WO2004094357A1 - 固体酸触媒を用いたエーテルの製造方法 - Google Patents
固体酸触媒を用いたエーテルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004094357A1 WO2004094357A1 PCT/JP2004/005724 JP2004005724W WO2004094357A1 WO 2004094357 A1 WO2004094357 A1 WO 2004094357A1 JP 2004005724 W JP2004005724 W JP 2004005724W WO 2004094357 A1 WO2004094357 A1 WO 2004094357A1
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- catalyst
- alcohol
- ether
- solid acid
- acid catalyst
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
- C07C41/09—Preparation of ethers by dehydration of compounds containing hydroxy groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an ether such as dimethyl ether using an alcohol such as methanol as a raw material.
- Ethers such as dimethyl ether (DME) have been noted as fuels.
- DME dimethyl ether
- JP-A-2002-193384 discloses a method for producing methanol using a synthesis gas obtained from natural gas as a raw material, and converting the methanol into a ⁇ -alumina catalyst ⁇ silica anoremina.
- a method for synthesizing dimethyl ether by contacting with a dehydration catalyst such as a catalyst is described. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide an ether synthesis method that allows the reaction to proceed in a short reaction time under a pressure of about normal pressure without heating the ether to a high temperature.
- the present inventor has found that the ether synthesis reaction can be carried out with high efficiency by bringing a solid acid catalyst exhibiting super strong acid properties into contact with an alcohol, preferably in a gas phase.
- the alcohol is brought into contact with the solid acid catalyst at a gas hourly space velocity of at least 150 hours, from the viewpoint of less deterioration of the catalyst.
- the alcohol has 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and the temperature at the time of contact between the alcohol and the solid acid catalyst is 100 ° C. or higher.
- the alcohol used as a raw material in the ether production method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic compound having an OH group, and particularly preferably has 1 to 2 carbon atoms, that is, methanol or ethanol.
- Examples of the ether to be synthesized include dimethyl ether, getyl ether, and methylethyl ether.
- Alcohol as a raw material may be diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or helium gas.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or helium gas.
- As the ether raw material it is preferable to use substantially only alcohol, and it is not preferable that the raw material contains olefin.
- a solid acid catalyst having properties of a super strong acid is used.
- the properties of the superacid are as follows: Hammett's acidity function Ho is preferably ⁇ 14 or less, particularly preferably 16 or less.
- the heat of adsorption of argon is preferably -20 kJ / mo1 or less, particularly preferably 130 kJ / o1 or less, more preferably 130 to 160 kJ / mo1 or less.
- the heat of adsorption of argon was measured by elevating the temperature of the object to be measured to 300 ° C while evacuating the object to vacuum, introducing argon at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, and measuring the amount of adsorption by the volumetric method.
- a solid acid catalyst in which a sulfate is supported on the surface of a crystalline metal oxide is preferable.
- the metal oxide a metal oxide containing one or more metals such as zirconium, hafnium, titanium, silicon, germanium, and tin can be used. It is preferable that the catalyst contains 20 to 72% by weight, particularly 30 to 60% by weight / 0 , as the weight of these metal elements.
- the sulfuric acid content is 0.7 to 7% by weight, preferably 1 to 6% by weight, particularly 2 to 5% by weight as elemental sulfur. If the sulfuric acid content is too high or too low, the catalytic activity decreases.
- Specific examples of such a catalyst include a nozirconia sulfate catalyst and a sulfuric acid Z oxide catalyst described below.
- the sulfuric acid / zirconia catalyst contains a zirconium (zirconium oxide) portion in which at least a part of the metal component of the metal oxide is zirconium, and contains a sulfuric acid component. You.
- the metal oxide is defined as including a hydrated metal oxide.
- the catalyst preferably contains aluminum oxide in an amount of 5 to 30% by weight, particularly 8 to 25% by weight in terms of aluminum element weight.
- the alumina portion is crystallized, and it is particularly preferable that the alumina portion is substantially composed of ⁇ -alumina.
- the method for producing the sulfuric acid-zirconia catalyst is not particularly limited, but one example is a hydrous zirconium oxide and / or zirconium oxide powder that is a precursor of zircoair (hereinafter referred to as “precursor powder”).
- precursor powder a hydrous zirconium oxide and / or zirconium oxide powder that is a precursor of zircoair
- a method is used in which a sulfur-containing compound is added to a powder of a palladium hydroxide, kneaded, molded, and fired. The following describes the method according to this method. The order of firing of the carrier, supporting of sulfuric acid, and the like can be appropriately changed. Further, the form of the sulfuric acid-zirconia catalyst may be a powder or a molded article.
- the metal component contains aluminum in addition to zirconium, and it is preferable to add an alumina hydrate such as boehmite to the zirconium precursor powder.
- the amount of zirconium added to the zirconia precursor powder should be such that the amount of zirconium in the finally obtained solid acid catalyst is 20 to 72% by weight, especially 30 to 60% by weight as the elemental weight of zirconium.
- the amount of aluminum component added is such that the amount of alumina in the catalyst is 5 to 30% by weight, particularly 8 to 25% by weight as the aluminum element weight.
- the sulfur-containing compound is a compound containing a sulfuric acid or a compound containing a sulfur that can be converted into a sulfuric acid by a subsequent treatment such as calcination.
- the sulfur-containing compound include sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, sulfurous acid, ammonium sulfite, thionyl chloride, and dimethyl sulfate.
- Sulfuric acid-containing compounds containing sulfuric acid are preferred. Ammonium sulfate and dimethyl sulfate are preferably used because they have low corrosiveness in production equipment. In particular, ammonium sulfate is most preferably used.
- the sulfur-containing compound is used as a solution such as an aqueous solution, and is brought into contact with the raw material powder.
- the amount of the sulfur-containing compound added is such that the amount of sulfuric acid occupying in the finally obtained solid acid catalyst is 0.7 to 7% by weight, preferably 1 to 6% by weight, particularly 2 to 6% by weight of elemental sulfur. Preferably, it is 5% by weight.
- the method of kneading is not particularly limited, and a kneading machine generally used for catalyst preparation can be used.
- a solvent such as water
- the mixture is mixed with a stirring blade is preferably used, but there is no particular limitation on the order of charging the raw materials and additives.
- water is usually added as the above solvent, but an organic solvent such as ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone may be added.
- the temperature and the kneading time during kneading vary depending on the zirconia precursor powder, alumina precursor powder, sulfur-containing compound, etc., which are the raw materials, but are not particularly limited as long as a preferable pore structure can be obtained.
- an acid such as nitric acid, a base such as ammonia, an organic compound, a metal salt, a ceramic fiber, a surfactant, zeolite, clay, and the like are added and kneaded. It does not matter.
- the molding method after the kneading is not particularly limited, and a molding method generally used for catalyst preparation can be used.
- extrusion molding using a screw type extruder or the like is preferably used because it can be efficiently molded into an arbitrary shape such as a pellet shape or a honeycomb shape.
- the size of the molded product is not particularly limited, but is usually formed to have a cross-sectional length of 0.5 to 2 O mm.
- a cylindrical pellet with a diameter of about 0.5 to 10 mm and a length of about 0.5 to 15 mm can be easily obtained.
- the firing after molding is performed in a gas atmosphere such as air or nitrogen, but it is particularly preferable to perform the firing in air.
- the firing temperature depends on the firing time, gas flow rate, etc. Although it varies depending on the forming conditions, it is generally from 400 to 900 ° C, preferably from 500 to 800 ° C.
- the calcination time varies depending on other calcination conditions such as the calcination temperature and the gas flow rate, but is generally preferably from 0.05 to 20 hours, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 10 hours, and more preferably from 0.2 to 5 hours.
- the sulfuric acid / tin oxide catalyst contains a tin oxide part in which at least a part of the metal component of the metal oxide is tin, and contains a sulfuric acid component.
- the metal oxide is defined as containing a hydrated metal oxide.
- the specific surface area of the catalyst is 1 0 0 m 2 g or more, particularly preferably 1 0 0-2 0 0 111 2 8.
- the method for producing the sulfuric acid tin oxide-based catalyst is not particularly limited.
- a production method in which a sulfur-containing compound is contained in tin oxide and then calcined can be used.
- the form of the sulfuric acid tin oxide-based catalyst may be a powder, a molded body, or a carrier formed of components other than tin oxide with tin oxide formed on the surface thereof.
- the sulfur-containing compound is a compound containing a sulfuric acid or a compound containing a sulfur that can be converted into a sulfuric acid by a subsequent treatment such as calcination.
- the sulfur-containing compound include sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, sulfurous acid, ammonium sulfite, thionyl chloride, and dimethyl sulfate.
- the sulfur-containing compound is brought into contact with tin oxide using a solution such as an aqueous solution.
- the amount of the tin oxide and the sulfur-containing compound added is 20 to 72% by weight, particularly 30 to 72% by weight, based on the weight of tin element in the final solid acid catalyst.
- the sulfuric acid content is preferably 0.7 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 9% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 8% by weight, as elemental sulfur.
- the sintering is performed in a gas atmosphere such as air or nitrogen. It is preferably carried out in The firing temperature varies depending on other firing conditions such as the firing time and the gas flow rate, but is generally 300 to 900 ° C, preferably 400 to 800 ° C. Although the firing time varies depending on other firing conditions such as the firing temperature and the gas flow rate, it is generally 0.05 to 20 hours, preferably 0.1 to 10 hours, and more preferably 0.2 to 5 hours.
- a solution containing organic acid ions, particularly carboxylate ions particularly an aqueous solution.
- an aqueous solution an aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid ammonium salt such as ammonium acetate or a carboxylic acid metal salt is preferably used.
- the ether production method of the present invention involves contacting an alcohol in a gaseous phase with a solid acid catalyst having superacidic properties to produce an ether by a dehydration reaction of the alcohol.
- the reaction is performed at a temperature such that the alcohol is in the gas phase.
- the reaction state may be diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas.
- the reaction may be performed in a state where the pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure, and usually 0.5 to 10 atm.
- the pressure can be controlled at a pressure of 0.3 to 0.3 MPa.
- a water-absorbing agent that absorbs water generated during the reaction may be used, but according to the present invention, it is not particularly necessary to use it.
- the reaction is carried out in a flow system, and the gas hourly space velocity of the alcohol as a raw material is at least 1,500 hours, preferably at least 3,000 hours, particularly preferably 5,000 to 500,000 hours.
- the temperature at the time of contact between the alcohol and the solid acid catalyst is preferably not less than 00 ° C, particularly preferably 105 to 300 ° C, and more preferably 120 to 240 ° C.
- a commercially available dried zirconium hydroxide powder having an average particle size of 1.5 / m was used as a hydrated zirconia powder.
- a commercially available pseudo-boehmite powder having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ was used as the hydrated alumina powder.
- 1860 g of the hydrous zirconia powder and 120 g of the hydrous anoremina powder were mixed, further added with 575 g of ammonium sulfate, and kneaded for 45 minutes while adding water with a kneader equipped with stirring blades.
- the obtained kneaded material was extruded from an extruder having a circular opening having a diameter of 1.6 mm to form a cylindrical pellet, and dried at 110 ° C. to obtain a dried pellet.
- a part of the dried pellet was calcined at 675 ° C for 1.5 hours to obtain a zirconium sulfate-based catalyst (hereinafter, also referred to as S
- This SZA was used by sizing a cylindrical shape having an average diameter of 1.4 mm and an average length of 4 mm obtained by firing to 16 to 24 mesh.
- the specific surface area of SZA was 158 m 2 / g, and the pore diameter was 0.002 ⁇ :
- the pore volume of L • // in was 0.3 lm l Zg.
- the median pore diameter in the range of 0.002 to 0.05 / m pore diameter of SZA was 5.5 nm.
- the heat of adsorption of argon was 124.3 kJ, mo1.
- the zirconia portion was substantially tetragonal zirconia.
- the amount of zirconia in the solid acid catalyst was 41.8% by weight of elemental zirconium, the amount of alumina was 15.7% by weight of elemental aluminum, and the amount of sulfuric acid was 3.09% by weight of elemental sulfur. .
- tin chloride S n C 1 4 ⁇ nH 2 0, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- 100 g was dissolved in water 3 L, the precipitate was formed by dropping ammonia water (25% concentration), pH 8 and became.
- the precipitate separated by filtration was dispersed in a 4% by weight aqueous solution of ammonium acetate, filtered again, and dried in air at 100 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a precursor 1.
- 4 g of the obtained Precursor 1 was brought into contact with 6 OmL of 6 N sulfuric acid for 1 hour, filtered, dried in air at 100 ° C for 2 hours, and calcined in air at 500 ° C for 3 hours.
- a sulfuric acid tin oxide catalyst 1 hereinafter, also referred to as STOL
- This STO 1 is in powder form, and the specific surface area of STO 1 is 1 3 Pore Diameter 0.002 ⁇ :
- the pore volume of L 0 ⁇ m was 0.1 lm l / g.
- STO l Fine The median pore diameter in the pore diameter range of 0.002 to 0.05 ⁇ was 3. 1 nm.
- the heat of adsorption of argon was -29.7 kJ / mo1.
- the tin oxide portion was substantially tetragonal tin oxide.
- the amount of tin oxide in the solid acid catalyst was 71.4% by weight as elemental tin, and the amount of sulfuric acid was 1.96% by weight as elemental sulfur.
- This MO-817 was in a powder form, had a specific surface area of 152 m 2 Zg, a pore volume of 0.002 to 10 / zm, and a pore volume of 0.1 lm 1 Zg.
- the median pore diameter in the range of 0.002 to 0.05 // m of the pore diameter of MO—817 was 2.8 nm.
- the heat of adsorption of argon was 131.0 kj / mo1.
- the tin oxide portion was substantially tetragonal tin oxide.
- the amount of tin oxide in the solid acid catalyst was 70.6% by weight of elemental tin and the amount of sulfuric acid was 2.44% by weight of elemental sulfur.
- 0.1 cm 3 (0.1 g) of these catalysts was charged into a fixed bed flow-through reactor having a vertical length of 10 cm and an inner diameter of 0.35 cm, and carrier gas of 58 m 1 / min. While methanol is flowing, methanol 1; u1 is introduced in a pulse form from the upper end of the reactor in 0.1 second, and the product at the lower end outlet is measured for the content of methanol and DME by gas chromatography and then transferred to the DME. Was determined. The introduction was performed 10 times, and the average value was measured. The gas space velocity of the alcohol in this case is 34800Zh. The reaction pressure was atmospheric pressure.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results. It can be seen that in the case of Experimental Examples 4 and 5 where the reaction temperature is 90 ° C when methanol is not in the gas phase, conversion to DME does not occur. 1 2 3 4 5 Catalyst SZA ST01 M0-817 ST01 M0-817 Reaction temperature (° c) 200 200 200 90 90.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7655818B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2010-02-02 | Arkema France | Process for dehydrating glycerol to acrolein |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5759825A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1982-04-10 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Manufacture of aliphatic ether |
JPH05140019A (ja) * | 1991-03-29 | 1993-06-08 | Texaco Chem Co | 硫酸化剤で処理した第iv族元素酸化物を用いるアルキル第三級アルキルエーテルの合成法 |
JPH0987222A (ja) * | 1995-09-20 | 1997-03-31 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | ジイソプロピルエーテルの製造法 |
JPH11158102A (ja) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-15 | Petroleum Energy Center Found | ジブチルエーテルの製造方法 |
JP2003073320A (ja) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-03-12 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | ジメチルエーテルの合成方法 |
-
2004
- 2004-04-21 WO PCT/JP2004/005724 patent/WO2004094357A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-04-21 JP JP2005505768A patent/JPWO2004094357A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5759825A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1982-04-10 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Manufacture of aliphatic ether |
JPH05140019A (ja) * | 1991-03-29 | 1993-06-08 | Texaco Chem Co | 硫酸化剤で処理した第iv族元素酸化物を用いるアルキル第三級アルキルエーテルの合成法 |
JPH0987222A (ja) * | 1995-09-20 | 1997-03-31 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | ジイソプロピルエーテルの製造法 |
JPH11158102A (ja) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-15 | Petroleum Energy Center Found | ジブチルエーテルの製造方法 |
JP2003073320A (ja) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-03-12 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | ジメチルエーテルの合成方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7655818B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2010-02-02 | Arkema France | Process for dehydrating glycerol to acrolein |
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