控制; 当锁合元件和被锁合元件处于 锁闭状态时, 第一控制发挥着作用, 掌握着对高卸斗的控制权; 当锁合元件 和被锁合元件处于打开状态时, 则第二控制开始发挥作用, 接管了对高卸斗 的控制权。 在装载机的整个作业循环中, 第一控制和第二控制始终是交替发 挥着作用, 交替掌握着对高卸斗的控制权。 第二控制的作用在于: 当锁合元 件和被锁合元件处于打开状态即第一控制失去作用时, 防止高卸斗因受外力 作用而自动带动大连杆和小连杆向前倾翻, 造成高卸斗运动的失控状态。
本发明中 , 所述小连杆和动臂可枢接于支架的同一位置。
所述锁合元件为一锁手拉杆, 该锁手拉杆一端通过拉杆销轴枢接于支架 上部, 另一端与装载机摇臂枢接, 该锁手拉杆与支架枢接端设有锁槽; 所述 被锁合元件为可卡固于锁槽中的卡接件。
所述卡接件为一 U形卡槽, 或为固定于高卸斗的锁销座和设于锁销座上 的销轴。
所述销轴的外面套有一耐摩套, 该套可绕销轴转动, 并可在锁合元件的 锁槽中滚动, 起减小摩擦和抵抗摩损的作用。 所述小连杆限位元件为一限位块或限位销。
所述滚柱为一圆柱销或其他形状销。
动臂上设有小连杆限位块, 支架上设有卸料限位块, 两限位块与小连杆 相配合限制支架的转动。
高卸斗的底部设有斗齿。
进一步, 该装载机高卸装置, 在动臂与高卸斗之间是通过动臂前销轴和 高卸斗销轴与支架枢接的, 在高卸斗与支架之间还通过另一高卸斗销轴与大 连杆枢接, 大连杆的另一端通过连杆销轴与小连杆枢接, 小连杆的另一端枢 接在动臂前销轴上。 在该装置中高卸斗、 支架、 小连杆及大连杆四者共同构 成了一个完整的四连杆机构。 支架的外形近似于一个向左转了 90度的大写的 英文字母 锁手拉杆前端通过拉杆销轴与支架铰接, 后端与摇臂铰接, 锁手 拉杆前端有一锁槽; 锁销座固定在高卸斗上, 锁销装在锁销座上, 外面套有 耐摩套, 该锁手拉杆上的锁槽与此耐摩套配合。 在装载机的动臂上还有小连 杆限位块, 在支架上具有卸料限位块。 当带耐摩套的锁销卡在该锁槽内时, 即锁定了高卸斗与支架之间的相对转动, 高卸斗将无法绕高卸斗销轴旋转。 如果象通常一样操作翻斗操纵杆开始卸料, 则锁销将在锁槽内向逐渐脱离锁 槽的方向运动, 当带耐摩套的锁销从锁槽内脱离开时, 第二控制开始发挥作 用, 形成对高卸斗的完全控制, 此时 "高卸四连杆" 会在支架绕动臂旋转的 同时产生连动作用, 迫使高卸斗绕支架旋转, 从而完成高卸动作。 附图说明
图 1是本发明最高位置卸料状态的主视图。
图 2是图 1的 A-A剖面。 图 3是图 1的 B-B剖视。
图 4是图 1的 C-C '剖视。
图 5是图 1中件 8和件 18固定在一起的三维视图。 图 6是图 1中件 15和件 16固定在一起的三维视图。 图 7是图 1中件 17和件 19固定在一起的三维视图。 图 8是图 1的 D向视图
图 9是图 1的 F向视图。
图 10是本发明最低位置铲料状态的主视图。
图 11是图 10的 G- G剖视。
图 12是本发明最低位置收斗状态的主视图。
图 13是本发明最高位置收斗状态的主视图。
图 14是图 1中件 3的三维视图。
1、 锁手拉杆,
2、 锁槽,
3、 支架,
4、 高卸斗,
5、 卸料限位块,
6、 大连杆,
7、 动臂前销轴,
8、 小连杆 I,
9、 连杆销轴, 10、 小连杆 II,
11、 耐摩套,
12、 锁销,
13、 锁销座,
14、 滚柱,
15、 控制凸套,
16、 凸套固定板,
17、 控制中套,
18、 控制外套,
19、 中套固定板,
20、 小连杆限位块,
21、 凸套固定螺栓,
22、 中套固定螺栓,
23、 动臂,
25、 高卸斗销轴 I,
26、 高卸斗销轴 II,
27、 控制外套凹槽,
28、 控制凸套凸台,
29、 控制凸套凹部,
30、 控制中套方孔。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的结构和使用。 如图 1至 14所示, 本发明的装载机高卸装置, 包括有高卸斗 4、 支架 3、 动臂 23, 支架 3两端分 '别与动臂 23和高卸斗 4枢接, 该装置还包括一大连杆 6, 其一端与高卸斗 4枢接, 另一端枢接有一小连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10, 该小 连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10的另一端推接于支架 3;在支架 3上部设有一锁合元件, 高卸斗 4上相应位置设有一被销合元件, 由锁合元件和被锁合元件的锁闭或 打开, 使高卸斗 4和支架 3构成刚性连接或相对转动; 所述动臂 23上设有小 连杆限位元件。
本发明在不加长装载机动臂、 不降低装载机动力性能指标的前提下, 无 须增加高卸附属液压系统和操纵机构, 仅仅更换拉杆和铲斗, 即将目前两联 阀普通装载机的卸载高度大幅度提高, 卸载距离得到增加, 并缩短卸料时间。
进一步, 在本实施例中于所述小连杆 I 8与动臂 23间设有当锁合元件和 被锁合元件打开时可限制小连杆 I 8与动臂 23相对转动自由度的控制机构。 该控制机构的作用在于: 当锁合元件和被锁合元件处于打开状态时, 防止高 卸斗 4因受外力作用而自动带动大连杆 6和小连杆 I 8、 Π 10向前倾翻, 造成 高卸斗 4运动的失控状态。
所述控制机构包括固定在小连杆 I 8 上的一控制外套 18 (本实施例仅在 小连杆 I上固定了控制外套, 其实在小连杆 II上同样也可加装控制外套, 在 此不再详述),控制外套 18内部配合一控制中套 17, 控制中套 17内部又配合 一控制凸套 15 , 该三种控制套与小连杆一起同轴枢接于支架 3的同一部位。 控制中套 17与中套固定板 19固定在一起, 中套固定板 19通过中套固定螺栓 22固定在动臂 23上。控制凸套 15与凸套固定板 16固定在一起, 凸套固定板 16通过凸套固定螺栓 21固定在支架 3上。 控制中套 17上沿径向对称开有两 方孔 30, 方孔 30内配合有一滚柱 14 , 滚柱 14在方孔 30内可沿中套径向滑 动或滚动。 控制外套 18上沿径向对称开有两凹槽 27 , 当滚柱 14滚入(或滑 入) 凹槽 27时, 即锁定了控制外套 18与控制中套 17之间的相对转动, 也即 完全限制了小连杆与动臂 23之间的转动自由度。
进一步, 如图所示, 所述锁合元件为一锁手拉杆 1, 该锁手拉杆 1一端枢 接于支架 3上部, 另一端与装载机摇臂枢接, 该锁手拉杆 1与支架 3枢接端 设有锁槽 2; 所述被锁合元件为可卡固于锁槽 2中的卡接件, 在本实施例中, 卡接件为固定于高卸斗 4的锁销座 13和设于锁销座 13上的锁销 12及套在锁 销 12外面的耐摩套 11,所述锁销 12为一根固定在锁销座 13内的销轴, 所述 耐摩套 11为一可绕锁销 12转动的圆套。 (作为另一种实施方式, 所述卡接件 还可为一 U形卡槽, 图中未示出)。
进一步, 如图 1所示, 所述小连杆限位元件为一设在动臂 23上的小连杆 限位块 20 (也可为一限位销)。 支架 3上设有卸料限位块 5, 小连杆限位块 20 和卸料限位块 5—起与小连杆相配合限制支架 3的转动。 高卸斗 4的底部设 有斗齿。
如图 1至 14所示, 高卸斗 4通过高卸斗销轴 I 25与支架 3枢接, 通过高 卸斗销轴 II 26与大连杆 6—端枢接, 大连杆 6另一端通过连杆销轴 9与小连 杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10枢接, 而小连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10的另一端则通过动臂 前销轴 7与支架 3、 动臂 23枢接(该方案为动臂 23和小连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10枢接在同一点,本发明中动臂 23和小连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10也可以不枢接 在同一点上, 其同样能够达到本发明的目的, 对此, 不再详述)。
高卸斗 4、 支架 3、 小连杆 1 8和小连杆 II 10及大连杆 6四者共同构成了 一个四连杆机构, 以下统称 "高卸四连杆"。 当锁销 12卡在该锁槽 2 内时, 锁手拉杆 1在装载机摇'臂的作用下, 将高卸斗 4与支架 3固定, 即锁定了高 卸斗 4与支架 3之间的相对转动, 高卸斗 4将无法绕高卸斗销轴 I 25旋转; 当锁销 12脱离开该锁槽 2的限制时, 如图 1和图 13所示, 滚柱 14已在控制 凸套 15的控制凸套凸台 28的作用下滚入(或滑入)控制外套 18的控制外套 凹槽 27,在控制外套 18、控制中套 17、控制凸套 15和滚柱 14的联合作用下, 将小连杆 I 8和动臂 23固定在了一起, 从而使 "高卸四连杆" 处于完全可控 状态, 高卸斗 4也只能在 "高卸四连杆" 的控制下绕高卸斗销轴 I 25旋转; 如图 10和图 12所示, 当本发明处于最低位置铲料状态或收斗状态时, 锁销 12卡在锁手拉杆 1的锁槽 2内, 从而避免了铲料时高卸斗 4与支架 3之间的 相对转动, 此时高卸斗 4与支架 3相当于一个刚性的整体式铲斗, 而此时滚 柱 14不在控制外套 18的凹槽内,处于控制中套方孔 30内和控制凸套凹部 29 内, 因而此状态下所述第二控制不起作用。 当铲斗装满物料随动臂 23从最低 位置(图 12 )举升到最高位置(图 13 ) 时, 由于各运动部件的相对运动, 小 '连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10开始与小连杆限位块 20接触, 运动受限; 锁销 12也 已几乎脱离了锁手拉杆 1的锁槽 2的约束(如图 13所示), 滚柱 14在控制凸 套 15的凸台 28作用下也已几乎完全滚入(或滑入)控制外套 18的凹槽 27 内, 此时若象通常一样操作翻斗操纵杆开始卸料, 则锁销 12将很快完全脱离 锁槽 2的约束, 控制凸套 15在随支架 3转动的同时, 也会利用其凸台 28快 速将滚柱 14完全推入控制外套 18的凹槽 27内, 从而完成从第一控制到第二 控制的过渡。 "高卸四连杆" 也会在支架 3绕动臂 23旋转的同时产生连动作 用, 迫使高卸斗 4绕支架 3旋转, 从而完成高卸动作。 具体运动机理详述如下: 当本发明的装载机高卸装置在如图 12所示, 被 举升到最高位置 (图 13 )并被控制开始卸料时, 首先支架 3开始绕其与动臂 23铰连接的动臂前销轴 7旋转, 此时由于小连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10的运动被 固定在动臂 23上的小连杆限位块 20限住, 因而小连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10无 法随支架 3—起旋转, 保持不动, 从而迫使大连杆 6推动高卸斗 4绕支架 3 前端的高卸斗销轴 I 25旋转, 加速了卸料过程。 由于 "高卸四连杆" 的这种 作用, 使得高卸斗 4在随支架 3绕动臂 23旋转的同时又与支架 3发生相对转 动, 在这两种旋转运动的双重作用下, 如图 1所示, 当支架 3旋转到大约在 水平位置时高卸斗 4的卸料角就已达到约 45度, 从而达到了增加卸载高度和 卸载距离的目的, 同时卸料时间也大为缩短, 卸料快捷。 当高卸斗 4 卸料角 达到 45度时, 如图 1所示, 卸料限位块 5与小连杆 1 8和小连杆 II 10相碰, 小连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10又将这种碰撞力传递给小连杆限位块 20, 从而阻止 了支架 3的旋转, 卸料动作即告完成。
现以卸料完毕后的最高位置为例介绍其收斗过程: 如图 1 所示, 此时高 卸斗 4 已在最高位置卸料完毕, 当操纵翻斗操纵杆开始收斗时, 支架 3在锁 手拉杆 1的作用下绕动臂前销轴 7顺时针旋转, 由于控制凸套 15是通过凸套 固定板 16固定在支架上的, 因而会跟随支架 3—起转动。 由于高卸斗 4既通 过高卸斗销轴 I 25与支架 3铰接, 又通过高卸斗销轴 II 26与大连杆 6铰接, 因此高卸斗 4的运动既受支架 3的约束, 又受大连杆 6的约束, 而大连杆 6 的另一端是与小连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10铰接的, 因此大连杆 6的运动同时又 受小连杆 I 8和小连杆 II 10的约束。 如图 1所示, 由于滚柱 14的一部分被控 制凸套凸台 28顶在了控制外套凹槽 27内而无法脱出, 而滚柱 14的另一部分 卡在控制中套方孔 30内, 从而使控制外套 18与控制中套 17固定在一起。 又 由于控制中套 17通过+套固定板 19固定在了动臂 23上, 而控制外套 18又 是固定在小连杆 1 8上的, 所以小连杆 1 8在控制外套 18、 滚柱 14、 控制中 套 17、 控制凸套 15的联合作用下也被固定在了动臂 23上, 此时大连杆 6的 运动也仅能绕连杆销轴 9顺时针旋转, 故如图 1所示当操纵翻斗操纵杆开始 收斗时, 高卸斗 4在支架 3的约束下一方面随支架 3—起绕动臂前销轴 Ί顺 时针旋转, 另一方面在大连杵 6的约束下随大连杆 6—起绕连杆销轴 9顺时 针旋转, 两种旋转运动综合作用的结果是高卸斗 4逐渐与支架 3闭合, 并且 在锁手拉杆 1 的持续作用下最终到达最大收斗角, 完成收斗过程, 达到如附 图 13所示的最高位置收斗状态。 此刻高卸斗 4与支架 3已完全闭合 (高卸斗
4后部与支架 3相碰),高卸斗 4的锁销 12也已到达锁手拉杆 1的锁槽 2位置, 第一控制开始发挥作用。 由于控制凸套凸台 28的外圆面已开始离开滚柱 14 , 控制凸套凹部 29 已开始进入与滚柱 14相配合的位置, 此时假设继续收斗, 小连杆 I 8将会开始随支架 3和高卸斗 4同步绕动臂前销轴 7顺时针旋转,与 始终固定在动臂 23上的控制中套 17发生相对转动,于是固定在小连杆 I 8上 的控制外套凹槽 27与控制中套方孔 30便不再正好相对, 产生错位, 并将滚 柱 14逐渐推入控制凸套 HJ部 29 (因滚柱 14已失去了控制凸套凸台 28对其产 生的支撑作用), 当滚柱 14完全退出控制外套凹槽 27时, 第二控制便完全失 去对高卸斗 4 的控制权, 完成从第二控制到第一控制的过渡。 其他任意位置 的收斗原理与此相同。
本发明在不加长装载机动臂、 不降低装载机动力性能指标的前提下, 无 须增加高卸附属液压系统和搡纵机构, 仅仅更换拉杆和铲斗, 即将目前两联 阀普通装载机 (例如 ZL30-ZL50型 ) 的卸载高度由目前的 3100mm (无斗齿 ) 大幅度提高到约 3810隱(无斗齿)以上, 卸载距离由目前的 1300mm增加到约 1600mm, 卸料时间缩短约 20%— 45%, 卸料动作快捷而有力, 卸料干净利落, 完全适应目前对装载机卸载高度越来越高的要求。 本发明成本低, 性能好, 性价比高, 能够产生较好的经济效益。

Claims

权利要求书
1.一种装载机高卸装置, 包括有高卸斗、 支架、 动臂, 支架两端分别与 动臂和高卸斗枢接, 其特征在于: 还包括一大连杆, 其一端与高卸斗枢接, 另一端枢接有一小连杆, 该小连杆另一端枢接于支架; 在支架上部设有一锁 ^元件, 高卸斗上相应位置设有一被锁合元件, 由锁合元件和被锁合元件的 锁闭或打开, 使高卸斗和支架构成刚性连接或相对转动; 所述动臂上设有小 连杆限位元件。
2.如权利要求 1 所述的装载机高卸装置, 其特征在于: 于所述小连杆与 动臂间设有当锁合元件和被锁合元件打开时可限制小连杆与动臂相对转动自 由度的控制机构。
3.如权利要求 2 所述的装载机高卸装置, 其特征在于: 所述控制机构包 括固定在小连杆上的一控制外套, 控制外套内部配合一控制中套, 控制中套 内部又配合一控制凸套, 该三种控制套与小连杆一起同轴枢接于支架的同一 部位; 控制中套与中套固定板固定在一起, 中套固定板固定在动臂上; 控制 凸套与凸套固定板固定在一起, 凸套固定板固定在支架上; 控制中套上沿径 向对称开有两方孔, 方孔内配合有一滚柱, 滚柱在方孔内可沿中套径向滑动 或滚动; 控制凸套上设有凸台和凹部; 控制外套上沿径向对称开设有两凹槽, 当滚柱滚入或滑入 M槽时, 即锁定了控制外套与控制中套之间的相对转动, 也即完全限制了小连杆与动臂之间的转动自由度。
4.如权利要求 1 所述的装载机高卸装置, 其特征在于: 所述小连杆和动 臂可枢接于支架的同一位置。
5.如权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的装载机高卸装置, 其特征在于: 所述锁合 元件为一锁手拉杆, 该锁手拉杆一端枢接于支架上部, 另一端与装载机摇臂 枢接, 该锁手拉杆与支架枢接端设有锁槽; 所述被锁合元件为可卡固于锁槽 中的卡接件。
6.如权利要求 5 所述的装载机高卸装置, 其特征在于: 所述卡接件为一 U形卡槽, 或为固定于高卸斗的锁销座和固定于锁销座上的锁销。
7.如权利要求 6 所述的装载机高卸装置, 其特征在于: 所述锁销的外面 套有耐摩套。
8.如权利要求 7 所述的装载机高卸装置, 其特征在于: 耐摩套可绕锁销 转动。
9.如权利要求 1至 8任一项所述的装载机高卸装置, 其特征在于: 所述 小连扞限位元件为一限位块或限位销。
10.如权利要求 1至 9任一项所述的装载机高卸装置, 其特征在于: 动臂 上设有小连杆限位块, 支架上设有卸料限位块, 两种限位块与小连杆相配合 联合作用限制支架的转动。
PCT/CN2004/000330 2003-10-10 2004-04-09 Dispositif de dechargement en hauteur de chargeur WO2005035881A1 (fr)

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CN101821458B (zh) * 2007-08-07 2012-10-10 株式会社小松制作所 铲斗的斗齿安装结构及安装销组件
CN114179709B (zh) * 2021-12-23 2022-09-16 北京航天新立科技有限公司 一种车载自适应筒型重载的锁紧与解锁装置

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