WO2005030689A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung von cyclododecanon - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von cyclododecanon Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005030689A2 WO2005030689A2 PCT/EP2004/010680 EP2004010680W WO2005030689A2 WO 2005030689 A2 WO2005030689 A2 WO 2005030689A2 EP 2004010680 W EP2004010680 W EP 2004010680W WO 2005030689 A2 WO2005030689 A2 WO 2005030689A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cyclododecene
- reaction
- cyclododecatriene
- nitrous oxide
- dinitrogen monoxide
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/28—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of CHx-moieties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/18—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a ring being at least seven-membered
- C07C2601/20—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a ring being at least seven-membered the ring being twelve-membered
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of cyclododecanone from cyclododecene, cyclododecene being oxidized to cyclododecanone by reaction with nitrous oxide.
- the present invention relates to a two-stage process in which cyclododecatriene is converted to cyclododecene by partial hydrogenation and the resulting cyclododecene is oxidized to cyclododecanone by reaction with nitrous oxide.
- Cyclododecanone is an important intermediate for the production of, for example, laurolactam, dodecanedicarboxylic acid and polyamides derived therefrom, such as nylon 12 or nylon 6.12.
- Cyclododecanone is produced in accordance with the current industrial process by air oxidation of cyclododecane in the presence of boric acid to cyclododecylborate, hydrolysis of the borate to cyclododecanol and subsequent dehydrogenation of the cyclododecanol. Cyclododecane itself is still obtained through the complete hydrogenation of cyclododecatriene (CDT).
- CDT cyclododecatriene
- the oxidation of cyclododecane with oxygen ensures an acceptable selectivity only with low conversions.
- boric acid which protects the cyclododecanol in the form of boric acid ester from further oxidation, the cyclododecane conversion must not exceed 30%.
- the boric acid esters must be hydrolyzed in a separate step and both the boric acid and the unreacted cyclododecane must be returned to the oxidation. This also creates boron-containing waste that is difficult to dispose of.
- the main products are cyclododecanol and cyclododecanone in a ratio of 10: 1.
- One of the objects underlying the present invention was therefore to provide a new process for the preparation of cyclododecanone.
- This object was achieved by a process in which cyclododecene is reacted with dinitrogen monoxide as the oxidizing agent to give cyclododecanone.
- these tasks were achieved by a process in which cyclododecene is prepared from cyclododecatriene by partial hydrogenation in one step and cyclododecene is reacted with dinitrogen monoxide as the oxidizing agent to cyclododecanone in a further step.
- Cyclododecene can furthermore be present as a cis isomer or as a trans isomer or as a mixture of ice and trans isomers.
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of cyclododecanone by reacting cyclododecene with dinitrogen monoxide.
- the dinitrogen monoxide used for the reaction can in principle be used in pure form or in the form of a suitable gas mixture containing dinitrogen monoxide. In principle, the dinitrogen monoxide can still come from any source.
- gas mixture denotes a mixture of two or more compounds which are in the gaseous state at ambient pressure and ambient temperature. At a changed temperature or pressure, the gas mixture can also be in a different state of matter, for example liquid or supercritical, preferably liquid, and is also referred to as a gas mixture in the context of the present invention.
- composition of the gas mixtures is given in% by volume.
- the information relates to the composition of the gas mixtures at ambient pressure and temperature.
- Inert gases include, for example, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, water, argon, methane, ethane and propane.
- Components, preferably gases, which do not behave as inert, preferably inert, gases in the reaction of N 2 O with cyclododecene can also be present in the gas mixture.
- gases include NO x or, for example, oxygen.
- NO x as used in the context of the present invention denotes all compounds N a O except N 2 O, where a is 1 or 2 and b is a number from 1 to 6.
- NO x the term "nitrogen oxides" is also used in the context of the present invention. In such a case, it is preferred to use gas mixtures whose content of these gases is in the range from 0 to 0.5% by volume, based on the total volume of the gas mixture.
- the present invention also describes a method as described above, which is characterized in that the gas mixture 0 to 0.5% by volume oxygen or 0 to 0.5% by volume nitrogen oxides or both 0 to 0.5% by volume oxygen and also contains 0 to 0.5% by volume of nitrogen oxides, in each case based on the total volume of the gas mixture.
- a value of, for example, 0.5% by volume denotes a total content of all possible nitrogen oxides other than N 2 O of 0.5% by volume.
- composition of the mixtures can be determined in the context of the present invention in any manner known to the person skilled in the art.
- the composition of the gas mixtures is preferably determined by gas chromatography in the context of the present invention. However, it can also be determined by means of UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy or wet chemical.
- dinitrogen monoxide or the gas mixture containing dinitrogen monoxide can be used in any form, in particular in gaseous or also in liquid form.
- Dinitrogen monoxide or the gas mixture containing dinitrogen monoxide can be liquefied by all methods known to the person skilled in the art, preferably by a suitable choice of pressure and temperature.
- dinitrogen monoxide or the gas mixture containing dinitrogen monoxide is first absorbed in a suitable solvent and thus added to the reaction.
- the nitrous oxide source is at least one exhaust gas from a chemical process containing nitrous oxide.
- the scope of the present invention also includes embodiments in which at least two exhaust gases containing nitrous oxide from a single plant serve as a source of nitrous oxide.
- Embodiments are also included in which at least one containing nitrous oxide Exhaust gas from a plant and at least one further nitrous oxide containing exhaust gas serve at least one other plant as a dinitrogen monoxide source.
- the present invention also relates to a method as described above, which is characterized in that at least one exhaust gas containing at least one industrial method serves as dinitrogen monoxide source.
- nitrous oxide for use in the process can be produced in a targeted manner in the process according to the invention.
- modification denotes any suitable method with which the chemical composition of an exhaust gas is changed. Accordingly, the term “modification” includes, among other things, embodiments in which an exhaust gas containing nitrous oxide is concentrated with respect to the nitrous oxide content according to at least one suitable method. Such processes are described, for example, in DE-OS 27 32 267, EP 1 076 217 A2 or WO 00/73202 A1, the content of which in this regard is incorporated in full by reference into the context of the present application.
- the gas mixture can also be subjected to a modification in order to reduce the concentration of inert and disruptive compounds in the gas mixture.
- this modification can include, for example, absorption of the gas mixture in a suitable solvent and subsequent desorption in order to remove inert compounds from the gas mixture.
- a suitable solution Water for example, is described for absorption, as described in DT 20 40 219.
- the treatment of the gas mixture can also include a purification step for separating NO x from the gas mixture.
- a purification step for separating NO x is basically known from the prior art. According to the invention, all methods known to those skilled in the art for separating NO x can be used.
- the exhaust gas is subjected to a treatment comprising absorption in a suitable solvent and subsequent desorption in order to remove inert compounds.
- a suitable solvent is, for example, water, as described in DT 20 40 219.
- At least one further solvent or a mixture of cyclododecene and at least one further solvent can be used for adsorption.
- Such further solvents are, for example, all suitable common organic solvents.
- Preferred solvents include N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate, sulfolane or N, N-dimethylacetamide. If at least one further solvent or a mixture of cyclododecene and at least one further solvent is used, then, in a further preferred embodiment, the dinitrogen monoxide is at least partially, preferably essentially completely, recovered from the solution enriched with dinitrogen monoxide and added to the reaction according to the invention - leads.
- the chemical composition of an exhaust gas can also be changed by adding pure nitrous oxide to the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas containing at least one nitrous oxide comes from an adipic acid system, a dodecanedioic acid system, a hydroxylamine system or and / and a nitric acid system, the latter in turn preferably being operated with at least one exhaust gas from an adipic acid system, a dodecanedioic acid system or a hydroxylamine system ,
- the exhaust gas stream from an adipic acid plant is used, in which 0.8 to 1.0 mol of N 2 O are generally formed by oxidation of cyclohexanol / cyclohexanone mixtures with nitric acid per mole of adipic acid formed.
- the exhaust gases from adipic acid plants contain different constituents in different concentrations such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, water and volatile organic compounds.
- the exhaust gas stream from an adipic acid plant or a dodecanedioic acid plant can be used directly in the process according to the invention.
- the exhaust gas stream from the adipic acid plant or a dodecanedioic acid plant is preferably cleaned before use for converting the cyclododecene.
- the content of oxygen and / or nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas stream is advantageously set to contents in the range from 0 to 0.5% by volume.
- AK Uirarte et al. discloses various ways in which such an exhaust gas stream can be cleaned for use in the catalytic benzene hydroxylation.
- the exhaust gas stream of an adipic acid plant or a dodecanedioic acid plant is particularly preferably purified in the event that it contains more than 0.5% by volume of oxygen and / or nitrogen oxides.
- the present invention also describes a method as described above, which is characterized in that the exhaust gas stream from an adipic acid system or a dodecanedioic acid system is used to convert the cyclododecene.
- the exhaust gas stream from a nitric acid plant is used which is wholly or partly fed with exhaust gases from other processes containing nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxides.
- nitrogen oxides are adsorbed and mostly converted to nitric acid, while nitrous oxide is not converted.
- such a nitric acid system can be fed by nitrogen oxides, which are produced by the targeted combustion of ammonia, and by exhaust gases from an adipic acid system and / or by exhaust gases from a dodecanedioic acid system. It is also possible to feed such a nitric acid plant solely by exhaust gases from an adipic acid plant and / or by exhaust gases from a dodecanedioic acid plant.
- the exhaust gases from such nitric acid plants generally contain other constituents in different concentrations, such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, water and volatile organic compounds.
- the exhaust gas stream from a nitric acid plant can be used directly in the process according to the invention.
- the exhaust gas stream of the nitric acid plant is preferably cleaned before use for converting the cyclododecene.
- the content of oxygen and / or nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas stream is advantageously set to contents in the range from 0 to 0.5% by volume. Suitable processes with which these values can be set are described above in the context of the adipic acid plant and dodecanedioic acid plant. Distillative purification and thus distillative concentration are also particularly preferred in the context of the exhaust gases from the nitric acid plant.
- the present invention also describes a process as described above, which is characterized in that the offgas stream containing nitrous oxide from a nitric acid plant is used to convert the cyclododecene.
- the present invention accordingly describes a method as described above, which is characterized in that the optionally preferably distillatively purified waste gas stream from the nitric acid plant contains oxygen and / or nitrogen oxides in a range from 0 to 0.5% by volume.
- the waste gas stream of a hydroxylamine plant is used, in which, for example, ammonia is first oxidized to NO with air or oxygen, small amounts of nitrous oxide being formed as a by-product.
- the NO is then hydrogenated to hydroxylamine with hydrogen.
- nitrous oxide is inert under the hydrogenation conditions, it accumulates in the hydrogen cycle.
- the purge stream of a hydroxylamine plant contains nitrous oxide. monoxide in the range of 9 to 13 vol .-% in hydrogen. This purge stream can be used as such for the implementation according to the invention. It is also possible to suitably concentrate this stream with respect to the dinitrogen monoxide content, as described above.
- the present invention also relates to a method as described above, which is characterized in that the dinitrogen monoxide source is the exhaust gas from an adipic acid system and / or a dodecanedioic acid system and / or a hydroxylamine system and / or with the exhaust gas from an adipic acid system and / or a dodecanedioic acid system and / or a nitric acid plant operated by a hydroxylamine plant.
- the dinitrogen monoxide source is the exhaust gas from an adipic acid system and / or a dodecanedioic acid system and / or a hydroxylamine system and / or with the exhaust gas from an adipic acid system and / or a dodecanedioic acid system and / or a nitric acid plant operated by a hydroxylamine plant.
- the present invention also describes an integrated process for the preparation of cyclododecanone, which comprises at least the following steps (i) and (ii):
- nitrous oxide for use in the process can be produced in a targeted manner in the process according to the invention.
- At least one suitable solvent or diluent can be used.
- Cyclododecane or cyclododecanone may be mentioned as such, with essentially all common solvents and / or diluents are suitable provided that they have neither a CC double bond nor a CC triple bond or an aldehyde group.
- the reaction of the cyclododecene with dinitrogen monoxide can be carried out continuously or in a batch mode, combinations of a continuous and batch mode also being possible. Continuous process control is preferred.
- reactors All suitable reactors are to be mentioned as reactors.
- the reaction of cyclododecene with dinitrogen monoxide or a gas mixture containing dinitrogen monoxide can be carried out in at least one CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor) with internal or external heat exchanger, in at least one tube reactor, in at least one loop reactor or a combination of at least two of these reactors.
- CSTR Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
- internal or external heat exchanger in at least one tube reactor, in at least one loop reactor or a combination of at least two of these reactors.
- Such zones can differ, for example, in reaction conditions such as temperature or pressure and / or in the geometry of the zone such as volume or cross section.
- An axial temperature profile is also conceivable, which can be realized, for example, by direct current cooling and appropriate adjustment of the coolant quantity.
- the present invention also describes a process as described above, which is characterized in that the reaction of the cyclododecene with dinitrogen monoxide is carried out in at least one tubular reactor.
- the cyclododecene is preferably reacted at a temperature in the range from 140 to 350 ° C., more preferably in the range from 200 to 325 ° C. and particularly preferably in the range from 225 to 300 ° C.
- the present invention also relates to a process as described above, which is characterized in that the reaction is carried out continuously in at least one tubular reactor at a temperature in the range from 140 to 350.degree.
- the pressure in the reaction vessel preferably in at least one tubular reactor, is generally at values which are greater than or equal to, preferably greater than the intrinsic pressure of the starting material mixture or of the product mixture at the selected reaction temperature or the selected reaction temperatures in the reaction vessel.
- the reaction pressures are in the range from 1 to 14,000 bar, preferably in the range from autogenous pressure to 3000 bar, particularly preferably in the range from autogenous pressure to 1000 bar and particularly preferably in the range from autogenous pressure to 500 bar.
- the residence time of the reaction mixture in the reactor is generally up to 30 h, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 30 h, more preferably in the range from 0.25 to 25 h, particularly preferably in the range from 0.3 to 20 h and particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 to 20 h.
- the molar ratio of the dinitrogen monoxide: cyclododecene starting materials is generally up to 5: 1, preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 4: 1, more preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 3: 1 and particularly preferably in the range from 1.01 : 1 to 2: 1.
- the molar ratio is, for example, 0.5 to 5, in particular 0.07 to 2, preferably 0.1 to 2, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.
- the reaction conditions are particularly preferably selected such that the conversion of cyclododecene is in the range from 30 to 95%, particularly preferably in the range from 40 to 85% and particularly preferably in the range from 50 to 80%. According to an alternative embodiment, the reaction conditions are chosen so that the conversion of cyclododecene is in the range from 5 to 95%, preferably from 7 to 80%, in particular from 10 to 50%.
- conversion denotes the total conversion of cyclododecene. If only cis-cyclododecene or exclusively trans-cyclododecene is used as the starting material, the total conversion corresponds to the conversion of the respective isomer. If a mixture of ice and trans isomers containing x mol% cis isomer and y mol% trans isomer is used as the starting material, and the cis isomer is converted to m% and the trans isomer to n% , the total turnover is calculated as the sum mx + ny.
- a temperature is selected which is preferably in the range from 140 to 300 ° C., more preferably in the range from 180 to 290 ° C. and particularly preferably in the range from 225 to 275 ° C.
- the trans isomer is mainly oxidized to cyclododecanone.
- the present invention also relates to a process as described above, which is characterized in that a mixture comprising cis-cyclododecene and trans-cyclododecene is reacted with dinitrogen monoxide in two stages.
- the present invention also relates to a process as described above, which is characterized in that in the first stage the reaction at a temperature in the range from 140 to 300 ° C. and in the second stage the reaction at a temperature in the range from 165 to 350 ° C is carried out, the temperature in the first stage is lower than the temperature in the second stage.
- reaction parameters such as pressure, residence time or reaction vessels of the two stages of the preferred two-stage process mentioned above
- the two-stage process described above can be implemented according to all suitable process procedures.
- the two-stage process can be carried out in at least two reactors, the lower temperature being set in at least one reactor and the higher temperature being set in at least one further reactor.
- a tubular reactor with an axial temperature profile that is to be implemented, for example, as described above is particularly preferred.
- At least two different reactors are used in the two-stage process, at least one intermediate treatment of the reaction mixture can take place between at least two of these reactors.
- Possible intermediate treatments include: - heating of the reaction material;
- educt Dosing at least one educt.
- dinitrogen monoxide and / or cyclododecene can be added.
- this can be fresh starting material and / or cyclododecene, which is not converted in the second stage and is separated from the product stream by at least one suitable measure and is returned to the process.
- At least one catalyst is added which is capable of under the reaction conditions chosen for the reaction of the cyclododecene to catalyze the establishment of the equilibrium between ice and trans isomers.
- At least one catalyst is particularly preferably used in the process according to the invention, as is also used for hydrogenations, for example of olefins or polyenes.
- Isomerization catalysts which contain at least one transition metal such as Ru, among other things, are particularly preferably used in the process according to the invention.
- the isomerization catalysts used to establish the equilibrium between the ice and trans isomers can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. It is also possible to use at least one homogeneous and at least one heterogeneous catalyst.
- the heterogeneous catalysts can be used as suspension or as fixed bed catalysts. It is also possible to use both at least one heterogeneous suspension catalyst and at least one heterogeneous fixed bed catalyst, if appropriate in addition to at least one homogeneous catalyst. At least one homogeneous catalyst is particularly preferably used.
- Such catalysts are (TPP) 2 (CO) 3 Ru, [Ru (CO) 4 ] 3l (TPP) 2 Ru (CO) 2 CI 2 , (TPP) 3 (CO) RuH 2 , (TPP) 2 (CO ) 2 RuH 2 ,
- a very particularly preferred catalyst is (TPP) 2 (CO) 2 RuCI 2 or a corresponding Cl-free variant such as, for example, (TPP) 2 (CO) 2 RuH 2 , where TPP stands for triphenylphosphine.
- the catalyst used is produced in situ in the process according to the invention.
- the compounds ruthenium chloride, ruthenium acetate, ruthenium acetylacetonate or other Ru compounds are preferred.
- aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids can be used as the carboxylic acid. Preference is given to using those which are soluble in the reaction system under the reaction conditions. Examples are about -C-C 20 monocarboxylic acids, C 2 -C 6 dicarboxylic acids, cyclohexylcarboxylic acid, benzoic acid, terephthalic acid, phthalic acid or phenylacetic acid. Particularly preferred acids are aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids, especially acetic acid, propionic acid and C 2 -C 2 o-fatty acids, succinic acid and adipic acid.
- At least one CO source is particularly preferably added.
- This can be CO itself.
- Other possible CO sources are, for example, formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol or other suitable primary alcohols such as benzyl alcohol or diols or polyols with at least one primary alcohol group such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or glycerin.
- the oxidation of cyclododecene according to the invention generally results in a product mixture.
- This product mixture preferably contains in the range from 30 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably from 40 to 90% by weight and particularly preferably from 50 to 80% by weight, of cyclododecanone, in each case based on the total weight of the product mixture after cooling to 20 ° C and relaxation to normal pressure.
- the product mixture contains, for example, from 5 to 95% by weight of cyclododecanone, preferably from 7 to 80% by weight, in particular from 10 to 50% by weight.
- the product mixture contains, if appropriate, catalyst used and not separated off before the oxidation stage, unreacted cyclododecene and, if appropriate, compounds introduced into the oxidation with the starting material, such as, for example, cyclododecane, and, in the reaction with dinitrogen monoxide, optionally with reacted compounds as described below is.
- the isomerization catalyst used for the reaction can subsequently either be recycled into the process, discarded or worked up, for example in order to recover the at least one metal contained in the catalyst. If the catalyst is returned to the process, it can either be returned to the process step of the reaction with dinitrogen monoxide or to any other step which the process according to the invention can additionally have.
- the process according to the invention has, as such an additional step, the partial hydrogenation of at least one cyclododecatriene, the partial hydrogenation mentioned being able to take place more preferably in the presence of the same catalyst which is used as an isomerization catalyst for equilibrium formation between the cis and trans isomer of the cyclododecene is used. Accordingly, the separated catalyst can also be fed to this partial hydrogenation, it being possible for the catalyst to be subjected to a suitable regeneration step before the feed.
- the cyclododecene used as starting material which can either be used as cis-isomer or as trans-isomer or as a mixture of ice and trans-isomer, can in principle originate from any source.
- trimerization of pure 1,3-butadiene as described, for example, in T. Schiffer, G. Oenbrink, "Cyclodecatriene, Cyclooctadiene, and 4-Vinylcyclohexene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th Edition (2000), Electronic Release, Wiley VCH.
- trimerization in the presence of Ziegler catalysts produces cis, trans, trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene, cis, cis, trans-1, 5,9-cyclododecatriene and all-trans-1, 5, 9-cyclododecatriene, as described, for example, in H.
- the present invention also describes a process as described above, which is characterized in that the cyclododecatriene is prepared by trimerization of 1,3-butadiene using a titanium catalyst.
- titanium catalysts While in principle all suitable titanium catalysts can be used for trimerization, the one described in the article by Weber et al. titanium tetrachloride / ethyl aluminum sesquichloride catalyst described is particularly preferred.
- the butadiene used for the trimerization particularly preferably has a degree of purity, determined by gas chromatography, of at least 99.6% and more preferably of at least 99.65%.
- the 1,3-butadiene used particularly preferably contains no 1,2-butadiene and no 2-butyne within the scope of the detection accuracy.
- This preferred trimerization generally gives mixtures which contain at least 95% by weight, preferably at least 96% by weight and further preferably at least 97% by weight of cis, trans, trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene.
- the mixtures particularly preferably contain approximately 98% by weight of cis, trans, trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a process for the preparation of cyclododecanone, which comprises steps (I) and (II):
- the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of cyclododecanone which comprises steps (I) and (II) and which is characterized in that the cyclododecatriene used in step (I) is prepared by trimerization of 1,3-butadiene.
- the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of cyclododecanone, which comprises steps (I) and (II), the cyclododecatriene used in step (I) being prepared by trimerization of 1,3-butadiene, which is characterized in that is that the trimerization takes place in the presence of a titanium catalyst and the cyclododecatriene is cis, trans, trans-1, 5,9-cyclododecatriene.
- the present invention also relates to a process as described above, which is characterized in that the cyclododecene is obtained from the catalytic partial hydrogenation of cyclododecatriene.
- the present invention also describes an integrated process for the preparation of cyclododecanone, which comprises at least the following steps (a) and (b) and (i) and (ii):
- Example 2 of this document with the addition of water, a cyclododecatriene conversion of 98.4% is achieved after a reaction time of 4 h. The cyclododecene yield obtained is not described.
- Example 1 of this document with the addition of a little less water than in Example 2, an only unsatisfactory conversion of 85.8% is achieved after a reaction time of 8 hours.
- the catalytic partial hydrogenation of cyclododecatriene to cyclododecene can be carried out according to all suitable methods.
- the catalytic partial hydrogenation can be carried out using homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts, it being possible for the heterogeneous catalysts to be used as a suspension or as a fixed bed.
- Preferred heterogeneous catalyst systems are those which contain at least one of the elements Pd, Pt, Ru, Ir, Ni and Rh as the active hydrogenation metal.
- catalysts While in principle all suitable homogeneous catalysts can be used, preference is given to those which contain Ru as the active hydrogenation metal. Further particularly preferably, catalysts are used, as are described in US Pat. No. 5,180,870, US Pat. No. 5,321,176, US Pat. No. 5,177,278, US Pat. No. 3,804,914, US Pat. No. 5,210,349, US Pat. No. 5,128,296, US Pat. No. 316,917 and in DR Fahey in J. Org. 80-87 are described, the disclosure of which is incorporated in full in the context of the present application.
- Such catalysts are (TPP) 2 (CO) 3 Ru, [Ru (CO) 4 ] 3 , (TPP) 2 Ru (CO) 2Cl2, (TPP) 3 (CO) RuH 2 , (TPP) 2 (CO) 2 RuH 2 , (TPP) 2 (CO) 2 RuCIH or (TPP) 3 (CO) RuCI 2 .
- a very particularly preferred catalyst is (TPP) 2 (CO) 2 RuCi 2 or a corresponding Cl-free variant such as (TPP) 2 (CO) 2 RuH 2 , where TPP stands for triphenylphosphine.
- the catalyst used for the partial hydrogenation is produced in situ in the process according to the invention.
- the compounds ruthenium chloride, ruthenium acetate, ruthenium acetylacetonate or other Ru compounds are preferred.
- At least one of the compounds NR 3 , PR 3 , AsR 3 or SbR 3 is additionally added to the hydrogenation reaction, where R for an alkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl or aryl radical preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Triphenylphosphine is particularly preferred in the context of the present invention.
- the catalyst is separated from the reaction mixture after partial hydrogenation has taken place.
- the separated catalyst is fed to any process and very particularly preferably returned to the process according to the invention.
- the catalyst is particularly preferably removed in at least one distillation, the product of the partial hydrogenation, cyclododecene, being removed overhead and the catalyst, optionally with proportions of cyclododecene, being removed via the bottom.
- the partial hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of at least one carboxylic acid, as described in DE 198 56 862 A1, the content of which in this regard is incorporated in full by reference into the context of the present application.
- the amount of acid added per kg of cyclododecatriene is generally 0.001 to 100 g, preferably 0.01 to 50 g and particularly preferably 0.05 to 25 g.
- CO source This can be CO itself.
- CO sources are, for example, formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol or other suitable primary alcohols such as benzyl alcohol or diols or polyols with at least one primary alcohol group such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or glycerol.
- the partial hydrogenation in the process according to the invention generally takes place at temperatures in the range from 50 to 300 ° C., preferably in the range from 80 to 250 ° C. and particularly preferably in the range from 100 to 200 ° C.
- the reaction pressures are in the range from 1 to 300 bar, preferably in the range from 1 to 200 bar and particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 100 bar.
- reactors which are stirred or mixed by pumps are preferred as reactors, and the introduction of hydrogen should be as efficient as possible. This can e.g. can be achieved by breakwaters in stirred systems or by baffles in general.
- the heat released is simultaneously dissipated and, for example, steam is thus generated.
- This procedure is preferably carried out, for example, in at least one tube bundle reactor. If tubular reactor systems are used, it is advantageous, for example, to accelerate the mixing in of hydrogen by means of suitable internals, as is customary, for example, in packed bubble columns.
- a first reactor can be thoroughly mixed, which can be achieved, for example, by returning the product by means of a pump, while only a second and possibly a third reactor are flowed through, with hydrogen possibly being added.
- a conversion in the range of 80 to 98% is achieved in the first reactor, while the secondary reactor or reactors ensure the residual conversion.
- cyclododecatriene When starting up the hydrogenation, it is particularly preferred not to introduce the starting material cyclododecatriene, or not in pure form, together with the catalyst and / or catalyst precursor, since undesirable exothermic reactions can occur.
- at least one suitable solvent or diluent can be added.
- Cyclododecane, cyclododecene, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons or mixtures of two or more thereof may be mentioned as such.
- cyclododecene or cyclododecane or a mixture of cyclododecene and cyclododecane or a mixture of cyclododecene and cyclododecatriene or a mixture of cyclododecane and cyclododecatriene or a mixture of cyclododecene, cyclododecane and cyclododecatriene are introduced. While the content of cyclododecatriene in the corresponding mixtures is generally not critical, in continuous processes it is preferably in the range of up to 30% by weight, particularly preferably up to 25% by weight and particularly preferably up to 20% by weight. %.
- the present invention also describes a process as described above, which is characterized in that when starting the partial hydrogenation, a mixture of cyclododecane and / or cyclododecene is introduced together with cyclododecatriene, the cyclododecatriene content of this mixture being in the range up to 30 wt .-% is.
- the cyclododecene is obtained as a mixture of ice and trans isomers.
- the molar ratio of cis-isomer to trans-isomer is in the range from 0.35: 1 to 2.0: 1, preferably in the range from 0.4: 1 to 2.0: 1.
- the product mixture generally contains cyclododecane in a range from 0.1 to 8% by weight, preferably in a range from 0.3 to 7% by weight, for example from 0.3 to 5% by weight or in a range from 0.5 to 6.5% by weight and particularly preferably in a range from 0.5 to 3% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the product mixture.
- the product mixture can contain traces of cyclododecadienes and / or unreacted cyclododecatriene and / or catalyst.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that the cyclododecatriene used is completely converted to cyclododecene.
- the product mixture contains the unreacted starting material cyclododecatriene in an amount of less than 0.5% by weight, preferably less than 0.25% by weight and particularly preferably less than 0.1% by weight, % By weight and particularly preferably less than 0.1% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the product mixture.
- unconverted cyclododecatriene can be separated from the product mixture by at least one suitable method, for example preferably at least one distillation measure, and returned to the process. It is particularly preferred in the process according to the invention not to separate it from the product mixture from the partial hydrogenation owing to the very high conversion of cyclododecatriene and to supply traces of cyclododecatriene together with the cyclododecene for oxidation with dinitrogen monoxide.
- the at least one catalyst used for the partial hydrogenation is separated from the product mixture of the partial hydrogenation. Depending on the catalyst used, this separation can be carried out in accordance with any suitable procedure.
- a heterogeneous catalyst is used as the suspension catalyst as the catalyst in the partial hydrogenation, this is preferably separated off in the context of the present invention by at least one filtration step.
- the catalyst separated in this way can subsequently either be returned to the process or used in another process, discarded or worked up, for example in order to recover the at least one metal contained in the catalyst.
- a homogeneous catalyst is used as the catalyst in the partial hydrogenation, it is preferably separated off in the context of the present invention by at least one distillation step.
- One or two or more distillation columns can be used in this distillation.
- the product mixture from the partial hydrogenation is separated into at least 2 fractions in the at least one distillation column.
- the high boiler fraction essentially contains the entire amount of the homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst used.
- the catalyst separated in this way can, if appropriate after at least one suitable regeneration step, subsequently either be returned to the process, discarded or worked up, for example in order to recover the at least one metal contained in the catalyst. It is also possible to use the separated catalyst in another process.
- part of the homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst separated in this way is recycled into the process and the rest of the separated catalyst from the Process recycled and the rest of the separated catalyst removed from the process.
- the main fraction from the above-mentioned distillative workup of the product mixture from the partial hydrogenation essentially contains cyclododecene, with small amounts of cyclododecane and possibly traces of cyclododecadienes, as has already been described above.
- this main fraction is fed to the oxidation with dinitrogen monoxide.
- the catalyst used for this equilibrium setting is the same catalyst as for the partial hydrogenation of the cyclododecatriene.
- a significant procedural advantage of the process according to the invention is the fact that when the same homogeneous catalyst is used for partial hydrogenation and oxidation with nitrous oxide, the catalyst does not have to be separated from the partial hydrogenation product mixture, but instead this mixture can be fed directly to the oxidation with dinitrogen monoxide without complex separation of the catalyst by distillation.
- the present invention also relates to a process as described above, which is characterized in that a mixture resulting from the hydrogenation of cyclododecatriene to cyclododecene in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst, comprising cyclododecene and homogeneous catalyst, is used as starting material for the reaction with nitrous oxide becomes.
- the catalyst it is further possible to separate only a part of the catalyst from the product mixture of the partial hydrogenation and to feed the resulting mixture, containing cyclododecene and the remaining part of the catalyst, to oxidation with dinitrogen monoxide.
- at least one further catalyst can optionally be added during the oxidation with dinitrogen monoxide.
- the process according to the invention for the production of cyclododecanone described above offers, inter alia, the advantage that cyclododecanone is obtained in a few steps and at the same time with high selectivity.
- a further considerable advantage is the fact that waste gases from preferably industrial plants containing nitrous oxide can be used as an educt for the process according to the invention, which are available on the one hand without great effort and which on the other hand enable the process according to the invention to be integrated into an existing plant network, as a result of which Transport route for the educt can be kept to a minimum, and which, as potential greenhouse gases, do not have to be subjected to special treatment for disposal, but flow directly into a valuable product.
- FIG. 1 The present invention is illustrated by FIG. 1 described below and the following examples.
- FIG. 1 describes the continuous hydrogenation of cyclododecatriene to cyclododecene, which is preferred in the context of the present invention, using a homogeneous catalyst, as described, for example, in Example 2.
- Cyclododecatriene starting material (8) is pumped (11) with the addition of water. serstoff (7) in a first, continuously operated reactor (1) where a first hydrogenation step takes place.
- the reaction discharge from the reactor (1) is pumped off and split by pump (12), part of the reaction discharge being returned to the reactor (1) for dilution and the other part of the reaction discharge being fed into a second, also continuously operated reactor ( 2), the post-reactor, is performed.
- the reaction discharge from the reactor (2) is separated into a liquid phase and a gas phase in a separator (9) and the exhaust gas (5) is removed from the separator (9).
- the liquid phase is released to ambient pressure and fed to a thin-film evaporator (3) driven by a motor (6).
- the product cyclododecene (4) is obtained as the distillate and a liquid phase as the bottom product (10), which is returned to the reactor (1) by pump (13).
- This liquid phase contains the homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst and part of the product (4) as a solvent for the catalyst.
- Example 1 Discontinuous hydrogenation of cyclododecatriene to cyclododecene
- the reaction product was separated in a thin-layer evaporator in such a way that about 10 g / h bottom product and 190 g / h distillate were obtained.
- the bottom product was pumped back into the first reactor by means of a pump. After 24 hours of operation, the distillate contained about 97% cyclododecene, 2.6% cyclododecane and some other products that were insignificant in terms of quantity.
- cyclododecene (as a mixture with 64% trans and 33% cis content, product from Example 2) was placed in a 250 ml autoclave.
- the autoclave was then sealed and flushed with N 2 .
- the autoclave was then pressurized with NO up to 50 bar.
- the temperature was then increased to 250 ° C. (maximum pressure during the reaction: 84 bar).
- the autoclave was cooled and let down.
- the contents of the autoclave were already partially crystallized.
- the contents were melted at 60 ° C and a homogeneous sample was taken. After dilution with toluene, the sample was analyzed by quantitative GC.
- trans-cyclododecene The conversion of trans-cyclododecene was 98%.
- the conversion of cis-cyclododecene was 24%.
- the total conversion of cyclododecene was 71%.
- the selectivity to cyclododecanone was more than 95%.
- cyclododecene product mixture from Example 1 which still contained Ru catalyst
- the autoclave was then sealed and flushed with N 2 .
- the autoclave was then pressurized to 50 bar with N 2 O.
- the temperature was then increased to 250 ° C. (maximum pressure during the reaction: 79 bar).
- the autoclave was cooled and let down.
- the contents of the autoclave were already partially crystallized.
- the contents were melted at 60 ° C and a homogeneous sample was taken. After dilution with toluene, the sample was analyzed by quantitative GC.
- the conversion of trans-cyclododecene was 75%.
- the conversion of cis-cyclododecene was 21%.
- the selectivity to cyclododecanone was more than 95%.
- Example 5 was repeated, the product mixture from the partial hydrogenation comprising cyclododecene first being freed from the Ru catalyst by distillation.
- the conversion of trans-cyclododecene in this case was 75%.
- the conversion of cis-cyclododecene was less than 1% (instead of 21% in Example 5).
- the selectivity to cyclododecanone was more than 95%.
- Example 5 The product obtained according to Example 5 was pressed again with N 2 O to a final pressure of 50 bar at room temperature without further treatment, and the mixture was stirred at 295 ° C. for 20 hours (maximum pressure during the reaction: 245 bar). The autoclave was then cooled and let down. To analyze the product, the contents were melted at 60 ° C and a homogeneous sample was taken. After dilution with toluene, the sample was analyzed by quantitative GC. The conversion of trans-cyclododecene was 99%. The conversion of cis-cyclododecene was 32%. The selectivity to cyclododecanone was more than 95 o // o. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE502004006603T DE502004006603D1 (de) | 2003-09-25 | 2004-09-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung von cyclododecanon |
EP04786993A EP1663932B1 (de) | 2003-09-25 | 2004-09-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung von cyclododecanon |
JP2006527346A JP4436839B2 (ja) | 2003-09-25 | 2004-09-23 | シクロドデカノンの製造方法 |
US10/573,327 US20080275276A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2004-09-23 | Method for Producing Cyclododecanone |
US12/470,994 US7838705B2 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2009-05-22 | Process for the preparation of cyclododecanone |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE10344594A DE10344594A1 (de) | 2003-09-25 | 2003-09-25 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cyclododecanon |
DE10344594.3 | 2003-09-25 |
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US10/573,327 A-371-Of-International US20080275276A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2004-09-23 | Method for Producing Cyclododecanone |
US12/470,994 Continuation US7838705B2 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2009-05-22 | Process for the preparation of cyclododecanone |
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WO2005030689A2 true WO2005030689A2 (de) | 2005-04-07 |
WO2005030689A3 WO2005030689A3 (de) | 2005-05-26 |
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US (2) | US20080275276A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1663932B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4436839B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100434411C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE389626T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10344594A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2300826T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005030689A2 (de) |
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WO2010070086A2 (de) | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-24 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur enzymatischen umsetzung von alkanen |
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WO2018141771A1 (de) * | 2017-02-03 | 2018-08-09 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von cyclododecanon |
US11370752B2 (en) | 2017-02-03 | 2022-06-28 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Process for preparing cyclododecanone |
EP3901121A4 (de) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-09-28 | Hanwha Solutions Corporation | Verfahren zur rückgewinnung und wiederverwendung eines selektiven homogenen hydrierkatalysators |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE389626T1 (de) | 2008-04-15 |
CN1856459A (zh) | 2006-11-01 |
EP1663932B1 (de) | 2008-03-19 |
US20090227815A1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
US7838705B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 |
EP1663932A2 (de) | 2006-06-07 |
US20080275276A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
ES2300826T3 (es) | 2008-06-16 |
DE502004006603D1 (de) | 2008-04-30 |
JP4436839B2 (ja) | 2010-03-24 |
CN100434411C (zh) | 2008-11-19 |
DE10344594A1 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
JP2007506694A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
WO2005030689A3 (de) | 2005-05-26 |
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