WO2004097434A1 - I/f変換装置および光検出装置 - Google Patents
I/f変換装置および光検出装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004097434A1 WO2004097434A1 PCT/JP2004/006206 JP2004006206W WO2004097434A1 WO 2004097434 A1 WO2004097434 A1 WO 2004097434A1 JP 2004006206 W JP2004006206 W JP 2004006206W WO 2004097434 A1 WO2004097434 A1 WO 2004097434A1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282376 Panthera tigris Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J1/46—Electric circuits using a capacitor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
- G01R19/252—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques using analogue/digital converters of the type with conversion of voltage or current into frequency and measuring of this frequency
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/60—Analogue/digital converters with intermediate conversion to frequency of pulses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a current-frequency (IZF) conversion device for outputting a signal having a frequency corresponding to the magnitude of a current input to an input terminal, and an IZF conversion device and a light receiving device
- the present invention relates to a light detection device including an element.
- a light-receiving element for example, a photodiode or a photomultiplier tube
- a light receiving element has excellent linearity between the incident light intensity and the output current value in a wide dynamic range of the incident light intensity.
- the dynamic range of the sensitivity of the human eye to light intensity is about six orders of magnitude.
- an AZD conversion device that performs A / D conversion by inputting a current value output from a light receiving element has a large number of bits corresponding to such a wide dynamic range of light intensity. It is required to output a digital value. For example, while the dynamic range of light intensity is 6 digits, the digital value output from the AZD converter is required to be 20 bits. It is difficult to realize such an AZD converter that outputs such a digital value of 20 bits.
- the IZF conversion device 40 shown in this figure includes a current-voltage conversion circuit 41, a transistor Tr1, current mirror circuits 42 and 43, a mirror integration circuit 44, a comparison circuit 45, and a reference voltage source 46.
- the current-voltage conversion circuit 41 has an operational amplifier 41a and a feedback resistance element Ri, inputs a current value output from the current value detection circuit 4, and converts the current value to a voltage value corresponding to the current value. Convert and output the voltage value.
- the transistor Trl inputs the voltage value output from the current-voltage conversion circuit 41 to the gate terminal, and flows a current obtained by logarithmically amplifying the voltage value between the source terminal and the drain terminal.
- the current mirror circuit 42 includes the transistors Tr2 and Tr3, and multiplies the current output from the transistor Tr1 and outputs the multiplied current.
- the current mirror circuit 43 has transistors Tr 4 and Tr 5, and multiplies the current output from the current mirror circuit 42 by one and outputs the result.
- the mirror integration circuit 44 has an operational amplifier 44a and a feedback capacitance element C, inputs a current output from the current mirror circuit 43, and accumulates electric charges in the capacitance element C according to the input current. Then, a voltage value corresponding to the amount of the accumulated charge is output.
- the comparison circuit 45 compares the voltage value output from the Miller integration circuit 44 with the reference voltage value ⁇ ei output from the reference voltage source 46, and outputs a comparison signal indicating the comparison result.
- the switch 34 provided between the input and output terminals of the operational amplifier 44a of the Miller integrating circuit 44 receives the comparison signal output from the comparison circuit 45 and passed through the buffer amplifier 33, and opens and closes based on the comparison signal.
- the IZF conversion device 40 As the current is input to the Miller integration circuit 44, the amount of charge stored in the capacitance element C gradually increases, and the voltage value output from the Miller integration circuit 44 becomes larger. growing. Eventually, when the voltage value output from the Miller integrating circuit 44 exceeds the reference voltage value V rei , the comparison signal output from the comparison circuit 45 is inverted, thereby closing the switch 34 and discharging the capacitive element C. Is You. When the capacitor C is discharged, the comparison signal is inverted again, the switch 34 is opened, and the charge accumulation in the capacitor C is restarted.
- the IZF converter 40 includes the transistor Tr1 having logarithmic amplification characteristics, the capacitor C discharges when a transistor having no logarithmic amplification characteristics is used. Improve the linearity of the input / output simplicity between the input current value and the output frequency even when the output frequency (high input current value) becomes too high to secure a sufficient period. Is intended. In other words, the IZF converter 40 is intended to improve the linear 1 "generation of the input / output relationship with respect to the input current value over a wide dynamic range.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an IF converter and a photodetector capable of realizing high linearity of input / output relation with high accuracy over a wide dynamic range. It is intended to provide a device.
- the IZF conversion device is an IZF conversion device that generates a signal having a frequency corresponding to the magnitude of a current input to an input terminal.
- Switching means for selectively switching the current to one of the first output terminal and the second output terminal and outputting the current; and (2) being connected to the first output terminal of the switching means, the electric charge is supplied in response to the input of the current.
- a first capacitive element for storing; and (3) a first capacitive element for discharging the charge stored in the first capacitive element.
- One end of the first capacitive element is connected to the input terminal, and the voltage at one end of the first capacitive element is compared in magnitude with a reference voltage, and a first comparison signal indicating the result of the comparison is generated.
- a first comparing section that outputs from the output terminal; (5) a second capacitive element that is connected to the second output terminal of the switching means and accumulates electric charge according to a current input; and (6) a second capacitive element. (7) one end of the second capacitance element is connected to the input terminal, and the voltage at one end of the second capacitance element is compared with the reference voltage, and the second discharge means for discharging the accumulated charge is compared with the reference voltage. And a second comparison unit that outputs a second comparison signal representing the result from an output terminal.
- the switching means when the switching means is set to output the current to the first output terminal, the current input to the input terminal flows into the first capacitance element via the switching means. Then, charges are accumulated in the first capacitance element. As the amount of charge stored in the first capacitance element increases, the voltage input to the input terminal of the first comparator gradually increases, and eventually becomes larger than the reference voltage, and the output of the first comparator increases. The level of the first comparison signal output from the terminal is inverted. Then, with the level inversion of the first comparison signal, the electric charge accumulated in the first capacitance element is discharged by the first discharging means, and the first comparison signal output from the output terminal of the first comparison section is inverted. I do.
- the setting is changed in the switching means so that the current is output to the second output terminal, and the current input to the input terminal flows into the second capacitance element via the switching means, and Electric charges are accumulated in the second capacitor.
- the voltage input to the input terminal of the second comparison unit gradually increases, and eventually becomes larger than the reference voltage, and then the voltage from the output terminal of the second comparison unit increases.
- the level of the output second comparison signal is inverted.
- the charge accumulated in the second capacitance element is discharged by the second discharging means, and the level of the second comparison signal output from the output terminal of the second comparison unit is inverted. .
- the above operation is repeated, and the signal output from the first comparator or the second comparator of the IZF converter becomes a pulse signal.
- the wave number depends on the magnitude of the current input to the input terminal.
- a timing control means is further provided for performing the above-described operation, and the switching means, the first switching means and the first switching means are provided based on the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal. It is preferable to control the operation of each of the discharging means and the second discharging means.
- the IZF converter includes: (1) connected to the first output terminal of the switching means, connected to one end of the input terminal of the first comparison unit, and connected to the input of the current.
- a third capacitive element that accumulates electric charge in response thereto; (2) third discharging means for discharging the electric charge accumulated in the third capacitive element; and (3) a third output terminal of the switching means.
- a fourth capacitance element having one end connected to the input terminal of the comparison unit and accumulating charge according to the input of current; (4) fourth discharging means for discharging the charge accumulated in the fourth capacitance element; 5)
- the other end of the first capacitive element is connected to the ground potential, the other end of the first capacitive element is connected to the output terminal of the first comparator, and the other end of the first capacitive element is open.
- each of the first comparing section and the second comparing section can be selectively set to one of the comparator mode and the amplifier mode.
- the comparator mode is an operation mode in which a voltage input to an input terminal and a reference voltage are compared in magnitude, and a comparison signal indicating a result of the comparison is output from an output terminal.
- the amplifier mode is the input In this operation mode, when a feedback capacitor is connected between the terminal and the output terminal, a voltage value corresponding to the amount of charge stored in the feedback capacitor is output from the output terminal.
- discharging means for discharging the charge of each capacitance element, and each capacitance element
- connection means for setting the connection state of the elements, whereby the charge is repeatedly accumulated in the order of the first capacitance element, the second capacitance element, the third capacitance element, and the fourth capacitance element.
- the signal output from the comparison unit or the second comparison unit is a pulse signal, and the frequency of the pulse signal is in accordance with the magnitude of the current input to the input terminal.
- a timing control means is further provided for performing the above operation, and the switching means, the first switching means and the first switching means are provided based on the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal.
- Each operation of the discharging means, the second discharging means, the third discharging means, the fourth discharging means, the first connecting means, the second connecting means, the third connecting means, the fourth connecting means, the first comparing section and the second comparing section Is preferably controlled.
- the IZF conversion device includes a reference voltage source for supplying a reference voltage to each of the first comparison unit and the second comparison unit, and a first comparison signal and a second comparison signal.
- SR type flip-flop circuit a current mirror circuit that multiplies the current input to the input terminal and outputs it to the switching means, a first mirror connected to the input terminal of the first comparison unit and resetting the potential of the input terminal
- the photodetector according to the present invention includes: (1) a light receiving element that outputs a current having a magnitude corresponding to the intensity of incident light; and (2) a current output from the light receiving element. And an IZF conversion device according to the present invention for generating a signal having a frequency corresponding to the magnitude of the current. Also, the signal generated by the IZF converter is It is preferable to further comprise a counting unit for counting the number of pulses per unit time in the apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of the IZF converter 10 and the photodetector 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the IZF converter 10 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the operation characteristics of the IZF conversion device 10 and the photodetection device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the I / F conversion device 20 and the light detection device 2 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the first comparator unit 2 1 and the second comparing portion 2 1 2 each circuit.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the first overvoltage protection circuit 2 2 i and the second overvoltage preventing circuit 2 2 2 each circuit.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the IZF conversion device 20 according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C are first diagrams illustrating the open / closed state of each switch and the connected state of each capacitive element at each time in the operation of the IZF converter 20 according to the second embodiment. It is.
- FIGS. 9A to 9C are second diagrams illustrating the open / closed state of each switch and the connected state of each capacitance element at each time in the operation of the IZF converter 20 according to the second embodiment. is there.
- FIG. 1OA to FIG. 10C show a third example for explaining the open / closed state of each switch and the connected state of each capacitive element at each time in the operation of the IZF converter 20 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1OA to FIG. 10C show a third example for explaining the open / closed state of each switch and the connected state of each capacitive element at each time in the operation of the IZF converter 20 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B show an I / F converter 10 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing, in comparison, the operation characteristics of the I_F conversion device 20 according to the second embodiment with those of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a conventional I / F converter.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of the IZF converter 10 and the photodetector 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the photodetector 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a photodiode PD that outputs a current having a magnitude corresponding to the intensity of incident light, an IZF converter 10 that inputs a current output from the photodiode PD and generates a signal. And a counting unit 19 for counting the number of pulses per unit time in the signal generated by the YZF conversion device 10.
- the IZF conversion apparatus 10 the first comparing section 11 of the second comparator unit 11 2, the force rent mirror circuit 14, a reference voltage source 15 :, SR type flip-flop circuit 16, bar Ffaanpu 18, first capacitor C
- There second capacitive element C 2 comprises a switch SW ⁇ sweep rate Tutsi SW 2, Suitsuchi SW "and Suitsuchi SW 21.
- the operating characteristics of the first comparing portion 11 and the second comparing portion 11 2, respectively are the same as doctor each other.
- the capacitance values of the two capacitance elements and C 2 are equal to each other.
- the input terminal 10a is connected to the photodiode PD, the current generated by the photodiode PD is input to the input terminal 10a, and a frequency corresponding to the magnitude of the input current is input. Is output from the buffer amplifier 18 to the counting unit 19.
- the current mirror circuit 14 multiplies the current input to the input terminal 10a. And outputs it to the switch and the switch SW 2 in.
- the switch S AA ⁇ is provided between the output terminal of the current mirror circuit 14 and the inverting input terminal of the first comparison unit 11.
- Suitsuchi SW 2 is provided between the inverting input terminal of the current mirror circuit 1 fourth output terminal and the second comparison portion 1 1 2.
- Suitsuchi and Suitsuchi SW 2 is input 1 0 is input to a current through the current mirror circuit 1 4, (the connection point between the inverting input terminal of the first comparator unit 1 1 i) first output and a second either one of the output end (connection point of the second inverting input terminal of the comparison unit 1 1 2), which acts as a switching means for outputting selectively switched.
- One end of the first capacitive element is connected to the output terminal of the Karen 10-mirror circuit 14 via a switch, and is also connected to the inverting input terminal of the first comparison unit 11. .
- the other end of the first capacitive element is grounded.
- the first capacitor element can accumulate electric charge according to the input of current.
- the switch SW # is provided between one end of the first capacitive element and the ground potential, and functions as first discharging means for discharging the electric charge accumulated in the first capacitive element.
- the first comparing unit 11 inputs the voltage V at one end of the first capacitive element to the inverting input terminal, and outputs the reference voltage V rei output from the reference voltage source 15 to the inverting input terminal. Input to the non-inverting input terminal, and the voltage V! And a reference voltage V ref, and a first comparison signal S! Indicating the result of the comparison. Is output from the output terminal.
- This first comparison signal si has the voltage V! Is at a high level when is smaller than the reference voltage Vref , and is at a low level when the voltage Vi is larger than the reference voltage Vrei .
- [0 0 4 2] of the second capacitive element C 2 end is connected to the output terminal of the current mirror first circuit 1 4 via the switch SW 2, contact with the inverting input terminal of the second comparing portion 1 1 2 Has been continued.
- the other end of the second capacitive element C 2 is grounded.
- the second capacitive element C 2 is capable of storing charges in response to an input current.
- Switch SW 2 1 is provided between one end and the ground potential of the second capacitive element C 2, which acts as a second discharge means for discharging charges accumulated in the second capacitor element C 2.
- the second comparing section 1 1 2 inputs the voltage V 2 at one end of the second capacitive element C 2 to the inverting input terminal, a non-inverting reference voltage V rei output from the reference voltage source 1 5 and input to the input terminal, and a voltage V 2 and the reference voltage V rei and compares outputs a second comparison signal S 2 representative of the result of the comparison from an output terminal.
- the second comparison signal S 2 is a high level when the voltage V 2 lower than the reference voltage V re i, when the voltage V 2 reference voltage V rei Yori large at a low level.
- the reference voltage source 1 5 is to generate a constant reference voltage V rei, supplies the reference voltage V ref to the first comparing section 1 1 and the second comparator unit 1 1 2 each of the non-inverting input terminal .
- SR-type flip-flop circuit 1 6 the first comparison signal S output from the first comparator unit 11 i is input to the S input terminal, a second comparison signal S 2 output from the second comparator unit 1 1 2 An input signal is input to the R input terminal, and an output signal that changes according to the level change of each of the first comparison signal S i and the second comparison signal S 2 is output from each of the Q output terminal and the QB output terminal.
- the buffer amplifier 18 amplifies the signal output from the Q output terminal of the SR flip-flop circuit 16 and outputs the amplified signal to the counter 19.
- the counting unit 19 counts the number of pulses per unit time in the signal output from the buffer amplifier 18 and outputs the counted value as a digital value.
- each switch SW and switches SW 21 closed when the value of the signal output from the QB output terminal of the SR type flip-flop circuit 1 6 is High Level, opened when a low level.
- each switch sw 2 Contact Yopi Suitsuchi SW " closed when the value of the signal output from the Q output terminal of the SR type flip-flop circuit 16 is high level, opens when a low level.
- FIG. 2 shows an IZF converter 10 according to the first embodiment. This is a timing chart for explaining the operation.
- the current light output from the photodiode PD incident is input to the input terminal 10 a of 1 / F converter 10, is multiplied by the current mirror circuit 14, switch SW 1 from the current mirror circuit 14 ; is output to SW 2.
- the first comparison signal S changes to low level, so that the Q output of the SR flip-flop circuit 16 changes to high level, and the QB output changes to low level, and the switch and the switch SW 21, respectively it is open, switch SW 2 and the switch SWu each close.
- the electric charge stored in the first capacitance element Ci is discharged, and the first comparison signal Si output from the output terminal of the first comparison unit 11i returns to the high level.
- the above operation is repeated, and the Q output signal of the SR flip-flop circuit 16 becomes a pulse signal, which is input to the counting section 19 via the buffer amplifier 18.
- the counting section 19 counts the number of pulses per unit time in the signal output from the Q output terminal of the SR flip-flop circuit 16, and outputs the counted value (ie, frequency) as a digital value. .
- the rate of increase in the amount of charge stored in each of the first and second capacitive elements C 2 increases, that is, as the current output from the current mirror circuit 14 increases, the frequency obtained in this manner becomes high.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the operation characteristics of the I // F converter 10 and the photodetector 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents the intensity of light incident on the photodiode PD of the photodetector 1, or the current value input to the input terminal 10a of the I / F converter 10.
- the vertical axis indicates the frequency measured by the counting unit 19.
- the operation characteristics of the IZF converter having the configuration shown in Fig. 12 are shown as a comparative example, for comparison with the first embodiment.
- the linearity of the input / output relationship deteriorates in a region where the amount of light incident on the photodiode PD is large (a region where the current value is large).
- the linearity of the input / output relationship is excellent even in a region where the amount of light incident on the photodiode PD is large (a region where the current value is large).
- the IZF conversion device 10 and the photodetection device 1 according to the present embodiment can achieve high linearity in input / output relationship with high accuracy over a wide dynamic range.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the I / F converter 20 and the photodetector 2 according to the second embodiment.
- the photodetector 2 shown in this figure includes a photodiode PD that outputs a current having a magnitude corresponding to the intensity of incident light, and an IZF converter 20 that inputs a current output from the photodiode PD and generates a signal. ,and,
- a counting unit 29 is provided for counting the number of pulses per unit time in a signal generated by the I / F converter 20.
- the IZF converter 20 includes a first comparing section 21 or a second comparing section 21 2 , a first overvoltage prevention circuit 22 or a second overvoltage prevention circuit 22 2 , a first one-shot circuit 23, and a second one-shot circuit.
- 23 2 current mirror circuit 24, reference voltage source 25, SR type flip-flop circuit 26, timing controller 27, buffer amplifier 28, 1st capacitive element ⁇ ⁇ 2nd capacitive element C 2 , 3rd capacitive element C 3 , 4 capacitive element C 4, sweep rate Tutsi SW have switch SW 2, switch SWn ⁇ SW 13, switch SW 21 to SW 2 3, switch SW 31 to SW 33, and comprises a switch SW 41 to SW 43.
- the current mirror circuit 24 multiplies the current input to the input terminal 20a. And outputs it to the switch sw and switch sw 2 in.
- the switch sw is provided between the output terminal of the current mirror circuit 24 and the inverting input terminal of the first comparison unit 21.
- Suitsuchi SW 2 is provided between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal and the second comparing section 2 1 2 of the current mirror circuit 24.
- the switch SW and the switch SW 2 input the current input to the input terminal 20 a and passed through the current mirror circuit 24 to the first output terminal (the connection point with the inverting input terminal of the first comparison unit 21) and the second output terminal (the 2), and serves as a switching means for selectively switching and outputting one of the two comparison sections 21 2 (connection point to the inverting input terminal).
- the first capacitive element and the third capacitive element C 3 of each end is connected to the output terminal of the current mirror circuit 24 via a sweep rate Tutsi, also connected to the inverting input terminal of the first ratio ⁇ 21 ing.
- Each of the first capacitor and the third capacitor element C 3, charge can be stored in accordance with the input current.
- switch SW is provided between the one end and the other end of the first capacitive element, acting as a first discharge means for discharging charges accumulated in the first capacitor element.
- Switch SW 12 is kicked set between the other end and the ground potential of the first capacitive element.
- switch SW 13 is provided between the other end and the output terminal of the first comparing portion 21 E of the first capacitive element The switches SW 12 and SW 13 connect the other end of the first capacitive element C i to the ground potential and connect the other end of the first capacitive element C to the output terminal of the first comparing section 21.
- the first capacitance element acts as first connection means for selectively setting one of a connected state and a state in which the other end of the first capacitive element is opened.
- switch SW 31 is provided between the one end and the other end of the third capacitive element C 3, acting as a third discharge means for discharging charges accumulated in the third capacitor element C 3 .
- Switch SW 32 is kicked set between the other end and the ground potential of the third capacitive element C 3.
- Switch SW 33 is provided between the other end of the third capacitive element C 3 and the output terminal of the first comparator unit 21. Switches SW 32 and SW 33 are state of the other end of the third capacitive element C 3 is connected to the ground potential, the first comparison unit and the other end of the third capacitive element C 3 21 while connected to the output terminal, and acts as a third connecting means for selectively setting the other end of the third capacitive element C 3 the open state, to any of the.
- the first comparator 21 E is a voltage of one end of the first capacitive element Oyopi third capacitive element C 3 their respective V! Receives an input to the inverting input terminal, and inputs the reference voltage V ref output reference voltage source 25 forces et to the non-inverting input terminal, a voltage VJ and the reference voltage V r ef and compares, in the comparison First comparison signal S! Is output from the output terminal.
- the first comparison signal Si is high level when the voltage V is smaller than the reference voltage V re i, when the voltage is greater than the reference voltage V rei Ru low der.
- the second capacitive element C 2 and the fourth capacitive element C 4 each end is connected to the output terminal of the current mirror circuit 24 via a sweep rate Tutsi SW 2, the second ratio ⁇ 21 2 inversion Also connected to the input terminal.
- Each second capacitive element C 2 and the fourth capacitive element C 4 charge can be stored in accordance with the input current.
- switch SW 21 is provided between the one end and the other end of the second capacitive element C 2, acts as the second discharge means for discharging charges accumulated in the second capacitor element C 2 .
- Switch SW 22 is kicked set 'between the other end and the ground potential of the second capacitive element C 2.
- Switch SW 23 is provided between the second capacitive element C 2 of the other end and an output terminal of the second comparing portion 21 2.
- Switch SW 22 and SW 23 are state of the other end of the second capacitive element C 2 is connected to the ground potential, a state of connecting the other end of the second capacitive element C 2 to the second output terminal of the comparison unit 21 2, and acts as a second connecting means for selectively setting the other end of the second capacitive element C 2 the open state, to any of the.
- switch SW 41 is provided between the one end and the other end of the fourth capacitor element C 4, acting as a fourth discharge means for discharging charges accumulated in the fourth capacitor element C 4 .
- Switch SW 42 is kicked set between the other end and the ground potential of the fourth capacitive element C 4.
- Switch SW 43 is provided between the fourth capacitance element and the other end to the output terminal of the second comparing portion 2 1 2 C 4.
- Switches SW 42 and SW 43 are While connected to the other end of the element C 4 to the ground potential, a state of connecting the other end of the fourth capacitive element C 4 to the second output terminal of the comparator 2 1 2, and the other end of the fourth capacitor element C 4 In the open state, and acts as a fourth connection means for selectively setting to either of.
- the second comparator 2 1 2 inputs the voltage V 2 at one end of the second capacitive element C 2 and the fourth capacitive element C 4 their respective to the inverting input terminal, a reference voltage source the reference voltage V ref output 2 5 et then input to the non-inverting input terminal, and a voltage V 2 and the reference voltage V e f and compares the output of the second comparison signal S 2 representative of the result of the comparison Output from terminal.
- the second comparison signal S 2 is a high level when the voltage V 2 lower than the reference voltage V ref, the when the voltage V 2 higher than the reference voltage V rei Ru low der.
- the first overvoltage protection circuit 22 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the first comparing section 21, and resets the potential of the inverting input terminal.
- the second overvoltage preventing circuit 2 2 2 is connected to a second inverting input terminal of the comparator 2 1 2, it is intended to reset the potential of the inverting input terminal. If the voltage of the inverting input terminal becomes higher than the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal and stabilizes, the first comparing unit 21 and the second comparing unit 2 1 2 will not operate normally. Such a situation may occur at power-on and power-up. Therefore, the first overvoltage protection circuit 2 2 i and a second over-voltage prevention circuit 2 2 2 respectively, to reset the potential of the first comparator unit 2 1 and the second comparing portion 2 1 2 their respective inverting input terminal To enable normal operation.
- the first one-shot circuit 23 is provided between the output terminal of the first comparison unit 21 and the S input terminal of the SR flip-flop circuit 26. 2 stabilizes the level change of the first comparison signal Si output from 1.
- Second Wanshi-shot circuit 2 3 2 is provided between the R input terminal of the second comparing portion 2 1 2 output terminal and SR-type flip-flop circuit 2 6, the output from the second comparing part 2 1 2 to second stabilizing the level change of the comparison signal S 2 to be.
- Each of the first one-shot circuit 2 3 and the second one-shot circuit 2 3 2 has an SR flip-flop circuit 2 Stabilize the operation of 6.
- reference voltage source 2 5 generates a constant reference voltage V ref, the reference voltage V rei first comparator unit 2 1 i and the second comparing portion 2 1 2 each of the non-inverting input Supply to terminal.
- the SR flip-flop circuit 26 inputs the first comparison signal S i output from the first comparison section 21 i and passed through the first one-shot circuit 23 to the S input terminal, and the second comparison section 2 enter the second comparison signal S 2 passed through the second one-shot circuit 2 3 2 is output from the 1 2 R input terminals, the first comparison signal S i and the second comparison signal S 2 their respective of levels An output signal that changes according to the change is output from each of the Q output terminal and the QB output terminal.
- the buffer amplifier 28 amplifies the signal output from the Q output terminal of the SR flip-flop circuit 26 and outputs the amplified signal to the counting unit 29.
- the counting unit 29 counts the number of pulses per unit time in the signal output from the buffer amplifier 28, and outputs the counted value as a digital value.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the first comparator unit 2 1 and the second comparing portion 2 1 2 each circuit.
- the comparing portion 2 1 shown in the figures are representative of the first comparator unit 2] ⁇ and a second comparing portion 2 1 2.
- the comparison section 21 is a p-channel CMOS transistor. ⁇ N-channel CMO S transistor T 2 1 ⁇ T 2 5, provided with a phase compensation capacitor C and a resistor R, which are connected as shown.
- Inverting input terminal ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is connected to the gate terminal of transistor ⁇ 14 And it is used to input voltage or V 2.
- the non-inverting input terminal P P is connected to the gate terminal of the tiger Njisuta 1 ⁇ 5, and inputs the reference voltage V ref.
- Output terminal P. Is connected to the drain terminals of the transistors ⁇ 13 , ⁇ 21 and ⁇ 24 and outputs the first comparison signal S or the second comparison signal S 2 .
- Bias input terminal P B, the transistors T 1] L ⁇ T 13 are connected to respective gate pin, is for setting the bias voltage for operating the comparing section 21.
- the control terminal P c is connected to the gate terminal of each of the transistors T 21 and T 25. By disconnecting or connecting the phase compensation capacitance element C, the operation mode of the comparator 21 (comparator mode / amplifier mode) It is for switching between.
- the power supply 1 terminal Vdd is for inputting the power supply 1 voltage.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first overvoltage preventing circuit 22 i and the second overvoltage preventing circuit 2 2 2 each circuit.
- the overvoltage protection circuit 2 2 shown in the figures are representative of the first overvoltage protection circuit 22 and the second overvoltage preventing circuit 22 2.
- a Schmitt trigger UU 2 which are connected as shown.
- bias input terminal P B, the transistors T ⁇ 3 33 are connected to respective gate Ichito terminal and the drain terminal of the transistor T 31, for setting a bias voltage for operating the overvoltage protection circuit 22 Things.
- Terminal ⁇ It is connected to, respectively its drain terminal of the gate terminal and the transistor T 50 of the transistor T 43, and is connected to the first output terminal of the comparator 23 ⁇ or the second comparing portion 21 2.
- bias input terminal ⁇ ⁇ is a terminal for providing the bias of the circuit.
- Terminal ⁇ . Is an input / output terminal.
- Terminal ⁇ . When There will or setting conductive on pressure or reaches the set voltage, forcing the terminal by the transistor T 5 0 [rho. Instantaneously goes to ground potential.
- Terminal ⁇ . The circuit in Figure 6 becomes safe when Set.
- Terminal P when stable. Is in the high impedance state and the terminal
- the power supply terminal v dd is for inputting a power supply voltage.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the I / F converter 20 according to the second embodiment.
- ( ⁇ ⁇ is a control signal for controlling the opening and closing operation of switch S
- [psi c 2 is a second comparator unit 2 1 2 control terminal P c is a control signal for switching the operation mode of the second comparing portion 2 1 2 type in.
- the control signal phi 2 for controlling opening and closing operations of the switch SW 2 is not shown, the control signal phi 1 level This is an inverted signal.
- the current output from the photodiode PD on which light is incident is input to the input terminal 20a of the 1 / F conversion device 20, and is multiplied by the current mirror circuit 24, and is switched from the current mirror circuit 24 to the switch SW. It is output to the SW 2.
- FIG. 8A shows the open / closed state of each switch and the connected state of each capacitance element in FIG. Time t.
- the Q output of the SR flip-flop circuit 26 is at a low level and the QB output is at a high level.
- the control signal ⁇ is at a low level, the switch is open, the control signal ⁇ 2 is at a high level, and the switch SW 2 is closed.
- the current output from the current mirror circuit 24 is It does not flow into the first comparator unit 2 1 i side, and flows into the second comparing portion 2 1 2 side.
- control signal phi is at low level, Suitsuchi SW" is opened, the control signal [psi 2 is at low level, switch SW 12 is opened Iteori, the control signal phi 13 a high level , switch sw 13 is closed, so that the first capacitive element is connected as a feedback capacitor between the inverting input terminal and output terminal of the first comparator unit 21 i.
- Control signal phi 31 is at low level, switch SW 31 is opened, the control signal phi 32 is at high level, switch SW 32 is closed, the control signal phi 33 is at low level, switch SW 33 is open, and as a result, the third capacitor C 3 is connected between the inverting input terminal of the first comparator 21 i and the ground potential, and is charged with the reference voltage V réelle f.
- the control signal (/) ' c i is at a high level, and the first comparator 21 i is in the amplifier mode.
- the first comparison signal Si output from the 1i output terminal is at a low level.
- the control signal ⁇ 41 is at low level, the switch SW 41 is open, the control signal ⁇ 42 is at high level, the switch SW 42 is closed, and the control signal ⁇ 43 is at low level, switch SW 43 is opened, as a result, the fourth capacitive element C 4, which is connected between the inverting input terminal and the ground potential of the second comparing portion 21 2, accumulates charges in accordance with the inflow current are doing. However, the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the second comparing portion 21 2 is less than the reference voltage V rei.
- the control signals phi C2 at low level, the second comparator unit 21 2 is comparator mode. Second comparison signal S 2 output from the second output terminal of the comparator 21 2 Ru high der.
- FIG. 8B shows the open / closed state of each switch and the connected state of each capacitance element after time t.
- the Tokii ij ti the control signal [psi 13 is turned to low level, switch SW 13 is opened, after which the first capacitive element holds the charge accumulated so far.
- Control signal phi 21 is turned to low level, switch SW 2 is opened, thereafter, the second capacitive element C 2 is released from the state where both ends are short-circuited.
- Control signal ⁇ i> C2 is turned to high level, the second comparator unit 21 2 is turned to the amplifier mode.
- connection state of open and closed states and each capacitive element of each Sui' switch after the time t 2 after a predetermined time has elapsed from the time t x is shown in Figure 8 C.
- the control signals [Phi 3 i is turned to a high level, switch SW 31 is closed, after which, the third capacitance element C 3 is a state in which both ends are short-circuited and discharged.
- the control signal C1 changes to a low level, and the first comparison unit 21 and the comparator mode change.
- the first comparison signal Si output from the output terminal of the first comparison unit 21 i turns to high level.
- connection state of open and closed states and each capacitive element of each Sui' Ji from time t 2 after the time t 3 after a predetermined time elapses is shown in Figure 9 A.
- the control signal phi 32 is turned to low level, switch SW 32 is opened, thereafter, the third capacitance element C 3 is the state where both ends are short-circuited, the first comparator unit 2 output terminal It is separated from.
- connection state of open and closed states and each capacitive element of each Sui' Ji from time t 3 after the time t 4 after a predetermined time elapses is shown in Figure 9 B.
- the control signal phi 12 is turned to a high level, switch SW 12 is closed, thereafter, the first capacitance element Ji E is between the inverting input terminal and the ground potential of the first comparing portion 21 Connected
- the voltage of the inverting input terminal of the first comparing unit 21 has a value corresponding to the amount of charge held by the first capacitive element at time t.
- connection state of open and closed states and each capacitive element of each Sui' Ji from time t 4 after the time t 5 after a predetermined time elapses is shown in Figure 9 C.
- the control signal phi 1 is turned to Haireberu
- switch SW is closed
- the control signal phi 2 turned to low level
- switch SW 2 opens
- the fourth capacitive element C 4 which has been continued so far Is completed.
- the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the second comparing portion 2 1 2 exceeds the reference voltage V rei.
- the current output from the current mirror first circuit 24, and flows into the first comparing portion 2 1 E side a first capacitor element accumulates charges according to the inflow current To go.
- connection state of open and closed states and each capacitive element of each Sui' Ji from time t 5 after the time t 6 after a predetermined time elapses it is shown in Figure 1 OA.
- the control signal phi 23 is turned to a high level, switch SW 23 is closed, thereafter, the second capacitive element C 2 is between the inverting input terminal of the second comparing portion 2 1 2 and the output terminal Connected to.
- the charge exceeding V rei moves to the second capacitive element C 2 as a feedback capacitive element.
- the charge transfer is required to best match the time to a second response speed of the comparator unit 2 1 2.
- the control signal phi 3 i is Ji rolling to a low level, switch SW 3 1 opens, after this, the third capacitive element C 3 is released from the state where both ends are short-circuited.
- the control signal phi 2 3 turned to low level, switch SW 2 3 is-out opening, thereafter, the second capacitive element C 2 holds the charge accumulated so far.
- the control signal changes to the high level, and the first comparison unit 21 changes to the amplifier mode.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B show the operating characteristics of the I / F converter 10 according to the first embodiment and the operating characteristics of the IZF converter 20 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. FIG. 11A is a graph showing the relationship between the input current value and the output frequency
- FIG. 11B is a duller showing the relationship between the input current value and the linearity.
- the change amount of the output frequency in the range of the input current value from 1 nA to 10 nA is represented as 1.
- the second embodiment achieves higher linearity with higher accuracy in a wider dynamic range.
- the IZF conversion device and the photodetection device according to the present invention can realize high linearity in input / output relationship with high accuracy over a wide dynamic range. It can be used as an IZF converter and a photodetector.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
- Analogue/Digital Conversion (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04730108A EP1619509A4 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | I / F IMPLEMENTATION DEVICE AND PHOTO DETECTION DEVICE |
KR1020057020439A KR101052398B1 (ko) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | Ι/f 변환 장치 및 광검출 장치 |
US10/554,697 US7812877B2 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | I/F conversion device and photo-detection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-124276 | 2003-04-28 | ||
JP2003124276A JP4234485B2 (ja) | 2003-04-28 | 2003-04-28 | I/f変換装置および光検出装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004097434A1 true WO2004097434A1 (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
Family
ID=33410159
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/006206 WO2004097434A1 (ja) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | I/f変換装置および光検出装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7812877B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1619509A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4234485B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101052398B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100443904C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004097434A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102680776A (zh) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-09-19 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | 一种宽量程微电流对数检测电路 |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4138708B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-12 | 2008-08-27 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光検出装置 |
JP5269286B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-12 | 2013-08-21 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光検出回路 |
WO2007043282A1 (ja) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-04-19 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | 電流検出回路およびそれを用いた受光装置、発光制御装置ならびにそれらを用いた電子機器 |
EP2138815B1 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2013-11-20 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co, Ltd. | Photometric device |
JP5501583B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-08 | 2014-05-21 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 光電変換装置、及び当該光電変換装置を具備する電子機器 |
JP5461094B2 (ja) | 2008-08-08 | 2014-04-02 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 光電変換装置、及び当該光電変換装置を具備する電子機器 |
US8106346B2 (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2012-01-31 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Photodetector |
CN102725961B (zh) * | 2010-01-15 | 2017-10-13 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 半导体器件和电子设备 |
US8384443B2 (en) | 2011-01-27 | 2013-02-26 | Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. | Current mirror and current cancellation circuit |
CN102662094B (zh) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-10-29 | 航天科工惯性技术有限公司 | 一种电流/频率转换电路的动态特性标定方法 |
JP6203549B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-27 | 2017-09-27 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
EP2851661B1 (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2021-12-15 | ams AG | Optical sensor arrangement and method for light sensing |
US9484944B2 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2016-11-01 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Current counting analog-to-digital converter for load current sensing including dynamically biased comparator |
CN104568146B (zh) * | 2015-01-09 | 2017-05-31 | 杭州士兰微电子股份有限公司 | 光强度检测电路及检测方法 |
CN106656118B (zh) * | 2016-09-28 | 2019-10-11 | 东软医疗系统股份有限公司 | 一种获取光子到达探测器时间的电路及探测器 |
JP6375423B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-08-15 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
US20210181242A1 (en) * | 2017-12-09 | 2021-06-17 | Dongguan Bang Bang Tang Electronic Technologies Co., Ltd. | Current sensor for biomedical measurements |
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CN85102705A (zh) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-09-17 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 电压——频率变换器 |
US4672236A (en) * | 1985-05-08 | 1987-06-09 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Voltage-to-frequency converter circuit |
JP2687473B2 (ja) * | 1988-08-31 | 1997-12-08 | 岩崎電気株式会社 | 光一周波数変換器 |
DE19945757A1 (de) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-03-29 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Röntgendetektor |
JP2002107428A (ja) * | 2000-10-03 | 2002-04-10 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 電流/周波数コンバータおよびこれを内蔵する充電電池並びに充電電池パック |
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- 2003-04-28 JP JP2003124276A patent/JP4234485B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-28 KR KR1020057020439A patent/KR101052398B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-04-28 WO PCT/JP2004/006206 patent/WO2004097434A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-04-28 EP EP04730108A patent/EP1619509A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-28 CN CNB2004800114384A patent/CN100443904C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-28 US US10/554,697 patent/US7812877B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPS4924459A (ja) * | 1972-06-27 | 1974-03-04 | ||
JPS56154673A (en) * | 1980-04-30 | 1981-11-30 | Toshiba Corp | Voltage-frequency converter |
JPS6415973U (ja) * | 1987-07-11 | 1989-01-26 | ||
US5614871A (en) | 1995-01-25 | 1997-03-25 | Nippon Precision Circuits Inc. | Voltage-controlled oscillator circuit |
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CN102680776A (zh) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-09-19 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | 一种宽量程微电流对数检测电路 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1781025A (zh) | 2006-05-31 |
JP2004325409A (ja) | 2004-11-18 |
CN100443904C (zh) | 2008-12-17 |
JP4234485B2 (ja) | 2009-03-04 |
KR20050122278A (ko) | 2005-12-28 |
US20060273830A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
EP1619509A1 (en) | 2006-01-25 |
KR101052398B1 (ko) | 2011-07-28 |
US7812877B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 |
EP1619509A4 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
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