WO2004080714A1 - フォトクロミック積層体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
フォトクロミック積層体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004080714A1 WO2004080714A1 PCT/JP2004/003049 JP2004003049W WO2004080714A1 WO 2004080714 A1 WO2004080714 A1 WO 2004080714A1 JP 2004003049 W JP2004003049 W JP 2004003049W WO 2004080714 A1 WO2004080714 A1 WO 2004080714A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09D175/16—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds having terminal carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
- C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/72—Photosensitive compositions not covered by the groups G03C1/005 - G03C1/705
- G03C1/73—Photosensitive compositions not covered by the groups G03C1/005 - G03C1/705 containing organic compounds
- G03C1/733—Photosensitive compositions not covered by the groups G03C1/005 - G03C1/705 containing organic compounds with macromolecular compounds as photosensitive substances, e.g. photochromic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/08—Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
- C09K2211/1033—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom with oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1092—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing sulfur as the only heteroatom
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photochromic laminate and a method for producing the same.
- a coating layer having photochromic properties is formed on a photochromic laminate on a substrate surface such as a plastic lens.
- Photochromic glasses are designed so that when exposed to light containing ultraviolet rays such as sunlight, the lenses quickly become colored and function as sunglasses, and in indoors where such light is not irradiated, they fade and become transparent. These spectacles function as ordinary spectacles, and their demand has been increasing in recent years.
- an impregnation method As a method for producing a plastic lens having photochromic properties, an impregnation method, a coating method, and a kneading method are known.
- the impregnation method involves impregnating the surface of a plastic lens with a photochromic compound.
- the coating method involves coating a resin layer containing a photochromic compound (photochromic coating layer) on the surface of the plastic lens.
- a photochromic compound is dissolved in a monomer, and the monomer is polymerized in this state, thereby directly obtaining a lens having photochromic properties.
- the coating method has the advantage that it can easily impart photochromic properties to any substrate (lens) in principle, compared to the other two methods.
- the lens used as the base material must be soft so that the photochromic compound can easily diffuse, and in the kneading method, a special photochromic property is required in order to exhibit good photochromic properties.
- the coating method has no restrictions on such a substrate.
- the following methods (i) to (iv) are known as coating methods.
- the curable resin composition containing a photochromic compound used as a coating composition in this method is hereinafter referred to as a “photochromic coating agent”.
- a photochromic coating agent A method of applying a photochromic coating agent prepared by dissolving a photochromic compound in a resin composition to the surface of a lens and curing the same (see International Publication No. 98337115 pamphlet).
- a solution of a photochromic coating prepared by dissolving a photochromic compound in a polymerizable kagurimer composition combining a trifunctional, bifunctional, and polyfunctional radical polymerizable shimer is added to the lens surface. And hardening (Japanese Patent No. 5914174).
- a method of applying a photochromic coating agent comprising an N-alkoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, a catalyst (preferably an acidic catalyst) and a photochromic compound to a lens surface and heat curing See 47 pamphlet.
- these photochromic coating agents generally contain an organic solvent or a (meth) acrylic monomer, they can be applied to a substrate made of a three-dimensional crosslinkable resin having relatively high organic solvent resistance.
- a substrate made of a thermoplastic resin having no three-dimensional crosslinking for example, a substrate made of polycarbonate
- the optical characteristics of the substrate are deteriorated. That is, the application of such a photochromic coating agent causes whitening, swelling, or partial dissolution of the thermoplastic resin base material, thereby deteriorating the surface condition of the base material.
- a protective layer for example, a thermosetting silicon-based hard coat containing inorganic particles
- a photochromic coating agent on the surface of such a protective layer.
- the adhesion between the photochromic coating layer formed by applying the photochromic coating agent and the protective layer is low, and the durability is unsatisfactory. It is the present situation that it becomes. Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a photochromic coating layer having good adhesion on a translucent thermoplastic resin base material such as a plastic lens so that optical properties, photochromic properties, and durability are good.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a photochromic laminate and a method for producing the same.
- a substrate made of a translucent thermoplastic resin, and a crosslinked resin layer formed on the weakened surface of the substrate and containing inorganic colloid particles in an amount of 20 to 40% by mass And a photochromic coating layer formed on the surface of the crosslinked resin layer.
- the photochromic laminate was immersed in boiling water at 100 ° C for 1 hour, and then kept in an atmosphere at 20 ° C for 30 minutes, a cross-cut tape peel test (JISD 0202-1988)
- the peel strength between the photochromic coating layer and the crosslinked resin layer, which is determined again, is 95 Z 100 or more
- thermoplastic resin is a polycarbonate
- the base material is a lens
- Inorganic colloid particles having a radical polymerizable group introduced on the surface contain 20 to 40% by mass in terms of inorganic metal oxide, and non-solvent curable resin containing a polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomer A step of preparing a primer composition,
- a method for producing a photochromic laminate is provided. In the production method of the present invention,
- the surface of the primer coating layer in a semi-cured state is subjected to a surface treatment or a physical etching treatment for introducing an active ingredient, if necessary,
- the curable primer contains 5 to 60% by mass of a urethane oligomer
- the photochromic laminate of the present invention is manufactured by a coating method since the photochromic coating layer is formed via a Jie bridge resin layer containing a specific amount of inorganic colloid particles. However, it exhibits good photochromic properties without impairing the optical properties of the thermoplastic resin substrate.
- the thermoplastic resin is used by using a non-solvent-based curable primer composition containing a certain amount of inorganic chloride particles having a radically polymerizable group introduced on the surface and containing no organic solvent. Since the crosslinked resin layer is formed on the surface of the base material made of a thermoplastic resin, it is possible to effectively avoid a decrease in the optical characteristics of the base material made of a thermoplastic resin. Furthermore, a polymerizable photochromic composition (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as a photochromic composition) is applied in a state where the curable primer composition is semi-cured, and the curable primer composition is completely cured and the photomask is cured.
- a photochromic composition hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as a photochromic composition
- the photocoat coating layer can be formed with good adhesion. That is, the photochromic laminate of the present invention obtained by such a manufacturing method, when immersed in boiling water at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, and then kept in an atmosphere at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the peel strength between the photochromic coating layer and the crosslinked resin layer determined by a cross cut tape peel test (JISD 0202-1988) is 95/100 or more, particularly 9810 or more, The photochromic coating layer has high adhesion and excellent durability.
- the peel strength determined by the cross-cut peel test is indicated by the number of squares, which are not cut off by the adhesive tape, out of 100 square squares engraved on the surface of the laminate. The fact that the peel strength is 95/100 indicates that the 95 squares remain without peeling.
- the photochromic laminate of the present invention is, for example, a photochromic spectacle lens, PT / JP2004 / 003049
- the lens substrate is extremely useful as a polycarbonate photochromic spectacle lens. The best form to try
- the photochromic laminate of the present invention is prepared by preparing a curable primer composition for forming a crosslinked resin layer (curable primer preparation step), and forming a curable primer on the surface of a transparent thermoplastic resin base material.
- a primer coating layer composed of the composition is formed (primer coating layer forming step).
- the primer coating layer is semi-cured (semi-curing step), and the photochromic composition is applied on the semi-cured primer coating layer (photo) It is manufactured by performing a final curing step (final curing step).
- the curable primer composition used to form the crosslinked resin layer is a non-solvent system and is prepared without using any organic solvent. That is, by using a curable primer composition containing no organic solvent, deterioration of the surface of the thermoplastic resin base material can be avoided, and a decrease in optical characteristics can be prevented.
- the curable primer contains a difunctional or trifunctional or higher polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomer.
- R is an n-valent organic residue
- R ' is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- n is an integer from 2 to 4,
- a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate represented by the following formula is preferable.
- suitable groups as R include an n-valent aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a valence of 6 to 10 carbon atoms. These hydrocarbon groups include a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, It may have a substituent such as a carboxyl group or an acyloxy group.
- Specific examples of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate include the following compounds.
- Such polyfunctional (meth) acrylates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the thermoplastic resin base material and the photochromic coating layer can be used in combination. It is preferable to use two or more of them in terms of securing high adhesion to both.
- the following mixture is suitably used as the polyfunctional radically polymerizable monomer.
- the above-mentioned polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomer is preferably contained in the curable primer composition in an amount of 10 to 80% by mass.
- the curable primer composition is blended with colloid particles.
- inorganic colloid particles are inorganic particles having a colloidal size, and are hardened.
- a radical polymerizable group is introduced on the surface of the above-mentioned inorganic colloid particles.
- the isomer colloid particles can be uniformly and stably dispersed in the curable primer composition, and the curable primer composition is cured.
- inorganic colloid particles function as cross-linking points and are present in a state of being chemically bonded to the matrix resin having a bridge structure. It shows an excellent protection effect on thermoplastic resin substrates.
- the introduction of the radical polymerizable group onto the surface of the inorganic colloid particles may be performed by using a radical polymerizable group (specifically, a radical polymerizable group copolymerizable with the polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomer. , (Meth) acryloyl group ⁇ vinyl group, etc.), and is easily carried out by surface-treating the inorganic colloid particles using a coupling agent having the same.
- a radical polymerizable group specifically, a radical polymerizable group copolymerizable with the polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomer. , (Meth) acryloyl group ⁇ vinyl group, etc.
- Such a coupling agent is an alkoxide of a metal constituting the inorganic colloid particles, which binds to the surface of the inorganic colloid particles by hydrolysis and condensation reaction.
- a metal constituting the inorganic colloid particles which binds to the surface of the inorganic colloid particles by hydrolysis and condensation reaction.
- colloidal silica when colloidal silica is used as the inorganic colloid particles, The following silane compound (silyl acrylate) having a (meth) acrylate group is preferably used.
- CH 2 C CH 3 CO 2 -CH 2 CH 2 One Si (OCH 3 ) 3
- the above coupling agents are usually surface treated It is used in an amount of 5 to 50 parts by mass, particularly 15 to 35 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the colloidal particles. Also, this The surface treatment (introduction of a radical polymerizable group) of the surface of the inorganic colloid particles with such a coupling agent may be performed in a semi-curing step described below. In this case, the curable primer composition contains The coupling agent and the inorganic colloid particles exist in the form of a mixture.
- the above-mentioned non-colloidal particles having the radical polymerizable particles introduced on the surface thereof are converted into metal oxides (including a metal element in a coupling agent) of the colloid particles, which are 20 to 50% in terms of oxides. It is incorporated into the curable primer composition in an amount of 40 % by weight, especially 25 to 35% by weight. If the amount of the non-aqueous colloidal particles is less than this range, the protective effect of the formed crosslinked resin layer will be reduced, and disadvantages such as a decrease in the optical properties of the thermoplastic resin base material will occur.
- the inorganic colloid particles are added in a larger amount than the above range, the chemical stability of the crosslinked resin layer is unnecessarily enhanced, but the crosslinked resin layer and the photochromic coating formed thereon Adhesion with the layer is impaired. For example, even if a treatment or the like for introducing an active group to the surface of the crosslinked resin layer is performed, the adhesion to the photochromic coating layer cannot be enhanced.
- the photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited, but ketones such as benzophenone, diethoxyacetophenone, acetophenone, benzyl, benzaldehyde, ⁇ -clonal benzaldehyde, xanthone, thioxanthone, and 9,10-phenantrequinone.
- ketones such as benzophenone, diethoxyacetophenone, acetophenone, benzyl, benzaldehyde, ⁇ -clonal benzaldehyde, xanthone, thioxanthone, and 9,10-phenantrequinone.
- a photopolymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator containing a phosphorus atom such as acylphosphine and diacylphosphine can be suitably used.
- photopolymerization initiator examples include benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin butyl ether, benzophenol, acetophenone, 4,4'-dichloromouth benzophenone, ethoxyacetophenone, and 2-hydroxy-12.
- the amount of such a photopolymerization initiator is preferably in the range of about 0.2 to 5% by mass based on the total weight of the curable primer composition.
- thermal polymerization initiator as described in the photochromic composition described later together with the above-mentioned prepolymerization initiator.
- the amount of the thermal polymerization initiator is the same as in the case of the photopolymerization initiator.
- the adhesion between the crosslinked resin layer and the photochromic coating layer can be further increased.
- the urethane oligomer those used as a coating material for providing a flexible film can be used.
- a (meth) acrylate esterified fat having a urethane segment and a (meth) acryl segment is particularly preferable.
- Urethanes for example, polyurethanes obtained by reacting a polyurethane having pendant hydroxyl groups with isocyanatoethyl methacrylate: hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 2,4-trienediisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate Urethane acrylate obtained by reacting chill or the like; and the like can be suitably used.
- a urethane oligomer desirably has a number average molecular weight of about 200 to 500,000, and is preferably blended in the curable primer composition in a range of 5 to 60% by weight.
- urethane oligomers belong to the above-mentioned (A) polyfunctional radically polymerizable monomers of urethane acrylates such as urethane oligomer tetraacrylate, urethane oligomer hexamethacrylate, and urethane oligomer hexacrylate, What is necessary is just to mix
- an ultraviolet absorber or an antioxidant can be added to increase the durability of the crosslinked resin layer, and a reppelling agent is added to increase the smoothness of the coating film.
- a curable primer composition is used. It can be incorporated in an amount of 5 to 10% by weight.
- the antioxidant known compounds such as hindered amine and hindered phenol can be used.
- the repelling agent a known agent such as a silicone type, a fluorine type, an acrylic type, or a vinyl type can be used.
- the curable primer composition ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ used in the present invention is prepared by uniformly mixing the above-mentioned components, and includes an inorganic colloid particle having a radical polymerizable group on the surface and a polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomer. And non-solvent-based ones, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-99757, US Patent No. 4,486,504,
- Abrasion resistance of substrate films disclosed in Japanese Patent Nos. 4,477,876, etc. are commercially available as coating agents for improving weather resistance and as silicone hard coats.
- a photo-curable hard coat agent “UVHC8558”, “UVHC1105”, etc., manufactured by GE Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd. can also be used as the curable primer composition.
- the above-mentioned urethane oligomer is not blended in these commercially available products or the coating agents shown in the prior art documents, it is desirable to additionally use the urethane oligomer.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-99757, US Patent No. 4,486,504, US Patent No. 4,478,876 Does not disclose the formation of a photochromic coating layer on the layer formed by these coating agents, nor does it show any adhesion at that time.
- the above-mentioned curable primer composition is applied to the surface of a translucent thermoplastic resin base material to form a primer coating layer.
- the application means is not particularly limited, and a known method such as dipping, spin coating, dip spin coating, or the like can be employed.
- this curable primer composition has photocurability, It is preferable to adopt a spin coating method in order to avoid long-term storage under the conditions where the temperature can be met. That is, in the spin coating method, coating can be performed using only a necessary amount of the curable primer composition, and use of a large amount of the curable primer more than the necessary amount can be avoided.
- a transparent thermoplastic resin base material to which the curable primer composition is applied may be a transparent heat-resistant material such as a (meth) acrylic resin or a polycarbonate resin. PT / JP2004 / 003049
- the substrate is made of a plastic resin
- optical materials such as plastic spectacle lenses and windows of houses and automobiles can be used without any limitation.
- (meth) acrylic resin or polycarbonate resin lenses, particularly polycarbonate and oily lenses are preferably used from the viewpoint of high demand for imparting photochromic properties. Is done.
- the amount of the curable primer composition to be applied (the thickness of the primer coating layer) is adjusted so that the thickness of the crosslinked resin layer formed by completely curing the composition falls within a predetermined ffi range described later. Adjusted.
- the surface of the substrate is subjected to a pretreatment so that the cross-linking formed by curing the surface of the substrate and the curable primer composition (primer coating layer). Adhesion with the resin layer can be improved.
- pretreatment includes chemical treatment with a basic aqueous solution or an acidic aqueous solution, plasma treatment using atmospheric pressure plasma and low pressure plasma, corona discharge treatment, flame treatment,
- UV ozone treatment and the like can be mentioned.
- Such pretreatment is to enhance the adhesion to the crosslinked resin layer by introducing an active group such as a carbonyl group into the surface of the base material. Further, such pretreatment can be performed by physical etching (for example, polishing treatment using an abrasive). Thereby, the surface area of the base material surface is increased, and the anchor effect is enhanced by making the base material surface rough, thereby improving the adhesion to the crosslinked resin layer.
- the primer coating layer is semi-cured by photopolymerization in an environment where dust, humidity or temperature is controlled and, if necessary, in an environment where the atmosphere is replaced with an inert gas.
- the degree of semi-curing is such that the polymerization rate of the monomer in the primer coating layer is in the range of 70 to 97%, preferably 80 to 95%.
- a polycarbonate lens having a crosslinked resin layer was immersed in methylene chloride for 2 days to extract a vermillion reaction monomer from the crosslinked resin layer, Identify and quantify the extracted monomers using gas chromatography and liquid high-performance chromatography, determine the total amount of unreacted monomers, and calculate using the following formula.
- the weight (g) of the monomer before polymerization applied on the lens is, if the curing proceeds more than necessary, the adhesion between the crosslinked resin layer and the photochromic coating layer formed on it will be reduced. If it is damaged or insufficiently cured, the protective effect is insufficient. In the following process, when the photochromic composition is applied on this layer, the surface of the substrate becomes whitened and swells. Etc., and the optical characteristics are impaired. In addition, it becomes difficult to apply the photochromic composition uniformly, and the photochromic coating layer tends to have uneven thickness.
- Light irradiation for semi-curing of the primer coating layer is performed with a metal halide lamp, ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, high pressure mercury lamp, medium pressure mercury lamp, sterilizing lamp, xenon lamp, carbon arc, tungsten lamp, etc. This is performed using a lamp or an electrodeless lamp.
- the intensity of the irradiation light is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of preventing deformation and discoloration of the substrate due to radiant heat,
- the curing time is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 5 seconds to 3 minutes.
- the semi-cured primer coating layer formed in this manner has high solvent resistance and effectively suppresses whitening and swelling of the surface of the thermoplastic resin base material during application of the photomask coating agent. And exhibits excellent adhesion to a photochromic coating layer obtained by curing the photochromic composition.
- a polymerizable photochromic composition (photochromic polymer) is applied onto the semi-cured primer coating layer, but if necessary, prior to the application of the photochromic composition, the polymerizable photochromic composition may be applied.
- the surface of the cured primer coating layer can be pre-treated. This pretreatment is the same as the pretreatment of the substrate surface described above.
- a chemical treatment with a basic aqueous solution or an acidic aqueous solution, plasma treatment using atmospheric pressure plasma, low pressure plasma, etc., corona discharge treatment, flame treatment, UV ozone treatment, etc. to introduce active groups to the surface, or an abrasive
- the effect of the anchor is enhanced by physical etching such as polishing treatment using a metal.
- any known photochromic composition can be used without particular limitation.
- the photochromic properties, the optical properties, and the solvent resistance and scratch resistance of the photochromic coating layer formed by curing the photochromic properties and optical properties From the viewpoint of adhesion and adhesion, a radical polymerizable monomer having a silanol group or a group capable of forming a silanol group by hydrolysis (hereinafter, referred to as a silanol monoradical polymerizable monomer), an amine compound and
- the composition contains a photochromic compound, and the photochromic composition further contains a radical polymerizable monomer containing a maleimide group (maleimide-radical polymerizable monomer). It is preferable to further improve the adhesiveness by blending such a maleimide-radical polymerizable monomer. It is possible.
- Silanol monoradical polymerizable monomers include r-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, "T-methacryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane, r-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, (3-acryloyloxypropyl) ) Dimethyl methoxy silane, (3-acryloyloxy lip) methyl dimethoxy silane, (3- acryloyl oxypropyl) trimethoxy silane, (methacryloyl oxymethyl) dimethyl ethoxy silane, methacryloyl oxy methyl tri Examples include ethoxysilane, methacryloyloxymethyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloyloxypropyldimethylethoxysilane, and methacryloyloxypropyldimethylmethoxysilane.
- the amount is not particularly limited, in the photochromic composition, from 0.5
- maleimide radical polymerizable monomers 4,4'-diphenylmethane bis-maleimide, bis (3-ethyl-5-methyl-14-maleidophenyl) methane, 2,2-bis [4- (4-maleimi Dophenoxy) phenyle] propane, m-maleimidopenzyl-1N-hydroxysuccinimide ester succinimidyl-1 41 (N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1 JP2004 / 003049
- the amount of the monomer is not particularly limited, in the photochromic group Narubutsu, 0.0 5 to 1 5 mass 0/0, that are contained in particular from 0.1 to 1 0 the amount of mass% Good.
- radical polymerizable monomers other than the above-mentioned silanol monoradical polymerizable monomer and maleimide-radical polymerizable monomer may be contained.
- examples include trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylol methane trimethacrylate, tetramethylol tantriacrylate, trimethylolpropane triethylene glycol triacrylate, and pen erythri I.
- Examples of the amine compound to be contained in the photochromic composition include triethanolamine, N-methyljetanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-ethylethylethyl. Metaacrylate can be used.
- the amount of the amine compound used is not particularly limited, it is preferably contained in the photochromic composition in a content of 0.01 to 15% by mass, particularly 0.1 to 10% by mass. This amine compound is considered to play a role as a catalyst for generating the aforementioned silanol group, and as a result, has a function of further improving the adhesion between the crosslinked resin layer and the photochromic layer. ing.
- photochromic compounds naphthovirane derivatives, chromene Conductors, spirooxazine derivatives, spiropyran derivatives, fulgimide derivatives and the like can be used.
- the amount of the photochromic compound used is not particularly limited, but it is preferably contained in the photochromic composition in the range of 0.1 to 30% by mass, particularly 1 to 10% by mass.
- a photopolymerization initiator or a thermal polymerization initiator is blended in the photochromic composition according to the kind of the radical dimer used.
- the photopolymerization initiator those incorporated in the above-mentioned curable primer composition can be suitably used.
- the thermal polymerization initiator benzoyl peroxide, p-clos benzoyl peroxide, ert Peroxide such as ert 1-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, ter ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1-butyl peroxydiene phenol, er er peroxide such as butyl peroxy isopropyl isobutylate, diisopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, etc.
- Borazo compounds such as azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile, tributylborane, tributylborane partial oxide, sodium tetraphenylborate, sodium tetrakis ( ⁇ -fluorophenyl) borate, potassium tetrakis ( ⁇ -chlorophenyl) borate are mentioned.
- These polymerization initiators vary depending on the type thereof, but are usually contained in the photochromic composition in a range of 0.01 to 5% by mass / 0 , particularly 0.1 to 2% by mass. Is good.
- the photochromic composition preferably further contains a coupling agent such as a silane coupling agent, thereby further improving the adhesion between the crosslinked resin layer and the photochromic coating layer.
- a coupling agent such as a silane coupling agent
- Examples of such a coupling agent include an alkoxysilane compound having an epoxy group, more specifically, r-glucidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, or r-glycidoxypropyl pyrmethyldimethoxysilane or a curable primer composition.
- the compounds exemplified in the above section can be used, and silane coupling agents are particularly preferable.
- the content of the coupling agent in the photomix composition is preferably 0.1 to 20% 3:%, and more preferably 0.5% to "! %%.
- the content of each of the components is set as described above.
- the viscosity is adjusted by adjusting the viscosity within the specified range.
- the viscosity at 25 ° C is 20-1 OOO cP, especially 50-800 cP, and even 70-500 cP.
- the thickness of the photochromic coating layer obtained by curing the photochromic composition is 10 to 100 ⁇ m, especially 20 to 100 m. It is applied to a thickness of up to 50 jWm.
- the coating agent for hard coat, etc. that is generally applied to plastic lenses contains a solvent etc.
- the viscosity at 25 mm is usually 5 cP or less. Yes, and the thickness of the resulting coating layer is also a few / lm or less. Therefore, the photochromic composition used in the present invention has higher viscosity as compared with such a coating agent, and the thickness of the obtained photochromic coating layer is very large.
- the means for applying the photochromic composition is not particularly limited, and any known method can be applied without any limitation.
- methods such as spin coating, spray coating, date coating, and dip-spin coating can be employed. .
- a photochromic coating layer is formed by polymerization and curing of the photochromic composition.
- a curing method As a curing method, a light curing method or a heat curing method is appropriately employed depending on the kind of the radical polymerization initiator blended in the photochromic composition. From the viewpoint of the physical properties and appearance of the resulting coat film and the complete curing of the primer coating layer, it is recommended to use a method of curing by irradiation with light using a photopolymerization initiator and then heating to complete the curing. Is preferred. Therefore, in this case, It is desirable to use a photopolymerization initiator and a thermal polymerization initiator together as a polymerization initiator in the photochromic composition.
- Light sources used for photocuring include metal halide lamps, ultra-high pressure mercury lamps, high pressure mercury lamps, medium pressure mercury lamps, germicidal lamps, xenon lamps, carbon lamps, electrode lamps such as tungsten lamps, and electrodeless lamps. Can be used. An electron beam may be used as a light source. In this case, the photochromic composition can be cured without adding a photopolymerization initiator.
- thermosetting method examples include a method of applying heat in a polymerization furnace to perform thermal polymerization, a method of irradiating infrared rays in a polymerization furnace and performing polymerization and curing, and the like.
- thermosetting it is necessary to set the polymerization temperature to a temperature at which the base material does not thermally deform (for example, 130 ° C or less).
- the final curing of the primer coating layer in a semi-cured state and the polymerization curing of the photochromic composition are performed at the same time, whereby the entanglement of polymer molecules between the crosslinked resin layer and the photochromic coating layer is achieved.
- a chemical bond is formed, and as a result, the adhesion between the two layers can be significantly increased.
- the photochromic laminate obtained by the above-described method comprises a photochromic coating layer formed on a base material made of a translucent thermoplastic resin represented by a (meth) acrylic resin or a polycarbonate resin via a crosslinked resin layer. It has a laminated structure in which is formed.
- the crosslinked resin layer interposed between the substrate and the photochromic layer contains 20 to 40% by mass, particularly 25 to 35% by mass of inorganic colloid particles, and usually has a thickness of 20 to 40% by mass. Is within the range of 0.1 to 20 m, preferably 0.5 to 15 m, and more preferably "! To 5 im.
- the photochromic coating layer is formed with the crosslinked resin layer interposed therebetween. In addition, the whitening and swelling of the substrate surface are suppressed, the optical characteristics of the substrate are prevented from deteriorating, and the excellent translucency of the substrate is not impaired at all.
- the cross-linking resin layer has extremely high security effect, and the deterioration of the substrate surface that occurs when applying the photochromic composition is ensured. Is suppressed.
- the chemical bond between the inorganic colloid particles and the resin component can be confirmed, for example, by observing the interface state between the two on the fracture surface of the crosslinked resin layer by an electron microscope. If no chemical bond is formed, the surface of the inorganic colloid particles is exposed as it is, and the phase separation structure is reconsidered, but if a chemical bond is formed, the surface of the inorganic colloid particles becomes A structure that is covered with resin and is compatible with other resin components without phase separation is observed.
- the photochromic coating layer formed on the crosslinked resin layer usually has a thickness of 10 to "0 O jW m, particularly 20 to 50 ⁇ rn, and
- the photochromic compound contains a photochromic compound, and exhibits photochromic properties such that a color is formed into a predetermined color by irradiation with ultraviolet light or the like by forming such a layer, and the color is faded when light irradiation is stopped.
- the laminate has extremely high adhesion between the photochromic coating layer and the crosslinked resin layer as shown in the examples described later. For example, after immersing this laminate in boiling water at 100 ° C.
- the peel strength between the photochromic coating layer and the crosslinked resin layer determined by the cross-cut tape peel test is 95 X 100 or more, especially Accordingly, the photochromic laminate has excellent durability and exhibits photochromic properties over a long period of time.
- the photochromic laminate of the present invention uses, for example, a lens as a base material, and can be directly used for applications such as photomicroscopic eyeglass lenses.
- a hard coat layer By coating with a hard coat layer, scratch resistance can be improved.
- Known hard coat layers can be used without any limitation, and include a silane coupling agent and a hard coat agent mainly composed of a sol of an oxide such as silicon, zirconium, antimony, or aluminum. And the like, and those obtained by applying and curing a hard coat agent containing an organic polymer as a main component.
- a hard coat agent containing a silyl monomer sufficient adhesion can be obtained more firmly and easily.
- Polyester oligomer hexaacrylate manufactured by Daicel U.S.C.
- a polycarbonate lens substrate was used as a lens substrate.
- GE Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd. photocurable hard coat agent IFUVHC1105J (colloidal silica content: 30% by weight) is used as a curable primer composition (primer liquid) on the surface of the base material.
- m was spin-coated using a MIK AS A spin coater 1H-DX2. Thereafter, a 12 OW metal halide lamp was irradiated in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 minutes to be semi-cured, thereby producing a lens substrate having a semi-cured primer coating layer having a colloidal silicide content of 30% by mass.
- the physical properties of the primer coating layer were evaluated by the following methods.
- the lens substrate having the semi-cured primer coating layer was immersed in methylene chloride for 2 days to extract unreacted monomers from the primer coating layer.
- the extracted monomers were identified and quantified using gas chromatography and liquid high-performance chromatography, and the total amount of unreacted monomers was determined.
- the polymerization rate was calculated from the following equation.
- the resulting polymerization rate was 90%.
- the surface was treated using a multi-dyne corona treatment device manufactured by Navitas as a pretreatment of the primer coating layer.
- BP E 1 OZA- 400ZTMP TZ EB 183 OZGMA which is a radical polymerizable monomer
- a mixture of radically polymerizable monomers was prepared, and 100 parts by weight of the mixture was 2.35 parts by weight of a photochromic compound (A) having a structure represented by the following formula.
- 0.6 parts by weight of the photochromic compound (B) having the formula (1) and 0.4 parts by weight of the photochromic compound (C) having the structure represented by the following formula were added and mixed well.
- Approximately 2 g of the thus-prepared oral photocatalyst composition was applied to the surface of a lens substrate having a semi-cured primer-coating layer using a spin coater 1H-DX2 manufactured by MIK AS A. Spin coated.
- the lens substrate the surface of which is coated with the output 1 2 OmW / cm 2 ⁇ metal halide lamp in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and irradiated for 3 minutes, the incubator further 1 30 ° C after curing the coating
- a photochromic coating layer was obtained.
- the primer coating layer in a semi-cured state is also finally cured to form a crosslinked resin layer, A photolithic laminate was produced.
- the thickness of the obtained photochromic coating layer can be adjusted by the conditions of spin coating. In this example, the thickness of the photomix coating layer was adjusted to be 40 ⁇ 1 m.
- the physical properties (appearance opacity and adhesion) of the photochromic coating layer on the surface of the photochromic laminate (surface of the Jie bridge resin layer) thus obtained were evaluated by the following methods.
- the evaluation of the appearance of the photochromic laminate in which the photochromic coating layer was formed on the surface of the poly-lithographic lens substrate via the Ji-hashi resin layer was performed by irradiating the lens substrate with a projector. The projection plane was observed and evaluated. The evaluation criteria are shown below.
- the lens substrate was visually inspected for turbidity.
- the evaluation criteria were classified into the following items.
- Table 1 shows the composition and semi-curing conditions of the curable primer composition (primer liquid) used for forming the crosslinked resin layer in Example 1, and shows the composition and pretreatment of the photochromic composition used. The conditions are shown in Table 2.
- Table 2 shows the polymerization rate of the primer coating layer, primer coating layer and photochromic coating layer (photochromic layer) Table 3 shows the results of the physical property evaluations for.
- Example 2 shows the composition and semi-curing conditions of the curable primer composition (primer liquid) used for forming the crosslinked resin layer in Example 1, and shows the composition and pretreatment of the photochromic composition used. The conditions are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 shows the composition and semi-curing conditions of the curable primer composition (primer liquid) used for forming the crosslinked resin layer in Example 1, and shows the composition and pretreatment of the photochromic composition used. The conditions are shown in
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the primer liquid was changed to 6E Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd., a photocurable hard coat agent fUVHC8558J manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd. Then, a photochromic coating layer was formed on the surface of the lens substrate with a resin layer interposed therebetween to produce a photochromic laminate. This laminate was evaluated for physical properties in the same manner as in Example 1.
- composition of the curable primer composition and the semi-curing conditions are shown in Table 1
- composition of the photocatalyst composition and the pretreatment conditions are shown in Table 2
- polymerization rate of the primer coating layer, the primer coating layer and Table 3 shows the results of the physical property evaluation of the layers.
- Photochromic lamination was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the curable primer composition and the curing conditions were as shown in Table 1 and the photochromic agent was as shown in Table 2. The body was made. The same physical property evaluation as in Example 1 was performed on this laminate.
- composition of the curable primer composition and the semi-curing conditions are shown in Table 1
- composition of the photochromic agent composition and the pretreatment conditions are shown in Table 2
- polymerization rate of the primer coating layer, the primer coating layer and Table 3 shows the results of evaluation of the physical properties of the mouth layer. Comparative Example 1
- thermosetting hard coating agent “SG1274” silicon content: 50% by weight
- silica colloidal sol and alkoxysilane was used as a primer solution.
- the composition was applied to the surface of the polycarbonate lens substrate used in Example 1 and cured at 110 ° C. for 1 hour to form a primer coating layer having a colloidal silica content of 50% by weight.
- a photochromic coating layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a photochromic coating layer. In the same manner as in Example 1, various physical properties were evaluated. (For the photochromic coating layer, the appearance was evaluated as X and the adhesion was evaluated as X.)
- composition of the curable primer composition and the semi-curing conditions are shown in Table 1
- composition of the photocatalyst composition and the pretreatment conditions are shown in Table 2
- polymerization rate of the primer coating layer, primer coating layer and The results of the physical property evaluation of the photocoque layer are shown in Line 3. Comparative Example 2
- Example 1 without forming the primer coating layer, a photochromic coating layer was formed directly on the surface of the poly-polypropylene lens substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a photochromic laminate.
- the physical properties of the mouth coating layer (photochromic layer) were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 3. The appearance was white and the adhesion was X. Comparative Examples 3 and 4
- Photomix mixing was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the curable primer composition having the composition shown in Table 1 and curing conditions were changed to the photochromic agent having the composition shown in Table 2.
- the body was made. This laminate was evaluated for physical properties in the same manner as in Example 1.
- composition of the curable primer composition and the semi-curing conditions are shown in Table 1
- composition of the photocatalyst composition and the pretreatment conditions are shown in Table 2
- polymerization rate of the primer coating layer, the primer coating layer and Table 3 shows the results of the physical property evaluation of the layers.
- a photochromic coating layer is formed by a coating method on a substrate having a surface made of a translucent thermoplastic resin without deteriorating the optical characteristics of the substrate, thereby improving photochromic properties. Can be granted. Moreover, the substrate and the photochromic coating layer can be firmly adhered. Further, the photochromic laminate of the present invention has excellent characteristics such as good optical properties, photochromic properties, and good adhesion between layers, and can be suitably used, for example, as a photochromic spectacle lens.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Optical Filters (AREA)
- Eyeglasses (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Optical Elements (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP20040718743 EP1612042B1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-09 | Photochromic multilayer body and method for producing same |
US10/547,316 US20060263607A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-09 | Photochromic multilayer body and method for producing same |
AT04718743T ATE507968T1 (de) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-09 | Photochromer mehrschichtkörper und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
AU2004220183A AU2004220183B9 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-09 | Photochromic multilayer body and method for producing same |
DE200460032528 DE602004032528D1 (de) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-09 | Photochromer mehrschichtkörper und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2003062756 | 2003-03-10 | ||
JP2003-062756 | 2003-03-10 |
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WO2004080714A1 true WO2004080714A1 (ja) | 2004-09-23 |
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PCT/JP2004/003049 WO2004080714A1 (ja) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-09 | フォトクロミック積層体及びその製造方法 |
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US (1) | US20060263607A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1612042B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4578562B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE507968T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004220183B9 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004032528D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2365613T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004080714A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150205020A1 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2015-07-23 | Tokuyama Corporation | Process for producing photochromic optical articles |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2005091055A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-29 | Tokuyama Corporation | フォトクロミック性光学物品及びその製造方法 |
WO2006106756A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | 光学積層体 |
CN101375187B (zh) | 2006-01-24 | 2010-08-04 | 德山株式会社 | 光致变色光学基材 |
JP5217744B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-02 | 2013-06-19 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 反射防止フィルム及び反射防止フィルムの製造方法 |
DE102008000721A1 (de) | 2008-03-18 | 2009-09-24 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Strahlenhärtbare Formulierungen |
JP2014084360A (ja) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-05-12 | Toagosei Co Ltd | 活性エネルギー線硬化型アンダーコート用組成物及び積層体 |
WO2015005391A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-15 | 株式会社トクヤマ | フォトクロミック硬化性組成物 |
KR102590498B1 (ko) * | 2016-02-19 | 2023-10-19 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 플렉서블 표시장치, 윈도우 부재의 제조방법 및 하드 코팅 조성물 |
US11168223B2 (en) | 2017-09-28 | 2021-11-09 | Sdc Technologies, Inc. | Photochromic article |
JP2020165024A (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 株式会社ニデック | フォトクロミック樹脂体の製造方法及び機能付加用基体の製造方法 |
CN111944394B (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-10-08 | 湖南松井新材料股份有限公司 | 一种手感光变uv固化涂料及其制备方法、应用 |
GB2625055A (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2024-06-12 | Ujett Ltd | Coated optical substrates |
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- 2004-03-09 WO PCT/JP2004/003049 patent/WO2004080714A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-03-09 DE DE200460032528 patent/DE602004032528D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-09 AT AT04718743T patent/ATE507968T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-09 EP EP20040718743 patent/EP1612042B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-09 ES ES04718743T patent/ES2365613T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-09 AU AU2004220183A patent/AU2004220183B9/en not_active Expired
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4578562B2 (ja) | 2010-11-10 |
EP1612042A4 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
AU2004220183B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
JP2010033069A (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
EP1612042B1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
EP1612042A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
ATE507968T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
ES2365613T3 (es) | 2011-10-07 |
DE602004032528D1 (de) | 2011-06-16 |
AU2004220183B9 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
AU2004220183A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
US20060263607A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
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