WO2005015678A1 - 光電変換素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
光電変換素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005015678A1 WO2005015678A1 PCT/JP2004/011404 JP2004011404W WO2005015678A1 WO 2005015678 A1 WO2005015678 A1 WO 2005015678A1 JP 2004011404 W JP2004011404 W JP 2004011404W WO 2005015678 A1 WO2005015678 A1 WO 2005015678A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- working electrode
- laminate
- photoelectric conversion
- electrode
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
- H01G9/2077—Sealing arrangements, e.g. to prevent the leakage of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element such as a dye-sensitized solar cell and a method for producing the same. More specifically, a cell having a laminated body formed by sandwiching an electrolyte layer between a working electrode and a counter electrode, without applying a load, such as heating, to the cell constituting member and a package material disposed outside thereof.
- a photoelectric conversion element and its manufacturing method that can be sealed in a batch
- a working electrode and a counter electrode are arranged in the housing, and a plurality of stacked bodies are stacked with the electrolyte sandwiched between them.
- a hermetically sealed photoelectric conversion element is arranged in the housing, and a plurality of stacked bodies are stacked with the electrolyte sandwiched between them.
- solar cells Due to environmental issues and resource issues, solar cells as clean energy are attracting attention. Some solar cells use single crystal, polycrystalline or amorphous silicon. Conventional silicon-based solar cells are not widely used because of their high manufacturing costs and inadequate supply of raw materials. Also, compound-based solar cells such as Cu-— ⁇ -Se (also called CIS-based) have been developed, and these compound-based solar cells have excellent characteristics such as extremely high conversion efficiency. I have. However, compound solar cells are not widely used due to cost and environmental impact.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional dye-sensitive solar cell.
- This dye-sensitized solar cell 100 has a first substrate on which a porous semiconductor electrode (hereinafter also referred to as a dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode) 103 carrying a sensitizing dye is formed. It mainly comprises a substrate 101, a second substrate 105 on which a conductive film 104 is formed, and an electrolyte layer 106 made of, for example, a gel electrolyte sealed between them.
- a porous semiconductor electrode hereinafter also referred to as a dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode
- electrolyte layer 106 made of, for example, a gel electrolyte sealed between them.
- a light-transmissive plate material is used for the first substrate 101, and a transparent conductive layer 100 is provided on the surface of the first substrate 101 in contact with the dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode 103 to impart conductivity. 2 are provided.
- the first substrate 101, the transparent conductive layer 102 and the dye-sensitive semiconductor electrode 103 constitute a window electrode 108.
- the second substrate 105 is provided with a conductive layer 104 made of, for example, carbon or platinum in order to impart conductivity to the surface in contact with the electrolyte layer 106.
- the counter electrode 109 is formed by the second substrate 105 and the conductive layer 104.
- the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 105 are separated by a predetermined distance so that the dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode 103 and the conductive layer 104 face each other.
- a sealant 107 made of a thermoplastic resin is provided in a peripheral portion between the two substrates.
- a cell is assembled by bonding the two substrates 101 and 105 through this sealing agent 1 ⁇ 7, and through the electrolyte inlet 110, iodine between the two electrodes 108 and 109-
- An organic electrolyte solution containing an oxidizing / reducing species such as iodide ions is filled to form an electrolyte layer 106 for charge transfer. That is, the sealing agent 107 has a function of preventing the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer 106 from leaking out and volatilizing volatile components.
- the window electrode 108 and the counter electrode 109 After laminating the window electrode 108 and the counter electrode 109 via the sealing material 107 made of a thermoplastic resin, the window electrode 108 and the counter electrode 109, or the window electrode 10
- the sealing material 107 is heated and melted through one of the electrode 8 and the counter electrode 109 so that the window electrode 108 and the counter electrode 109 are bonded to form a pair of electrodes (a window electrode). 1 0 8 and counter electrode 1 0 9) Assemble the laminate.
- an electrolyte containing oxidized / reduced species such as iodine and iodide ions is introduced between the window electrode 108 and the counter electrode 109 through an inlet 110 provided so as to penetrate the counter electrode 109.
- the inlet 110 is closed with a lid 111 to form an electrolyte layer 106 for charge transfer, and a pair of electrodes (a window electrode 108 and a counter electrode 109)
- a dye-sensitive solar cell 100 composed of an electrolyte layer 106 sandwiched between (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-184484, and N. Papageorgiou et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 143 (10), 3099, 1996).
- the semiconductor electrode As for the injection of the electrolyte, after assembling the solar cell, it is injected in a batch manner from the inlet port provided on the back side by utilizing the capillary phenomenon, pressure difference, and the like. It has been reported that the semiconductor electrode has a porous film structure having a large specific surface area with a roughness factor of> 100, thereby increasing the light absorption efficiency and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 10% or more. In terms of cost, it is expected to be about 1/2 to 1/6 of the current silicon-based solar cell, and it does not necessarily require complex and large-scale manufacturing equipment and does not contain harmful substances, so it can respond to mass diffusion Inexpensive ⁇ Has high potential as a mass-produced solar cell.
- This ionic liquid is also called a room-temperature fusible salt, and is a salt composed of only positively and negatively charged ions that exists as a stable liquid over a wide temperature range including around room temperature. Since this ionic liquid has substantially no vapor pressure and does not have to worry about volatilization or ignition as in general organic solvents, it is expected as a solution to the deterioration of cell characteristics due to volatilization.
- the electrolyte when used, the electrolyte may leak at the time of manufacture or when the cell is damaged. As a countermeasure against this leakage, the electrolyte is gelled (pseudo-solidified) using an appropriate gelich agent. Attempts are being made actively at each research institution. (For example, Japan Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 200-02—18 4 478). It has been reported that when gelled, volatility can be reduced more than in the liquid state. Similar attempts have been made for ionic liquids, and gelled ionic liquids (ion gels) have the characteristics of excellent safety and durability.
- the sealing agent 107 was formed by sealing using a thermoplastic resin. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, heat was applied to melt the resin, and the two electrodes (window electrode 108 and counter electrode 109) were bonded. At that time, since the heat reaches the dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode 103 via the first substrate 101, the dye adsorbed on the dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode 103 may be adversely affected.
- sealant 107 is formed of a resin, there is a problem in terms of weather resistance when used for a long time.
- the sealing material 107 is made of a thermoplastic resin, it has poor weather resistance, and thus is not suitable for long-term use. Disclosure of the invention
- the first aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and suppresses the effect of heat applied when bonding an electrode on a dye adsorbed on a dye-sensitive semiconductor electrode, as well as weather resistance during long-term use.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric conversion element which is excellent in performance and can easily be filled with a liquid or gel electrolyte, and a method for producing the same.
- a housing and a laminate housed in the housing, wherein the laminate has a porous oxide semiconductor layer having a sensitizing dye carried on a surface thereof.
- An electrode a counter electrode disposed on the porous oxide semiconductor layer side of the working electrode so as to face the working electrode; and an electrolyte layer disposed on at least a part of the working electrode and the counter electrode.
- an upper surface and a lower surface of the laminate are directly or indirectly in contact with the inner surface of the housing, and at least a portion of the housing that is in contact with the working electrode is an optical element that transmits solar light.
- a photoelectric conversion element made of a material having characteristics.
- the laminate formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer between the working electrode and the counter electrode is accommodated such that the upper and lower surfaces thereof are in direct or indirect contact with the inner surface of the housing.
- the inner surface of the housing sandwiches the upper surface and the lower surface of the stacked body, and the housing is sealed to form a cell made of the stacked body. Since it is possible to seal together the constituent members as well, it is possible to significantly reduce the influence of heat applied to the laminate. Therefore, the conventional problem that the dye is hindered in a predetermined function due to the influence of heat applied at the time of electrode bonding is solved, and the dye can exhibit its performance stably, so that stable photoelectric conversion characteristics can be obtained.
- at least a portion of the housing that is in contact with the working electrode is made of a material having optical characteristics that allows sunlight to pass through, sunlight can be taken into the cell constituting member made of the laminate. .
- a laminated body formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer between the working electrode and the counter electrode can be used.
- a liquid or gel electrolyte is dropped and coated on one electrode.
- the other electrode is sandwiched from above and pressure is applied to allow the liquid or gel electrolyte to permeate the surface of the porous oxide semiconductor layer constituting the working electrode of the electrodes.
- An electrolyte layer can be formed, whereby a laminated body formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer between the working electrode and the counter electrode can be formed.
- the liquid or gel electrolyte sandwiched between the electrodes does not spill out of the gap due to capillary action. Therefore, the step of injecting the electrolytic solution, which has conventionally required much time, can be omitted, so that the cost required for manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element can be further reduced.
- the above-mentioned photoelectric conversion element adopts a configuration in which a cell constituting member made of a laminate is installed in a housing and does not come into contact with outside air. That is, since the cell constituent members are accommodated in the closed space, a photoelectric conversion element having better environmental characteristics than conventional photoelectric conversion elements can be obtained.
- the photoelectric conversion element one end is connected to each of the counter electrode and the working electrode so as to pass through the inside of the housing and not contact the side surface of the stacked body, and the other end extends outside the housing. If a configuration in which the body is provided separately is adopted, the other end of the conductor used to connect to the external circuit can be freely led out of the housing from any location of the housing. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion element according to the first aspect of the present invention in which the cell constituent member made of the laminate is present in the housing can meet various installation conditions according to the external circuit system.
- a preferred example of the other end of the conductor includes a configuration extending from the side surface of the housing to the outside of the housing. According to a powerful configuration, when a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements are connected in series, it is only necessary to arrange the casings two-dimensionally so that the sides of the casings are in contact with each other. Can be greatly reduced. In particular, since a circuit for connecting photoelectric conversion elements as in the related art is not required, a unit can be manufactured at low cost.
- Another preferred example of the other end of the conductor includes a configuration extending from the bottom of the housing to the outside of the housing. According to this configuration, when a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements are connected in series, it is only necessary to arrange the casings two-dimensionally so that the bottom of the casing contacts an external circuit. The time required for construction can be greatly reduced. In particular, since the external circuit for connecting the photoelectric conversion elements is under the housing, the external circuit is protected by the housing containing the photoelectric conversion elements. Environmental resistance characteristics can be further improved.
- the photoelectric conversion element of this mode can be used, for example, as part or all of a roof material / wall material.
- a first aspect of the present invention provides a step of providing a housing having a box having an inner bottom surface and a lid, and a working electrode having a porous oxide semiconductor layer having a sensitizing dye carried on the surface. Forming a liquid or gel electrolyte on the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode to form an electrolyte layer; and disposing the counter electrode on the inner bottom surface of the box of the housing. Forming the laminate by stacking the working electrode on the counter electrode such that the electrolyte layer is in contact with the counter electrode; and disposing the lid of the housing so as to cover the working electrode. And a step of sealing the housing by applying a load from the outside of the housing in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the multilayer body.
- the step of filling the porous oxide semiconductor layer constituting the working electrode with a liquid or gel electrolyte to form an electrolyte layer includes the step of forming a liquid on the surface of the porous oxide semiconductor layer.
- the gel electrolyte can be evenly distributed.
- filling a liquid or gel electrolyte on the porous oxide semiconductor layer constituting the working electrode means that the liquid or gel electrolyte is penetrated into the surface of the porous oxide semiconductor layer.
- the liquid electrolyte is usually called an electrolyte, and refers to a solution in which an electrolyte component such as iodide iodide ion is dissolved in a solvent.
- a liquid or gel electrolyte is dropped, applied, or sprayed on one of the working electrode and the counter electrode, and then the other electrode is sandwiched from above, and pressure is applied to the electrode, so that A liquid or gel electrolyte can be permeated into the surface of the porous oxide semiconductor layer constituting the working electrode to form an electrolyte layer, thereby forming a laminate formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer between the working electrode and the counter electrode. Can be formed.
- the counter electrode is provided on the inner bottom surface of a box constituting the housing, the working electrode is overlapped so that the electrolyte layer is in contact with the counter electrode, a laminate is formed, and the casing is covered so as to cover the working electrode.
- the manufacturing method according to the first aspect of the present invention suppresses the effect of heat applied when bonding the electrodes on the dye adsorbed on the dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode, which is provided with the above-described features. It contributes to the stable production of a photoelectric conversion element which has excellent weather resistance during long-term use and can be easily filled with a liquid or gel electrolyte.
- the second aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a photoelectric conversion element capable of dropping and injecting an electrolytic solution into a dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode and obtaining excellent power generation efficiency. And a method for producing the same.
- a box having an inner bottom surface and a laminate, wherein the laminate has a working electrode having a porous oxide semiconductor layer having a surface sensitive dye supported thereon; A counter electrode disposed on the porous oxide semiconductor layer side of the pole to face the working electrode; and an electrolyte layer disposed at least in part between the working electrode and the counter electrode.
- the stacked body is housed in the box body such that the counter electrode is in direct or indirect contact with the inner bottom surface of the box body, and the box body is sealed using the working electrode.
- a conversion element is provided.
- a laminate formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer between the working electrode and the counter electrode is housed in the box body such that the counter electrode is in direct or indirect contact with the inner bottom surface. It is sealed using a working electrode. In other words, the working electrode also serves as the lid constituting the housing.
- a laminated body formed by sandwiching an electrolyte layer between a working electrode and a counter electrode can be used.For example, a liquid or gel electrolyte is filled on one electrode. By sandwiching the other electrode from above, a laminate can be formed. At this time, the electrolyte sandwiched between the electrodes does not spill out of the gap due to capillary action.
- the step of injecting the electrolytic solution which has conventionally required much time, can be omitted, so that the cost required for manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element can be further reduced.
- the first substrate constituting the working electrode is preferably made of a material having both optical characteristics of transmitting sunlight and heat resistance.
- the sunlight can sufficiently reach the stacked body housed in the housing.
- heat resistance the occurrence of warpage or the like due to the thermal influence of sealing is suppressed, and the distance between electrodes is maintained, so that long-term stability of power generation characteristics is ensured.
- a second aspect of the present invention provides a step of providing a housing having a box having an inner bottom surface, and a step of providing a working electrode having a porous oxide semiconductor layer having a sensitizing dye carried on the surface.
- Provided is a method for manufacturing a device.
- the manufacturing method includes providing the counter electrode directly or indirectly with the inner bottom surface of the box constituting the housing, and forming the stacked body by overlapping the working electrode such that the electrolyte layer is in contact with the counter electrode. And a step of forming the housing by disposing the working electrode to serve as a lid of the housing, and then sealing the working electrode to the box by a laser method or an adhesive method. Therefore, while maintaining the advantage that the electrolyte can be injected by filling, the part to be sealed is irradiated with laser (called laser method) or an adhesive is provided without using resin as in the past. It can be easily sealed simply by using a bonding method.
- laser method laser method
- an adhesive is provided without using resin as in the past. It can be easily sealed simply by using a bonding method.
- the connecting portion between the lid and the box is provided. Only laser irradiation or adhesion is used for sealing, so that the cell itself, that is, the laminated body, is not subjected to a load such as heating or pressure as in the conventional sealing method. A laminate forming a cell is accommodated therein, and a lid is provided thereon, whereby the housing can be sealed at a time. In addition, it is preferable because troubles caused by the encapsulation resin flowing around can be avoided.
- the third aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, provides excellent power generation efficiency, suppresses fluctuations in power generation efficiency, and reduces power generation efficiency over the entire light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion element. Almost no variation! / It is intended to provide a photoelectric conversion element.
- a third aspect of the present invention includes a housing and a plurality of stacked bodies, wherein the plurality of stacked bodies are arranged and sealed in the housing, and each of the stacked bodies includes a working electrode A counter electrode; and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the working electrode and the counter electrode.
- the housing includes a back plate, and a frame provided on an outer peripheral portion of the back plate.
- the frame body has a side wall portion and a window frame portion, the window frame portion is disposed to face the back plate, and presses the laminate in the direction of the back plate;
- a photoelectric conversion element wherein the window frame part is provided in a region corresponding to a position of the current collecting wiring part of the laminate.
- the invention according to a third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the side wall is detachable from the back plate, and the window frame is detachable from the side wall.
- the invention according to a third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that an elastic member is provided between the laminate and the back plate.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a photoelectric conversion element that can be manufactured at low cost, has excellent long-term reliability and power generation efficiency, and is easy to repair or replace when a problem occurs.
- the purpose is to do.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention includes: a laminate, and a housing that stores the laminate, wherein the laminate includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, and the working electrode. And an electrolyte layer formed between the counter electrode, and the housing includes: a frame covering the laminate; and a lid fixing the laminate to the frame. The frame covers an area corresponding to a position where the conductor is formed in the working electrode. And a photoelectric conversion element.
- the conductor is provided on a peripheral portion of the working electrode.
- the lid is detachably fixed to the frame.
- an elastic member is interposed between the counter electrode and the lid.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a photoelectric conversion element that can be manufactured at low cost, has excellent long-term reliability and power generation efficiency, and is easy to repair or replace when a problem occurs.
- the purpose is to do.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention includes a laminate, and a housing that stores the laminate, wherein the laminate has a working electrode, a counter electrode, and the working electrode. And an electrolyte layer formed between the counter electrode, and the housing includes: a main body that covers the stacked body; and a lid that fixes the stacked body to the main body. A photoelectric conversion element detachably fixed to the main body is provided.
- a photoelectric conversion element including a laminate including a working electrode, a counter electrode and an electrolyte layer formed therebetween, and a housing for housing the laminate.
- the housing provides a photoelectric conversion element including a main body that covers the stacked body, wherein the working electrode is detachably fixed to the main body.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing another example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a photoelectric conversion element according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell which is an example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing another example of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing still another example of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell as a first example of a photoelectric conversion element according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing the dye-sensitized solar cell of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view showing a dye-sensitive solar cell which is a second example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic sectional view showing a dye-sensitive solar cell as a first example of a photoelectric conversion element according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell as a second example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell (photoelectric conversion element) 210 has a working electrode (window electrode) having a porous oxide semiconductor layer (also referred to as an oxide electrode) 2 13 having a sensitizing dye supported on the surface. 2 18, a counter electrode 2 19 disposed opposite to the working electrode 2 18 on the side of the porous oxide semiconductor layer 2 13, and at least a portion between these electrodes And an electrolyte layer 2 16.
- the working electrode 2 18 is composed of, for example, a first substrate 2 11, a transparent conductive film 2 12 and an oxide electrode 2 13 arranged thereon in that order.
- One counter electrode 219 includes, for example, a second substrate 215 and a conductive film 215 disposed thereon.
- the laminated body 220 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 216 between the working electrode 218 and the counter electrode 219 functions as a cell constituent member, that is, a photoelectric conversion element.
- the stacked body 220 is housed inside the housing 222 surrounding the stacked body, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the stacked body 220 are 1 is in contact with the inner surface.
- at least a portion of the housing 221 that is in contact with the working electrode 218, that is, the lid 225 shown in FIG. 2 is made of a material having optical characteristics of transmitting sunlight.
- a laminated body 220 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 216 between the working electrode 218 and the counter electrode 219 forms an upper surface and a lower surface thereof as a housing 2
- the housing 22 is housed so as to be in contact with the inner surface thereof, and the inner surface of the housing 22 is provided so as to sandwich the upper and lower surfaces of the multilayer body 220. Therefore, if the housing 221 is sealed, for example, at the portion where the lid 225 and the side 224 of the box 222 are in contact with each other, the cell components including the laminated body 220 are collectively included. It becomes possible to seal.
- the arrow toward the stacked body 220 indicates the direction of the force applied to the stacked body 220 when the housing 221 is sealed.
- An elastic member 226 is provided between the counter electrode 219 and the bottom 223 constituting the housing 221 for the purpose of sealing the laminate 220 so as to be firmly fixed. Is preferred.
- a gap filling material 227 is inserted between the working electrode 218 and the lid 225 constituting the housing.
- a material having excellent sunlight transmission characteristics is suitably used as the gap filling material 227.
- silicone oil is filled as the gap filling material 227, an air layer existing between the first substrate 211 and the lid 225 can be removed, and the transparency is desirably increased.
- the installation of the elastic member 226 and the gap filling material 227 reduces the relative displacement of the upper and lower electrodes in the in-plane direction, improves the shape stability against external force, Desirable because seismicity is imparted.
- one end is provided to each of the counter electrode 219 and the working electrode 218 so as not to pass through the inside of the housing 221 and to come into contact with the side surface of the laminate 220.
- a configuration is adopted in which conductors 228 and 229 are connected, and the conductors 228 and 229 are provided separately from the housing 222 and the other ends of which are extended.
- the other ends of the conductors 228 and 229 used to connect to an external circuit can be freely led out of the housing 221 from any portion of the housing 221. It is possible to meet various installation conditions according to the external circuit system.
- the conductor 2 218 is connected to the working electrode 2, and the other end of the conductor 228 extends outside the housing 2 21.
- the elastic member 226 described above may be provided between the side surface of the multilayer body 220 and the conductor 228 to prevent the elastic member 226 from coming into contact with the elastic member 226.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the conductor 228 is arranged so as to be sandwiched between the elastic member 226 and the side portion 224 of the housing 221. It may be provided so as to penetrate inside 26.
- the conductors 228 and 229 shown in FIG. 2 are configured such that the other ends thereof extend from the side portions 224 of the housing 221 to the outside of the housing 221.
- the photoelectric conversion device When such a configuration is adopted, a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements are connected in series simply by arranging them two-dimensionally so that the sides of the housing that stores the individual photoelectric conversion elements are in contact with each other. It becomes possible. Conventionally, the connection member and the connection circuit required for connecting the photoelectric conversion elements to each other are not required at all, and the connection can be performed simply by arranging the housings. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is The conversion element can greatly reduce the time required for construction. In addition, since a connecting member and a connecting circuit between the photoelectric conversion elements can be omitted, the unit can be manufactured at low cost. A photoelectric conversion element in which the housing sandwiching the laminate is entirely formed of a transparent member can be used as a substitute for a window glass.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing another example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the photoelectric conversion element 210 shown in FIG. 3 has the conductors 222 ′ and 222 ′ each having the other end extending from the bottom 222 of the housing 222 to the outside of the housing 222.
- the structure is the same as that of the photoelectric conversion element 210 shown in FIG.
- Such a structure When the configuration is adopted, a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements are connected in series simply by arranging the housings 2 2 1 in two dimensions so that the bottom 2 2 3 of the housing 2 2 1 contacts the external circuit. It is possible to connect to.
- the photoelectric conversion element according to the first embodiment of the present invention greatly reduces the time required for construction.
- a connecting member and a connecting circuit between photoelectric conversion elements can be omitted, a unit can be manufactured at low cost.
- the photoelectric conversion element having this configuration can be handled like a roof tile or a tile, and thus can be used, for example, as part or all of a roof material / wall material.
- a plate made of a light-transmitting material is used, and is usually made of glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, etc. Any material can be used as long as it is used as a transparent substrate of a solar cell.
- the substrate may be appropriately selected in consideration of the resistance to a liquid or gel electrolyte, but a substrate having as high a light transmittance as possible is preferable for use.
- a transparent conductive film 212 made of metal, carbon, a conductive metal oxide layer, etc. is formed on the surface of the first substrate 211 facing the dye-sensitive semiconductor electrode 211 to provide conductivity. It is preferred.
- a metal layer or a carbon layer is formed as the transparent conductive film 212, it is preferable to have a structure that does not significantly impair the transparency, and from the viewpoint that a thin film that does not impair the conductivity and the transparency can be formed, Is also appropriately selected.
- the conductive metal oxide for example ITO, S n 0 2, etc. S n 0 2 of fluorine-doped can be used.
- a dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode 213 formed by supporting a sensitizing dye on a semiconductor porous film.
- the first substrate 2 11, the transparent conductive layer 2 and the dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode 2 13 constitute a working electrode (window electrode) 2 18.
- the semiconductor that forms the semiconductor porous film of the dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode 2 13 is not particularly limited, and may be any material that is generally used to form a porous semiconductor for a solar cell. For example, T i 0 2 , S N_ ⁇ 2, W0 3, Z n O , or the like can be used N b 2 O 5.
- Examples of the method of forming a porous film include a method of forming a film from a sol-gel method, electrophoretic deposition of fine particles, making a porous material with a foaming agent, and removing excess components after applying a mixture with a polymer bead.
- the present invention is not limited to these.
- Sensitizing dyes include metal complexes such as ruthenium complexes, porphyrins and phthalocyanines, etc., having ligands containing biviridine and terpyridine structures, as well as organic dyes such as eosin, rhodamine and merocyanine. It is possible to select a substance having an excitation behavior suitable for a semiconductor, a use, and a semiconductor used without any particular limitation.
- a metal plate can be used because it does not need to have light transmittance in particular, and the same substrate as the first substrate 2 11 may be used.
- An electrode provided with a conductive film 214 on the second substrate 215 is used as a counter electrode 219.
- the conductive film 214 for example, a layer of carbon, platinum, or the like formed by vapor deposition, sputtering, or heat treatment after application of chloroplatinic acid is preferably used, but is not particularly limited as long as it functions as an electrode. Not something.
- An electrolyte layer 216 is provided between the above-described working electrode 218 and counter electrode 219 to form a cell constituting member composed of a multilayer body 220.
- the laminate 220 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is obtained by dropping and applying a liquid or gel electrolyte on the porous oxide semiconductor layer 2 13 constituting the working electrode 2 18. , Or after spraying, the working electrode 218 is overlapped so that the liquid or gel electrolyte is in contact with the counter electrode 219, and a load is applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the laminate.
- the electrolyte layer 2 16 of the first embodiment of the present invention a highly viscous material which has conventionally been difficult to inject from the injection port into the narrow electrode gap can be used.
- a liquid electrolyte is gelled (pseudo-solidified) using an appropriate gelling agent, and a high-viscosity one can be used, but any material conventionally used may be used. .
- electrolyte layer 216 As a material constituting the electrolyte layer 216, for example, iodide / iodide ion, tertiary butyl pyridine or the like as an electrolyte component is dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethylene carbonate / methoxyacetitol.
- Liquid electrolyte usually referred to as an electrolyte solution
- the liquid electrolyte as a gelling agent
- Gelled electrolytes to which gelidation is added with biuredene fluoride, polyethylene oxide derivatives, amino acid derivatives and the like are listed.
- the laminated body 220 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 216 between the working electrode 218 and the counter electrode 219 is housed in the housing 221, and the upper surface of the laminated body 220 and The lower surface is in indirect contact with the inner surface of the housing 2 2 1.
- At least the portion of the housing 221 that comes into contact with the working electrode 218, that is, the lid 225 is made of a material having an optical property of transmitting sunlight, such as acryl, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, or the like. Transparent and rigid materials such as soda glass can be used.
- the other part of the housing 2 2 1, namely, the box 2 2 2 composed of the bottom 2 2 3 and the side 2 2 4 is a conductor extending from the two electrodes to the external circuit of the housing 2 2 1
- the material is not particularly limited as long as the insulation with 228 and 229 is secured.
- the counter electrode 2 19 is provided on the inner bottom surface of the box 2 2 2 constituting the housing 2 2 1, and the working electrode 2 18 is stacked so that the electrolyte layer 2 16 is in contact with the counter electrode 2 19, and the laminate 2 2 0, and a lid 2 25 constituting the housing 2 22 is arranged so as to cover the working electrode 2 18, and then a stacked body of the stacked body 220 from the outside of the housing 2 21 By applying a load in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the housing and sealing the housing 221, a dye-sensitive solar cell 210 can be obtained.
- the housing 222 is sealed by, for example, applying pressure or heat to a contact portion between the side portion 224 of the housing 221 and the lid 225.
- the laminated body 220 is housed in the housing 221, it is disposed so as to be located away from the sealing portion of the housing 221, so that There is no possibility that the accompanying heat will reach the laminate 220. For example, if sealing is performed using a laser, a configuration that does not use a thermoplastic resin can be achieved.
- the counter electrode 219 is overlaid on top of the liquid or gel.
- a liquid or gel electrolyte is formed on the porous oxide semiconductor layer forming the working electrode 218 by sandwiching the gel electrolyte between the working electrode 218 and the counter electrode 219 and applying pressure.
- the electrolyte layer 2 16 can be formed by filling, thereby forming a laminated body 220 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 2 16 between the working electrode 2 18 and the counter electrode 2 19. For this reason, make a hole in the counter electrode 219 as in the past, inject the electrolyte, and close the hole.
- the manufacturing process can be simplified and labor can be reduced, so that a low-cost photoelectric conversion element can be obtained. Furthermore, since the distance between the working electrode (window electrode) 2 18 and the counter electrode 2 19 can be made smaller than before, the power generation efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell can be improved. Furthermore, silicone oil is used as a gap filling material 227 between the first substrate 221 forming the working electrode (window electrode) 218 and the lid 225 forming the housing 221. Filling is preferable because the air layer existing between the first substrate 211 and the lid 222 can be removed, and the transparency is increased.
- the first embodiment of the present invention has a cell configuration including a stacked body 220 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 216 in the housing between the working electrode 218 and the counter electrode 219.
- the components are stored. For this reason, if the housing is sealed, it is possible to collectively seal the cell constituting members composed of the laminated body 220, and the heat applied when bonding the electrodes, which has been a problem in the past, increases the dye. A photoelectric conversion element that can avoid the influence on the dye adsorbed on the semiconductor-sensitive electrode is obtained.
- the cell constituting member composed of the stacked body 220 is housed in the housing, it is possible to provide a photoelectric conversion element having excellent weather resistance during long-term use.
- a laminate 220 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 2 16 between the working electrode 2 18 and the counter electrode 2 19 before being housed in the housing is manufactured. Since it is possible to inject a liquid or gel electrolyte between the electrodes very easily, it contributes to a significant reduction in manufacturing cost.
- an elastic member 226 is provided between the counter electrode 219 and the bottom 223 of the housing 221.
- a gap filling material 227 is inserted between the working electrode 218 and the lid 225, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the laminated body 220 are connected to the inner surface of the housing 221.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell (photoelectric conversion element) 210 having a configuration indirectly in contact with the laminate 2 is illustrated, the elastic member 2 26 and the gap filling material 2 27 are not provided, and the laminate 2 A dye-sensitized solar cell in which a laminate 22 is housed in a housing 22 1 such that the upper and lower surfaces of 20 are directly or in contact with the inner surface of the housing 22 1
- the electrodes can be sealed without causing distortion or breakage in the substrate constituting the electrodes, the thickness of the substrate can be reduced, and electrical connection stability can be ensured.
- the photoelectric conversion element 250 one end is connected to each of the counter electrode 259 and the working electrode 258 so as to pass through the inside of the housing 251 and not contact the side surface of the stacked body 260.
- the photoelectric conversion element 250 can be electrically connected to the outside.
- the conductor 268 having one end connected to the working electrode 258 includes an elastic member 266a disposed between one side surface of the laminate 260 and the housing 261; Since it is arranged so as to extend along the contact surface with the transparent conductive film 52 constituting the working electrode 258, it is possible to prevent the conductor 268 from coming into contact with the side surface of the laminated body 260 and short-circuiting.
- the conductor 268 is not affected even if the elastic member 266a is deformed during sealing, so that one end of the conductor 268 and the working electrode 258 are not affected. The stability of the electrical connection is assured.
- the first substrate 251 constituting the working electrode 258 has a thickness of, for example, 0.3 mm. It is possible to use an extremely thin glass substrate The element 250 can be made thinner.
- the second embodiment of the present invention may be any configuration that satisfies the operations and effects described above, and is not limited to these examples. Absent.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell (photoelectric conversion element) 310 has a porous oxide semiconductor layer (also referred to as an oxide electrode) 3 13 having a sensitizing dye carried on the surface. 3 18), a counter electrode 3 19 disposed opposite to the porous oxide semiconductor layer 3 13 side of the working electrode 3 18, and at least a part between these electrodes And an electrolyte layer 316.
- the working electrode 3 18 is composed of, for example, a first substrate 3 11, a transparent conductive film 3 12 and an oxide electrode 3 13 arranged thereon in that order.
- One counter electrode 319 includes, for example, a second substrate 315 and a conductive film 314 disposed thereon.
- the laminated body 320 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 316 between the working electrode 318 and the counter electrode 319 functions as a cell constituent member, that is, a photoelectric conversion element.
- the first substrate 311 which is a part of the working electrode 3118 functions as one electrode forming a cell and also functions as a lid constituting a housing. Fulfill.
- the laminated body 320 is housed inside a housing composed of a box 322 surrounding it and a lid (working electrode 3118), and the lower surface of the laminated body 320 is a box body. It is in contact with the inner bottom surface of 3 2 2.
- a material having optical characteristics of transmitting sunlight is preferably used for the first substrate 311 constituting the working electrode 3118 which also serves as a lid of the housing.
- a laminate 3 20 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 3 16 between the working electrode 3 18 and the counter electrode 3 19 has the lower surface thereof inside the box 3 2 2.
- the first substrate 311, which is housed so as to be in contact with the bottom surface, that is, the inner surface of the bottom portion 3223, and is a part of the working electrode 3118 functions as a lid.
- the laminate 3200 in the dye-sensitized solar cell 3110 is formed on the top surface by the bottom 323 of the box 3222 forming the housing and the first substrate 311 also serving as the lid. It is configured to sandwich the lower surface.
- the counter electrode 3 19 is provided so as to be in direct or indirect contact with the inner bottom surface of the box 3 2 2 constituting the housing, that is, the inner surface of the bottom portion 3 2 3.
- the working electrode 318 is overlapped so that the working electrode 316 contacts, to form a laminated body 320, and the first substrate 310, which is a part of the working electrode 318, is arranged so as to serve as a lid of the housing.
- sealing is performed by a laser method at a portion where the first substrate 311 of the working electrode 3118 and the side portion 3224 of the box 3222 are in contact with each other, so that a cell structure having the laminated body 320 is formed. It is possible to seal all members together.
- a laminated body 320 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 316 between the working electrode 318 and the counter electrode 319 can be used.
- a liquid or gel electrolyte is filled in the mixture, and the other electrode is sandwiched therebetween, whereby a laminate can be formed.
- the electrolyte interposed between the electrodes does not spill out of the gap due to the capillary phenomenon. Therefore, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the step of injecting the electrolytic solution, which has conventionally required a long time, can be omitted, and the second embodiment of the present invention contributes to the provision of a low-cost photoelectric conversion element. .
- the first substrate constituting the working electrode may have an optical characteristic that transmits sunlight and a characteristic that can withstand heat generated when a laser beam is received (heat resistance). ) Is preferable.
- heat resistance a characteristic that can withstand heat generated when a laser beam is received.
- an arrow toward the stacked body 320 indicates the direction of a force applied to the stacked body 320 when the housing 321 is sealed.
- a conductive member 326 is provided between the counter electrode 319 and the bottom 323 constituting the housing 3221. Is preferred.
- the installation of the elastic members 326 is desirable because the upper and lower electrodes suppress relative displacement in the in-plane direction, improve shape stability against external force, and provide earthquake resistance.
- the lid having the first substrate 311 and the box 3 One end is connected to each of the counter electrode 3 19 and the working electrode 3 18 so as not to pass through the inside of the housing made up of
- a configuration is adopted in which conductors 328 and 329 are separately provided at the other ends.
- the other ends of the conductors 3 28 and 3 29 used to connect to an external circuit can be freely led out of the housing from any part of the housing 3 21 It is possible to meet various installation conditions according to the external circuit system.
- the conductor 328 connected at one end to the working electrode 318 and having the other end extending outside the housing passes through the inside of the housing 321 and does not contact the side surface of the laminated body 320
- each side surface of the oxide electrode 3 13, the conductive film 3 14, and the second substrate 3 The elastic member 326a may be provided between the elastic member 328 and the elastic member 328.
- the oxide electrode 3 13 and the conductive film 3 which pass through the inside of the first substrate 3 11 of the working electrode 3 18 forming the lid of the housing and constitute a part of the laminate 3 20
- the conductor 3 has one end connected to the counter electrode 3 19 and the working electrode 3 18 so as not to contact each side of the 14 and the second substrate 3 15, and the other end extending outside the housing 3. 28 and 329 can be provided individually, and the photoelectric conversion element 310 can be electrically connected to the outside.
- the conductor 328 having one end connected to the working electrode 318 is composed of the oxide electrode 313, the conductive film 3, which forms a part of the laminate '320.
- An elastic member 326a provided between each side surface of the 14 and the second substrate 315 and the conductor 328, and an end of the transparent conductive film 312 constituting the working electrode 318 They are arranged so as to extend along the surface that makes contact with 312a. This arrangement prevents the conductor 328 from coming into contact with the side surfaces of the oxide electrode 313 and the conductive film 314 that constitute a part of the stacked body 320, thereby causing a short circuit.
- the conductor 328 does not pass through the elastic member 326a and the transparent conductive film 312 Since it exists on the contact surface between the end 312a and the elastic member 326a, it is hardly affected by the influence. Therefore, the electrical connection between one end of the conductor 328 and the transparent conductive film 318 constituting the working electrode 318 is kept extremely stable, and the improvement of this electrical connection depends on the output of the photoelectric conversion element. Provides long-term stability of properties.
- the side portion 324 of the housing was disposed so as to be in contact with the side surface 320t of the multilayer body 320.
- the working electrode 318 is kept in contact with the counter electrode 319 not only in the center but also in the vicinity of the end. Dripping. Therefore, when sealed, the working electrode 318 does not receive a biased pressure near the end, so that the first substrate 331 constituting the working electrode 318 may be distorted or damaged. It is possible to keep the performance low. It is most preferable that the housing is arranged so as to be in contact with all the side surfaces of the laminate. However, as described above, the conductor 328 connected at one end to the working electrode 318 is formed in a thickness of the laminate 320.
- the elastic member 346a is disposed between the two. It is preferable to use a member having an insulating property as the elastic member 346 a because the risk of short-circuit between the laminated body 320 and the conductor 328 can be avoided. If the elastic member 346 a is provided only in the vicinity where the conductor 328 is present, and the other side portion 324 of the housing is arranged so as to be in contact with the laminated body 320, the above-described description is provided. The effect is obtained in almost the same way.
- the method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a working electrode 3 18 having a porous oxide semiconductor layer 3 13 having a sensitizing dye carried on its surface, and a working electrode 3 18
- the electrolyte layer 316 is disposed on the counter electrode 319 disposed on the side of the porous oxide semiconductor layer 313 of the counter electrode and at least a part between the counter electrodes 318 and 319.
- the method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element 310 according to the present invention includes at least the following two steps.
- the porous oxide semiconductor layer 318 constituting the working electrode 318 is filled with a liquid or gel electrolyte to form an electrolyte layer 316.
- a counter electrode 3 19 is provided in direct or indirect contact with the inner bottom surface of the box 3 2 2 constituting the housing, that is, the inner surface of the bottom 3 2 3.
- the working electrode 3 18 is overlapped so that the electrolyte layer 3 16 is in contact with it to form a laminated body 3 18, and the first substrate 3 11 constituting the working electrode 3 18 serves as a lid of the housing.
- the contact portion between the first substrate 311 forming the working electrode 318 and the side portion 3224 of the box 3222 is sealed by a laser method or an adhesive method to produce a housing. I do.
- the problem of injecting the electrolyte in the conventional manufacturing method First, two electrode plates are fused together to form a cell, and then a very narrow space is defined through the previously opened injection port. Injecting between two electrodes, and finally closing the injection port, complicates the manufacturing process, and if the electrolyte has a high viscosity, it will be very difficult to inject the electrolyte.
- the first step according to the second embodiment of the present invention can solve all the problems that require a long time and effort and the problem that the manufacturing cost increases for these reasons.
- the contact portion between the first substrate 311 1 forming the working electrode 3 18 and the side portion 3224 of the box 3222 is sealed by a laser method or an adhesive method. Since the housing is manufactured, the effect of the heat applied at the time of the sealing being conducted to the dye adsorbed on the dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode 3 13 can be further suppressed.
- a plate made of a light-transmissive material is used, and is usually made of glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, or the like. Any material can be used as long as it is used as a transparent substrate of a solar cell.
- the substrate may be appropriately selected in consideration of the resistance to an electrolytic solution and the like. However, a substrate having as high a light transmittance as possible is preferable for use.
- a transparent conductive film 312 having a metal, carbon, conductive metal oxide layer, etc. is formed on the surface of the first substrate 311 on the side of the dye-sensitive semiconductor electrode 313, and the conductive 14 is provided. It is preferred.
- a metal layer or a carbon layer is formed as the transparent conductive film 312, it is preferable to adopt a structure that does not significantly impair the transparency, and from the viewpoint that a thin film that does not impair the conductivity and the transparency can be formed, Is also appropriately selected.
- the conductive metal oxide it can be used, for example ITO, S N_ ⁇ 2, and fluorine-doped S N_ ⁇ 2.
- a dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode 313 formed by supporting a sensitizing dye on a semiconductor porous film is further provided on the transparent conductive layer 302 mounted on the first substrate 311.
- First One substrate 311, transparent conductive layer 302 and dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode 313 constitute a working electrode (window electrode) 318.
- the semiconductor that forms the semiconductor porous film of the dye-sensitive semiconductor electrode 313 is not particularly limited, and any material that is generally used to form a porous semiconductor for a solar cell is used. can also be used, eg, T I_ ⁇ 2, S N_ ⁇ 2, W0 3, Z n O , or the like can be used n b 2 O 5.
- Examples of the method of forming a porous film include a method of forming a film from a sol-gel method, electrophoretic deposition of fine particles, making the particles porous by a foaming agent, and removing excess components after applying a mixture with polymer beads.
- the present invention is not limited to these.
- the sensitizing dye examples include a metal complex such as ruthenium complex, porphyrin, and phthalocyanine having a ligand containing a biviridine structure or a terpyridine structure, and an organic dye such as eosin, rhodamine, or merocyanine. It is possible to select a substance having an excitation behavior suitable for a semiconductor, a use, and a semiconductor used without any particular limitation.
- a metal plate can be used because it is not particularly necessary to have optical transparency, and the same substrate as the first substrate 315 may be used.
- an electrode provided with a conductive film 314 is used as a counter electrode 319.
- a layer of carbon, platinum, or the like formed by vapor deposition, sputtering, or heat treatment after application of chloroplatinic acid is preferably used, but is not particularly limited as long as it functions as an electrode. Not something.
- An electrolyte layer 316 is provided between the working electrode 318 and the counter electrode 319 to form a cell constituting member having a laminated body 320.
- the laminate 320 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is obtained by filling the porous or oxide semiconductor layer 313 constituting the working electrode 318 with a liquid or gel electrolyte. After forming the layer 3 16, the working electrode 3 18 is overlapped so that the electrolyte layer 3 16 is in contact with the counter electrode 3 19 to form a laminate 3 20, and then the laminate 3 2 0 It is formed by applying a load in a direction perpendicular to the surface.
- the electrolyte layer 316 of the second embodiment of the present invention it is possible to use a highly viscous material which has conventionally been difficult to inject from the injection port into the narrow electrode gap. It can be used as a gelled (pseudo-solidified) electrolyte solution with high viscosity, but any material that has been used in the past can be used. I do not care.
- the laminate 3 20 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 3 16 between the working electrode 3 18 and the counter electrode 3 19 includes a box 3 2 2 and a lid having the first substrate 3 1 1 It is accommodated in the housing, and the lower surface of the laminate 320 is in direct or indirect contact with the inner surface of the bottom portion 323 constituting the box 322 of the housing.
- At least the lid of the housing, that is, the first substrate 311 that constitutes the working electrode 3118 is made of a material having optical characteristics that transmits sunlight as described above, for example, acrylic or polycarbonate. Transparent and rigid materials such as polyvinyl chloride and soda glass.
- the other part of the housing that is, the box 322 composed of the bottom part 322 and the side part 324 is a conductor 328, 3 extending from the two electrodes to the external circuit of the housing.
- the material is not particularly limited as long as the insulation property with respect to 29 is ensured.
- a counter electrode 319 is provided directly in contact with the inner bottom surface of the box body 322 constituting the housing, and the working electrode 318 is overlapped such that the electrolyte layer 316 contacts the counter electrode 319.
- a cover body that is, a first substrate 311 that constitutes the housing 3222 is disposed so as to cover the working electrode 3118, the lid body and the housing are formed. Only the connection part of the box 3 2 2 is irradiated with laser and sealed. As a result, the stacked body that forms the cell is housed in the box that forms the housing without applying a load such as heating or pressing to the cell itself, that is, the stacked body, unlike the conventional sealing method.
- the casing is collectively sealed to obtain the dye-sensitive solar cell 310.
- An elastic member may be provided between the inner bottom surface of the box 3222 and the counter electrode 3 19 so that the inner bottom surface of the box 3222 and the counter electrode 3 19 are indirectly in contact with each other.
- the sealing may be performed using an adhesive instead of the method of sealing by laser irradiation.
- the electrolyte forming the electrolyte layer 316 can be filled by dropping it to the working electrode (window electrode) 318 and then sandwiching it with the counter electrode 319. Since a complicated process of making a hole in 9 and injecting an electrolyte and closing the hole can be omitted, the manufacturing process can be simplified and labor can be reduced, so that a low-cost photoelectric conversion element can be obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell as an example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
- This dye-sensitized solar cell 401 is formed by sealing a plurality of laminates 402 in a state of being arranged on a flat surface in a housing 403.
- the stacked body 402 has a working electrode 421 provided with a porous oxide semiconductor layer 421a on one surface, and a counter electrode disposed opposite to the porous oxide semiconductor layer 421a.
- the reference numeral 422 is superposed with the working electrode 4221 and the counter electrode 4222 sandwiching an electrolyte layer (not shown).
- the working electrode 421 includes a transparent substrate 421 b such as a glass substrate or a translucent plastic film, and tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (ITO) provided on the transparent substrate 421 b. (FTO) or the like, and a porous oxide semiconductor layer 421a provided on the transparent conductive film 421c.
- a transparent substrate 421 b such as a glass substrate or a translucent plastic film
- ITO indium oxide
- ITO fluorine-doped tin oxide
- FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide
- the porous oxide semiconductor layer 4 2 1 a are titanium oxide (T i 0 2), zinc oxide (Z n O), tin oxide (S n 0 2), niobium oxide (N b 2 0 5), such as
- the oxide semiconductor fine particles are formed by adsorbing a sensitizing dye such as a ruthenium complex having a ligand such as biviridine or terpyridine on the surface.
- the counter electrode 422 is a conductive substrate, in which a thin conductive film 422 b made of a metal such as platinum or carbon is formed on a substrate 422 a such as a glass substrate. You.
- An electrolyte layer (not shown) sandwiched between the working electrode 421 and the counter electrode 422 includes an electrolyte component such as iodine 'trioxide ion, tertiary monobutylpyridine, and the like, and ethylene carbonate methoxide.
- the electrolytic solution or the gel electrolyte constituting the electrolyte layer is impregnated in the voids of the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode 421.
- the surface of the porous oxide semiconductor layer 421a is in a state of being covered with the electrolytic solution or the gel electrolyte.
- the electrolyte or the gel electrolyte constituting the electrolyte layer is formed by the capillary phenomenon in the space between the particles of the oxide semiconductor fine particles constituting the porous oxide semiconductor layer 421a. It does not spill out of the outer periphery.
- a current collecting wiring portion 405 is provided on an outer peripheral portion of the working electrode 421.
- the current collecting wiring section 405 includes a conductive film formed by applying and drying a conductive paste containing a conductive powder on a transparent substrate 421 b, and a thin film made of a metal such as platinum or carbon. , Made of wiring or the like formed by soldering, and electrically connected to the transparent conductive film 421 c.
- the laminated body 402 and an external connection terminal (not shown) provided in the housing 403 can be electrically connected to each other via the current collecting wiring section 405.
- an insulating material such as an elastic member 441 described later is provided between the adjacent transparent conductive films 421 c and the current collecting wiring part 405,
- the transparent conductive films 421 c and the current collecting wiring portions 405 are not electrically connected to each other between the adjacent stacked bodies 402.
- the housing 400 containing the laminated body 402 is composed of a back plate 431 made of a metal plate such as stainless steel or a flat plate made of synthetic resin such as plastic, and the back plate 431. 1 and a frame body 4 32 provided on the outer peripheral portion.
- the frame 4 32 is opposed to the side wall 4 32 a protruding substantially perpendicular to the back plate 4 3 1 over the entire outer peripheral portion of the back plate 4 3 1 and the back plate 4 3 1. And a window frame portion 432b arranged so as to meet the requirements.
- the window frame portion 432b extends from the upper end portion of the side wall portion 432a toward the laminate 402 side and is formed integrally with the side wall portion 432a, for example, stainless steel or the like.
- a metal plate obtained by bending and forming the same or a synthetic resin such as plastic can be used.
- the side wall portion 432a constituting the frame 432 and the outer peripheral portion of the back plate 431 are detachably adhered and fixed by a releasable adhesive such as an epoxy adhesive.
- a releasable adhesive such as an epoxy adhesive.
- a sheet-like elastic member 441 made of polyurethane, polyethylene, rubber sponge or the like is provided on the back plate 431.
- a plurality of laminates 402 are two-dimensionally arranged on the elastic member 441 so as to be in contact with each other.
- the two-dot chain line indicates the boundary between the stacked bodies 402.
- These stacked bodies 402 are provided so that their working electrodes 421 are directed upward, and the light such as sunlight incident from above the window frame portion 432 b is formed on the porous oxide semiconductor layer 432. 1a is absorbed to generate an electromotive force.
- the transparent substrate 4 21 b of the working electrode 4 21 of the laminated body 402 becomes the light receiving surface 4 11 1 of the dye-sensitized solar cell 401.
- the elastic member 441 and a gap filling material 442 such as silicone oil may be provided between the side wall portion 432 a and the laminated body 402 so that no gap is formed. Absent.
- the window frame portion 432b constituting the frame 432 includes a frame portion 432c extending from an upper end portion of the side wall portion 432a toward the laminated body 402, and a frame portion. And a middle cross section 4 32 d connected to 4 32 c.
- the frame portion 432c is provided in an area corresponding to the position of the current collecting wiring portion 405 in contact with the side wall portion 432a.
- the middle crosspiece 432d is provided in an area corresponding to the position of the current collecting wiring section 405 near the boundary between the adjacent stacked bodies 402.
- a rectangular laminate 4002 is provided with a current collecting wiring portion 405 provided on the outer periphery thereof. It is arranged two-dimensionally on the rectangular back plate 4 3 1 without any gap.
- a middle crosspiece 432d is connected in a matrix shape to the frame portion 432c. It is provided.
- the porous oxide semiconductor layer 4 of the transparent substrate 4 21 b of the working electrode 4 21 The area corresponding to the position 21a is exposed to the outside through the opening 432e of the window frame 432b.
- the window frame portion 4 32 b is in contact with a plurality of laminates 402 arranged on the back plate 4 31, and the window frame portion 4 32 b allows the laminate 402 to be formed. It is configured to be pressed toward the back plate 431.
- a sealing material such as an O-ring may be provided on the contact surface between the window frame portion 432b and the working electrode 4221 of the multilayer body 402.
- the sealing material By providing the sealing material, the sealing property between the window frame portion 4 32 b and the working electrode 4 21 of the laminated body 402 can be improved.
- a method for forming the dye-sensitized solar cell 401 by sealing the plurality of laminates 402 in the housing 4003 is described below.
- a working electrode 421 provided with the porous oxide semiconductor layer 421a and a counter electrode 422 are prepared.
- the working electrode 421 can be manufactured by a known method.For example, after forming a transparent conductive film 421 c on a transparent substrate 421 b by a sputtering method or the like, a paste containing oxide semiconductor fine particles is applied. It can be manufactured by applying it on the transparent conductive film 42 1 c and subjecting it to heat treatment.
- a current collecting wiring portion 405 is formed on the outer periphery of the working electrode 421.
- An electrolytic solution or a gel-like electrolyte is provided by being dropped or applied to the surface of the porous oxide semiconductor 4221a of the working electrode 4221 or the surface of the counter electrode 4222. Then, the working electrode 421 and the counter electrode 422 are overlapped with the electrolytic solution or the gel electrolyte sandwiched therebetween to form a laminate 402.
- An elastic member 441 is provided on the back plate 431, and a plurality of laminates 402 are arranged on the elastic member 441 with their counter electrodes 422 facing the elastic member 441. .
- a conductor (not shown) or the like is electrically connected to the counter electrode 422, and the conductor is electrically connected to an external connection terminal (not shown) provided on the housing 4003.
- a gap filling material 442 may be provided in a region corresponding to the position of the current collecting wiring portion 405.
- a window frame portion 432b provided with a frame portion 432c and a middle rail portion 432d in an area corresponding to the position of the current collecting wiring portion 405, and a side wall portion 432 frame 4 3 2 with a Prepared
- the window frame 4 3 2 b of the frame 4 32 was brought into contact with the working electrode 4 2 1, and the laminated body 402 was pressed in the direction of the back plate 4 3 1 by the window frame 4 3 2 b.
- the frame 432 and the outer peripheral portion of the back plate 431 are detachably adhered and fixed with a peelable adhesive.
- the electrolyte or the gel electrolyte spreads over the entire surface of the working electrode 4 21 and the counter electrode 4 22, and the electrolyte or the gel electrolyte is The porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode 421
- the porous internal oxide semiconductor of the 421a extends to the surface of the oxide semiconductor.
- the size of the frame body 43 is adjusted in advance so that the laminate 402 can be hermetically sealed in the housing 4003 without any gap. While being pressed by the window frame portion 432 in the direction of the back plate 431, it is hermetically sealed without gaps over the entire periphery of the side wall portion 432 a of the frame body 432.
- the frame part 4 32 c provided in the area corresponding to the position of the current collecting wiring part 400 in contact with the window frame part 4 32 b force side wall part 4 32 a, and the adjacent laminated body
- the frame section 4 32 c and the middle cross section 4 With the porous oxide semiconductor layer 4 21 a of the working electrode 4 21 exposed through the opening 4 3 2 e surrounded by 3 2 d, the frame section 4 3 2 c and the middle cross section
- Each laminated body 402 can be pressed in the direction of the back plate 43 1 by 43 2 d.
- the window frame portion 4 32 b abuts on a region corresponding to the position of the current collecting wiring portion 405 provided on the outer peripheral portion of each of the laminates 402, and attaches the laminate 400 to the back plate 4 3 1. Since the pressing is performed in the direction, the pressing force is applied to the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of each laminated body 402.
- the stacked body 402 regardless of whether the stacked body 402 is located near the outer peripheral portion of the back plate 431, or near the center of the back plate 431, it is added to each stacked body 402.
- the pressing force can be kept almost constant.
- the distance between the working electrode 4 21 and the counter electrode 4 2 2 becomes almost constant over the entire light receiving surface 4 11 1 of the dye-sensitized solar cell 4 01, and the variation in power generation efficiency can be suppressed.
- the window frame 4 32 b has excellent torsional strength because the middle frame 4 32 d is connected to the frame 4 32 c so that the window frame 4 32 b has the torsional strength. It is less likely to warp than a flat lid of the same weight, and suppresses fluctuations in pressing force due to deformation of the window frame 4 32 b. The variation in the distance between the working electrode 421 and the counter electrode 422 in each laminated body 402 is suppressed, and a substantially constant power generation efficiency is obtained.
- the laminated body 402 is pressed in the direction of the back plate 431 by the window frame portion 432b, and the working electrode 4221 and the counter electrode 4222 are provided. Are laminated with the electrolyte or gel electrolyte sandwiched therebetween, and the frame body 4 3 2 is pressed with the laminated body 402 pressed in the direction of the back plate 4 3 1 by the window frame section 4 32 b.
- the laminated body 402 can be hermetically sealed in the housing 403 collectively.
- the window frame portion 4 32 b is provided in a region corresponding to the position of the current collecting wiring portion 405 that does not contribute to power generation, and the opening portion 4 3 b of the window frame portion 4 32 b is provided. Since the porous oxide semiconductor layer 4 21 a of the working electrode 4 21 is exposed to the outside through the 2 e, the porous surface with respect to the light receiving surface 4 1 1 of the dye-sensitized solar cell 4 The area ratio of the oxide semiconductor layer (shaded area in FIG. 7) 421a can be increased, and the light-receiving surface 4111 of the dye-sensitive solar cell 401 can be used more effectively.
- porous oxide semiconductor layer 421a of the working electrode 421 is exposed to the outside through the opening 432e of the window frame 432b, light such as sunlight Can be directly incident on the working electrode 421 to be absorbed by the porous oxide semiconductor layer 421a.
- the light intensity does not decrease before the light enters the working electrode 421, and the power generation efficiency is further improved. Can be made.
- the window frame portion 432b is provided in a region corresponding to the position of the current collecting wiring portion 405, light such as sunlight does not enter the current collecting wiring portion 405, and The temperature rise of the current collecting wiring section 405 due to irradiation can be suppressed.
- the current collecting wiring section 405 is formed by applying a conductive paste on a substrate such as a glass substrate, drying the conductive film, a thin film made of a metal such as platinum or carbon, or soldering. Wiring and the like are formed.
- a conductive paste on a substrate such as a glass substrate, drying the conductive film, a thin film made of a metal such as platinum or carbon, or soldering. Wiring and the like are formed.
- the current collecting wiring portion 405 increases, thermal stress occurs near the interface with the substrate due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the current collecting wiring portion 405 and the substrate, and the current collecting wiring portion 405 may be separated from the substrate. For this reason, since the temperature rise of the current collecting wiring portion 405 is suppressed, the current collecting wiring portion 405 can be prevented from peeling from the substrate due to the temperature rise, and excellent long-term stability can be obtained.
- the elastic member 441 is provided between the back plate 431 and the laminated body 402, the pressing force for pressing the laminated body 402 in the direction of the back plate 431 is reduced.
- it is added to the layer 402, it is possible to suppress the lateral shift of the layered body 402, and to hold the layered body 402 in a state of being firmly fixed while maintaining flexibility upward and downward. Can be sealed in the housing 4003.
- the provision of the elastic member 4 41 and the gap filling material 4 42 can suppress the relative positional relationship between the working electrode 4 2 1 and the counter electrode 4 2 2 from shifting in the in-plane direction, and Excellent shape stability and earthquake resistance against external force can be obtained.
- the side wall portion 432a constituting the frame 432 and the outer peripheral portion of the back plate 431 are detachably adhered and fixed by a detachable adhesive, so that the adhesive is removed.
- the side wall portion 432a and the back plate 431 can be separated. For this reason, after separating the side wall portion 4 3 2 a and the back plate 4 3 1, each laminated body 402 can be removed from the back plate 4 3 1, and replacement of the laminated body 402 and The back plate 4 3 1 and the frame 4 3 2 can be reused.
- the side wall portion 432a and the back plate 431 may be detachably fixed by screws or the like.
- the side wall portion 432a and the window frame portion 432b may not be integrally formed, and the window frame portion 432b may be detachably attached to the side wall portion 432a. Absent. As a result, after separating the side wall portion 432a and the window frame portion 432b, the respective laminated bodies 402 can be removed from the back plate 431 in the same manner as in the present embodiment. The body 402 can be replaced, and the back plate 431 and the frame 432 can be reused.
- the side wall portion 432a and the window frame portion 432b are detachably fixed by using a releasable adhesive or a screw. Also shown in Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 9, by using a locking means such as an elastic claw 406 or a flap 407 provided with an engagement means such as an engagement claw as shown in FIG.
- the window frame portion 4 32 b can be detachably fixed to 2 a.
- FIG. 8 shows another example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the third embodiment of the present invention, in which a plurality of elastic claws 406 are used as locking means and end portions 432 on the upper surface side of the side wall portion 432a.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells provided in f.
- the plurality of elastic claws 400 protrude from the upper end 432 f of the side wall portion 432 a, and an inner space surrounded by the plurality of elastic claws 400.
- the window frame portion 4 3 2 b is pushed into 4 6 1
- the space between the plurality of elastic claws 4 6 6 is pushed out, so that the laminated body 4 0 Window frame toward 4
- the elastic claw 406 is made of a synthetic resin such as plastic, and is formed integrally with the side wall portion 432a. It is shaped to engage with the frame portion 432c of the frame portion 432b.
- the inclined surface 462 formed at the tip of the elastic claw 406 protruding from the side wall portion serves as a window frame portion 432b to the space 461 surrounded by the plurality of elastic claws 406. The push-in and the push-in of the plurality of elastic claws 406 by this push-in are smoothly realized.
- the space 461 is shaped so as to expand in a tapered shape so that the reception of 432b is performed smoothly.
- the window frame section 4 3 2 b was pushed into the laminated body 402 via the space 4 6 1 through the space 4 6 1, and the window frame section 4 3 2 b exceeded the tip nail 4 6 3, and the tip nail 4 6 3
- the tip claw 463 of the elastic claw 406 is moved by the elastic restoring force of the elastic claw 406, and the frame portion 432 of the window frame 432b. Engage with the upper surface of c.
- the elastic claws 406 have a function of detachably holding the window frame portion 432b in a state where the window frame portion 432b is pressed toward the laminated body 402.
- FIG. 9 shows another example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the third embodiment of the present invention, in which a flap 407 is rotatably provided at an upper end 432 f of the side wall 432 a.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the flap 407 is rotatably attached to an end 432 f on the upper surface side of the side wall 432 a.
- An engagement means such as an engagement claw 471 provided on the flap 407 and an L-shaped section provided on a frame 432c of the window frame 432b are provided.
- the window frame portion 432 b can be detachably held in a state where the window frame portion 432 b is pressed toward the laminated body 402. It has become.
- the flap 407 is a one-piece molded product made of plastic, and has a plate 472 having substantially the same width as the upper end 432f of the side wall 432a.
- An engaging means such as an engaging claw 471 projecting perpendicularly to the plate body 472 is provided at the tip of the plate, and its cross-sectional shape is L-shaped.
- the plate body 472 is pivotally supported by a columnar shaft provided along an end 432f on the upper surface side of the side wall 432a. It can rotate around the center.
- the engaged means 408 protruding from the frame portion 432c of the window frame portion 432b is provided with an extending portion 481 protruding from the outer peripheral portion of the upper surface of the frame portion 432c.
- a tip claw 482 having a rectangular cross section which is projected from the side surface of the tip of the extension portion 481 and is engaged with the engagement claw 471 of the flap 407. I have.
- the engaged means 408 is provided over the entire outer peripheral portion of the upper surface of the frame portion 432c.
- the engaging claw 407 1 of the flap 407 becomes the window frame portion 4 3 2 b
- the window frame 4 32 b moves toward the engaged means 4 08 of the window frame 4 3 2 b while abutting against the frame 4 3 2 c and pressing the window frame 4 3 2 b in the direction of the back plate 4 3 1. .
- the window claw 471 of the flap 407 causes the window frame portion 4 to engage.
- 32 b is detachably held in a state pressed toward the laminate 402.
- the window frame portion is provided in a region corresponding to the position of the current collecting wiring portion, the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode is exposed to the outside through the opening so that the window frame portion can be used.
- Each laminate can be pressed in the direction of the back plate. Since the window frame portion contacts the region corresponding to the position of the current collecting wiring portion provided on the outer peripheral portion of each laminate, and presses the laminate in the direction of the back plate, the pressing force is near the outer peripheral portion of each laminate. Will be joined at the center.
- the pressing force applied to each laminate can be kept almost constant, and the dye-sensitized type
- the distance between the working electrode and the counter electrode is almost constant over the entire light receiving surface of the solar cell, and variations in power generation efficiency can be suppressed.
- the middle frame part is connected to the frame part of the window frame part, so that the window frame part has excellent torsional strength and is less likely to warp than a conventional flat lid with the same weight. Fluctuations in the pressing force due to the deformation of the window frame can be suppressed, fluctuations in the distance between the working electrode and the counter electrode in each laminate are suppressed, and almost constant power generation efficiency can be obtained.
- the laminated body is pressed in the direction of the back plate by the window frame portion, and the working electrode and the counter electrode are overlapped with the electrolytic solution or the gel electrolyte interposed therebetween, and the window frame portion is formed.
- the laminate can be hermetically sealed in the housing at a time. For this reason, it is not necessary to use a single cell in which the working electrode and the counter electrode are bonded with a seal layer as in the conventional case, and the light-receiving surface of the dye-sensitized solar cell can be used effectively.
- the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode was exposed to the outside through the opening of the window frame, the area ratio of the porous oxide semiconductor layer to the light receiving surface of the dye-sensitized solar cell was reduced.
- the size can be large, and the light receiving surface of the dye-sensitized solar cell can be used more effectively.
- the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the working electrode is exposed to the outside through the opening of the window frame portion, light such as sunlight is directly incident on the working electrode to form the porous oxide semiconductor layer.
- light such as sunlight is directly incident on the working electrode to form the porous oxide semiconductor layer.
- the light intensity does not decrease, so that power generation efficiency can be further improved.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell, which is an example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing the dye-sensitized solar cell of FIG.
- reference numeral 510 denotes a dye-sensitive solar cell
- 511 denotes a first substrate
- 512 denotes a transparent conductive film
- 513 denotes a porous oxide semiconductor layer
- 51 4 is the working electrode
- 5 16 is a second substrate
- 5 17 is a conductive film
- 5 18 is a counter electrode
- 5 19 is an elastic member
- 5 20 is a conductor
- 5 2 1 is a gap filler
- 5 2 5 Denotes a laminate
- 530 denotes a housing
- 531 denotes a frame
- 532 denotes a lid
- 533 denotes an adhesive layer
- 534 denotes an adhesive layer.
- This dye-sensitized solar cell 5 10 has a working electrode 5 14 provided on the surface 5 14 a on which the porous oxide semiconductor layer 5 13 on which the sensitizing dye is supported is provided, One side 5 1
- the counter electrode 5 18 arranged opposite to 4a, the one surface 5 14a and the surface 5 18a opposite to the other surface 5 14a at counter electrode 5 18 (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ counter electrode)
- the working electrode 5 14 includes a first substrate 5 11, a transparent conductive film 5 12 and a porous oxide semiconductor layer 5 13 sequentially formed on one surface 5 11 a. I have.
- a conductor 520 is provided on the periphery of one surface 514a of the working electrode 514 so as to surround the side surface 513a of the porous oxide semiconductor layer 513. .
- the counter electrode 518 includes a second substrate 516 and a conductive film 517 formed on one surface 516a.
- a laminate 5 25 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 5 15 between the working electrode 5 14 and the counter electrode 5 18 functions as a photoelectric conversion element.
- the laminate 5 25 covers a part of the side surface 5 25 a of the laminate 5 25 and part of the other surface 5 14 b of the working electrode 5 14
- a housing 5300 having a frame 531 and a lid 532 that fixes the laminate 525 to the frame 531 in contact with the other surface 518b of the counter electrode 518. Housed within.
- the frame 531 is a frame that covers the entire side surface 525a of the laminated body 525 from outside.
- the pressing portion 531B is formed on the other surface 514b of the working electrode 514b in a region corresponding to the position of the conductor 5200 formed on the one surface 514a.
- the end surface 531c of the pressing portion 531B and the side surface 5200a of the conductor 520 on the side of the porous oxide semiconductor layer 513 are substantially flush with each other. Exists on top. '
- the lid 532 is in contact with the other surface 518b of the counter electrode 518 via the elastic member 519. Further, the lid 532 is fixed to the frame 531 via the adhesive layer 534.
- the working surface 5 14 b of the working electrode 5 14 corresponds to the position of the conductor 5 20 formed on the other surface 5 14 a.
- the structure provided so as to cover the region includes, as shown in FIG. 10, the end face 531 c of the pressing portion 531 B and the side of the porous oxide semiconductor layer 513 of the conductor 52. Not only the structure in which the side surface 5200a and the side surface 5200a exist on almost the same plane, but also the end surface 531c of the pressing portion 531B exists in the region where the porous oxide semiconductor layer 513 exists. And a structure in which the end surface 531c of the pressing portion 531B is present in a region closer to the frame portion 531A than the side surface 5200a of the conductor 52.
- a gap filling material 521 is disposed between the lid 532 and the conductor 5220 via an elastic member 519 and surrounding the side surface of the counter electrode 518.
- the gap filler may not be provided.
- the laminated body 5 25 has its upper surface and lower surface sandwiched between the pressing portion 531 B of the frame 5 31 1 and the lid 5 32, and the laminated body 5 25 It is housed in the housing 530 in a state where it is pressed in a direction perpendicular to the surface. Further, in this state, the entire area of the side surface 5 25 a of the laminate 5 25 is covered with the frame portion 531 A, and the laminate 5 25 is collectively sealed by the housing 5 350. I have.
- the lid 5 32 is fixed to the frame 5 31 via an adhesive layer 5 34.
- a thin, hard knife such as a razor blade
- the lid 532 can be easily removed from the frame 531. It is preferable to be able to do so.
- the fixing of the lid 532 is not limited to the bonding, and may be performed by screwing or the like.
- the first substrate 511 a substrate made of a light-transmitting material is used, such as glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, and polyether sulfone, which are usually used as transparent substrates for solar cells. Anything can be used as long as it is used.
- the first substrate 511 is appropriately selected in consideration of the resistance to the electrolytic solution and the like from among them, but a substrate having as high an optical transparency as possible is preferable in terms of application.
- the transparent conductive film 5 1 2 is a thin film made of metal, carbon, a conductive metal oxide, or the like formed on one surface 5 1 1 a in order to impart conductivity to the first substrate 5 1 1. .
- a metal thin film or a carbon thin film is formed as the transparent conductive film 512, the first substrate 511 has a structure which does not significantly impair the transparency.
- the conductive metals oxide forming the transparent conductive film 5 1 for example, indium tin oxide (I ndiu m- T in O xide , ITO), tin oxide (S N_ ⁇ 2), fluorine-doped Tin oxide or the like is used.
- the porous oxide semiconductor layer 5 13 is provided on the transparent conductive film 5 12, and the surface carries a sensitizing dye.
- the semiconductor for forming the porous oxide semiconductor layer 513 is not particularly limited, and any semiconductor that is generally used for forming a porous semiconductor for a solar cell can be used.
- Such semi-conductor for example, titanium oxide (T i 0 2), tin oxide (S n 0 2), oxide Tan Dasuten (W0 3), zinc oxide (Z n O), niobium oxide (N b 2 ⁇ 5 ) can be used.
- Examples of the method for forming the porous oxide semiconductor layer 5 13 include, for example, formation of B from the sol-gel method, electrophoretic deposition of fine particles, porosity using a foaming agent, and excess after application of a mixture with polymer beads and the like. Examples include, but are not limited to, methods of removing components.
- sensitizing dyes include those containing a biviridine structure or terpyridine structure in the ligand. It is possible to apply metal-containing complexes such as tandem complexes, porphyrins and phthalocyanines, and organic dyes such as eosin, mouthamine and merocyanine, among which those exhibiting the excitation behavior suitable for the application and the semiconductor used are particularly limited. You can choose without.
- the electrolyte layer 515 is formed by impregnating the porous oxide semiconductor layer 513 with the electrolytic solution, or after the porous oxide semiconductor layer 513 is impregnated with the electrolytic solution. Then, the electrolyte solution is gelled (pseudo-solidified) using an appropriate gelling agent, and a material integrally formed with the porous oxide semiconductor layer 513 is used.
- electrolytic solution a solution is used in which an electrolyte component such as iodine, iodide ion, or t- "s-butylpyridine is dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethylene carbonate and methoxyacetonitrile.
- an electrolyte component such as iodine, iodide ion, or t- "s-butylpyridine is dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethylene carbonate and methoxyacetonitrile.
- Examples of the gelling agent used for gelling the electrolytic solution include polyvinylidene fluoride, a polyethylene oxide derivative, and an amino acid derivative.
- the same substrate as the first substrate 5 11, or a metal plate, a synthetic resin plate, or the like is used because it does not need to have light transmittance.
- the conductive film 517 is a thin film made of a metal such as platinum, carbon, or the like formed on one surface 516 a for imparting conductivity to the second substrate 516.
- a layer of carbon or platinum formed by vapor deposition, sputtering, or heat treatment after application of chloroplatinic acid is preferably used, but is not particularly limited as long as it functions as an electrode. Not something.
- foamed polyethylene foamed polyurethane, rubber sponge, or the like is used as the elastic member 519.
- the laminate 525 is sealed by the housing 530 so that an external force is applied to the laminate 525 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the laminate. Is received.
- the elastic member 5 19 allows the laminate 5 25 to be firmly fixed to the housing 5 30 while maintaining flexibility in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the laminate.
- the conductor 520 include a conductor formed by a conductive ink such as silver by a screen printing method, and a conductor formed by soldering.
- the conductor 520 is placed around the periphery of the working electrode 514 (the porous oxide semiconductor layer 513). (Surrounding the side).
- the laminated body 525 can be electrically connected to an external connection terminal (not shown) provided in the housing 530.
- gap filling material 521 foamed polyethylene, foamed polyurethane, rubber sponge, or the like is used.
- the working electrode is generated by an external force generated when the laminate 5255 is sealed by the housing 5330.
- the occurrence of lateral displacement between 5 14 and the counter electrode 5 18 can be suppressed.
- the laminated body 525 can be firmly fixed to the housing 530 while maintaining flexibility in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the laminated body.
- the material forming the frame 531 and the lid 532 forming the housing 5350 is not particularly limited, but various metals, ceramics, various synthetic resins, and the like are used.
- the adhesive for forming the adhesive layer 533 any material can be used as long as the first substrate 511 can be bonded to the frame 531. It is preferable that the laminated body 525 can be easily removed from the frame 531 by adding the same.
- the adhesive for forming the adhesive layer 533 for example, an epoxy adhesive or the like is used.
- the adhesive forming the adhesive layer 5334 it is possible to use the same adhesive as the adhesive forming the adhesive layer 5334, but the lid 532 is used as the frame 531. Any material that can be bonded can be used. In particular, it is preferable that the adhesive forming the adhesive layer 5334 be such that the cover 532 can be easily removed from the frame 531 by applying a predetermined external force.
- an adhesive forming the adhesive layer 534 for example, an epoxy-based adhesive is used.
- the dye-sensitive solar cell 510 it is not necessary to fill the electrolyte between the working electrode 514 and the counter electrode 518 after assembling the stacked body 520. , The process can be simplified.
- the dye-sensitive solar cell 5100 does not require a sealing material made of a thermoplastic resin or the like, and thus has excellent weather resistance, that is, long-term reliability.
- the dye-sensitive solar cell 510 does not require a distance between the working electrode 514 and the counter electrode 518, so it has excellent power generation efficiency! / Puru.
- the pressing portion 5 3 1 B provided on the frame 5 3 1 constituting the housing 5 3 0 is connected to the other surface 5 1 4 of the working electrode 5 1 4.
- it covers the area where the conductor 520 formed on one surface 5 14 a exists, and the portion of the working electrode 5 14 involved in power generation is not covered with a cover plate, etc.
- the body 525 is sealed by the housing 530. Therefore, since the amount of light incident on the portion of the working electrode 5 14 involved in power generation does not decrease, the dye-sensitized solar cell 5 10 has higher power generation efficiency.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 5 10 since the conductor 5 20 is formed on the periphery of the negative surface 5 14 a of the working electrode 5 14, power generation at the working electrode 5 14 Since the area of the part that participates in the dyeing can be increased, the dye-sensitized solar cell 510 has higher power generation efficiency.
- the laminate 5 25 is detachably fixed to the frame 5 3 1 via the adhesive layer 5 3 3, and the lid 5 3 2 is adhered. Since it is detachably fixed to the frame 531 via the agent layer 5354, if a failure occurs in the laminate 5255, it can be removed from the housing 5350 for repair, It can be replaced with a good product. In addition, since the housing 530 can be used repeatedly, manufacturing costs can be reduced.
- a conductor 520 is provided on the periphery of the one surface 514a of the working electrode 514.
- an electrolytic solution to which a gelling agent has been added in advance is added to the porous oxide semiconductor layer 5 13. After dripping and impregnating, the electrolytic solution is gelled to form an electrolyte layer 515 integrated with the porous oxide semiconductor layer 513.
- the working electrode 5 1 4 is arranged in 5 3 1.
- the counter electrode 518 is overlapped with the working electrode 5 13 so that the conductive film 5 17 overlaps the electrolyte layer 5 15, and the electrolyte layer 5 15 is sandwiched between the working electrode 5 14 and the counter electrode 5 18.
- the laminated body 5 25 formed by the above is formed in the frame 5 31.
- a gap filling material 521 is arranged so as to surround the side surface of the counter electrode 518 and contact the conductor 520.
- a lid 532 is arranged so as to cover the counter electrode 518 via the elastic member 519. Then, while applying a load from the outside of the lid 5 32 to a direction perpendicular to the surface of the laminate of the laminate 5 25, the lid 5 32 is attached to the frame 5 3 via the adhesive layer 5 3 4. By fixing to 1 and sealing the laminated body 525 with the housing 5330, a dye-sensitized solar cell 510 is obtained.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell, which is a second example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- This example is different from the first example in the structure for sealing the stacked body 525 by the housing 5330.
- the same components as those of the first example shown in FIG. 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the inner surface 531a of the frame portion 531A is in contact with the side surface 525a of the laminate 525, and the pressing portion 531B
- the other surface 5 14 b of the working electrode 5 14 is in contact with the inner surface 5 31 b via the sealing member 5 41.
- the lid 532 is in contact with the frame 531 via the sealing member 542. Further, the lid 532 is fixed to the frame 531 by screws 543.
- a fitting portion (not shown) having a groove or the like for fitting the sealing member 541 is required. However, it is preferable to provide them on the inner surface 531 b of the pressing portion 531 B of the frame 531 1 and one surface 5 14 a of the working electrode 5 14. Also, a fitting having a groove or the like for fitting the sealing member 542 is provided. Parts (not shown) are provided on the surface of frame 531 of frame 531 1 that is in contact with lid 532 and the surface of lid 532 that is in contact with frame 531A. Is preferred.
- an elastic material such as nitrile rubber, silicon rubber, urethane rubber, and fluoro rubber, an O-ring made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and a gasket are used.
- Any screw can be used as long as it can join and fix the lid 532 to the frame 531.
- means for joining and fixing the lid to the frame include, for example, a locked portion provided on the frame, a rotatable lid.
- Means for pinching by the clamping force of the panel can also be used.
- the means for locking the locking portion to the locked portion may be a means for fitting the fitting portion to the fitting portion.
- the laminated body 5 25 can be easily removed from the housing 5 30 for repair or replaced with a non-defective product. .
- the steps can be simplified. Further, the photoelectric conversion element of the fourth embodiment of the present invention does not require a sealing material made of a thermoplastic resin or the like, and thus has excellent weather resistance, that is, long-term reliability. Furthermore, the photoelectric conversion element of the fourth embodiment of the present invention does not require a distance between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and thus has excellent power generation efficiency. Further, in the photoelectric conversion element according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the pressing portion provided on the frame constituting the housing covers at least a region of the working electrode where the conductor is formed.
- the part involved in power generation is not covered with a cover plate, etc., and the laminate formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer between the working electrode and the counter electrode is sealed by the housing, so it is involved in power generation at the working electrode Incident on the part Since the amount of light does not decrease, the power generation efficiency is improved.
- the photoelectric conversion element according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention if the conductor is formed on the periphery of the working electrode, the area of the working electrode involved in power generation can be increased, and the resistance of the substrate can be reduced. Therefore, a photoelectric conversion element having higher power generation efficiency can be realized.
- the frame and the lid constituting the housing are detachably fixed, if a problem occurs in the laminated body, this is removed from the housing. It can be repaired or replaced with a good one. In addition, since the housing can be used repeatedly, manufacturing costs can be reduced.
- the photoelectric conversion element according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention if an elastic member is interposed between the counter electrode and the lid, even if an external force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the laminate, the working electrode It is possible to suppress the occurrence of lateral displacement between the counter electrode and the counter electrode. Further, the laminate can be firmly fixed to the housing by the elastic member while maintaining flexibility in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the laminate.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell, which is an example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 610 denotes a dye-sensitized solar cell
- 611 denotes a first substrate
- 612 denotes a transparent conductive film
- 613 denotes a porous oxide semiconductor layer
- 614 denotes an action.
- Electrode 6 15 is an electrolyte layer
- 6 16 is a second substrate
- 6 17 is a conductive film
- 6 18 is a counter electrode
- 6 19 is an elastic member
- 6 20 is a laminate
- 6 3 0 is a housing , 631, a main body, 632, a lid, 641, a sealing member, and 642, a screw.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 6 10 has a working electrode 6 14 provided on the surface 6 14 a on which the porous oxide semiconductor layer 6 13 on which the sensitizing dye is supported is provided, A counter electrode 6 18 arranged opposite to one surface 6 14 a, and a surface 6 18 a opposite to one surface 6 1 a at one surface 6 14 a and counter electrode 6 18 ( Hereinafter, referred to as “one surface 6 18 a of the counter electrode 6 18”) and an enclosure 6 accommodating them. 30.
- the working electrode 6 14 includes a first substrate 6 11, and a transparent conductive film 6 1 2 and a porous oxide semiconductor layer 6 13 sequentially formed on the one surface 6 11 a. I have.
- the counter electrode 6 18 includes a second substrate 6 16 and a conductive film 6 17 formed on the one surface 6 16 a.
- a laminate 6 20 formed by sandwiching the electrolyte layer 6 15 between the working electrode 6 14 and the counter electrode 6 18 functions as a photoelectric conversion element.
- the laminate 6 20 has a concave cross-sectional body 6 3 covering the side surface 6 20 a of the laminate 6 20 and the other surface 6 18 b of the counter electrode 6 18. 1 and a lid 632 that is in contact with the other surface 614b of the working electrode 614 and fixes the laminate 620 to the main body 631.
- the main body 631 is in contact with the other surface 618b of the counter electrode 618 via the elastic member 619.
- the lid 632 is in contact with the main body 631 via the sealing member 641. Further, the lid 632 is fixed to the main body 631 by screws 642.
- a fitting portion (not shown) having a groove or the like for fitting the sealing member 641 is required.
- the main body 631 on the surface 631a in contact with the lid 632 and on one surface 632a of the lid 632.
- the laminated body 62 is pressed with its upper surface and lower surface sandwiched between the main body 631 and the lid 632 in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the laminated body. In this state, it is stored in the housing 630. In this state, the entire area of the side surface 6200a of the laminate 6200 is covered by the main body 631, and the laminate 6200 is collectively sealed by the housing 6330. ing.
- a substrate made of a light-transmitting material such as glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, and polyether sulfone, which are usually used as a transparent substrate of a solar cell. In things Anything can be used.
- the first substrate 611 is appropriately selected from the above, taking into consideration the resistance to an electrolytic solution and the like. However, a substrate having as high an optical transparency as possible is preferable in terms of application.
- the transparent conductive film 6 12 is a thin film made of metal, carbon, a conductive metal oxide, or the like formed on one surface 6 11 a of the first substrate 6 11 1 in order to impart conductivity to the first substrate 6 11. .
- the first substrate 611 has a structure that does not significantly impair the transparency.
- the conductive metal oxide that forms the transparent conductive film 6 1 for example, indium tin oxide (I ndiu m- T in O xide , ITO), tin oxide (S N_ ⁇ 2), the oxidation of fluorine-doped Tin or the like is used.
- the porous oxide semiconductor layer 613 is provided on the transparent conductive film 612, and a sensitizing dye is supported on the surface thereof.
- the semiconductor for forming the porous oxide semiconductor layer 613 is not particularly limited, and any semiconductor that is generally used for forming a porous semiconductor for a solar cell can be used.
- Such semi-conductor for example, titanium oxide (T i 0 2), tin oxide (S n 0 2), oxide Tan Gusuten (W0 3), zinc oxide (Z n O), niobium oxide (N b 2 ⁇ 5 ) can be used.
- Methods for forming the porous oxide semiconductor layer 613 include, for example, film formation from a sol-gel method, electrophoretic deposition of fine particles, porosity using a foaming agent, and excess components after application of a mixture with polymer beads and the like. However, the method is not limited to these.
- a ruthenium complex containing a biviridine structure or a terpyridine structure in a ligand, a metal-containing complex such as porphyrin or phthalocyanine, or an organic dye such as eosin, a mouthamine, or a merocyanine can be used.
- a metal-containing complex such as porphyrin or phthalocyanine
- an organic dye such as eosin, a mouthamine, or a merocyanine
- the electrolyte layer 615 is formed by impregnating the porous oxide semiconductor layer 613 with an electrolyte, or after the electrolyte is impregnated in the porous oxide semiconductor layer 613. Then, the electrolytic solution is gelled (pseudo-solidified) using an appropriate gelling agent to form a porous acid solution. A material integrally formed with the material semiconductor layer 613 is used.
- electrolytic solution a solution in which an electrolyte component such as iodine, iodide ion, and tertiary butyl pyridine is dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethylene carbonate and methoxyacetonitrile is used.
- an electrolyte component such as iodine, iodide ion, and tertiary butyl pyridine is dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethylene carbonate and methoxyacetonitrile is used.
- Examples of the gelling agent used for gelling the electrolyte include polyvinylidene fluoride, a polyethylene oxide derivative, an amino acid derivative and the like.
- the same substrate as the first substrate 6 11, or a metal plate, a synthetic resin plate, or the like is used because it does not need to have light transmittance.
- the conductive film 617 is a thin film made of a metal such as platinum, carbon, or the like formed on one surface 616a for imparting conductivity to the second substrate 616.
- a layer of carbon or platinum formed by vapor deposition, sputtering, or heat treatment after application of chloroplatinic acid is preferably used, but is not particularly limited as long as it functions as an electrode. Not something.
- the elastic member 610 foamed polyethylene, foamed polyurethane, rubber sponge, or the like is used.
- the laminate 6200 is sealed by the housing 6330, so that an external force is applied to the laminate 6200 in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the laminate. It is.
- the elastic member 6 19 between the counter electrode 6 18 and the main body 6 31, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a lateral displacement between the working electrode 6 14 and the counter electrode 6 18 due to this external force. Can be controlled.
- the laminate 620 can be firmly fixed to the housing 630 while maintaining flexibility in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the laminate by the elastic member 610.
- the material for forming the main body 631 is not particularly limited, but various metals, ceramics, various synthetic resins, and the like are used.
- a member having an optical property of transmitting sunlight is used as the lid 632.
- the member having the optical property of transmitting sunlight is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a member made of a transparent and rigid material such as acrylic, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, and soda glass.
- Sealing members 6 4 1 include nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane rubber, Elastic materials such as raw rubber and O-rings and gaskets made of polytetrafluoroethylene are used.
- Any screw can be used as long as it can join and fix the lid 632 to the main body 631.
- means for joining and fixing the lid to the frame include, for example, a locked portion provided on the frame, a rotatable lid.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 610 there is no need to fill the electrolyte between the working electrode 614 and the counter electrode 618 after assembling the stacked body 620.
- the process can be simplified.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 6100 does not require a sealing material made of a thermoplastic resin or the like, and therefore has excellent weather resistance, that is, long-term reliability.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 610 is excellent in power generation efficiency because it is not necessary to keep a distance between the working electrode 614 and the counter electrode 618.
- the lid 6 32 is detachably fixed to the main body 6 31 via the sealing member 6 41, and the laminated body 6 Since the laminate is sealed by 30, if a problem occurs in the laminate 620, it can be removed from the housing 630 and repaired or replaced with a non-defective product. In addition, since the housing 630 can be used repeatedly, manufacturing costs can be reduced.
- an electrolytic solution to which a gelling agent has been added in advance is dropped and impregnated into the porous oxide semiconductor layer 6 13, and then the electrolytic solution is gelled to form the porous oxide semiconductor layer 6 13.
- an electrolyte layer 6 15 which is integral with.
- the working electrode 6 1 1 in the main body 6 3 1 is brought into contact with the inner bottom face 6 3 1 a of the main body 6 3 1 via the other surface 6 18 b force of the counter electrode 6 18 via the elastic member 6 19. Place 4.
- the counter electrode 6 18 is overlapped with the working electrode 6 13 so that the conductive film 6 17 overlaps the electrolyte layer 6 15, and the electrolyte layer 6 15 is sandwiched between the working electrode 6 14 and the counter electrode 6 18.
- the laminated body 620 formed by the above is formed in the main body 631.
- a lid 632 is arranged so as to cover the other surface 614b of the working electrode 614.
- the lid 632 is attached to the main body 631 via the sealing member 641.
- the laminate 620 is sealed with a screw 642 and the housing 630 is sealed, thereby obtaining a dye-sensitized solar cell 610.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell, which is a second example of the photoelectric conversion element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 6550 indicates a dye-sensitized solar cell
- 651 indicates a first substrate
- 652 indicates a transparent conductive film
- 653 indicates a porous oxide semiconductor layer
- 654 indicates an action.
- Electrode 655 is an electrolyte layer
- 656 is a second substrate
- 657 is a conductive film
- 658 is a counter electrode
- 609 is an elastic member
- 660 is a laminate
- 670 is a housing (Also referred to as “body”)
- 681 indicates a sealing member
- 682 indicates a screw.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 650 has a working electrode 654 in which a porous oxide semiconductor layer 653 having a sensitizing dye supported on the surface is provided on one surface 654a, A counter electrode 658 arranged opposite to the surface 654a of the first surface, and a surface facing this surface at one surface 654a and the opposite electrode 658 (hereinafter referred to as “one surface”). ) It is roughly composed of an electrolyte layer 655 formed between the electrode layer and the housing 670 that accommodates these. In this dye-sensitive solar cell 65, the electrolyte layer 65 is formed integrally with the porous oxide semiconductor layer 653.
- the working electrode 654 is formed on the first substrate 651 and one surface 651a in this order.
- the peripheral portion 654 c of the working electrode 654 is not provided with the porous oxide semiconductor layer 653, and is constituted by the first substrate 651 and the transparent conductive film 652. I have.
- the counter electrode 658 includes a second substrate 656 and a conductive film 657 formed on the one surface 656a.
- the electrolyte layer 65 5 is connected to the working electrode 65 54 and the
- the stacked body 660 sandwiched between 580 functions as a photoelectric conversion element.
- the laminate 660 is a side surface of the laminate 660.
- a main body 670 having a concave cross section that covers the other surface 658b of 60a and the counter electrode 658. Further, the main body 6700 is in contact with the other surface 658b of the counter electrode 658 via the elastic member 659. ′ Further, the peripheral portion 654 c of the working electrode 654 is directly in contact with the main body 670 via the sealing member 681. Further, the peripheral portion 654 c of the working electrode 654 is fixed to the main body 670 by a screw 682.
- a fitting portion (not shown) having a groove or the like for fitting the sealing member 681 is required. It is preferable to provide the surface 670a of the main body 670 in contact with the peripheral portion 654c and the surface 654d of the peripheral portion 654c in contact with the main body 670.
- the entire area of the side surface 660 a of the laminate 660 is covered by the housing.
- the laminated body 660 is collectively sealed by the housing 670 in a state of being covered with 670 and being pressed in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the laminated body.
- the same substrate as the first substrate 611 is used.
- the transparent conductive film 652 the same one as the transparent conductive film 612 is provided.
- the semiconductor forming the porous oxide semiconductor layer 653 the same semiconductor as that forming the porous oxide semiconductor layer 613 is used.
- sensitizing dye those similar to those in the first example are used.
- electrolyte layer 655 the same as the above-mentioned electrolyte layer 615 is provided.
- electrolytic solution the same one as in the first example described above is used.
- the gelling agent those similar to the first example described above are used.
- the second substrate 656 the same substrate as the second substrate 616 is used.
- the conductive film 657 a conductive film similar to the conductive film 617 is provided.
- the material forming the housing 670 is not particularly limited, but the same material as the material forming the main body 631 is used.
- sealing member 681 the same one as the sealing member 641 is used.
- screw 682 the same as the screw 642 is used.
- the screw 682 is exemplified as a means for joining and fixing the working electrode 654 to the housing 670, but the photoelectric conversion element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- means for joining and fixing the lid to the frame include, for example, a locked part provided in the housing, a rotatable working electrode.
- Means for locking the flap-shaped locking section provided on the panel, and means for clamping by the clamping force of a panel with a U-shaped sleeve in cross section attached to the outside of the working electrode and the housing so as to be in contact with the surface of the housing Etc. can also be used.
- the means for locking the locking part to the locked part may be a means for fitting the fitting part to the fitting part.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 650 it is not necessary to fill the electrolyte between the working electrode 654 and the counter electrode 658 after assembling the stacked body 660. The process can be simplified. Further, the dye-sensitized solar cell 650 is excellent in weather resistance, that is, long-term reliability, because it does not require a sealing material made of thermoplastic resin or the like. Furthermore, the dye-sensitized solar cell 650 is excellent in power generation efficiency because there is no need to keep a distance between the working electrode 654 and the counter electrode 658.
- the working electrode 654 also serves as the lid of the housing 670, and the portion of the working electrode 654 involved in power generation is not covered by the lid, so it is involved in power generation at the working electrode 654. Since it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of light incident on the portion where the light is emitted, the dye-sensitized solar cell 650 becomes more excellent in power generation efficiency.
- the working electrode 654 is detachably fixed to the housing 670 via the sealing member 681, and the working electrode 654 is connected to the housing 670. 0, and the laminate 660 is sealed by the housing 670. If a problem occurs in the laminate 660, remove it from the housing 670 and repair it. Or exchange for a good product Or you can. In addition, since the housing 670 can be used repeatedly, manufacturing costs can be reduced.
- the photoelectric conversion element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention it is not necessary to fill the electrolyte between the working electrode and the counter electrode after assembling the laminate, so that the steps can be simplified. Further, the photoelectric conversion element of the fifth embodiment of the present invention does not require a sealing material made of a thermoplastic resin or the like, and therefore has excellent weather resistance, that is, long-term reliability. Further, the photoelectric conversion element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention does not require a distance between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and thus has excellent power generation efficiency.
- the working electrode also serves as the lid of the main body, and the portion of the working electrode involved in power generation is not covered with the lid. Since it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of light incident on a part involved in the dyeing, the dye-sensitized solar cell becomes more excellent in power generation efficiency. Furthermore, since the working electrode is detachably fixed to the main body of the housing, and the working electrode is in direct contact with the main body, and the laminate is sealed by the main body, if a failure occurs in the laminate, This can be removed from the main unit for repair or replaced with a good one. In addition, since the main body can be used repeatedly, manufacturing costs can be reduced.
- the photoelectric conversion element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention if an elastic member is interposed between the counter electrode and the housing, even if an external force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the laminate, the working electrode It is possible to suppress the occurrence of lateral displacement between the counter electrode and the counter electrode. Further, the laminate can be firmly fixed to the housing by the elastic member while maintaining flexibility in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the laminate. Industrial potential
- the first embodiment of the present invention it is possible to provide a photoelectric conversion element that has excellent long-term stability and can be provided at low cost.
- a photoelectric conversion element that has excellent long-term stability and can be provided at low cost.
- connection to an external circuit can be easily achieved.
- the photoelectric conversion element according to the embodiment significantly reduces the time required for construction.
- a liquid or gel electrode is applied to the dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode. It is possible to provide a photoelectric conversion element having excellent power generation efficiency and a method for manufacturing the same, while maintaining the merits of filling and injecting the decomposition. Therefore, the second embodiment of the present invention realizes a high output characteristic by increasing the amount of incident light by using the working electrode and the lid in common, and achieves a long-term stability of the output characteristic. Contribute to manufacturing.
- a laminate in which a working electrode and a counter electrode are overlapped with an electrolyte or a gel-like electrolyte sandwiched therebetween, such as a dye-sensitized solar cell, is provided.
- the present invention can be applied to a photoelectric conversion element having a configuration hermetically sealed in a body.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell which can efficiently collect generated electrons while maintaining the advantage that a high-viscosity or gel-like electrolyte can be easily filled is realized. can do.
- solar cells are highly separable from the housing without reducing the amount of light incident on the cells, solar cells with high maintainability and recyclability and low environmental load can be realized.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2004302117A AU2004302117B2 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-08-03 | Photoelectric converter and method for manufacturing same |
EP04771391A EP1667274A4 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-08-03 | PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERTER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
US10/566,985 US20070125420A1 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-08-03 | Photoelectric converter and method for manufacturing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003288076 | 2003-08-06 | ||
JP2003-288076 | 2003-08-06 | ||
JP2003421084A JP4545429B2 (ja) | 2003-08-06 | 2003-12-18 | 光電変換素子及びその製造方法 |
JP2003-421084 | 2003-12-18 | ||
JP2003-430606 | 2003-12-25 | ||
JP2003430606A JP4531388B2 (ja) | 2003-12-25 | 2003-12-25 | 光電変換素子の製造方法 |
JP2004063032A JP4606754B2 (ja) | 2004-03-05 | 2004-03-05 | 光電変換素子 |
JP2004-063032 | 2004-03-05 | ||
JP2004106617A JP4606764B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | 光電変換素子 |
JP2004-106617 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004-106616 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004106616A JP4689183B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005015678A1 true WO2005015678A1 (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
Family
ID=34139927
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/011404 WO2005015678A1 (ja) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-08-03 | 光電変換素子およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070125420A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1667274A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100847551B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004302117B2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI294187B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005015678A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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AU2006305129B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2011-04-28 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device and method for manufacturing same |
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US20080302418A1 (en) * | 2006-03-18 | 2008-12-11 | Benyamin Buller | Elongated Photovoltaic Devices in Casings |
US20070215195A1 (en) * | 2006-03-18 | 2007-09-20 | Benyamin Buller | Elongated photovoltaic cells in tubular casings |
US20100307581A1 (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2010-12-09 | 3Gsolar Ltd. | Large area dye cells, and methods of production thereof |
US20100275992A1 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2010-11-04 | Affinity Co., Ltd. | Solar Cell Module and Process for its Production |
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US7947523B2 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-05-24 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing photoelectric conversion device |
EP2287959A1 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2011-02-23 | Fujikura, Ltd. | Photoelectric conversion element |
CN102326259A (zh) * | 2008-07-02 | 2012-01-18 | 圣戈班性能塑料谢纳有限公司 | 带框器件、密封件及其制造方法 |
CN102341952A (zh) * | 2009-03-06 | 2012-02-01 | 日本电气株式会社 | 光电转换元件及其制造方法,光学传感器和太阳能电池 |
EP2555315A4 (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2014-12-31 | Fujikura Co Ltd | ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
JP5614724B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-31 | 2014-10-29 | 日立金属株式会社 | 光電変換モジュール及び光電変換モジュールの製造方法 |
CN104350677B (zh) * | 2012-06-04 | 2018-06-05 | 夏普株式会社 | 太阳能电池模块以及太阳能电池模块的制造方法 |
KR101707476B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-09 | 2017-02-16 | 주식회사 오리온 | 염료감응형 태양전지의 실링 구조 |
US20150020882A1 (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-22 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Sealing member and solar cell including the same |
JP6337903B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-24 | 2018-06-06 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュールの製造方法及び太陽電池モジュールの製造装置 |
JP5905619B1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-04-20 | 株式会社フジクラ | 色素増感光電変換素子の製造方法 |
US10998140B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2021-05-04 | Zeon Corporation | Solar cell module |
JP6958559B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-06 | 2021-11-02 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュール |
WO2020252432A1 (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-17 | The Administrators Of The Tulane Educational Fund | Spectrum-splitting concentrator photovoltaic module with direct fluid cooling, and associated methods |
EP3896709B1 (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2023-07-26 | Exeger Operations AB | A photovoltaic device |
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- 2004-08-03 US US10/566,985 patent/US20070125420A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-08-03 WO PCT/JP2004/011404 patent/WO2005015678A1/ja active Application Filing
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AU2006305129B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2011-04-28 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device and method for manufacturing same |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2004302117A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
KR100847551B1 (ko) | 2008-07-21 |
AU2004302117B2 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
US20070125420A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
TW200511595A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
EP1667274A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
KR20060065665A (ko) | 2006-06-14 |
TWI294187B (en) | 2008-03-01 |
EP1667274A4 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
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