WO2005018035A1 - 燃料電池発電システムおよびその改質器の劣化度検出方法、燃料電池発電方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池発電システムおよびその改質器の劣化度検出方法、燃料電池発電方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005018035A1 WO2005018035A1 PCT/JP2004/012217 JP2004012217W WO2005018035A1 WO 2005018035 A1 WO2005018035 A1 WO 2005018035A1 JP 2004012217 W JP2004012217 W JP 2004012217W WO 2005018035 A1 WO2005018035 A1 WO 2005018035A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- flow rate
- power generation
- reformer
- deterioration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- FIG. 9 shows a conventional fuel cell power generation system described in the above reference 1.
- the temperature of the reformed gas inside the reformer 2 is measured by the temperature sensor 9, and the deterioration diagnosing unit 10 diagnoses the deterioration state of the reformer 2 using the measured reformed gas temperature.
- a first aspect of the present invention is to provide a reformer for producing a hydrogen-rich fuel gas by reacting a raw material with steam.
- Steam flow rate detection means for detecting the flow rate of the steam supplied to the reformer
- Fuel gas flow rate detecting means for detecting a flow rate of the fuel gas generated by the reformer
- Fuel cell power generation system comprising:
- a third invention provides a reformer for producing a hydrogen-rich fuel gas by reacting a raw material with steam.
- Differential pressure detecting means for detecting a difference between the pressures of the fuel gas at two predetermined points in the fuel gas flow path
- a fifth aspect of the present invention provides a reformer for producing a hydrogen-rich fuel gas by reacting a raw material with steam.
- a fuel cell that generates power by reacting the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas; and a raw material flow detecting unit that detects a flow rate of the raw material supplied to the reformer;
- the reaction temperature of the reformer is adjusted so as to be equal to or higher than a fuel gas flow rate capable of generating power in the fuel cell in response to the degree of deterioration detected by the degree of deterioration detection means.
- the fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first, third and fifth aspects of the present invention, further comprising a reformer heating means for raising the temperature.
- a tenth aspect of the present invention is a power generation output control means for receiving a deterioration degree detected by the deterioration degree detection means and performing control to reduce a power generation output to an output capable of generating power in the fuel cell or less.
- the fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first, third, and fifth aspects of the present invention, further comprising:
- the water vapor concentration detecting means may detect the water vapor concentration by detecting a dew point of the fuel gas flowing through the fuel gas flow path. It is a fuel cell power generation system of the invention.
- a deterioration degree reduction rate is obtained from the deterioration degree and the power generation time of the reformer, and the lower limit value of the deterioration degree of the reformer capable of generating power by the fuel cell is determined.
- a fuel cell power generation system including a life diagnosis means for calculating a period up to the time.
- a sixteenth aspect of the present invention provides a raw material flow rate detecting step of detecting a flow rate of the raw material supplied to a reformer that generates a hydrogen-rich fuel gas by reacting the raw material with steam.
- Ice vapor flow rate detection step of detecting the flow rate of the steam supplied to the reformer
- a method for detecting the degree of deterioration of a reformer of a fuel cell system comprising:
- a calculated value of a pressure difference between the predetermined two points due to the fuel gas which is calculated from the flow rate of the raw material and the flow rate of the water vapor, and the pressure value of the fuel gas between the predetermined two points.
- an eighteenth aspect of the present invention provides a raw material flow detecting step of detecting a flow rate of the raw material supplied to a reformer that generates a hydrogen-rich fuel gas by reacting the raw material with steam.
- a fuel cell power generation system comprising: a deterioration value detection step of calculating a deterioration degree of the reformer by comparing a calculated value of the steam concentration to be detected with the detected steam concentration or the raw material concentration. This is a method for detecting the degree of deterioration of the reformer.
- a nineteenth aspect of the present invention uses the fuel gas by utilizing the method for detecting the degree of deterioration of a reformer of a fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the sixteenth to eighteenth aspects of the present invention.
- a fuel cell power generation method for performing power generation by a fuel cell wherein the reforming is performed such that the fuel gas flow rate is equal to or higher than a fuel gas flow rate at which power can be generated by the fuel cell in response to a deterioration degree detected by the deterioration degree detecting step.
- This is a fuel cell power generation method including a reformer heating step of raising the reaction temperature of the reactor.
- a twenty-first aspect of the present invention uses the fuel gas by utilizing the method for detecting the degree of deterioration of a reformer of a fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the sixteenth to eighteenth aspects of the present invention.
- a fuel cell power generation method for performing power generation by a fuel cell comprising: receiving the degree of deterioration detected by the degree of deterioration detection step, increasing the water vapor flow rate so as to be equal to or higher than a fuel gas flow rate capable of generating power in the fuel cell.
- This is a fuel cell power generation method including a steam flow rate control step of performing control.
- the twenty-first invention uses the fuel gas by utilizing the method for detecting the degree of deterioration of a reformer of a fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the sixteenth to eighteenth inventions.
- a fuel cell power generation method for performing power generation by a fuel cell comprising: receiving a degree of deterioration detected by the degree of deterioration detection step; and adjusting a flow rate of the raw material to be equal to or more than a fuel gas flow rate capable of generating power in the fuel cell.
- This is a fuel cell power generation method including a raw material flow rate control step of performing increased control.
- the twenty-second invention uses the fuel gas by utilizing the method for detecting the degree of deterioration of a reformer of a fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the sixteenth to eighteenth inventions.
- a fuel cell power generation method for generating power by a fuel cell comprising: receiving a degree of deterioration detected by the deterioration degree detecting step;
- a fuel cell power generation method including a power generation output control step of performing control to reduce a power generation output to an output that is lower than an output capable of generating electricity.
- a twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell power generation system according to the third aspect of the present invention, wherein the difference between the pressure between the predetermined two points due to the fuel gas is calculated from the flow rate of the raw material and the flow rate of the steam.
- the computer is caused to function as deterioration degree detecting means for calculating the degree of deterioration of the reformer by comparing the calculated value of the above and the detected value of the difference in the pressure of the fuel gas between the predetermined two points. It is a program for
- a twenty-sixth aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell power generation system according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wherein the fuel cell power generation system receives the degree of deterioration detected by the degree of deterioration detection means, A program for causing a computer to function as reformer heating means for raising the reaction temperature of the reformer.
- a twenty-seventh aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell power generation system according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, wherein the fuel cell power generation system receives the degree of deterioration detected by the degree of deterioration detection means, Control to increase the steam flow rate so that A program for causing a computer to function as a steam flow rate control unit that performs
- a thirtieth aspect of the present invention is a recording medium that carries the program according to any one of the twenty-third to the twenty-ninth aspects, and is a recording medium that can be processed by a computer.
- a fuel cell power generation system a method of detecting the degree of deterioration of the reformer, a fuel cell power generation method, and the like, which can detect the deterioration of the reformer while controlling the reformed gas temperature to a constant temperature. it can.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of detecting the degree of deterioration in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of detecting the degree of deterioration in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of detecting the degree of deterioration in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a life diagnosis operation according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 17 shows the operation of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 8. It is a flowchart.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 8.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing an operation state of the embodiment of the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the dotted arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the flow of the detected signal.
- It also has a carbon monoxide remover 14 that reduces carbon monoxide contained in the fuel gas generated by the reformer 12 and a desulfurizer 15 that removes odorous components contained in city gas. .
- Embodiment 1 Next, the operation of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 1 will be described, and the method of detecting the degree of deterioration of the reformer of the fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention will be described. In the following embodiments, a method for detecting the degree of deterioration of a reformer of a fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention will be described.
- the city gas as a raw material gas supplied from the outside of the system is supplied to the reformer 12 together with steam after the deodorizing component is removed by the desulfurizer 15. Then, the raw material gas is subjected to steam reforming in the reformer 12, the carbon monoxide concentration is further reduced in the carbon monoxide remover 14, and supplied to the fuel cell 11 as a hydrogen-rich fuel gas .
- the flow rate of the source gas is detected by the source gas flow meter '19 (step S1).
- the flow rate of the reforming steam is detected by the steam flow meter 20 (step S2).
- the flow rate of the fuel gas generated by the reformer 12 is detected by the fuel gas flow meter 21 (step S3).
- the deterioration degree detection unit 22 receives these flow rate detection signals, and calculates the relationship between the methane conversion rate in the reformer 12 and the predetermined fuel gas flow rate from the detected raw material gas flow rate and the detected steam flow rate. Then, the deterioration degree detection unit 22 compares the relationship between the calculated methane conversion rate and the predetermined fuel gas flow rate with the actually detected fuel gas flow rate (step S4).
- the degree of deterioration of the reformer 12 is calculated from the reduction rate of the methane conversion rate in the reformer 12 obtained in this way (step S5).
- the principle of the operation of calculating the degree of deterioration in the reformer 12 of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 1 is as follows.
- the raw material gas flow meter 19 the steam flow meter 20, the fuel gas flow meter 21 and the deterioration degree detecting unit 22
- the relationship between the methane conversion rate specific to the reformer 12 and the predetermined fuel gas flow rate, which is calculated in advance from the raw gas flow rate and the steam flow rate, is compared with the actually detected fuel gas flow rate.
- the degree of deterioration of the reformer 12 can be calculated from the rate of decrease in the methane conversion rate of the reformer 12.
- the reformer 12 is inferior.
- the more preferable “methane conversion rate” is used as the degree of conversion has been described.
- the fuel gas flow rate and the hydrogen concentration in the fuel gas are determined in advance with respect to the raw material flow rate and the steam flow rate. It is also possible to experimentally determine the correlation between these and compare them with those data.
- the fuel gas flow meter 21 is disposed between the reformer 12 and the carbon monoxide remover 14, but the methane conversion is Since it is determined by the performance of 2, it is the same even if it is arranged between the carbon monoxide remover 14 and the fuel cell 11.
- the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 1 has a configuration in which "water required for the reforming reaction is supplied as steam, and the flow rate of the supplied steam is measured by the steam flow meter 20.” The same applies to the configuration where “water vapor required for the reforming reaction is supplied with water (liquid) and the flow rate of the supplied water is measured with a water flow meter”. However, in this case, an evaporator for evaporating water is required downstream of the water flow meter.
- the deterioration degree detection unit 22 sends the reformer 12 a steam having a theoretical ratio of (lhi 1) or more. Therefore, the explanation was made assuming that this was taken into account, and the calculation and comparison were taken into account.However, the actual flow rate of the raw material and the steam flow rate were measured without considering the actual operating conditions of the reformer 12. Alternatively, the fuel gas flow rate as an ideal value may be calculated based only on the stoichiometric ratio, and may be compared with the actually measured fuel gas flow rate to obtain the methane conversion rate. In this case, there is an effect that the calculation method of the deterioration degree detection unit 22 can be further simplified and versatility can be improved.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. However, those with the same members and functions as those in Fig. 1 The same reference numerals are given and the description is omitted. The arrows indicated by the dotted lines in FIG. 2 indicate the flow of the detected signal.
- a differential pressure gauge is provided in the downstream flow path of the reformer 12 from which the fuel gas of the reformer 12 is discharged. It has 2 3.
- the operation of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 2 is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.
- the differential pressure gauge 23 is an example of the differential pressure detecting means of the present invention. Next, the operation of detecting the degree of deterioration of the reformer 12 of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an operation method for detecting the degree of deterioration of the reformer 12.
- the flow rate of the source gas is detected by the source gas flow meter 19 (step S11).
- the flow rate of the reforming steam is detected by the steam flow meter 20 (step S12).
- the pressure difference between two predetermined points in the downstream flow path of the reformer 12 of the fuel gas generated by the reformer 12 is measured by the differential pressure gauge 23 (step S13).
- the deterioration degree detection unit 22 receives the respective flow rate detection signals and the differential pressure measurement signals, and obtains the methane conversion rate in the reformer 12 and the fluid in the downstream flow path from the detected raw material gas flow rate and steam flow rate. Calculate the differential pressure relationship.
- the deterioration degree detection unit 22 compares the relationship between the calculated methane conversion rate and the fluid differential pressure in the downstream flow path with the actually detected value of the fluid differential pressure in the downstream flow path. (Step S14).
- the degree of deterioration of the reformer 12 is calculated from the reduction rate of the methane conversion rate of the reformer 12 obtained as described above (step S15).
- the operation of calculating the degree of deterioration in the reformer 12 of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 2 is based on the fact that the fluid pressure loss in the measurement section changes in accordance with the flow rate change due to the methane conversion rate change, specifically, However, the pressure difference of the fuel gas after the reformer 12 has deteriorated is lower than the pressure difference of the fuel gas before the reformer 12 has deteriorated.
- the differential pressure gauge 23 used in the second embodiment can reduce the cost as compared with the fuel gas flow meter 21 used in the first embodiment, and operates stably even at a high temperature, and can be used in a fluid mode. This has the advantage that accurate measurements can be made even for pulsations.
- the deterioration degree detection unit 22 is supplied with the steam to the reformer 12 at a ratio equal to or higher than the theoretical ratio of (Dani 1), the deterioration is calculated in consideration of the fact.
- the explanation was made as a comparison, but without considering the actual operating conditions of the reformer 12, the fuel gas as an ideal value was determined based on only the raw material flow rate, steam flow rate, and theoretical ratio as measured values.
- the methane conversion rate may be obtained by calculating the differential pressure and comparing this with the measured value of the detected differential pressure of the fuel gas.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- components having the same functions and functions as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the arrows shown by the dotted lines in FIG. 3 indicate the flow of the detected signal.
- the operation of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 3 is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.
- the steam concentration in the fuel gas flow path between the reformer 12 and the carbon monoxide remover 14 is changed. It has 24 in total.
- the water vapor concentration meter 24 is an example of the concentration detecting means of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an operation method for detecting the degree of deterioration of the reformer 12.
- the flow rate of the source gas is detected by the source gas flow meter 19 (step S twenty one) .
- the flow rate of the reforming steam is detected by the steam flow meter 20 (step S22).
- Deterioration degree detection unit 22 receives these flow rate detection signals and steam concentration signals, and determines the methane conversion rate in reformer 12 and the water vapor in fuel gas based on the detected raw gas flow rate and steam flow rate. Calculate the density relationship.
- the operation of calculating the degree of deterioration in the reformer 12 of the third embodiment is based on the change in the methane conversion rate as described above, with respect to the input flow rate of the same composition. ⁇ It utilizes the fact that the water vapor concentration in the fuel gas of the output changes.
- city gas as a source gas includes methane, butane, propane, etc. in addition to methane, but the same can be said for non-methane.
- steam is supplied to the reformer 12 at a rate higher than the theoretical ratio of (Fig. 1).
- the raw material gas flow meter 19 the steam flow meter 20 and the steam concentration meter 24, and the deterioration degree detection unit
- the degree of deterioration of the reformer 12 can be calculated from the rate of decrease in the methane conversion rate.
- the steam concentration meter 24 is disposed between the reformer 12 and the carbon monoxide remover 14, but the methane conversion rate is lower than that of the reformer 12. Since it is determined by the performance, the same applies even if it is arranged between the carbon monoxide remover 14 and the fuel cell 11.
- the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 3 is configured such that “water required for the reforming reaction is supplied as steam and the flow rate of the supplied steam is measured by the steam flow meter 20”.
- the water vapor required for the quality reaction is supplied with water (liquid), and the flow rate of the supplied water is measured with a water flow meter.
- An evaporator for evaporating is required downstream of the water flow meter. .
- a dew point meter can be used as a means for detecting the concentration of water vapor contained in the fuel gas generated in the reformer 12. In this case, it is useful because the water content can be accurately detected.
- a hygrometer for measuring the relative humidity can be used as a means for detecting the concentration of water vapor contained in the fuel gas generated in the reformer 12. In this case, it is useful because the system cost can be reduced and the system can be made compact.
- the deterioration degree detection unit 22 considers that the steam is supplied to the reformer 12 at a rate higher than the theoretical ratio of (Fig. 1).
- the explanation was made assuming that the fuel was calculated and compared, but without considering the actual operating conditions of the reformer 12, the fuel as an ideal value was determined based on only the raw material flow rate, steam flow rate, and theoretical ratio as measured values.
- the gas flow rate may be calculated, and this may be compared with the actually measured value of the detected fuel gas flow rate to determine the methane conversion rate.
- the concentration of steam contained in the fuel gas generated in the reformer 12 is detected, and the methane conversion rate calculated in advance from the raw material gas flow rate and the steam flow rate is calculated.
- the concentration detecting means of the present invention uses a gas analyzer or the like to measure methane or the like contained in fuel gas. It may be realized as a means for directly detecting the concentration of the raw material gas. In this case, since the concentration of the raw material gas can be obtained directly, it is possible to calculate the methane conversion rate with higher accuracy.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. However, those with the same members and functions as those in Fig. 1 The same reference numerals are given and the description is omitted. The arrows shown by the dotted lines in FIG. 4 indicate the flow of the detected signal or the calculated signal.
- the apparatus further includes a life diagnosis unit 25 for determining a replacement time of the device 12.
- the life diagnosis unit 25 is an example of the life diagnosis means of the present invention. Note that the operation of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 4 is the same as that of Embodiment 1 and will not be described.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an operation method when determining the time to replace the reformer 12. Steps S1 to S5 shown in FIG. 8 are the same as the steps of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the life diagnosis unit 25 receives the methane conversion rate calculated by the deterioration degree detection unit 22 in step S5 described in FIG. 5 for the first embodiment, and the methane conversion rate decreases based on the relationship between the methane conversion rate and the power generation time. The speed is obtained (step S6). Then, a period until the fuel cell 11 reaches the lower limit of the methane conversion rate at which the fuel cell 11 can generate power is calculated from the rate of decrease of the methane conversion rate (step S7). Then, the replacement time of the reformer 12 is determined, and the life is diagnosed (step S8).
- the methane conversion rate is further improved by further including the lifetime diagnosis unit 25 in addition to the fuel cell power generation system of the first embodiment.
- the rate of decrease in the methane conversion rate is determined from the relationship between the power generation time and the power generation time, and the life of the reformer 12 can be determined by determining the time to replace the reformer 12.
- the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 4 is the same as the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 1. Although described as a development from the fuel cell power generation system and its operation method, the invention can be similarly implemented as a development from the fuel cell power generation system and the operation method of other embodiments.
- the deterioration of the reformer is detected instantaneously and continuously on the spot, and the reforming is performed. It is possible to determine when to replace the catalyst.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- components having the same members and functions as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the dotted arrows in FIG. 10 indicate the flow of the detected signal or the calculated signal.
- the fuel cell power generation system improves the output power decrease due to the decrease in the hydrogen in the fuel gas caused by the deterioration of the reformer 12 and the decrease in the voltage of the fuel cell 11. It is.
- the fuel cell 11 is stacked in the flow direction of the hydrogen-rich fuel gas, and includes a plurality of cells through which the fuel gas passes.However, the reformer deteriorates, and the hydrogen in the fuel gas flows through the fuel gas. Since it is consumed in the cells on the upstream side and almost no electromotive force is generated on the downstream side, the voltage of the fuel cell 11 composed of the cells connected in series decreases.
- the fuel system according to the present embodiment and the following embodiments solves the above-mentioned problem associated with the deterioration of the reformer 12.
- a parner control means 26 for controlling the operation of the parner 13 in response to the degree of deterioration in the degree of deterioration detector 22. It should be noted that the parner control means 26 and the parner 13 correspond to the reformer heating means of the present invention. It is an example of a configuration.
- a DC-AC inverter 27 for supplying AC power from the fuel cell 11 to a load (not shown).
- Embodiment 5 for raising the reaction temperature of the reformer 12 subjected to the degree of deterioration of the reformer 12 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
- the fuel cell power generation method of the present invention will be described. In the following embodiments, the fuel cell power generation method of the present invention will be described.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an operation method when the temperature raising operation of the reformer 12 is performed.
- the spanner control means 26 determines the reaction temperature of the reformer. Is controlled so as to maintain the current state. The current AC power generation Wn is maintained (S36).
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- components having the same members and functions as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the arrows shown by the dotted lines in FIG. 12 indicate the flow of the detected signal or the calculated signal.
- the fuel system according to the present embodiment includes, in addition to the configuration of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1, a flow control valve 28 that varies the supply amount of water vapor and a deterioration in the deterioration degree detection unit 22. It further includes a flow control valve control means 29 for controlling the operation of the flow control valve 28 according to the degree.
- the flow rate control valve 28 and the flow rate control valve control means 29 are an example of the configuration of the steam flow rate control means of the present invention.
- a DC-AC inverter 27 for supplying AC power from the fuel cell 11 to a load (not shown) is also shown. '
- Steps S1 to S3 shown in FIG. 13 are the same as those of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 5, and S31 is a step obtained by combining S4 and S5.
- S32 to S34 and S36 are the same as those in the flowchart of FIG. 11 of the fifth embodiment. That is, in this embodiment, the flow rate control valve control unit 29 receives the methane conversion rate ⁇ as the degree of deterioration obtained from the deterioration degree determination unit 22 and the fuel gas flow rate Q3, and The generated hydrogen amount Q4 that can be generated by the vessel 12 is calculated (S32). Further, based on the generated hydrogen amount Q 4, the output DC current that can be generated by the fuel cell 11 is A1 is calculated (S33).
- the flow control valve control means 29 performs control to increase the opening of the flow control valve 28 so as to increase the steam flow rate to the reformer 12 by AQ 2 (S 4 1).
- the amount of steam supplied to the reformer 12 increases, the equilibrium state of the reforming reaction shifts to the hydrogen generation side, the methane conversion rate starts to improve, and good fuel gas is supplied to the fuel cell 11 Voltage can be obtained.
- FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals are given to those having the same members and the same functions as those in FIGS. 1 and 12, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the arrows indicated by the dotted lines in FIG. 14 indicate the flow of the detected signal or the calculated signal.
- the reasons for controlling the city gas flow rate after controlling the steam flow rate are as follows. That is, if the raw material gas is first increased alone, (1) the dew point of the fuel gas may decrease, and the life of the fuel cell 11 may be shortened. Carbon of methane (CH 4 ) may be precipitated inside the reactor 12 and the catalyst performance of the reformer 12 may be reduced. (3) — The carbon monoxide (CO 2) ) The removal capacity is reduced, CO in the fuel gas is increased, and the fuel cell 11 may be poisoned with CO. Therefore, in Embodiment 6 and the present embodiment, the supply amount of the source gas is controlled independently, and the increase in the supply amount of the source gas is controlled prior to the increase in the supply amount of steam. Does not execute.
- the supply amount of city gas to the reformer 12 is increased in accordance with the supply amount of steam.
- the methane conversion rate starts to improve according to the same principle as in the sixth embodiment, and the total amount of fuel gas generated by increasing the absolute amounts of the raw material gas and steam required for the reforming reaction is increased.
- the required city gas can be supplied to the fuel cell 11 to obtain an appropriate voltage.
- FIG. 16 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention. However, those with the same components and functions as those in Fig. 1 Are given the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. Note that the dotted arrows in FIG. 16 indicate the flow of the detected signal or the calculated signal.
- the fuel system according to the present embodiment includes a DC-AC inverter 2 for supplying AC power from a fuel cell 11 to a load (not shown) in addition to the configuration of the fuel cell power generation system according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is an input current control means 30 for controlling the amount of current drawn from the fuel cell 11 1 and an operation of the input current control means 30 in response to the degree of deterioration in the degree of deterioration detection unit 22 inverter control Means 31 are further provided.
- the input current control means 30 and the impeller control means 31 are examples of the power generation output control means of the present invention.
- the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 8 reduces the power output of the fuel cell 11 in response to the voltage drop of the fuel cell 11 caused by the decrease in hydrogen in the fuel gas caused by the deterioration of the reformer 12. The reduction ensures the stable operation of the DC-AC inverter 27.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing an operation method when the operation of reducing the power generation output from the fuel cell 11 is performed.
- Steps S1 to S3 shown in FIG. 17 are the same as the steps of Embodiment 1 described in FIG. 5, and S31 is a step in which S4 and S'5 are put together.
- S32 to S34 and S36 are the same as those in the flowchart of FIG. 11 of the fifth embodiment.
- the impeller control means 31 receives the methane conversion rate ⁇ as the degree of deterioration obtained from the degree of deterioration determination section 22 and the fuel gas flow rate Q3, and the current reformer 1 Calculate the amount of generated hydrogen Q4 that can generate 2 (S32). Further, the fuel cell 11 is started based on the generated hydrogen amount Q4. Calculate the output DC current A1 that can be supplied (S33).
- the impeller control means 31 controls the input current control means 30 of the impeller 27 to reduce the amount of current drawn from the fuel cell 11 (S51). Since the amount of current from the fuel cell 11 is reduced, the power output from the fuel cell 11 to the DC-AC inverter 27 is reduced.
- the input current control means 30 does not control the voltage of the fuel cell 11, but the voltage of the fuel cell 11 increases.
- the electric power can be reduced by reducing the current value, while the voltage can be kept high.
- the change in the slope of the current-voltage curve due to deterioration is used to reduce the amount of current, thereby reducing the fuel cell voltage to the input lower limit voltage V t so that the DC-AC inverter 27 can operate for a longer time.
- the amount of power that can be drawn from the fuel cell 11 is reduced, the shortage for the load is supplied by system power (not shown).
- the inverter control means 31 maintains the current operating state of the input current control means 30.
- the current AC power generation Wn is maintained (S36).
- the reformer 12 even when the reformer 12 is deteriorated, the amount of power from the fuel cell 11 is reduced, so that the feed gas and water vapor are supplied under constant conditions. However, it is possible to keep the system operable for a long time.
- the configuration for operating the fuel cell power generation system satisfactorily in response to the degree of deterioration of the methane conversion rate of the reformer 12 has been described. May be implemented individually, or a plurality of configurations may be arbitrarily combined.
- a fuel cell power generation system having all the configurations of the fifth to eighth embodiments will be described below as examples.
- the deterioration degree detection unit 22 detects the deterioration degree of the reformer 12, (1) the operation of the fifth embodiment (2) the operation of the sixth embodiment (3) Operation of the Seventh Embodiment (4) The operation of the eighth embodiment is added in order, and the operation of the system is stabilized. More specifically, when deterioration of the reformer is first detected, the heating operation of the reformer 12 of the fifth embodiment is performed. Thereafter, while performing this operation in the background, the above (2) ) To (4) are executed in parallel.
- Fig. 19 is a graph.
- the conversion decreases after the operation time reaches 1000 hours, and the conversion decreases to nearly 80% after the operation time reaches 1700 hours. Therefore, the control of raising the thermal power of the parner 13 was performed by the parner control means 26 so that the reaction temperature of the reformer 12 was raised by 30 ° C. as ⁇ T. As a result, the conversion was recovered, and the flow rate of the steam supplied to the reformer 12, the flow rate of the raw material gas, and the power output of the fuel cell 11 could all be maintained at the initial state.
- the conversion rate again decreased to 80%, so that the flow rate control valve control means 29 controlled the flow rate of steam and raw material gas to the reformer 12 2 this time. Control was performed to increase the opening of the flow control valves 18 and 28 intermittently so as to increase in small increments. As a result, the AC output is maintained in the initial state by increasing the amount of fuel gas generated while suppressing a large decrease in the conversion rate.
- the control upper limit of the flow rate control valve control means 29 was reached, so that the supply amounts of the steam flow rate and the raw material gas flow rate were set to the maximum values (water vapor 5 L / min, (Gas 17.5 L / min) and control the inverter control means 31 controlled by the input current control means 30. Control to reduce the AC output from the fuel cell 11. The reduced power is supplemented by external grid power. Eventually, when the conversion rate falls below 62%, the voltage of the fuel cell 11 drops below the input lower-limit voltage Vt at which the DC-AC inverter 27 can operate, and the system starts operating approximately 7 Stop at 00 00 hours.
- a fuel cell power generation system having the same configuration as that of Embodiment 1 and not having any of the configurations of Embodiments 5 to 8 was used as a comparative example.
- a fuel cell 11 having a rated output of 100 W during normal operation was used, and the flow rate (L Zmin), methane conversion ( %), The temperature of the reformer 12 (° C), and the transition of the output power (W) of the fuel cell 11 are shown in FIG. 20 as a graph.
- the conversion rate starts to decrease around the time when the operating time reaches 10000 hours, and after about 1700 hours, the conversion rate reaches nearly 80%. Dropped. After about 800 hours, the output power of the fuel cell 11 began to decrease, and when the conversion rate fell below 77%, the voltage of the fuel cell 11 changed to DC-AC inverter 2 7 became lower than the operable input lower limit voltage Vt, and the operation of the system was stopped about 190 hours after the start.
- Embodiments 5 to 8 make it possible to improve the operation time of the fuel cell power generation system.
- the program according to the present invention is a program for causing a computer to execute the functions of all or a part of the above-described fuel cell power generation system of the present invention, and the program operates in cooperation with the computer. It may be.
- the “partial means” of the present invention means some of the plurality of means, or some of the functions of one of the means. is there.
- the present invention also includes a computer-readable recording medium that records the program of the present invention.
- One use form of the program of the present invention may be such that the program is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium and operates in cooperation with the computer.
- One use form of the program of the present invention may be a form in which the program is transmitted through a transmission medium, read by a computer, and operates in cooperation with the computer.
- the data structure of the present invention includes a database, a data format, a data table, a data list, a data type, and the like.
- the recording medium includes ROM and the like
- the transmission medium includes a transmission mechanism such as the Internet, light, radio waves, and sound waves.
- the computer of the present invention described above is not limited to pure hardware such as a CPU, but may include firmware, an OS, and peripheral devices. There may be.
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/568,731 US20060269804A1 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2004-08-18 | Fuel cell power generation system method of detecting degree of deterioration of reformer therefor and fuel cell power generation method |
| JP2005513230A JPWO2005018035A1 (ja) | 2003-08-19 | 2004-08-18 | 燃料電池発電システムおよびその改質器の劣化度検出方法、燃料電池発電方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-295705 | 2003-08-19 | ||
| JP2003295705 | 2003-08-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005018035A1 true WO2005018035A1 (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
Family
ID=34191124
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/012217 Ceased WO2005018035A1 (ja) | 2003-08-19 | 2004-08-18 | 燃料電池発電システムおよびその改質器の劣化度検出方法、燃料電池発電方法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060269804A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2005018035A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1839504A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005018035A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008210629A (ja) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-11 | Kyocera Corp | 燃料電池装置 |
| WO2010103400A1 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system, control method for the fuel cell system, and state detection method for fuel cell |
| JP2019029246A (ja) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-02-21 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| JP2020019661A (ja) * | 2018-07-30 | 2020-02-06 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 改質システム |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CA2719384A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system and method for load following operation of the same |
| JP5078696B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-27 | 2012-11-21 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの負荷追従運転方法 |
| JP4558057B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-31 | 2010-10-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 燃料廃液盗難防止システム |
| JP5420636B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-02 | 2014-02-19 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素生成装置、それを備える燃料電池システム、及び水素生成装置の運転方法 |
| EP2412666A4 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2014-01-08 | Panasonic Corp | METHOD FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, FUEL CELL SYSTEM THEREWITH, METHOD FOR OPERATING A HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A FUEL CELL SYSTEM |
| JP4656610B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2011-03-23 | Toto株式会社 | 固体電解質型燃料電池 |
| US9660278B2 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2017-05-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for detecting orifice flow phase transition in a pressure-controlled anode |
| US8697451B2 (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2014-04-15 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Sulfur breakthrough detection assembly for use in a fuel utilization system and sulfur breakthrough detection method |
| US8825361B1 (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2014-09-02 | The Boeing Company | Methods and systems for determining performance characteristics of mechanical systems based on fuel properties |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2005018035A1 (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
| US20060269804A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
| CN1839504A (zh) | 2006-09-27 |
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