WO2005011034A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005011034A1 WO2005011034A1 PCT/JP2004/010992 JP2004010992W WO2005011034A1 WO 2005011034 A1 WO2005011034 A1 WO 2005011034A1 JP 2004010992 W JP2004010992 W JP 2004010992W WO 2005011034 A1 WO2005011034 A1 WO 2005011034A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- amount
- power
- heat
- cell system
- Prior art date
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 469
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 89
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102220560241 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV_S13A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100269322 Arabidopsis thaliana AFC2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102220560218 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV_S12A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001331845 Equus asinus x caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000002066 L-histidyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])=NC(C([H])([H])[C@](C(=O)[*])([H])N([H])[H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 101100060016 Mus musculus Chst3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102200012170 rs10084168 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102200029231 rs11551768 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102200084388 rs121918345 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system that generates power using a fuel cell.
- Some conventional fuel cell systems change the operation according to the state of electric load and heat load in order to perform power generation operation economically. For example, when supplying the power required by a power load, the cost required for the fuel cell to generate the power and the cost required for the power system to supply the power are compared, and the fuel cell supplies the power. There is described a fuel cell system that determines whether or not to operate the fuel cell by determining whether or not the fuel cell is operating (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-190308).
- FIG. 17 shows a conventional fuel cell system described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-190308.
- a fuel generator 11 performs a reforming reaction on a raw material such as natural gas in an atmosphere containing steam to generate a fuel gas containing hydrogen, and supplies it to a fuel cell 13.
- the fuel cell 13 generates electric power by an electrochemical reaction between the fuel gas supplied from the fuel generator 11 and an oxidant gas such as air supplied by the oxidant supply means 12.
- the generated power is supplied to the power load 14 by the power supply means 15.
- the power value detection means 16 detects the power used in the power load 14, and the control device 23 controls the cost and the power system when the fuel cell 13 generates and supplies the detected power. Compare the cost of supply and determine the cheaper power supply.
- the power supply means 15 supplies power to the power load 14 from the fuel cell 13.
- the temperature of each part including the fuel cell it is necessary to raise the temperature of each part including the fuel cell to a temperature at which power can be generated before power generation is started, and thus energy is required.
- the energy required for starting is not taken into account, and in addition, when the number of stops is large, the difference between the actual cost and the calculated cost is large.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system that operates a fuel cell rationally in consideration of the energy involved in starting.
- a fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell; load value detection means for detecting a load value of a power or heat load generated by a supply target of the fuel cell system; A load value accumulating means for storing a history of the load values detected by the load value detecting means; a load value that can occur in the future is predicted based on the history of the load values; and the predicted load value is loaded.
- a fuel cell system comprising: a load value predicting unit that stores as value data; and determining a scheduled start time of the fuel cell based on the load value data.
- the fuel cell system can predict the power load of the power supply target and determine the scheduled start-up time, so that the fuel cell system can save fuel when advantageous in terms of energy saving, prevention of global warming, and economy.
- a fuel cell system for operating a battery can be provided.
- the activation of the fuel cell includes the activation of not only the fuel cell itself but also various equipment necessary for the activation of the fuel cell, for example, the activation of a fuel generator, an oxidant supply unit, and the like.
- a second invention is the fuel cell system, wherein the load value is a power value that is a power load to be supplied to the fuel cell system, and the load value data is a power value data.
- the third invention further comprises calculating means for calculating the amount of primary energy consumed for power supply, the amount of carbon dioxide generated thereby, or the cost consumed for the primary energy.
- the calculation means considers either the amount of primary energy consumed for starting the fuel cell, the amount of carbon dioxide generated thereby, or the cost consumed therefor. Then, power is supplied by the fuel cell, or power is supplied when power and heat are supplied, or primary energy is consumed for power and heat supply, the amount of carbon dioxide generated thereby, or the cost is consumed.
- This is a fuel cell system that calculates any of the following.
- the calculation means is configured to determine, based on the temperature of the fuel cell, an amount of primary energy consumed for starting the fuel cell, and an amount of carbon dioxide generated thereby. Or a fuel cell system that calculates either the cost spent on it. As a result, the fuel cell system can predict the primary energy consumed from the start of the fuel cell to the start of power generation, so that it is possible to provide a fuel cell system that makes a more accurate determination of operation. it can.
- the sixth invention and the eighteenth invention further comprise a fuel generation device for generating a fuel containing hydrogen from a raw material
- the calculating means comprises: a primary energy amount consumed for starting the fuel cell; Considering either the amount of carbon dioxide generated or the cost spent on it, the power supply by the fuel cell, or the power supply or the power supply and heat supply when supplying power and heat. It is a fuel cell system that calculates either the primary energy consumed for supply, the amount of carbon dioxide generated by it, or the cost spent on it.
- the calculation means is configured to calculate, based on a temperature of the fuel generation device, a primary energy amount consumed for starting the fuel cell, and a dioxidation generated thereby.
- the fuel cell system according to an eighth or 20th aspect of the present invention further comprises an input unit, wherein the input unit can select a calculation item of the calculation unit from primary energy, carbon dioxide, or cost. It is.
- the user can switch the operation of the fuel cell system according to his / her preference, which can raise the user's interest in energy saving, prevention of global warming, and economic efficiency.
- the ninth and twenty-first inventions further comprise a display means, wherein power is supplied by the fuel cell, or power supply and heat are supplied by using the calculated value of the calculation means;
- the present invention further comprises a heat storage means for collecting and storing the exhaust heat of the fuel cell, and a heat supply means for supplying the heat storage of the heat storage means to the outside.
- the amount of heat recovered by the heat storage means based on the power value data of the above, the primary energy consumed for supplying the amount of heat when the amount of heat is supplied by an external heat supply means, and the carbon dioxide generated thereby
- the power supply and heat supply by the fuel cell and the power supply and heat supply by the power system and external heat supply means by further calculating the amount or the cost spent on it.
- the respective primary energy amounts at and Either the carbon dioxide amount or the cost is calculated, and the calculated values obtained by the calculating means are compared with each other, and the calculated values are smaller when the power supply and the heat supply are performed by the power system and an external heat supply unit. If it is larger, the fuel cell system may determine the start time of the time zone as the scheduled start time. As a result, even in a fuel cell system that supplies heat and power, a fuel cell system that operates the fuel cell when starting and stopping the fuel cell is advantageous in terms of energy saving, prevention of global warming, and economic efficiency. Can be provided.
- An eleventh invention is a fuel cell system, wherein the scheduled start time is updated every predetermined update time. As a result, the appropriateness of the operation is periodically judged, so that it is possible to provide a fuel cell system that makes a more accurate operation judgment.
- a fuel cell system according to a twelfth aspect, further comprising display means, wherein the display means displays the scheduled start time.
- the user can know the start and stop of the fuel cell, which can raise the user's interest in energy saving, prevention of global warming, and economic efficiency.
- a thirteenth invention is a fuel cell system, wherein the display means displays a past operation history. As a result, the user can grasp the start and stop of the fuel cell, which can raise the user's interest in energy saving, prevention of global warming, and economic efficiency.
- a fifteenth invention is directed to a heat storage means for recovering and storing the exhaust heat of the fuel cell, a heat supply means for supplying the heat stored in the heat storage means to the outside, and a heat storage amount detecting the heat storage amount of the heat storage means.
- the fifteenth invention further comprises calculating means for calculating any of primary energy amount consumed for heat supply and power supply, carbon dioxide amount generated thereby, or cost consumed therefor, wherein the calculating means comprises: On the basis of the calorific value data in a predetermined time zone, each of the power supply and heat supply by the fuel cell and the power supply and heat supply by the power system and external heat supply means Calculating the primary energy amount, the carbon dioxide amount or the cost, comparing the values calculated by the calculation means, and supplying power and heat by the power system and external heat supply means. When the calculated value is large, the start time of the time zone is determined as the scheduled start time.
- a second invention is a heat storage means for recovering and storing the exhaust heat of the fuel cell, a heat supply means for supplying the heat storage of the heat storage means to the outside, and a heat storage amount detection for detecting a heat storage amount of the heat storage means.
- a selecting means wherein the selecting means sets the load value to a heat value which is a heat load of a heat supply target of the fuel cell system or a power load of a power supply target of the fuel cell system.
- a fuel cell system wherein the load value data is selected from a certain power value, and the load value data is selected from either power value data or calorific value data.
- the load value accumulating means accumulates the load value while distinguishing between at-home time and absence time
- the selection means determines the scheduled start time of the fuel cell at home.
- Arbitrarily selected from a determination based on the power value data, a determination based on the power value data when the user is away, a determination based on the heat value data when the user is at home, and a determination based on the heat value data when the user is away Can be a fuel cell system.
- the scheduled start time of the fuel cell is arbitrarily set.
- the fuel cell system further includes an operation time setting unit that can perform the operation. Accordingly, the start of the fuel cell can be set in consideration of the user's action schedule, so that the fuel cell system can be operated more accurately.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the first half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- 3 is a flowchart showing the first half of the flowchart.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the first half of the flow of control of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram of a conventional fuel cell system.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment includes a fuel generation device 11 for generating a fuel gas containing hydrogen from a raw material such as natural gas, an oxidant supply unit 12 for supplying an oxidant, and a fuel generation device 11.
- a fuel cell 13 that generates power and heat by an electrochemical reaction between the supplied fuel gas and an oxidant gas such as air supplied from the oxidant supply means 12, and an air conditioner that generates the electric power generated by the fuel cell 13
- Power supply means 15 to supply power load 14 such as a refrigerator or a refrigerator, power value detection means 16 to detect power used in the power load 14, and a control device 2 3 to control the operation of the fuel cell system It consists of:
- the power supply means 15 is composed of an inverter, a switch, and the like.
- the control device 23 stores the detected power value of the power value detecting means 16.
- Means a 1 7 predicts the stored power value history from the power load 1 power value used by 4 W t (t min after the power value W t), the power is constituted by the power value W t
- It has power value prediction means 18 for storing value data, operation control means 19, and display means 42.
- the activation of the fuel cell 13 includes not only the fuel cell 13 itself but also various facilities necessary for the activation of the fuel cell, for example, the fuel generation device 11, the oxidant supply means 12, and the like. .
- control device 23 includes calculation means 20, 21, and 22 for performing calculations based on the power value data and providing the calculation results to the operation control means 19.
- the first calculating means 20 calculates a primary energy amount consumed when the fuel cell 13 generates and supplies a power value in a predetermined time zone of the power value data.
- the second calculating means 21 calculates a primary energy amount consumed when the power system supplies a power value in a predetermined time zone of the power value data.
- the third calculation means 22 calculates a primary energy amount consumed when starting up the fuel cell system such as the fuel cell 13 and the fuel generation device 11.
- the operation control unit 1 9, a timer one (not shown), at predetermined update times, the operation control unit 1 9, the scheduled start-up time T have power scheduled start time of time T 2 and scheduled stop time ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Operate to update 3 .
- the appropriateness of the operation is periodically determined, so that more accurate operation of the fuel cell system can be realized.
- the display means 42 displays the scheduled start time ⁇ the scheduled power generation start time ⁇ 2 and the scheduled stop time ⁇ 3 set in the operation control means 19. Further, the display means 42 displays the power generation history ⁇ ⁇ 2 and the scheduled stop time ⁇ 3 in the history of the power values stored in the power value storage means 17. That is, the history of the electric power value by the power generation of the fuel electric system is displayed. Further, the display means 42 calculates the difference between the values to be compared in S14C until the steps S14A and S14B, which will be described later, and the operation control means 19 calculates the difference. Display the result. This can raise users' interest in energy resources, environmental impact or economics.
- the inside of the control device 23 is composed of, for example, a microcomputer.
- the means 17 to 22 of the control device 23 are realized by the CPU executing a predetermined program (hereinafter referred to as a time determination program) stored in the internal memory of the microcomputer. Then, in the execution of the time determination program, necessary data is stored, for example, in the internal memory of the microcomputer.
- a predetermined program hereinafter referred to as a time determination program
- 2 and 3 are flow charts showing the control flow of the fuel cell system, that is, the contents of the time determination program.
- step S1 the power value detecting means 16 continuously detects the power value, and the power value storing means 17 accumulates and stores the detected power value.
- the power value detection means 16 detects the power value at one-second intervals.
- step S2 the power value prediction means 18 will be used by the power load 14 in the next 24 hours in the future based on the history of the power values stored in the power value storage means 17 1 to predict in minutes power value W t, and stores as Isseki power value de.
- the operation control means 19 determines a predetermined value, here a power value higher than the minimum power generation amount W min of the fuel cell 13, Select a time zone that has a large distribution.
- step S3 the operation control means 19 substitutes the current time T0 for the time T.
- step S 7- 1 the operation control means 1 9, it is assumed that the power generation start scheduled time T 2, addition start required time T s to (eg if 6 0 min) at time T.
- step S 7- 2 the operation control means 1 9 substitutes the power generation start scheduled time tau 2 to T.
- step S 7 _ 3 the operation control means 19 sets the predetermined time X! (E.g., 30 minutes) Yi% or more (e.g., 80%, 24 or more) of the power value W t ( 30 from W T to W ⁇ + 30 ) until the minimum power generation of the fuel cell system It is determined whether the quantity is not less than W min . If Yes, go to step S8. If No, in step S7-4, the time immediately before the start (the time required for activation T s -1 minute) is set to T, and the process returns to step S4.
- X! E.g., 30 minutes
- Yi% or more e.g., 80%, 24 or more
- step S 8 the operation control means 1 9, power values from T until after a predetermined time X 2 (For example 6 0 min) W t (W T ⁇ W ⁇ + 6 0 or up 6Omikuron) of Upsilon 2% It is determined whether the above (for example, 80%, 48 or more) is less than the minimum power generation amount W min of the fuel cell system. In Y es If step S 9, assume T and scheduled stop time T 3. If No, in step S10, the time one minute after T is set to T, and the process returns to step S8.
- X 2 For example 6 0 min
- W t W T ⁇ W ⁇ + 6 0 or up 6Omikuron
- step S 1 1 A the first calculation means 2 0, when the fuel cell 1 3 supplies to power generation, stop the power generation start scheduled time T 2 of the power value data
- the amount of raw material gas Q GFCEt required to generate the power value w t every minute until the scheduled stop time T 3 is reduced by the fuel cell system including the fuel cell 13, the fuel generator 11, etc.
- Efficiency E WE is calculated by equation (1).
- step S12A the third calculating means 22 calculates the primary energy consumed when starting the fuel cell system, and sets the fuel cell startup primary energy AFCS . Then, the operation control means 19 calculates the fuel cell power generation primary energy amount A FCE output from the first calculation means 20 and the fuel cell activation primary energy amount A pes output from the third calculation means 22. The total is defined as the first fuel cell primary energy amount A FC1 .
- step S13A the second calculation means 21 calculates the power generation start time T2 to the power stoppage time T2 based on the primary energy amount AEB per unit power of the power system.
- the primary energy amount A Et consumed when the power system supplies the power value W t per minute up to 3 is calculated by the formula ( 3A ), and the value obtained by integrating A Et from T 2 to T 3 Is the power system primary energy AE.
- step S14A the operation control means 19 compares the first fuel cell primary energy amount A Fci with the power system primary energy amount AE. If the first fuel cell primary energy amount A FC I the power system primary energy amount AE below, the process proceeds to step S 1 5 A, determines the scheduled start-up time T power generation start pre Teijikoku T 2 and scheduled stop time T 3 , Step S17 A smell Then, the operation control means 19 starts the fuel cell system at the scheduled start time Ti.
- step S 16 A the operation control means 19 determines the scheduled start time T 1, the scheduled power generation start time T The assumption of 2 and the scheduled stop time T 3 is canceled, that is, the start of the fuel cell at the scheduled start time T 1 is prohibited, and the operation control means 19 substitutes the scheduled stop time T 3 for the time T in step S 18 A. Then, the process returns to step S4 from II in FIG. 2 following II in FIG. 3, and repeats the subsequent steps.
- the operation of the fuel cell system is compared by comparing the amount of primary energy consumed by the fuel cell system, including the amount of primary energy consumed when starting the fuel cell, with the amount of primary energy consumed by the power system. And a determination of suspension can be made. As a result, even in an operating state in which the fuel cell system repeatedly starts and stops, it is possible to operate the fuel cell system while suppressing unnecessary energy consumption.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Embodiment 2 the scheduled start-up time T i and the comparison in the development of the operation control means 1 9 carbon dioxide in the fuel cell system in the first embodiment (hereinafter referred to as C ⁇ 2), the power generation start pre Teijikoku It is configured to determine T 2 and scheduled stop time T 3. That is, the first calculating means 20 calculates the amount of CO 2 generated when the fuel cell 13 generates and supplies a power value in a predetermined time zone of the power value data.
- Second calculating means 2 1 calculates the C 0 2 amount generated power value for a predetermined time period of the power value data when the power system to supply.
- the third calculation means 22 calculates the amount of CO 2 generated when the fuel cell system such as the fuel cell 13 and the fuel generation device 11 is started.
- the flow chart showing the first half of the control flow of the battery system has the same configuration as in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- step S 1 1 B the first calculation means 2 0, when the fuel cell 1 3 supplies to the power generation, the scheduled stop time from power generation start scheduled time T 2 of the power value data
- the amount of source gas Q GFCEt required to generate the power value W t every minute until T 3 is calculated by the equation (1) based on the power generation efficiency E WE of the fuel cell system.
- Step S 1 2 B the third calculation means 2 2 calculates the C_ ⁇ 2 amount generated when starting up the fuel cell system, the fuel cell start C_ ⁇ 2 generation amount B FCS. Then, the operation control means 19 calculates the fuel cell power generation CO 2 generation amount B FOE output from the first calculation means 20 and the fuel cell activation CO 2 generation amount B FCS output from the third calculation means 22. And the total is set as the first fuel cell CO 2 emission amount B FC1 .
- Step S 1 3 B the second is calculation means 2 1, based on the CO 2 generation amount B EB per unit electric power of the power system, the expected stop the power generation start pre Teijikoku T 2 of the power value data time T 3 the C_ ⁇ 2 amount B Et the power system power value W t per minute occur when supplying the until calculated by (3 B) formula, the value of the B Et by integrating from T 2 to T 3 Is the power system CO 2 emission BE.
- Step S 1 4 B the operation control unit 1 9 compares the first fuel cell C 0 2 generation amount B FC1 and power system CO 2 generation amount BE. If the first fuel cell C_ ⁇ 2 generation amount B FC1 the power system C_ ⁇ 2 emissions BE below, Sutetsu Proceeds to flop S 1 5 B, determines the scheduled start-up time T power scheduled start time T 2 and scheduled stop time T 3, the fuel cell system in step S 1 7 beta, the operation control unit 1 9 to the scheduled start-up time T 1 Start On the other hand, if the first fuel cell C ⁇ 2 generation amount B FC 1 is larger than the power system C ⁇ 2 generation amount BE, the process proceeds to step S 16 B, and the operation control means 19 sets the scheduled start time T generation.
- the amount of CO 2 generated in the fuel cell system including the amount of co 2 generated when the fuel cell is started, is compared with the amount of C ⁇ ⁇ 2 generated in the power system, and the operation and Judgment of suspension can be made.
- the fuel cell system repeatedly starts and stops, it suppresses the generation of CO 2 , thereby contributing to the prevention of global warming. Can be operated.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the operation control means 1 9 of a fuel cell system in the first embodiment determines the scheduled start-up time T have power generation start scheduled time T. 2 and scheduled stop time T 3 to the compare in cost It is configured as follows. That is, the first calculating means 20 calculates the cost required when the fuel cell 13 generates and supplies the power value in a predetermined time zone of the power value data. The second calculating means 21 calculates a cost when the power system supplies a power value in a predetermined time zone of the power value data. The third calculating means 22 calculates the cost required to start up the fuel cell system such as the fuel cell 13 and the fuel generator 11. Therefore, the configuration of the fuel cell system and the flow chart showing the first half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment are the same as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the first embodiment. Omitted.
- step SI 1 C when the fuel cell 13 generates and supplies power, the first calculating means 20 calculates the scheduled start time T 2 of the power value data to the scheduled stop time T
- the amount of source gas Q GFCEt required to generate the power value W t per minute up to 3 is calculated by the equation (1) based on the power generation efficiency E WE of the fuel cell system.
- the cost C FCEt based on the commodity charge C GFCB of the source gas, the cost C FCEt according to the case where the period from the generator scheduled start time T 2, until scheduled stop time T 3 is fuel cell system to power generation
- the fuel cell power generation cost c FCE is calculated by the formula (2C), and the value obtained by integrating C FCEt from T 2 to T 3 is used.
- step S12C the third calculating means 22 calculates a cost required for starting the fuel cell system, and sets the calculated cost as a fuel cell starting cost CFCS . Then, the operation control unit 1 9, sums the outputted with the fuel cell power generation cost C FCE and fuel cell activation cost C F CS output from the third calculation means 2 2 from the first calculation means 2 0 The first fuel cell cost is C FC 1 .
- Step S 1 3 C the second is calculation means 2 1, based on the commodity charge C EB of the power system, between the power generation start scheduled time T 2 of the power values de Isseki to stop pre Teijikoku T 3
- the cost C Et required when the power system supplies the power value W t per minute is calculated by the formula ( 3C ), and the value obtained by integrating C Et from T 2 to T 3 is defined as the power system cost C ⁇ . I do.
- Step S 1 4 C the operation control unit 1 9, compares the first fuel cell cost C FC 1 and power system cost CE. If the first fuel cell cost C Fci is equal to or less than the power system cost CE, proceed to step S15C, and Dynamic scheduled time T 1, the power generation scheduled start time T to determine the 2 and scheduled stop time T 3, at step S 1 7 C, the operation control unit 1 9 activates the fuel cell system to the scheduled start-up time T 1. On the other hand, if the first fuel cell cost C FC 1 is larger than the power system cost C E , the process proceeds to step S 16 C, where the operation control means 19 determines the scheduled start time T the scheduled power generation start time T 2 and the shutdown. assuming cancellation of scheduled time T 3, i.e.
- step S 1 8 C the operation control means 1 9 substitutes the operation scheduled stop time T 3 to time T, From II in FIG. 2 following II in FIG. 3, return to step S4 and repeat the subsequent steps.
- the operation and stop of the fuel cell system can be determined by comparing the cost of the fuel cell system in consideration of the cost when the fuel cell is started and the cost of the power system. This makes it possible to economically operate the fuel cell system even in an operating state in which the fuel cell system repeatedly starts and stops.
- control device 23 includes input means (not shown) such as a switching switch, a keyboard, and a mouse; first to third calculation means of each of the first to third embodiments; and operation control means. 19 and display means 42, and the input means may be used to select any of the first to third embodiments.
- input means such as a switching switch, a keyboard, and a mouse
- first to third calculation means of each of the first to third embodiments and operation control means. 19 and display means 42, and the input means may be used to select any of the first to third embodiments.
- the operation of the fuel cell system can be switched according to the user's preference.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the fuel cell system includes, in addition to the configuration of the fuel cell system shown in FIG. 1, a cooling water path 24 for circulating cooling water for maintaining the fuel cell 13 at a predetermined temperature, and a cooling water path 2. 4, a cooling water pump 25 for flowing cooling water, a heat storage means 27, and hot water for storing heat recovered from the fuel cell 13 by the cooling water.
- a heat exchanger 26 that transfers heat to the water, a hot water path 28 that recovers heat from the fuel cell 13 using the hot water and accumulates it as heat water in the heat storage means 27, and a hot water path that passes through the hot water path 28 It further includes a hot water pump 29 for flowing, and heat supply means 31 for supplying heat load 30 such as hot water supply and heating from the heat storage means 27.
- the control device 23 further includes a fourth calculating unit 36 that performs an operation based on the power value data and provides the operation result to the operation control unit 19.
- the fourth calculation means 36 is configured to calculate the amount of heat corresponding to the amount of heat recovered in the fuel cell system in accordance with the power value of the power value data in a predetermined time zone, and to calculate the primary amount consumed when the heat supply system 35 supplies the heat amount. Calculate the amount of energy.
- the heat supply system 35 is constituted by an external heat supply means such as a steam line or a gas water heater.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system.
- the operation of the fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the operation before step 11A, but is a flow chart showing the flow of control of the fuel cell system up to step S10, that is, FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the description is omitted.
- step S 1 0 in FIG. 2 after the scheduled start-up time T have power scheduled start of the fuel cell time T 2 and the scheduled stop time T 3 is assumed, the I and subsequent steps in FIG. 7 subsequent to I in FIG. 2
- the planned start time T i, the planned power generation start time T 2, and the planned stop time T 3 are determined in consideration of the amount of primary energy consumed.
- Steps S111A to S113A are the same as those in the first embodiment, that is, steps S111A to S13A in FIG. 3, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- step S 1 1 4 A the fourth calculating means 3-6, the fuel cell system power value W t per minute between the power generation start scheduled time T 2 of the power value data until scheduled stop time T 3 When power is generated and supplied, Recovered the quantity of heat recovered H FCt, based on the heat recovery efficiency E WH (4) is calculated Ri by the formula.
- the fourth calculating means 36 calculates the heat supply system heat amount Q GHt required when the heat supply system 35 supplies the recovered heat amount HFCt based on the heat supply system heat efficiency EH. It is calculated by equation (5).
- the heat supply system calorific value Q GHt is calculated as the city gas amount when supplied with city gas, and as the steam amount when supplied with steam. Then, based on the primary energy amount A GHB per unit heat of the heat supply system 35, the H FCt calculated by the primary energy amount A Ht heat supply system 35 is spent when supplying (6 A) formula
- the value obtained by integrating A Ht from T 2 to T 3 is defined as the primary energy amount AH of the heat supply system.
- step S 1 1 6 A the operation control means 1 9 compares the sum of the power system primary E energy amount AE and the heat supply system primary energy amount AH, the first and the fuel cell primary energy amount A FC 1 .
- a FC 1 is AE + AH following a mule, the process proceeds to step S 1 1 7 A, to determine the time of time T 2 and scheduled stop time T 3 generation scheduled start had scheduled start-up time T, in step S 1 1 9 A
- the operation control means 19 starts the fuel cell system at the scheduled start time T1.
- Step S 1 2 0 A the operation control means 1 9 scheduled start-up time T i, the assumption of power generation start scheduled time T 2, and the scheduled stop time T 3 Cancel That is, the start of the fuel cell at the scheduled start time T1 is prohibited, and in step S120A, the operation control means 19 substitutes the scheduled stop time T3 for the time T, and continues from II in FIG. Return to step S4 from II in Fig. 2, and repeat the subsequent steps.
- the primary energy amount of the heat supply system reduced by supplying the recovered heat can be reflected, and the fuel cell system is operated while suppressing wasteful energy consumption. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the operation control means 19 of the fuel cell system in the fourth embodiment compares the amount of generated CO 2 with the scheduled start time T, the scheduled power generation start time T 2, and the scheduled stop time T 3. Is determined. That is, the first calculating means 20 calculates the amount of CO 2 generated when the fuel cell 13 generates and supplies the power value in the predetermined time zone of the power value data.
- the second calculating means 21 calculates the amount of CO 2 generated when the power system supplies a power value in a predetermined time zone of the power value data.
- Third calculation means 2 2 calculates the C_ ⁇ 2 amount generated when starting the fuel cell 1 3, a fuel cell system including a fuel generator 1 1.
- the fourth calculating means 36 generates a heat amount corresponding to the heat amount recovered in the fuel cell system according to the power value of the power value data in a predetermined time zone, when the heat supply system 35 supplies the heat amount. ⁇ Calculate 2 quantities.
- the configuration of the fuel cell system in the fifth embodiment and the flowchart showing the first half of the control flow of the fuel cell system are the same as those in FIG. 6 of the fourth embodiment and FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. Description is omitted. Hereinafter, the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system will be described.
- step S 1 0 in FIG. 2 after the scheduled start-up time T have power scheduled start of the fuel cell time T 2 and the scheduled stop time T 3 is assumed, the I and subsequent steps in FIG. 8 subsequent to I in FIG. 2 proceed, the scheduled start-up in consideration of the generated C_ ⁇ 2 the amount of time T! , Power generation start scheduled time T 2, and the scheduled stop time T 3 is determined.
- Steps S 1 1 1B to S 1 13 B are described in the second embodiment, ie, Steps S 1 IB to S 13 B in FIG. Step S114B is the same as that in the fourth embodiment, that is, step S114A in FIG. 7, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- step S115B the fourth calculating means 36 calculates the heat supply system heat amount Qc required when the heat supply system 35 supplies the recovered heat amount HFCt based on the heat supply system thermal efficiency EH. It is calculated by equation (5). Based on C_ ⁇ 2 generation amount B GHB per unit amount of heat heat supply system 35, the amount of CO 2 8 Ht occur if the H FCt heat supply system 35 to supply (6 B) formula calculated by, a value obtained by integrating the B Ht from T 2 to T 3 and the heat supply system C_ ⁇ 2 emissions BH.
- step S 1 1 6 B the operation control means 1 9, the sum of the power system C_ ⁇ 2 generation amount BE and heat supply system C 0 2 emissions BH, and a first fuel cell CO 2 generation amount B FC1 Compare. If B FC1 is equal to or less than BE + BH, proceed to step S 1 17 B, and the operation control means 19 determines the scheduled start time T, the scheduled power generation start time T 2 and the scheduled stop time T 3, and In S119B, the operation control means 19 starts the fuel cell system at the scheduled start time T1.
- Step S 1 2 0 B the operation control means 1 9, cancels the assumption of scheduled start-up time T power scheduled start time T 2, and the scheduled stop time T 3, i.e. prohibits the startup of the fuel cell at the scheduled start-up time TI, at step S 1 2 0 B, substituting operation scheduled stop time T 3 the operation control means 1 9 at time T, II of Figure 2 subsequent to II in FIG. 8 Then, the process returns to step S4, and the subsequent steps are repeated.
- the recovered heat is supplied together with the effect described in the second embodiment.
- the amount of CO 2 generated in the heat supply system Will enable fuel cell systems to operate in ways that contribute to the prevention of global warming.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- the operation control means 19 of the fuel cell system in the fourth embodiment determines the scheduled start time T i, the scheduled power generation start time T 2, and the scheduled stop time T 3 by comparing the costs. It is configured as follows. That is, the first calculating means 20 calculates the cost required when the fuel cell 13 generates and supplies the power value in the predetermined time zone of the power value data. The second calculating means 21 calculates a cost when the power system supplies a power value in a predetermined time zone of the power value data. The third calculating means 22 calculates the cost when starting up the fuel cell system such as the fuel cell 13 and the fuel generator 11. The fourth calculating means 36 calculates the cost required when the heat supply system 35 supplies heat corresponding to the heat recovered in the fuel cell system in accordance with the power value of the power value data in a predetermined time zone. Is calculated.
- step S 1 0 in FIG. 2 after the scheduled start-up time T have power scheduled start of the fuel cell time T 2 and the scheduled stop time T 3 is assumed, the I and subsequent steps in FIG 9 subsequent to I in FIG. 2 advances, the scheduled start-up in view of the cost time T power scheduled start time T 2, and the scheduled stop time T 3 spent is determined.
- Steps S111C to S113C are the same as those in the third embodiment, that is, steps S111C to S13C in FIG. 5, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- Step S114C is performed according to the fourth embodiment, that is, step S1 of FIG. Same as 1 1 4 A, and description is omitted.
- step S115C the fourth calculating means 36 calculates the heat supply system heat quantity Q GHt required when the heat supply system 35 supplies the recovered heat amount HFCt based on the heat supply system heat efficiency EH. It is calculated by equation (5). Then, based on the charge rate C GHB of the heat supply system, the cost C Ht required when the heat supply system 35 supplies H FCt is calculated by the equation ( 6C ), and C Ht is calculated from T 2. ⁇ The value integrated up to 3 is the heat supply system cost C C.
- step S 1 1 6 C the operation control means 1 9 compares the sum of the power system cost CE and the heat supply system cost CH, a first fuel cell cost c FC 1. If C Fc i is CE + CH hereinafter proceed to step S 1 1 7 C, to determine the scheduled start-up time T have power scheduled start time T 2, and the scheduled stop time T 3, at step S 1 1 9 C, The operation control means 19 starts the fuel cell system at the scheduled start time T1.
- Step S 1 2 0 C the operation control means 1 9, the assumption of start scheduled time T have power scheduled start time T 2, and the scheduled stop time T 3 Cancellation, that is, prohibition of starting the fuel cell at the scheduled start time T 1, and in step S 120 C, the operation control means 19 substitutes the scheduled stop time T 3 for the time T, and substitutes II in FIG. 9 for II.
- the process returns to step S4 from II in Fig. 2 and repeats the subsequent steps.
- the recovered heat is supplied together with the effect described in the third embodiment. Therefore, the cost of the heat supply system, which is reduced by implementing the method, can be reflected, and the fuel cell system can be operated economically.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- the same components as in Embodiment 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals. And its explanation is omitted.
- the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment is provided with a calorific value detecting means 32 for detecting the amount of heat used in the heat load 30 instead of the electric power value detecting means 16 of the fuel cell system in FIG. Further, heat storage amount detection means 39 for detecting the amount of heat stored in the heat storage means 27 is further provided.
- the control device 23 includes, instead of the power value storage means 17 and the power value prediction means 18, a heat value storage means 33 for storing the detected value of the heat value detection means 32, and a stored heat value predicting the amount of heat values from the history are used in heat load 3 0 H t (t heat value after partial H t), heat value predicting means 3 for storing the heat value de Isseki constituted by the heat value H t 4 and have. Further, there are provided first to fifth calculation means 20, 21, 22, 36, 40 which perform calculations based on the calorific value data and provide the calculation results to the operation control means 19. .
- the first calculating means 20 calculates the primary energy consumed when the fuel cell 13 supplies the calorific value in a predetermined time zone of the calorific value data to the heat storage means 27.
- the second calculating means 21 calculates the amount of electric power to be supplied to the electric load 14 when the fuel cell 13 supplies the calorific value of the calorific value data in a predetermined time zone, and the electric energy is calculated as the electric power. Calculate the amount of primary energy consumed when the grid supplies.
- the third calculating means 22 calculates a primary energy amount consumed when starting up the fuel cell system such as the fuel cell 13 and the fuel generator 11.
- the fourth calculation means 36 calculates a primary energy amount consumed when the heat supply system 35 supplies a heat amount value in a predetermined time zone of the heat amount value data.
- the fifth calculation means 40 calculates the predicted value of the heat storage balance of the heat storage means 27 based on the heat storage amount of the heat storage means 27 obtained based on the detection value of the heat storage calculate.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 are flowcharts showing the flow of control of the fuel cell system.
- the calorific value detecting means 32 continuously detects the calorific value
- the calorific value accumulation means 33 accumulates and stores the detected calorific value.
- the calorific value detection means 32 detects the calorific value at one-second intervals.
- step S204 the calorie value predicting means 34 is used by the heat load 30 by 24 hours from now on, based on the calorie value history stored in the calorie value accumulating means 33. predicting a heat value H t of 1 minute units will allo, stored as heat value data.
- the operation control means 19 assumes a time at which the heat storage amount of the heat storage means 27 decreases as the scheduled start time T.
- step S205 the operation control means 19 substitutes the current time TQ for the time T.
- step S206 the fifth calculating means calculates the heat storage amount GST0 at the current time T0 based on the detection value of the heat storage amount detecting means 39 . Then, the heat storage amount G STO is substituted for the heat storage amount G st at the time T.
- step S 2 1 the operation control means 1 9, it is assumed that power generation start scheduled time T 2, addition start required time T s (for example, for 60 minutes) at time T. Then, based on the amount of heat value data stored in the heat value predicting means 3 4, time at which the heat storage amount of the heat storage unit 2 7 becomes sufficiently rich is assumed scheduled stop time T 3.
- step S 2 1 calculating means 4 0
- the fifth startup heat by integrating a heat value H t of heat value data between the scheduled start-up time T 1 until the power generation start scheduled time T 2, Calculate the value H T 1 and calculate ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ 1 from G st Is substituted for G st .
- step S 2 1 calculation means 4 0 5 at time T, by adding the heat recovery amount H Rt from the fuel cell to the heat storage amount G st, the amount of heat H t of the heat quantity value data at time T Subtract the heat storage amount G st .
- step S 2 1 3 the operation control means 1 9, at time T is ⁇ heat G st to determine whether the maximum heat storage amount G Smax or more heat storage means 2 7. Y es If in Step S 2 1 4, the operation control means 1 9 are assumed to stop scheduled time T 3 down the T. If No, in step S215, the time one minute after the current time is set to T, and the process returns to step S212.
- step S 2 1 6 A the first calculation means 2 0, when the fuel cell 1 3 supplies to power generation, between the power generation start scheduled time T 2 of the heat value data until scheduled stop time T 3 the raw material gas amount Q GFCHt necessary for power generation of the heat value H t per minute, the fuel cell 1 3, based on the heat recovery efficiency E WH of a fuel cell system including such a fuel generator 1 1 (7) It is calculated by: Then, based on the primary energy amount A GFCB per unit feed gas, between the power generation scheduled start time T 2, until scheduled stop time T 3 the fuel cell system is spent when to power and heat supply power Primary energy
- the A F CHT calculated by (8 A) expression a value obtained by integrating A FCHt from T 2 to T 3 and the fuel cell power generation primary energy amount A FCH.
- step S217A the third calculating means 22 calculates the primary energy amount consumed when starting the fuel cell system, and sets it as the fuel cell starting primary energy amount A FCS . Then, the operation control means 19 The fuel cell power generation primary energy amount A FCH output from the second calculation cell 22 and the fuel cell activation primary energy amount A FCS output from the third calculation means 22 are added to calculate the second fuel cell primary energy amount. A FC2 .
- step S 2 1 8 A the fourth calculating means, the heat supply system heat Q GHt required when the amount of heat value H t is heat supply system 35 supplies, based on the heat supply system Mitsurunetsu efficiency E H Then, it is calculated by equation (9). Then, per unit amount of heat of the heat supply system based on the primary energy amount A GHB, the H t calculated by the primary energy amount A Ht heat supply system 35 is spent when supplying (1 0 A) formula, The value obtained by integrating A Ht from T 2 to T 3 is defined as the primary energy amount A ⁇ of the heat supply system.
- step S 2 1 9 A the second calculation means 2 0, the amount of heat value H t per minute from power scheduled start time T 2 of the heat value data until scheduled stop time T 3 the fuel cell system to generate power
- the power value W FCt to be generated is calculated by the formula (11) based on the power generation efficiency E WE, and the primary energy A Et when the power system supplies W FCt is calculated as (1 2 A) is calculated from the equation, and A Et is integrated from T 2 to T 3 to obtain the power system primary energy AE.
- step S220A the operation control means 19 compares the sum of the power system primary energy AE and the heat supply system primary energy AH with the second fuel cell primary energy AFC2 . If A FC2 is equal to or less than A E + AH, the process proceeds to step S 2 21 A, and the operation control means 19 determines the scheduled start time T 2 and the scheduled stop time T 3 , and the step S 2 2 In 3), the operation control means 19 starts the fuel cell system at the scheduled start time Ti. On the other hand, if A FC2 is larger than A E + AH, The operation control means 19 cancels the assumption of the scheduled start time T, the scheduled power generation start time T 2 and the scheduled stop time T 3 , that is, the start of the fuel cell at the scheduled start time T 1. prohibited, and the step Te S 2 2 4 smell substitutes operation scheduled stop time T 3 the operation control means 1 9 at time T, the process returns to step S 2 0 7 from VI of Figure 1 1 subsequent to VI of FIG 2 Repeat the following steps.
- the configuration and operation of the fuel cell system of the present embodiment can also reflect the reduced amount of primary energy in the power system during the heat follow-up operation of the fuel cell system that provides cogeneration, thereby suppressing wasteful energy consumption. As a result, the fuel cell system can be operated.
- the fuel cell system is configured to have both the configuration of the seventh embodiment and the configuration of the fourth embodiment, and the controller 23 selects the seventh embodiment or the fourth embodiment.
- a selection switch (not shown) can be provided. With this configuration, the heat load following operation or the power load following operation can be selected according to the use state of the fuel cell system.
- the power value prediction means 18 and the heat value prediction means 34 can construct the power value data and the heat value value data.
- the control device 23 is provided with selection means, and the user selects between home and absence, so that the power value storage means 17 and the calorie value storage means 33 can be at home or absence.
- the power value and the calorific value are stored separately. This makes it possible to more accurately predict the power value and the calorific value.
- an operation time input means (not shown) may be provided in the control device 23 so that the user can arbitrarily set the scheduled start time T, the scheduled power generation start time T 2 and the scheduled stop time T 3. good. As a result, user behavior The fuel cell system can be operated more accurately in consideration of the schedule.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- the operation control means 1 9 scheduled start-up time T have power generation start scheduled time T 2 and stop scheduled by the Oite compared to the amount of generated C_ ⁇ 2 of a fuel cell system in the form status seventh embodiment It is configured to determine a time T 3. That is, the first calculation hand stage 2 0, the amount of heat value of the predetermined time period of heat value data fuel cell 1 3 calculates the C_ ⁇ 2 amount generated when supplying to the heat storage unit 2 7.
- the second calculation means 21 calculates the amount of power to be supplied to the power load 14 when the fuel cell 13 supplies the calorific value during a predetermined time period of the calorific value data, and then calculates the amount of power.
- force system calculates the C_ ⁇ 2 amount generated when supplying.
- Third calculation means 2 2 calculates the C_ ⁇ 2 amount generated when starting the fuel cell 1 3, a fuel cell system including a fuel generator 1 1.
- Fourth calculation means 3 6, the heat value of the predetermined time period of heat value data, the heat supply system 35 to calculate the C 0 2 weight that occur when supplying.
- the configuration of the fuel cell system and the flow chart showing the first half of the control flow of the fuel cell system in the eighth embodiment are the same as those in FIGS. 10 and 11 of the seventh embodiment. Is omitted.
- step S 2 16 B when the fuel cell 13 generates and supplies power, the first calculating means 20 stops from the scheduled start time T 2 of the calorific value data.
- the source gas quantity Q GFCHt required to generate the heat value H t per minute until the scheduled time T 3 is calculated by the equation (7) based on the heat recovery efficiency E WH of the fuel cell system. Then, based on the unit raw material gas per Rino C_ ⁇ 2 generation amount B GFCB, between the power generation start scheduled time T 2, to stop pre Teijikoku T 3 and the power generation fuel cell system power supply and heat supply Calculate the amount of CO 2 generated in the case of
- step S2177B the third calculating means 22 calculates the amount of CO 2 generated when the fuel cell system is started, and sets the calculated amount of CO 2 generated as the fuel cell startup CO F BCS . Then, the operation control means 19 generates the fuel cell power generation C ⁇ 2 output amount B pen output from the first calculation means 20 and the fuel cell activation CO 2 generation output from the third calculation means 22. The amount B res is added to the second fuel cell CO 2 generation amount B FC2 .
- step S 2 1 8 B the fourth calculating means, the heat supply system heat Q GHt required when the amount of heat value H t is heat supply system 35 supplies, based on the heat supply system Mitsurunetsu efficiency E H Then, it is calculated by equation (9). Based on C_ ⁇ 2 generation amount B GHB per unit heat of the heat supply system 35, the H t heat supply system integration 35 occur when supplying C_ ⁇ 2 weight 8 Ht a (1 0 B ) Formula, and the value obtained by integrating B Ht from T 2 to T 3 is defined as 8 H of CO 2 generated in the heat supply system.
- step S 2 1 9 B the second calculating means, and the amount of heat value H t per minute from power generation scheduled start time T 2 of the heat value data until scheduled stop time T 3 the fuel cell system to generate power
- the power value W pet to be generated is calculated from the power generation efficiency E WE by the formula (11), and the C ⁇ ⁇ 2 generation amount B Et when W FCt is supplied by the power system is ( It is calculated from the formula 1 2 B), and B Et is integrated from T 2 to T 3 to obtain the power system CO 2 emission BE.
- step S 2 2 0 B the operation control means 1 9 compares the sum of the power system C_ ⁇ 2 generation amount BE and heat supply system C 0 2 emissions BH, and a fuel cell system CO 2 generation amount B FC2 . If B FC2 is less than B E + BH, Proceeding to step S 2 2 1 B, the operation control means 19 determines the scheduled start time T, the scheduled power generation start time T 2 and the scheduled stop time T 3 , and in step S 2 2 3 ⁇ , the operation control means 1 9 starts the fuel cell system at the scheduled start time ⁇ 1.
- step S 2 2 2 beta the operation control means 1 9, cancels the scheduled start-up time power generation start scheduled time T 2 and scheduled stop time T 3 assumptions, That is, the start of the fuel cell at the scheduled start time ⁇ ⁇ is prohibited, and in step S 2 24 B, the operation control means 19 substitutes the scheduled stop time T 3 into the time T, and continues to VI in FIG. 13 Return to step S207 from the VI in Fig. 11, and repeat the subsequent steps.
- the configuration and operation of the fuel cell system of the present embodiment at the time of heat-following operation of the fuel cell system for the cogeneration, also can reflect C_ ⁇ 2 generation amount of the power system to be reduced, thus global warming It is possible to operate the fuel cell system in a manner that contributes to the prevention of energy conversion.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the control flow of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- the operation control means 1 9 of a fuel cell system in the form status seventh embodiment determines the scheduled start-up time T i, the power generation start scheduled time T 2, and the scheduled stop time T 3 to the compare in cost It is configured as follows. That is, the first calculating means 20 calculates the cost required when the fuel cell 13 supplies the heat value in the predetermined time zone of the heat value data to the heat storage means 27.
- the second calculating means 21 calculates the amount of power supplied by the fuel cell 13 to the power load 14 when the fuel cell 13 supplies the calorific value of the calorific value data in a predetermined time zone, Calculate the cost when the electric power is supplied by the power system.
- the third calculating means 22 calculates the cost required for starting the fuel cell system such as the fuel cell 13 and the fuel generating device 11.
- the fourth calculating means 36 calculates the cost value when the heat supply system 35 supplies the calorific value of the calorific value data in a predetermined time zone.
- the configuration of the fuel cell system and the flow chart showing the first half of the control flow of the fuel cell system in the ninth embodiment are the same as those in FIGS. 10 and 11 of the seventh embodiment. Is omitted.
- step S 2 16 C the first calculating means 20 stops at the scheduled start time T 2 of the calorific value data when the fuel cell 13 generates and supplies the power.
- the source gas quantity Q GFCHt required to generate the heat value H t per minute until the scheduled time T 3 is calculated by the equation (7) based on the heat recovery efficiency E WH of the fuel cell system.
- step S217C the third calculating means 22 calculates the cost required to start the fuel cell system, and sets the calculated cost as the fuel cell starting cost CFCS. Then, the operation control means 19 adds up the fuel cell power generation cost C FCH output from the first calculation means 20 and the fuel cell activation cost C FCS output from the third calculation means 22 . And the second fuel cell cost C FC2 .
- step S 2 1 8 C the fourth calculating means, the heat supply system heat Q GHt required when the amount of heat value H t is heat supply system 35 supplies, based on the heat supply system Mitsurunetsu efficiency EH It is calculated by equation (9). Then, based on the metered rate C GHB of the heat supply system, the cost C Ht required to supply H t by the heat supply system 35 is calculated by equation (10 C), and C Ht is calculated from T 2 to T 3 The value integrated up to this point is defined as heat supply system cost C C.
- step S 2 1 9 C the second calculating means, and the amount of heat value H t per minute from power generation scheduled start time T 2 of the heat value data until scheduled stop time T 3 the fuel cell system to generate power
- the power value W pet to be generated is calculated by the formula (11) based on the power generation efficiency E WE, and the cost C Et when the power system supplies W FCt is calculated as (12 C ) was calculated from the equation, the power system cost C E by integrating the C Et from T 2 to T 3.
- step S220C the operation control means 19 determines the power system cost.
- step S223C the operation control means 19 starts the fuel cell system at the scheduled start time ⁇ 1.
- C FC2 is larger than C ⁇ + C ⁇ ⁇
- the process proceeds to step S2 2 2 C, and the operation control means 19 assumes the start time ⁇ the power generation start time ⁇ 2 and the stop time ⁇ 3 Cancel, ie scheduled start time ⁇ !
- step S2224C the operation control means 19 substitutes the scheduled operation stop time ⁇ 3 into the time ⁇ , and the step from the VI in FIG. 11 following the VI in FIG. Return to S207 and repeat the subsequent steps.
- the cost of the power system to be reduced can be reflected during the heat following operation of the fuel cell system that performs cogeneration, and the fuel cell system can be made more economical. It will be possible to drive.
- FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- the same components as those in the fourth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment is the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- a temperature detecting means for directly or indirectly detecting the temperature of a portion that limits the start of the fuel cell is provided at the time of starting the fuel cell.
- a fuel generation device temperature detecting means 41 of the fuel generation device 11 is provided.
- the same effect can be obtained by providing the fuel cell 13 with a fuel cell temperature detecting means.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the first half of the control flow of the fuel cell system.
- steps S301 to S308 are the same as those in the first embodiment, that is, steps S1 to S6 in FIG. 2, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the third calculating means 22 determines the startup mode based on the detected temperature KQ detected by the fuel generating apparatus temperature detecting means 41 at the current time TQ.
- the short-time start mode is set.
- the temperature at the scheduled start time T1 of the fuel generation device 11 and the fuel cell 13 is estimated from the heat release amount, which is a function of the outside air temperature and the time from the current time T0 to the scheduled start time T1. It is possible. Therefore, the determination of the start-up mode, the scheduled start-up time the temperature of the fuel generator equipment 1 1 in T 1 inferred using those functions so as to compare (startup temperature) K 1 and the predetermined temperature K F May be.
- a start mode correspondence table in which the temperature difference between the detected temperature K 0 and the outside air temperature and the time from the current time T 0 to the scheduled start time T 1 are variables is created in advance and stored in the third calculating means 22.
- the third calculation means may select the start mode from the start mode correspondence table.
- the third calculating means 22 may calculate the required start-up time T s based on the temperature difference between the start-up temperature K 1 and the temperature required at the start of power generation (the temperature at the start of power generation) K 2. It may be.
- step S 3 1 0- 1 the operation control means 1 9, preset according to each startup mode has been activated duration T s (e.g., long-term activation mode In addition 6 0 minutes when de, the short-term start-up mode for 30 minutes) to the time T, it is assumed that the power generation scheduled start time T 2.
- duration T s e.g., long-term activation mode In addition 6 0 minutes when de, the short-term start-up mode for 30 minutes
- step S310-2 the operation control means 19 substitutes the scheduled power generation start time T2 for T.
- step S310-3 the operation control means 19 sets the predetermined time X! (E.g., 30 minutes) Yi% or more (e.g., 80%, 24 or more) of the power value W t (30 from W T to W ⁇ + 30) until after the minimum power generation of the fuel cell system It is determined whether the quantity is not less than W min . If yes, go to step S311. If N o, in step S 3 1 0 _ 4, from Ding - the (startup required time T s 1 minute) before the time is T, the flow returns to step S 3 0 6. Steps S311 to S313 are the same as those in the first embodiment, that is, steps S8 to S10 in FIG. 2, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- X! E.g., 30 minutes
- Yi% or more e.g., 80%, 24 or more
- step S 1 1 2 A the third calculation means 2 2, depending on the startup required time T s or bootstrap mode, calculate or determine the primary energy amount expended when starting the fuel cell system And the fuel cell starting primary energy amount A FCS .
- step S of the fifth i.e. Figure 8 embodiment
- the scheduled start time ⁇ the long scheduled power generation start time T 2 and the scheduled stop time T 3 may be determined in consideration of the amount of generated C ⁇ 2 .
- the third calculation means 2 depending on the starting plant essential time T s or start mode, the amount of CO 2 generated when starting the fuel cell system is calculated or Determined, fuel cell start-up CO 2 generation amount B FCS .
- Te step smell after VII in FIG. 1 7, step S of the sixth, namely 9 embodiment 1 by 1 1 C to the same operation as S 1 2 0 C, have scheduled start-up time T in consideration of the cost power generation start pre Teijikoku T 2 and scheduled stop time T 3 may be determined.
- the third calculation means 2 depending on the startup required time T s or start mode, calculates or determines the cost of the time of starting the fuel cell system, Fuel cell startup cost C FCS .
- the required start-up time T s and the fuel cell start-up cost C FCS are predicted and calculated according to the temperature state of the fuel cell system.
- the system can be operated more economically.
- control device means not only a single control device but also a group of control devices in which a plurality of control devices execute control in cooperation. Therefore, The control device 23 does not need to be constituted by a single control device, and even if a plurality of control devices are arranged in a distributed manner and cooperate with each other to control the operation of the fuel cell system. Good.
- power generation efficiency E WE heat recovery efficiency E WH
- primary energy amount per unit raw material gas A G FCB primary energy amount per unit electric power A EB> C 0 2 generation amount per unit raw gas B GFCB , unit electric power C_ ⁇ 2 generation amount B per
- the primary energy amount A GFCB per unit raw material gas may be A EB , a weight unit per oil conversion, or a calorie unit.
- CO 2 emissions per unit feed gas B GFCB may be a weight unit or a calorie unit per petroleum equivalent.
- the power value accumulating means 17 and the calorific value accumulating means 33 require the power value and the calorific value value to be stored. Need to accumulate. This accumulation usually requires a period of about one month from the second half of the month when the detection of the electric power value and the calorific value starts, so that the operation control means calculates the scheduled start time T i, the scheduled power generation start time T 2, and the scheduled stop time T 3 . The decision is made about half a month to one month after the installation of the fuel cell system. Alternatively, before installing the fuel cell system, And the calorific value may be detected in advance, and the history thereof may be stored in the electric power value accumulating means 17 and the calorific value accumulating means 33 in advance.
- the present invention is useful as a fuel cell system and a fuel cell cogeneration system that can operate with consideration for energy resources, environmental load, or economy.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005512106A JP4662850B2 (ja) | 2003-07-25 | 2004-07-26 | 燃料電池システム |
EP04748151.0A EP1662593B1 (en) | 2003-07-25 | 2004-07-26 | Fuel cell system |
US10/542,171 US7951497B2 (en) | 2003-07-25 | 2004-07-26 | Fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003-279838 | 2003-07-25 | ||
JP2003279838 | 2003-07-25 |
Publications (1)
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WO2005011034A1 true WO2005011034A1 (ja) | 2005-02-03 |
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ID=34100836
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2004/010992 WO2005011034A1 (ja) | 2003-07-25 | 2004-07-26 | 燃料電池システム |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7951497B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1662593B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4662850B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100438163C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005011034A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1892784A1 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2008-02-27 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Load controlling device, load controlling method, load controlling circuit, load controlling program, and computer-readable recording medium where load controlling program is recorded |
WO2008153222A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | 燃料電池システムおよびその起動完了度表示方法 |
JP2020145769A (ja) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | ヒートポンプシステム |
WO2023277078A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-05 | 京セラ株式会社 | 燃料電池システム、燃料電池モジュール及び補機ユニット |
Families Citing this family (7)
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WO2012089855A1 (es) | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-05 | Fundacion Tecnalia Research & Innovation | Método para la optimización económica de la operación de aparatos microcogeneradores |
JP5531156B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2014-06-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 設備システム制御装置 |
JP5965123B2 (ja) | 2011-09-28 | 2016-08-03 | 京セラ株式会社 | エネルギー管理システム、エネルギー管理装置及び電力管理方法 |
JP5521122B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-09 | 2014-06-11 | パナソニック株式会社 | 熱電併給システムおよびその制御方法 |
CN110048142A (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-23 | 北京氢澄能源科技开发有限公司 | 一种燃料电池热电联供系统 |
US20240185311A1 (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2024-06-06 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell power source management device and fuel cell power source management method |
JP2023006000A (ja) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料供給制御装置 |
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JP4984344B2 (ja) | 2000-12-20 | 2012-07-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよび供給電力切換方法 |
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JP3431021B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-24 | 2003-07-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 車両用燃料電池システム |
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- 2004-07-26 JP JP2005512106A patent/JP4662850B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-26 EP EP04748151.0A patent/EP1662593B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-26 WO PCT/JP2004/010992 patent/WO2005011034A1/ja active Application Filing
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1892784A1 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2008-02-27 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Load controlling device, load controlling method, load controlling circuit, load controlling program, and computer-readable recording medium where load controlling program is recorded |
EP1892784A4 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2011-11-02 | Panasonic Corp | CHARGE CONTROL DEVICE, CHARGE CONTROL METHOD, CHARGE CONTROL CIRCUIT, CHARGE CONTROL PROGRAM, AND COMPUTER-READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM ON WHICH CHARGE CONTROL PROGRAM IS RECORDED |
WO2008153222A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | 燃料電池システムおよびその起動完了度表示方法 |
JP2008311123A (ja) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システムおよびその起動完了度表示方法 |
KR101135660B1 (ko) | 2007-06-15 | 2012-04-13 | 도요타 지도샤(주) | 연료전지시스템 및 그 기동 완료도 표시방법 |
US8980487B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2015-03-17 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and activating completion degree displaying method of the same |
JP2020145769A (ja) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | ヒートポンプシステム |
JP7181127B2 (ja) | 2019-03-04 | 2022-11-30 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | ヒートポンプシステム |
WO2023277078A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-05 | 京セラ株式会社 | 燃料電池システム、燃料電池モジュール及び補機ユニット |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7951497B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
JP4662850B2 (ja) | 2011-03-30 |
EP1662593B1 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
US20060051633A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
EP1662593A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
CN100438163C (zh) | 2008-11-26 |
EP1662593A4 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
CN1706060A (zh) | 2005-12-07 |
JPWO2005011034A1 (ja) | 2006-09-14 |
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