WO2005001971A1 - 高分子電解質複合膜、その製造方法及びその用途 - Google Patents
高分子電解質複合膜、その製造方法及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005001971A1 WO2005001971A1 PCT/JP2004/009454 JP2004009454W WO2005001971A1 WO 2005001971 A1 WO2005001971 A1 WO 2005001971A1 JP 2004009454 W JP2004009454 W JP 2004009454W WO 2005001971 A1 WO2005001971 A1 WO 2005001971A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/1062—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte composite membrane having a composite layer in which a polymer electrolyte comprising a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part is filled in a porous substrate having fine pores, a method for producing the same, and its use.
- Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells operate at low temperatures, have high output per unit area, and can be miniaturized. Because of these characteristics, solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells are promising for applications such as power supplies for vehicles, and several polymer electrolyte membranes as basic materials have been proposed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer electrolyte composite membrane exhibiting high power generation performance, a method for producing the same, and uses thereof. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on polymer electrolytes in order to find a polymer electrolyte composite membrane exhibiting high power generation performance.As a result, the polymer electrolyte was found to have a phase-separated structure of a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part in a solid state. And a hydrophobic domain in the phase separation structure.
- the present inventors have found that a porous composite membrane exhibits high power generation performance, and have made various studies to complete the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte composite membrane having a high molecular electrolyte comprising a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part in micropores of a porous base material, wherein the polymer electrolyte is in a solid state with a hydrophobic part.
- Each phase of the hydrophilic part forms a phase-separated structure, and the following formula (1)
- nm the size of the hydrophobic domain in the phase separation structure (nm)
- b the size of the hydrophilic domain (nm)
- d the average pore diameter (nm) of the micropores of the porous substrate. Represents.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing the polymer electrolyte composite membrane. Further, the present invention provides a fuel cell using the above-mentioned polymer electrolyte composite membrane.
- FIG. 1 First schematic diagram for obtaining the sum of the size a of the hydrophobic domain and the size b of the hydrophilic domain in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 Second schematic diagram for obtaining the sum of the size a of the hydrophobic domain and the size b of the hydrophilic domain in the present invention.
- the polymer electrolyte composite membrane of the present invention forms a phase-separated structure of a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part in a solid state, and has a large hydrophobic domain of the polymer electrolyte comprising the hydrophobic part and the hydrophilic part.
- the size a (nm), the size b (nm) of the hydrophilic domain, and the average pore diameter d (nm) of the micropores of the porous substrate satisfy the above formula (1).
- the size a (nm) of the hydrophobic domain and the size b (nm) of the hydrophilic domain can be measured by, for example, a transmission electron microscope, small-angle X-ray diffraction, or the like.
- the methods for measuring a and b are as follows.For example, an ultra-thin section cut out in the thickness direction of a membrane composed of only a polymer electrolyte consisting of a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part is dyed into a hydrophobic phase and a hydrophilic phase by a conventional method using a staining method. Measure the diameter of the largest circle included in each phase in 10 or more places, and calculate the average value of each. The average value of the diameters obtained in this manner is defined as the size a (nm) of the hydrophobic domain and the size b (nm) of the hydrophilic domain.
- a + b which is the sum of the size of the hydrophobic domain and the size of the hydrophilic domain, may be calculated by substituting the value obtained as described above. If a phase-separated structure is formed, the diameter of the largest circle included in both the dyed hydrophobic phase and the hydrophilic phase can be measured at 10 or more places, and the average value can be used instead. good.
- the circles included in both phases are a and.
- the largest circle included in both phases is In the case where the thickness has become irregular lamellar structure (Fig. 2), the circle that is included respectively in both phases becomes a 2 and b 2.
- the biggest circle contained in both phases becomes A 2. 10 or more circles determined in the above manner are obtained at different locations, and the average value of the diameters may be used as the size a of the hydrophobic domain and the size b of the hydrophilic domain.
- the diameter may be the sum of a + b (nm).
- the polymer electrolyte used in the present invention may have a + b determined by any one of the above methods and the average pore diameter d (nm) of the micropores of the porous substrate satisfying the above formula (1). No. In the production of a membrane composed of only a polymer electrolyte, it is preferable to use a membrane produced under the same solvent and under the same drying conditions as in the production of a polymer electrolyte composite membrane described later.
- a and b (a + b) is usually at least l nm, preferably at least 3 nm, more preferably at least 10 nm. Further, it is usually at most 200 nm, preferably at most 100 nm, more preferably at most 8 nm.
- the hydrophilic portion of the polymer electrolyte is composed of a repeating unit having hydrophilicity.
- the repeating unit having a hydrophilic for example, repeating units of can be exemplified, as the ion exchange group, for example, -S0 3 H, one COOH, one PO (OH) 2 having an ion exchange group, - POH (OH) Cation-exchange groups such as, -P (OH) (Ph represents a phenyl group), one H 2 , — NHR, — NRR ', -NRR' R "one N3 ⁇ 4 +, etc. (R: alkyl group, A cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, etc.), etc. Some or all of these groups may form a salt with a counter ion.
- the - S0 2 NHS0 2 - repeating units containing groups such as may be mentioned as a repeating unit having a hydrophilic.
- the hydrophobic part of the polymer electrolyte is composed of a repeating unit having hydrophobicity.
- the repeating units having a hydrophobic, for example, ion-exchange group as described above, S0 2 NHS0 2 - include repeating units having no such groups as.
- each of these regions preferably has a continuous phase-separated structure, and more preferably a continuous phase-separated structure (corresponding to FIG. 1) parallel to the film thickness direction.
- Representative examples of the polymer electrolyte forming such a phase-separated structure include, for example, (A) a polymer electrolyte in which a sulfonic acid group and Z or a phosphonic acid group are introduced into a main chain of a polymer composed of an aliphatic hydrocarbon.
- Polymers containing nitrogen atoms in the chain include polymer electrolytes into which acidic compounds such as sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid have been introduced by ionic bonding.
- the polymer electrolyte (A) includes, for example, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly (-methylstyrene) sulfonic acid, and the like.
- the polymer electrolyte of the above (B) has a perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid in the side chain represented by Nafion (registered trademark of DuPont, the same applies hereinafter), and the main chain is perfluoroalkyl.
- Sulfonic acid-type polystyrene mono-graft ethylene composed of a main chain formed by copolymerization of a polymer that is an alkane, a fluorocarbon vinyl monomer and a hydrocarbon biermonomer, and a hydrocarbon side chain having a sulfonic acid group.
- the polymer electrolyte of the above (C) may have a main chain interrupted by a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom.
- examples thereof include polyetheretherketone, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and poly (a).
- Polymers in which sulfonic acid groups are introduced into polymers such as (reylene ether), polyimide, poly ((4-phenoxybenzoyl) -1,4-phenylene), polyphenylene sulfide, and polyphenylquinoxalene , Sulfoallylated polybenzimidazole, sulfoalkylated polybenzimidazole, phosphoalkylated polybenzimidazole (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-111,082), phosphonated poly (phenylenediazole) (For example, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 18, 1969 (1974)).
- Examples of the polymer electrolyte (D) include polyphosphazene in which a sulfonic acid group is introduced, and a polymer having a phosphonic acid group described in Polymer Prep., 41, No. 1, 70 (2000). Siloxane and the like.
- the polymer electrolyte of the above (E) has a sulfonic acid group and a Z or phosphonic acid group introduced into a random copolymer, and a sulfonic acid group and a Z or phosphonic acid group introduced into an alternating copolymer. And a polymer electrolyte in which a sulfonic acid group and a Z or phosphonic acid group are introduced into a block copolymer.
- the polymer electrolyte in which a sulfonic acid group is introduced into a random copolymer includes, for example, a sulfonated polyethersulfone-dihydroxybiphenyl copolymer (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-1161679). No.
- the polymer electrolyte of the above (F) includes, for example, polybenzimidazole containing phosphoric acid and the like described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-503262 (Tokuhyohei).
- blocks having a sulfonic acid group and a Z or phosphonic acid group in the block copolymer contained in the polymer electrolyte (E) are described in, for example, Examples include a block having a sulfonic acid group and a Z or phosphonic acid group described in JP-A No. 2001-250567.
- the polymer electrolyte in the present invention is preferably a block copolymer or a graft copolymer.
- a polymer having a main chain having an aromatic ring as in the above (C) is preferable, and a sulfonic acid group and / or Alternatively, a polymer in which a phosphonic acid group is introduced is more preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer electrolyte used in the present invention is usually about 100 to about 1000, and the equivalent weight of the ion exchange group is usually about 500 to about 500. It is about 0 gZmol.
- additives such as a plasticizer, a stabilizer, a release agent, and the like used for ordinary polymers may be used within a range not inconsistent with the object of the present invention.
- a polymer electrolyte as described above which has a relationship with an average pore diameter d (nm) of a porous substrate described later that satisfies the above-mentioned formula (1), is selected.
- the average pore diameter d (nm) of the micropores of the porous base material a value obtained by a bubble point method (ASTM F316-86) is preferably used.
- the average pore diameter d is usually about 1 to 1,000,00011111, preferably about 30 to 10,000 nm, and more preferably about 50 to 1,000 nm.
- the porous substrate used in the present invention has a polymer electrolyte in its pores, and is used for further improving the strength, flexibility, and durability of the polymer electrolyte membrane. Therefore, any porous material that satisfies the above-mentioned purpose of use may be used, and examples thereof include a porous membrane, a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, and a fibril, which can be used regardless of the shape or material.
- an aliphatic polymer, an aromatic polymer, or a fluoropolymer is preferable.
- examples of the aliphatic polymer include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, but are not limited thereto.
- polyethylene refers to polyethylene A general term for ethylene-based polymers having a crystalline structure, including, for example, copolymers of ethylene and other monomers, and specifically, ethylene, ⁇ -olefin, called linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). And ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
- polypropylene as used herein is a general term for propylene-based polymers having a polypropylene crystal structure, and includes propylene-based block copolymers and random copolymers that are generally used (these include ethylene and 1-butene). Which is a copolymer of
- aromatic polymer examples include polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, and polysulfone.
- fluorine-containing polymer examples include, for example, a thermoplastic resin having at least one carbon-fluorine bond in the molecule.
- a thermoplastic resin having at least one carbon-fluorine bond in the molecule preferably, an aliphatic polymer having a structure in which all or most of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms is preferably used.
- polytrifluoroethylene polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorinated trifluoroethylene, poly (tetrafluoroethylene-hexanefluoropropylene), poly (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroethylene) But not limited thereto. Among them, polytetrafluoroethylene and poly (tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene) are preferable, and polytetrafluoroethylene is particularly preferable. Further, these fluororesins are preferably those having an average molecular weight of 100,000 or more from the viewpoint of good mechanical strength.
- a porous substrate When such a porous substrate is used as a membrane for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, its thickness is generally about 1 to about 100 mm, preferably about 3 to about 30 m, and more preferably about 5 to about 30 m. To about 20 m, and the porosity is usually about 20 to about 98%, preferably about 40 to about 95%.
- the thickness of the porous substrate is too small, the effect of reinforcing the strength of the polymer electrolyte composite membrane or the effect of reinforcing the flexibility and durability becomes insufficient, resulting in gas leakage (clumping). Loss leak) is likely to occur.
- the film thickness is too large, the electric resistance becomes high, and the obtained polymer electrolyte composite membrane becomes insufficient as a membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the porosity is too small, the resistance as a polymer electrolyte composite membrane becomes large, and if it is too large, the strength of the porous substrate itself generally becomes weak, and the reinforcing effect is reduced.
- the production method of the present invention uses a polymer electrolyte and a porous substrate satisfying the above formula (1).
- a method of forming a polymer electrolyte composite membrane by compounding a polymer electrolyte and a porous substrate is, for example, to prepare a polymer electrolyte solution, impregnate the porous substrate into the solution, and take out the porous substrate. Later, a method of obtaining a composite film by drying the solvent, a method of applying the solution to a porous substrate, and drying the solvent to obtain a composite film, contacting the solution with the porous substrate under reduced pressure, There is a method in which the solution is impregnated into the pores of the porous substrate by returning to normal pressure, and the solvent is dried to obtain a composite film.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the polymer electrolyte and can be removed relatively easily thereafter.
- N, N-dimethyl Non-protic polar solvents such as formamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, cyclobenzene, dichlorobenzene, etc.
- Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol, and alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether.
- alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether.
- ethylene glycol monomethyl ether ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
- propylene glycol monomethyl ether propylene glycol monoethyl ether
- the polymer electrolyte composite membrane of the present invention has a polymer electrolyte in the micropores of the porous substrate, and may have a polymer electrolyte layer on the surface of the porous substrate.
- An electrolyte membrane or a polymer electrolyte composite membrane may be further laminated on the polymer electrolyte composite membrane of the present invention.
- layer configurations such as a (membrane) and the like, and further layer configurations such as (electrolyte membrane Z polymer electrolyte composite membrane Z electrolyte membrane Z polymer electrolyte composite membrane Z electrolyte membrane) in which these are superposed.
- the polymer electrolyte composite membrane and / or the electrolyte membrane in each layer configuration may be different or the same.
- a fuel cell is a membrane electrode junction consisting of an anode and a force source of a gas diffusion electrode arranged opposite to each other, and a polymer electrolyte membrane interposed between the two electrodes while contacting them and allowing ions to pass selectively.
- a plurality of unit batteries each composed of a body are alternately stacked via a separator provided with gas distribution means.
- a fuel such as hydrogen, reformed gas, or methanol is supplied to an anode, and an oxidant such as oxygen is supplied to a power source.
- the oxidizing agent is electrocatalytically reduced and the chemical reaction energy is directly converted into electric energy to generate electricity.
- the catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it can activate the oxidation-reduction reaction with hydrogen or oxygen, and a known catalyst can be used. However, it is preferable to use platinum fine particles. Platinum fine particles often used are preferably those supported on particulate or fibrous carbon such as activated carbon or graphite.
- a porous carbon woven fabric or carbon paper is preferable for efficiently transporting the raw material gas to the catalyst.
- a method of joining platinum particles or platinum particles carrying platinum particles to a porous carbon woven cloth or a carbon vapor, and a method of joining the same to a polymer electrolyte sheet for example, J. Electroc hem. Soc .: Use a well-known method such as the method described in Electroc hemical Sci enc e and T ecn ⁇ 1 ⁇ gy, 1988, 135 (9), 2209. be able to.
- the following polyethylene porous membrane produced according to JP-A-2002-309024 was used.
- the average pore diameter was a value determined by the bubble point method ASTM F316-86.
- the reaction solution was cooled, poured into a solution having a hydrochloric acid / methanol / acetone weight ratio of (2/70/30), and the precipitated polymer was filtered, washed with water and methanol, dried under reduced pressure, and dried under a reduced pressure.
- a hydrochloric acid / methanol / acetone weight ratio of (2/70/30) was filtered, washed with water and methanol, dried under reduced pressure, and dried under a reduced pressure.
- the ion exchange capacity of the sulfonated block copolymer A was 1.4 meqZg.
- polyether sulfones (bl) are polyether sulfones having a nonafluorobiphenyloxy group substituted at the terminal.
- This is a block copolymer in which the portion derived from the sulfonated polymer (b 2) becomes a hydrophilic portion and the portion derived from polyether sulfones (bl) becomes a water-phobic portion by 1H-NMR measurement. It was confirmed that.
- a polymer electrolyte solution dissolved at a concentration of 27 wt% in NMP was prepared. It was prepared, cast on a glass plate, and dried at 80 at normal pressure.
- the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane (3) was measured with a transmission electron microscope, and as a result, the sum of the hydrophobic domain and the hydrophilic domain, a + b, was 19 nm.
- the copolymer is subjected to promotion, phosphonate esterification and hydrolysis according to the method described in JP-A-2003-282096 to obtain 4,4, -biphene.
- the following phosphonic acid group-containing polymer was obtained in which about 0.1 Br and about 1.7 phosphonic acid groups were substituted for one unit derived from knol.
- a polyethylene porous membrane A was fixed on a glass plate, and a polymer electrolyte solution prepared in the same manner as in Reference Examples 1 to 3 was dropped on the porous membrane.
- the polymer electrolyte solution was spread evenly over the porous membrane using a wire coater, and the coating thickness was controlled using a barco overnight with a 0.3 mm clearance, and the coating was dried at 80 ° C under normal pressure. Then, the polymer electrolyte composite membrane was obtained by immersing in lmo 1ZL hydrochloric acid and washing with ion-exchanged water.
- a polymer electrolyte composite membrane was obtained by performing the procedure according to Example 1 except that the polyethylene porous membrane B was used. This was evaluated for fuel cell characteristics, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 .08 0 .40 0.98 1.28
- Example 20 .20 0 .89 1.40 1.70
- Example 30 .17 0, .17 1.10 1.40 Comparative Example 1 0.0 .06 0 .10 0.21 0.35 Industrial applicability
- a phase separation structure of a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part is formed in a solid state, and the sum of the size of the hydrophobic domain and the size of the hydrophilic domain in the phase separation structure is porous.
- the polymer electrolyte composite membrane of the present invention shows high power generation performance, it is advantageous not only as a fuel cell using hydrogen, but also as an electrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel cells, for example, using an alcohol such as methanol as a fuel. It is.
Abstract
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EP04746923A EP1662594A4 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2004-06-28 | POLYMER ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITE FILM, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREFOR AND USE THEREOF |
CA002530935A CA2530935A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2004-06-28 | Polymer electrolyte composite film, method for production thereof and use thereof |
US10/562,435 US20060159972A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2004-06-28 | Polymer electrolyte composite film, method for production thereof and use thereof |
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EP (1) | EP1662594A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060023174A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100380721C (ja) |
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GB0400626D0 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2004-02-11 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Polymer |
JP3897059B2 (ja) | 2004-06-22 | 2007-03-22 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 液状組成物、その製造方法及び固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
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Also Published As
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US20060159972A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
CN1816930A (zh) | 2006-08-09 |
EP1662594A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
KR20060023174A (ko) | 2006-03-13 |
CN100380721C (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
EP1662594A4 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
CA2530935A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
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