WO2004078842A1 - 含フッ素ポリマー液状組成物、オルガノゾル製造方法、膜及び燃料電池 - Google Patents
含フッ素ポリマー液状組成物、オルガノゾル製造方法、膜及び燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004078842A1 WO2004078842A1 PCT/JP2004/002609 JP2004002609W WO2004078842A1 WO 2004078842 A1 WO2004078842 A1 WO 2004078842A1 JP 2004002609 W JP2004002609 W JP 2004002609W WO 2004078842 A1 WO2004078842 A1 WO 2004078842A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2237—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing fluorine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- Fluoropolymer liquid composition method for producing organosol, membrane, and fuel cell
- the present invention relates to a fluoropolymer liquid composition.
- Fluoropolymers having sulfonic acid groups or carboxyl groups that may form salts are used as materials for ion exchange membranes such as salt electrolysis and water electrolysis.
- acid-type groups sulfonic acid groups or carboxyl groups
- it has attracted attention as a material for various sensor protective films, element films for gas dehumidification, especially proton conductive membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells and membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs). .
- fluoropolymers having an acid-acid salt type group are considered to be cast into a film or formed into a film by impregnating a porous support and used. It is desired to obtain a film having a large area.
- a powder of a fluoropolymer obtained by coagulating and drying an aqueous dispersion of a fluoropolymer having 1 SO 2 F can be used. and, there is a further method of converting from Peretsuto like obtained from the powder to form a film-like molded body, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof an S0 2 F by leaving the hydrolysis of membrane-like molded body.
- this method has a problem that a thin film cannot be obtained because a cast film cannot be formed or a porous support is impregnated, and it is difficult to obtain a dense thin film.
- this method has a problem that the film forming property of the organosol is poor. There is no description about a film-forming auxiliary.
- Dispersions containing particles of highly fluorinated ion-exchange polymers with sulfonic acid acid salt groups and about 25% by weight of the particles are 2-30 nm in size are known (eg, See Japanese Translation of PCT International Publication No. 2001-504872.
- the disparge described in this document tends to have a high viscosity, and has a problem that productivity during cast film formation is poor.
- a solution or an aqueous dispersion of the fluoropolymer obtained by polymerizing the fluorine-containing monomer having the acid salt type group is used.
- a film forming aid is added with a thiophilic substance such as polyethylene dalicol to form a cast film (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-226425).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a film of a fluorine-containing polymer which is excellent in film-forming properties and has a sulfonic acid group and an acid-acid salt type group of a sulfonic acid group or a sulfoxyl group in view of the above-mentioned situation.
- One object is to provide a liquid composition.
- the present invention is a fluoropolymer liquid composition comprising a fluoropolymer and a film-forming auxiliary, wherein the fluoropolymer is represented by the following general formula (I)
- Y 1 represents a halogen atom or a perfluoroalkyl group.
- N represents an integer of 0 to 3
- n Y 1 s may be the same or different
- Y 2 represents a halogen atom
- m represents an integer of 1 to 5
- m m of Y 2 may be the same or different
- a 1 is one SOnX 1 or one Represents COOZ 1 .
- X 1 is one OH, one OH
- R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkyl group or a sulfol-containing group.
- Z 1 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 7 , R 8, R 9 and R 1 Q are the same or different, Wakashi hydrogen atom Or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- M 1 and M 2 each represent an L-valent metal, and the L-valent metal is a metal belonging to Group 1, Group 2, Group 4, Group 8, Group 11, Group 12, or Group 13 of the periodic table. It is. ).
- the film-forming auxiliary is compatible with water, has a boiling point of more than 100 ° C, and has a boiling point of more than 30 ° C.
- An organic liquid wherein the fluorine-containing polymer liquid composition is a fluorine-containing polymer dispersion composition comprising the fluorine-containing polymer fine particles made of the fluorine-containing polymer and the film-forming auxiliary,
- the fluoropolymer fine particle is a fluoropolymer liquid composition characterized in that it contains 25% by mass or more of substantially spherical fluoropolymer spherical fine particles.
- the present invention provides an organosol production method for obtaining the above-mentioned fluoropolymer liquid composition from a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion in which fine particles of a fluoropolymer are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium, the method comprising: And a film-forming auxiliary, followed by water evaporation.
- the present invention is a film obtained by performing cast film formation using the above-mentioned fluoropolymer liquid composition.
- the present invention is a membrane obtained by impregnating a porous support with the above-mentioned fluoropolymer liquid composition and then removing the liquid medium.
- the present invention relates to an active substance fixed body comprising a fluoropolymer and an active substance, which is obtained by applying the above fluoropolymer liquid composition and a liquid composition comprising the active substance to a substrate.
- An active substance fixed body characterized in that:
- the present invention is an electrolyte membrane having the active substance fixed body.
- the present invention provides a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the above electrolyte membrane.
- the present invention provides the above-mentioned membrane, the above-mentioned active substance fixed body, the above-mentioned electrolyte membrane, and / or the above-mentioned membrane.
- -A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising an electrode assembly.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a photograph taken by an atomic force microscope of a coating film of the emulsion polymer dispersion obtained in Example 1 (4)
- FIG. 1 (b) is a photograph taken in Example 1 (4)
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of the obtained coating film of the fluorine-containing polymer aqueous dispersion taken by an atomic force microscope
- (c) shows a coating film of the fluorine-containing polymer dispersion composition obtained in Example 1 (4). Is a photograph taken with an atomic force microscope.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention comprises a fluoropolymer and a film-forming auxiliary.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention is applied to a substrate, dried at room temperature and / or under heating, and then immersed in water as needed to form a film. It is suitable for producing a membrane by impregnating a porous support.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention is usually a liquid composition, and contains a fluoropolymer fine particle composed of a fluoropolymer dispersed in a dispersion medium composed of an aqueous dispersion medium, an organic medium or the like. It is a fluoropolymer dispersion composition.
- the “fluorinated polymer liquid composition” is a concept including not only the liquid composition but also a part of which is a gel.
- the fluoropolymer comprises an acid-acid salt type fluorinyl ether unit represented by the general formula (I).
- the “acid / acid salt type fluorovinyl ether unit” is a part of the molecular structure of the fluorine-containing polymer, and is derived from a fluorine-containing vinyl ether derivative or an acid salt-type fluorovinyl ether derivative described below. It is the part that does.
- the “acidic acid-type fluorovinyl ether unit” is an acid-type fluorovinylether unit having an acid-type group or an acid-type fluorovinyl ether unit having an acid-type group.
- the "acid type group” a sulfonic acid group, one SO s X 1 of X 1 Gar NR 5 R 6 in which groups of A 1 in the general formula (I), And a carboxylic acid group
- the “acid salt type group” means a sulfonic acid group forming a salt and a carboxyl group forming a salt.
- the acid salt type group may be ionized due to the liquid property of the fluoropolymer liquid composition.
- the acid type group is preferably a sulfonic acid group
- the acid salt type group is preferably a sulfonic acid group forming an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt.
- the acid-phosphate type fluororubier ether unit may be derived from one or more monomers.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer may be one in which an acid-type fluorobutyl ether unit and an acid salt-type fluorobutyl ether unit coexist in one molecule.
- a fluorine-containing polymer composed of an acid-type fluorovinyl ether unit and a fluorine-containing polymer composed of an acid salt-type fluorovinyl ether unit may be used in combination.
- the fluoropolymer fine particles may be one in which a fluoropolymer composed of an acid-type fluorobutyl ether unit and a fluoropolymer composed of an acid salt-type fluorobutyl ether unit are present in one particle.
- the acid-acid salt type fluorovinyl ether unit represents an integer of n i 0 to 3 in the general formula (I).
- the above ⁇ is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0.
- M in the above general formula (I) represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- the above m is preferably 2.
- Y 1 represents a halogen atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, and n Y 1 s may be the same or different.
- Y 2 represents a halogen atom, and m Y 2 s may be the same or different.
- the halogen atom for Y 1 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, any one of a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and is preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.
- the perfluoroalkyl group is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a trifluoromethyl group and a pentafluoroethyl group.
- the halogen atom of the Y 2, the Y 1 halogen atom and those same can be mentioned.
- the above Y 1 is trifluoromethyl It is preferably a tyl group, and Y 2 is preferably a fluorine atom.
- a 1 in the general formula (I) represents one SOzX 1 or —COOZ 1 .
- X 1 represents one OH, one ONRiRSRSR 4 —N R 5 R 6 or one OM 1
- I 1 , RR 3 and the same or different represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and may be any of a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group.
- 1 ⁇ 5 and 16 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkyl group or a sulfoel-containing group.
- alkali metal of the R 5 and R 6, for example, L i, N a, K , C s , and the like. It is not particularly limited constant as the above alkyl groups R 5 and R 6, for example, include alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group of R 5 and R 6 may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- the sulfonyl-containing group is a fluorine-containing alkyl group having a sulfonyl group, for example, a fluorine-containing alkylsulfonyl group optionally having a substituent at the terminal, and the like.
- the El group for example, -S0 2 R f J Q ( R f 1 represents a fluorine-containing alkylene group, Q is an organic group.), and the like.
- Is the above organic group for example, include one S0 2 F, one S OsX 1 in A 1 of the general formula (I), when the X 1 is an NR 5 R 6, one S0 2 (NR 5 S0 2 R f ' SOg) k NR 5 S0 2 - (k represents an integer of 1 or more.) may one connected indefinitely as.
- Z 1 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 7 , R 8, R 9 and R 1 0 are the same or different
- a hydrogen atom or a carbon number 1 to 4 represents an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in is not particularly limited, and includes the same as the alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in R 2 , R 3 and R 4 .
- M 1 and M 2 represent L-valent metals, and the L-valent metal is a metal belonging to Group 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 12 or 13 of the Periodic Table. is there.
- the above L-valent metal is not particularly limited.
- Group 1 of the periodic table includes Li, Na, K, Cs, and the like.
- Group 2 of the periodic table includes Mg, Ca, and the like.
- the 4th group of the periodic table includes A1 and the like; the 8th group of the periodic table includes Fe and the like; the 11th group of the periodic table includes Cu and Ag, and the periodic table.
- a 1 is preferably one SOsX 1 .
- Y 1 in the above general formula (I) is a trifluoromethyl group
- Y 2 is a fluorine atom
- n is 0 Or 1 and m is preferably 2.
- Y 1 is a trifluoromethyl group
- Y 2 is a fluorine atom
- n is 0, and m is 2
- the fluorine-containing polymer is preferably a binary or more copolymer composed of the acid-acid salt type fluorobutyl ether unit and an ethylenic monomer unit derived from an ethylenic monomer.
- the ethylenic monomer has a vinyl group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted by fluorine atoms.
- the “ethylene monomer” does not include a fluorovinyl ether derivative or an acid salt type fluorovinyl ether derivative described below.
- ethylenic monomer examples include the following general formula
- R f 2 represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, one R f 3 or one OR f 3
- R f 3 is a straight chain which may have ether oxygen having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- Y 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom
- Y 4 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, one R f 4 or -.
- OR 1 R f 4 is 1 to carbon atoms 9 represents a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group optionally having oxygen; and a hydrogen-containing fluoroethylenic monomer represented by the following formula:
- the above-mentioned ethylenic monomer may be any other copolymerizable monomer other than the above-mentioned halothylene monomer and hydrogen-containing fluoroethylene monomer.
- the other copolymerizable monomer is not particularly limited as long as it can impart various functions to the fluorine-containing polymer. Examples thereof include control of polymerization rate, control of polymer composition, and mechanical properties such as elastic modulus. Control of physical properties, introduction of crosslinking sites, etc.
- a monomer having two or more unsaturated bonds, such as a perfluorinated ether, or a monomer containing a cyano group is appropriately selected from copolymerizable monomers. It is preferable that the above-mentioned ethylene monomer unit derived from the above-mentioned other copolymerizable monomer has a fluorine-containing polymer within a range not impairing its basic performance.
- the ethylenic monomer unit may be derived from one or more ethylenic monomers.
- the full O b vinyl ether is preferably R f 5 is a par full O b alkyl group 1-3 carbon atoms.
- the fluorine-containing polymer preferably contains 10 to 20 mol% of the acid / acid salt type fluorobutyl ether unit. If it is less than 10 mole 0/0, the performance of proton such as transportation of the film formed from fluoropolymer liquid composition is obtained colleagues make low may. Ru, more than 20 mol%, the mechanical membrane The strength may be insufficient.
- the “content of acid / acid salt-type fluorovinyl ether units” refers to the acid / acid salt-type fluorovinyl ether units in the total number of moles of the monomer derived from the monomer units in the fluorine-containing polymer molecule. Is the ratio of the number of moles of the monomer derived therefrom.
- the “all monomer units” are all of the moieties derived from monomers in the molecular structure of the fluoropolymer. The “monomer from which all the monomer units are derived” is, therefore, the total amount of the monomers that constitute the fluoropolymer.
- the content of the above-mentioned acid perfluorocarbon ether unit is a value obtained by using infrared absorption spectrum analysis [IR] or melt NMR at 300 ° C.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer is preferably 1 to 60% by mass of the fluoropolymer liquid composition. When the content is less than 1% by mass, a film is formed from the fluoropolymer liquid composition. When preparing a film, the film thickness obtained by one application is small, and it may be necessary to apply the film several times to obtain a desired film thickness. If it exceeds 60% by mass, the fluorine-containing polymer one-liquid composition may be so chewy that it may be difficult to obtain a uniform film. A more preferred lower limit is 5% by mass, and a more preferred upper limit is 15% by mass.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned fluoropolymer and a film-forming auxiliary.
- the film-forming auxiliary is compatible with water.
- Water in the term “compatible with water” may be one that is generally recognized as “water” in the field of the present invention.
- water in a mixture with a water-soluble organic solvent or the like may be used.
- ion-exchanged water but pure water is preferred.
- the film-forming auxiliary may be completely compatible with water at any mixing ratio when mixed with water, or may be at least partially compatible with water.
- the above “compatible with water” means having a solubility of 1% by mass or more in water.
- the film-forming auxiliary has a boiling point of more than 100 ° C. and not more than 300 ° C. When the temperature is 10 ° C. or less, the boiling point is usually the same as or lower than that of water.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention is obtained by the below-described organosol production method in which a film-forming auxiliary is added to the dispersion and then water is evaporated, the aqueous dispersion medium is removed while the film-forming auxiliary is left. I can't.
- the temperature exceeds 300 ° C., when it is necessary to remove the film-forming auxiliary from the film formed using the obtained liquid composition, it is difficult to remove the film-forming auxiliary.
- a preferred lower limit of the boiling point of the film-forming auxiliary is 150 ° C, and a preferred upper limit is 250 ° C.
- the film-forming auxiliary is an organic liquid.
- the “organic liquid” means an organic compound which is liquid at a normal temperature of about 20 ° C.
- the organic liquid is not particularly limited as long as it is compatible with water and has a boiling point of more than 100 ° C and not more than 300 ° C, but the surface of the fluorine-containing polymer particles is not particularly limited. It is preferable that the organic liquid has a function of swelling or partially dissolving the compound.
- Examples of the organic liquid having such a function include a phosphate ester, a cyclic amide or a cyclic amide derivative, Imidazolidinone or imidazolidinone derivatives, monohydroxy ether of ethyleneoxydoligomeric, dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO], dimethylformamide [DMF], 1,4-dioxane, trioxane, isophorone, cyclohexanone, sulfolane; glycerin dimethyl ether, etc. And a glycerin derivative having one or two hydroxyl groups in the molecule thereof.
- the phosphate ester is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a phosphate triester of phosphoric acid with an alcohol having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- examples of the phosphate triester include trimethinol phosphate, Triethyl acid and the like.
- the cyclic amide or cyclic amide derivative is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include pyrrolidone in which a hydrogen atom may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- pyrrolidone examples include: 2-methylpyrrolidone and the like.
- the imidazolidinone or imidazolidinone derivative is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include imidazolidinone in which a hydrogen atom may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Examples of such imidazolidinone include 3, 4 -Dimethyl imidazolidinone and the like.
- the monohydroxy ether of the ethylene oxide oligomer is not particularly limited, but a molecule formed by ether-bonding 2 to 10 ethylene oxide adducts and one alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferred. preferable.
- the addition number of the ethylene oxide is an average value of the ethylene oxide oligomer as an aggregate of monohydroxy ether molecules.
- Examples of the monohydroxy ether of the ethylene oxide oligomer include a monoalkynyl ether of diethylene glycol and a monoalkyl ether of triethylene glycol, and such a monomethyl ether of diethylene glycol. And monomethyl ether of triethylene glycolone.
- the “film-forming auxiliary” is a concept that does not include a “lower alcohol” described later among organic liquids that are compatible with water and have a boiling point within the above range.
- auxiliary agents can be used.
- organic liquid examples include a phosphate ester, a cyclic amide or a cyclic amide derivative, Monohydroxy ether of ethylene oxide oligomer is preferred, ester phosphate is more preferred, phosphate triester is still more preferred, and triethyl phosphate is particularly preferred.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention is preferably composed of a lower alcohol together with the fluoropolymer and the film-forming auxiliary.
- the lower alcohol can be used for adjusting the surface tension of the fluoropolymer liquid composition.
- the lower alcohol is a monoalcohol having 5 or less carbon atoms.
- the monoalcohol having 5 or less carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may be substituted by a linear or branched fluorine atom.
- the above-mentioned alkynol preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of such alkanols include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and tetrafluoropropanol. Examples of the above tetrafluoropropanol include 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol. Oropropanol.
- One or more of the lower alcohols can be used.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention is a fluoropolymer dispersion composition comprising fluoropolymer fine particles composed of a fluoropolymer and a film-forming auxiliary.
- the “fluorinated polymer dispersion composition” is a dispersion in which the fluorinated polymer fine particles are dispersed as a dispersoid in a dispersion medium composed of an aqueous dispersion medium, an organic medium, or the like. This is a concept that includes those in which a part of the fluoropolymer fine particles is dissolved.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention further contains the lower alcohol, the fluoropolymer dispersion composition has the lower alcohol in the dispersion medium.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention is the above fluoropolymer dispersion composition and contains the above-mentioned film-forming auxiliary
- the film-forming auxiliary is adsorbed on the surface of the fluoropolymer fine particles during film formation. It is considered that the swelling or partial dissolution causes the fluorine-containing polymer fine particles to blend into each other and to be welded to each other.
- the interaction between the film forming aid and the fluoropolymer fine particles is not Although it is not possible to observe by visual observation, when the obtained film is photographed with an atomic force microscope (AFM) described below, swelling of the polymer particles and welding between the polymer particles are recognized as shown in Fig. 1 (c).
- AFM atomic force microscope
- the fluoropolymer fine particles are swollen even in the liquid state.
- the film-forming auxiliary has some effect on the fluoropolymer fine particles.
- the film-forming auxiliary only functions as a drying retarder during film formation, and although cracking tends to be reduced by stress relaxation due to surface drying delay, Since the polymer particles were not welded to each other, the resulting film had insufficient crack resistance on the surface of the film, resulting in poor physical properties such as strength.
- the fluorine-containing polymer fine particles contain at least 25% by mass of substantially spherical fluorine-containing polymer fine particles.
- the expression “including 25% by mass or more of the fluorine-containing polymer fine particles” means that 25% by mass or more of the fluorine-containing polymer fine particles are fluorine-containing polymer spherical fine particles.
- the particle shape of the above-mentioned fluoropolymer fine particles can be determined based on an aspect ratio.
- the term “substantially spherical” means that the aspect ratio is 3 or less. Normally, the closer the aspect ratio is to 1, the closer to a sphere.
- the fluoropolymer particles preferably have an aspect ratio of 3 or less. A more preferred upper limit is 2, and a still more preferred upper limit is 1.5.
- the dispersion of the polymer particles tends to have a high viscosity, and when the dispersion of the polymer particles has a high viscosity, the concentration of the polymer particles in the dispersion increases. It is not preferable because it becomes difficult to perform the operation.
- the fluoropolymer fine particles contain at least 25% by mass of substantially spherical fluoropolymer spherical fine particles, the viscosity of the fluoropolymer dispersion composition is substantially reduced. It is possible to lower the solid content concentration of the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion composition as compared with the case where spherical fine particles are not contained.
- the fluoropolymer fine particles preferably contain 50% by mass or more of fluoropolymer spherical fine particles.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion composition having the content of the fluoropolymer spherical fine particles within the above range can be easily obtained by preparing the dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization. From the dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization, those having 90% by mass or more of fluorine-containing polymer spherical fine particles can be obtained.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion composition is obtained by blending a substantially non-spherical fluoropolymer fine particle with a composition having a relatively high content of fluoropolymer spherical microparticles. It is also possible to make adjustments so as to exhibit the corresponding performance.
- the mass ratio of the fluorine-containing polymer spherical fine particles is determined from the ratio of the fluorine-containing spherical fine particles contained in the image of the fluorine-containing polymer fine particles obtained by a scanning or transmission electron microscope, an atomic force microscope, or the like. It is a value obtained by converting the mass of the polymer spherical fine particles.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer fine particles preferably have an average particle diameter of 10 nm or more. If it is less than 10 nm, when the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion composition is used as an electrode material for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell described later, the active site is covered, and good cell characteristics cannot be obtained. There are cases.
- the upper limit is set to, for example, 300 nm from the viewpoint of the stability of the fluoropolymer dispersion composition and the ease of producing a fluoropolymer precursor described below. However, even if it exceeds 300 nm, it does not significantly affect battery characteristics.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer fine particles have an average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm.
- a more preferred lower limit of the average particle size is 30 nm, and a more preferred upper limit is 160 nm.
- the above-mentioned aspect ratio and average particle diameter are obtained by observing the above-mentioned fluoropolymer fine particles with a scanning or transmission electron microscope, an atomic force microscope, etc.
- the ratio of the major axis and minor axis lengths (major axis and minor axis) measured for the fine particles described above was obtained as the above aspect ratio and the average value of the major axis and minor axis lengths as the average particle diameter described later, respectively.
- the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer dispersion yarn composition contains 25% by mass or more of fluorine-containing spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 10 nm or more among the fluorine-containing polymer fine particles.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion composition contains, among the fluoropolymer fine particles, 25% by mass or more of fluorine-containing spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion composition contains at least 25% by mass or more of fluorinated spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 30 to 160 nm among the fluorinated polymer fine particles.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention is preferably a dispersion obtained by blending a film-forming auxiliary with an aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion in which microparticles of the fluoropolymer are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- the above “dispersion obtained by blending a film-forming auxiliary” is obtained by blending a film-forming auxiliary with an aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion in which fine particles of a fluoropolymer are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- the aqueous dispersion medium in the fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion and the film-forming auxiliary compounded in the fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion are directly used as the “dispersion obtained by mixing the film-forming auxiliary”. It becomes a dispersion medium in.
- the “dispersion obtained by blending the film-forming auxiliary” is usually a mixture of the aqueous dispersion medium and the film-forming auxiliary, since the film-forming auxiliary is compatible with water as described above. Are uniform liquids.
- the “dispersion obtained by blending a film-forming auxiliary” is one in which the fluoropolymer fine particles are dispersed in such a dispersion medium.
- the film-forming auxiliary is preferably 10 to 99% by mass of the total mass of the film-forming auxiliary and the aqueous dispersion medium. . If the amount is less than 10% by mass, the film-forming properties of the obtained fluoropolymer liquid composition may be insufficient.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention further contains a lower alcohol.
- the above-mentioned “dispersion obtained by blending a film-forming auxiliary” refers to an aqueous dispersion of a fluoropolymer in which fine particles of a fluoropolymer are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium, and a film-forming auxiliary and a lower alcohol.
- the aqueous dispersion medium, the film-forming auxiliary and the lower alcohol are usually formed into a uniform liquid, and are preferably obtained by mixing the film-forming auxiliary. It is a dispersion medium in the “dispersion”.
- the “fluorinated polymer aqueous dispersion” is a dispersion in which the fluorinated polymer fine particles are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium and means before a film-forming auxiliary is blended. .
- the fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion it is preferred that the concentration of the fluorine-containing polymer one particle is 2-6 0 weight 0/0. A more preferred upper limit is 30% by mass.
- the aqueous dispersion medium in the fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion, and the aqueous dispersion medium in the “dispersion obtained by blending a film-forming auxiliary” are water-soluble organic solvents together with water, provided that they are composed of water. May be used.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion composition is preferably an organosol in which fluoropolymer fine particles are dispersed in an organic medium.
- the “organosol” is a sol composed of fluoropolymer fine particles and an organic medium, wherein the fluoropolymer fine particles are dispersed in the organic medium.
- the organosol is preferably obtained by removing the aqueous dispersion medium from the “dispersion obtained by blending a film-forming auxiliary”.
- the organic medium is an organosol obtained by removing the aqueous dispersing medium from the “dispersion obtained by blending the film-forming auxiliary”, and comprises the film-forming auxiliary.
- the organic medium further contains water or does not contain water, and the water is preferably 10% by mass or less of the organic medium. A more preferred upper limit is 5% by mass. It is preferable that the organic medium does not contain water from the viewpoint of excellent uniformity of a film formed from the obtained organosol.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention further contains a lower alcohol
- the organic medium comprises a film-forming aid and a lower alcohol.
- the fluorine-containing polymer liquid composition of the present invention contains a stabilizer which is usually used in a liquid composition. And the like.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention is a fluorine-containing polymer dispersion thread and a dispersion in which the fluoropolymer fine particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium comprising an aqueous dispersion medium
- the liquid composition further comprises an aqueous dispersion. It may have a commonly used surfactant.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention the above-mentioned organosol having a water content of 10% by mass or less of the organic medium is preferable because of excellent film-forming properties.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention can be prepared by a known method or the like.
- the film-forming auxiliary is one in which 0.1 to L00 parts by mass is blended with respect to 1 part by mass of the fluoropolymer.
- the amount is less than 0.1 part by mass, when a film is formed using the obtained fluorine-containing polymer liquid composition, the film-forming property may be insufficient. If it exceeds 100 parts by mass, it is difficult to obtain an effect corresponding to the compounding amount, which is not economically preferable.
- a more preferred lower limit is 0.5 parts by mass, and a more preferred upper limit is 20 parts by mass.
- the blending amount of the film-forming auxiliary can be appropriately selected depending on the ratio of the acid-type group and the salt-type group contained in the fluoropolymer and the film-forming conditions.
- the fluorine-containing polymer is a fluorine-containing polymer containing a relatively large amount of an acid-type group or a salt-type group
- the compounding amount of the above-mentioned film-forming auxiliary can be obtained even if the amount is relatively small. It is preferable that the polymer liquid composition has good film-forming properties and the amount is small in order to reduce the burden on the environment.It should be 0.1 to 1 part by mass per 1 part by mass of the fluoropolymer. Is preferred.
- fluorine-containing polymer containing a relatively large amount of an acid group / acid salt group refers to a fluorine-containing polymer having a molecular weight of less than 900 per acid group / acid salt group. Means one.
- the blending amount of the film-forming auxiliary is to obtain a uniform film using the obtained fluoropolymer liquid composition. Therefore, it is necessary that the amount is relatively large, and it is preferably 3 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the fluoropolymer.
- the “fluorine-containing polymer having relatively few acid-type groups and acid-type groups” refers to a fluorine-containing polymer having a molecular weight of 900 or more per acid-type group and acid-type group. means.
- the blending amount of the film-forming auxiliary is preferably relatively small from the viewpoint of industrial productivity, and is preferably 0.1 to 1 part by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the fluoropolymer. preferable.
- the blending amount of the film-forming auxiliary is preferably relatively large in view of physical properties such as film-forming properties and uniformity of the obtained film, and is preferably 3 to 2 parts per 1 part by mass of the fluoropolymer. It is preferably 0 parts by mass.
- the fluorine-containing polymer liquid composition of the present invention may be gelled by blending a film-forming aid, but can be again solified by dilution with an aqueous medium such as water.
- the fluorine-containing polymer liquid composition of the present invention further contains a lower alcohol
- the lower alcohol is blended in an amount of 0.5 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the fluoropolymer.
- the surface tension of the fluoropolymer liquid composition can be reduced by blending the lower alcohol in an amount within the above range to form a uniform film. be able to.
- the order of blending the film-forming auxiliary and the lower alcohol is not particularly limited, and after blending the film-forming aid, A lower alcohol may be blended, or a lower alcohol may be blended followed by a film-forming auxiliary.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention is an organosol in which the fluoropolymer fine particles are dispersed in an organic medium, it is preferably obtained by the following organosol production method.
- the method for producing an organosol according to the present invention comprises a fluoropolymer dispersion composition in which fluoropolymer fine particles are dispersed in an organic medium from a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion in which the fluoropolymer particles are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- a method for obtaining a water-soluble polymer comprising mixing the above-mentioned aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and a film-forming auxiliary, followed by evaporating water.
- the “water evaporation” refers to evaporating water in an aqueous dispersion medium of a dispersion obtained by blending a film-forming auxiliary with an aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion.
- the water evaporation can be performed using an evaporator, and the evaporator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a rotary evaporator.
- the water evaporation can be performed at room temperature, it is preferable to heat the composition comprising the aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and a film-forming auxiliary to 50 to 300 ° C. May be performed under reduced pressure according to the conditions.
- the fluoropolymer fine particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium composed of the aqueous dispersion medium and the film-forming auxiliary, and the dispersion obtained by blending the film-forming auxiliary described above.
- the water having a lower boiling point than the film-forming auxiliary can be removed while the film-forming auxiliary remains.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention is obtained by blending a film-forming aid with the above-mentioned fluoropolymer, and the above-mentioned fluoropolymer is obtained by the following method. Is preferred.
- the fluorine-containing polymer has the following general formula (II)
- CF 2 CF-0- (C FzC FY 1 — O) n — (CFY 2 ) m — A 2 (II)
- Y 1 represents a halogen atom or a perfluoroalkyl group.
- ⁇ represents an integer of 0 to 3, and ⁇ ⁇ 1 may be the same or different .
- Upsilon 2 represents a halogen atom.
- m represents an integer of 1 to 5, m number of Y 2 are the same derconnection may be different may.
- a 2 is one S 0 2 X 2 or 1 represents CO 2
- X 2 represents a halogen atom
- Z 2 represents an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- halogen atom in the above X 2 for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, may be either bromine or iodine atom, preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom.
- the alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of Z 2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably an n-alkoxyl group, more preferably a methoxy group.
- the one SO 2 X 2 is an S_ ⁇ 2 F, is set to the one COZ 2, is preferably an COOCH 3.
- a 2 in the general formula (II) is preferably one so 2 ⁇ 2 .
- Y ⁇ 2 , ⁇ and m in the general formula (II) are represented by the general formula (I). ⁇ 2 , ⁇ and m.
- the emulsion polymer dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization of the above fluorovinyl ether derivative contains fluoropolymer precursor fine particles composed of a fluoropolymer precursor.
- fluorine-containing polymer precursor means a polymer that becomes the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer through hydrolysis treatment described below.
- the fluoropolymer precursor is composed of a fluorovinyl ether derivative unit derived from the fluorofluoroether derivative, and has-so 2 x 2 and / or one COZ 2 .
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer precursor may be obtained by emulsion polymerization of one or more fluorofluoroether derivatives.
- aqueous reaction medium means a medium in which emulsion polymerization is carried out, which is composed of water.
- the aqueous reaction medium may be composed of a water-soluble organic solvent together with water, but preferably does not have a water-soluble organic solvent.
- the aqueous reaction medium may contain a surfactant, a stabilizer, an additive usually used in an aqueous dispersion such as an existing emulsifier described below, an emulsifier, and the like.
- the aqueous reaction medium does not contain a monomer such as the above fluorovinyl ether 'derivative or a polymer produced by emulsion polymerization, which is present in the reaction system for performing emulsion polymerization.
- the aqueous reaction medium becomes a dispersion medium (aqueous medium) in the emulsion polymer dispersion after the emulsion polymerization, and can be used as it is as an aqueous medium in the hydrolysis treatment described below.
- emulsifier a method of emulsifying, conventional emulsion polymerization Anmoniumu per full O b octoate commonly used [C 7 F 1 5 COONH 4 ] and the like of the emulsifying agent (hereinafter, referred to as "existing emulsifiers”.)
- the emulsification may be carried out by using an emulsifier, or a substance having an emulsifying action, which is different from the above-mentioned existing emulsifier (hereinafter, referred to as “emulsifier”) instead of the existing emulsifier, and used as a polymer.
- the method may be a method of emulsifying the polymer by giving an emulsifying action to the polymer, or a method of emulsifying by using both an existing emulsifier and an emulsifier.
- the emulsifying agent include a salt-forming compound having a sulfonic acid group.
- the above-mentioned existing emulsifier and Z or the emulsifying agent used in the emulsion polymerization are generally used in an amount of 0.01 to 0% by mass of the aqueous reaction medium.
- emulsifying agent examples include the following general formula (I I I)
- a 3 represents one S0 3 X 3 or one COOZ 3.
- X 3 represents NR′R′R′R 4 , M 3 or Represents M 4 1/2
- R ⁇ R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M 3 represents an alkali metal
- M 4 Represents an alkaline earth metal
- Z 3 represents NR 7 R 8 R 9 R 10 , M 5 or M 6 1/2
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are the same or different Represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M 5 represents an alkali metal
- M 6 represents an alkaline earth metal.
- the “acid salt type fluorovinyl ether derivative” has the above-mentioned acid salt type group. It is preferable that the acid salt type group contained in the above acid salt type fluorobutyl ether derivative is a sulfonic acid group forming an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in R 1 R ⁇ R 3 and R 4 is not particularly limited, and may be any of a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group. It is not particularly restricted but includes alkali metal of the M 3, for example, L i, N a, K , C s , and the like. It is not particularly restricted but includes alkali earth metals of the M 4, For example, Mg, C a, and the like.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the above R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 is not particularly limited, and the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the above I 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 The same as the group can be mentioned.
- Said M is not particularly restricted but includes alkali earth metal 6, for example, alkaline earth metals and the same thing, etc. of the of M 4 and the like.
- the above-mentioned acid-type fluorovinyl ether derivative is preferably one wherein A 3 in the above general formula (III) is —SO 3 X 3 .
- the above-mentioned acid salt-type fluorovinyl ether derivative and the above-mentioned fluorobutyl ether derivative are common to the above-mentioned ethylenic monomer in that they may have a bullet group in which all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted by fluorine atoms.
- the above-mentioned ethylenic monomer which becomes the above-mentioned ethylenic monomer unit in the point that it becomes the above-mentioned acid-acid salt type fluorobutyl ether unit in the fluorine-containing polymer by emulsion polymerization and hydrolysis treatment Are different.
- the aqueous reaction medium can be emulsified without an existing emulsifier, so that it is not necessary to remove the existing emulsifier after the emulsion polymerization as in the conventional case.
- the above-mentioned salt-type fluorinated ether derivative has an emulsifying effect in emulsion polymerization and is an ethylenic compound, so that it is added as a monomer in the polymerization reaction to become at least a part of the molecular structure of the fluoropolymer precursor.
- a polymer chain obtained by polymerizing the above-mentioned acid-type fluorobutyl ether derivative can also have an emulsifying action.
- the above emulsion polymerization does not require the removal of an emulsifier after the polymerization reaction, and can be used efficiently as a monomer having an emulsifying action. Is preferred.
- the number of particles of the obtained fluoropolymer precursor decreases and the particle diameter increases, and when the low-molecular substance removal treatment described below is performed by ultrafiltration, an ultrafiltration membrane is used.
- an existing emulsifier is preferably used because it is easy to avoid these problems because the film may be overloaded and the film may be non-uniform during film formation.
- the emulsion polymerization preferably uses an existing emulsifier.
- the emulsion polymerization can be performed according to a usual method except that the above-mentioned emulsifying agent can be used.
- the above-mentioned amount of the aqueous reaction medium in the amount of 0.01 to 10% by mass is much larger.
- a polymer obtained by polymerization using the above-mentioned existing emulsifier and / or emulsifier It may be so-called “seed polymerization,” in which spargyon is diluted and polymerization is continued.
- an emulsion polymer dispersion comprising the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer precursor fine particles is prepared by mixing a fluorovinyl ether derivative represented by the above general formula (II) with: It may be obtained by emulsion polymerization in the coexistence of the acid salt type fluorobutyl ether derivative represented by the general formula (III).
- the above 1 s O 2 X 2 and / or 1 COZ 2 derived from the fluorovinyl ether derivative are hydrophobic, and are derived from the acid salt type fluorobutyl ether derivative.
- the acid salt Furuoro A core / shell structure having a polymer chain composed of a butyl ether derivative as a shell can be obtained.
- the emulsion polymer dispersion liquid comprising the fluorine-containing polymer precursor fine particles, a polymer comprising an acid salt type fluorobutyl ether unit obtained by polymerizing the acid salt type fluorobutyl ether derivative, It may be obtained by emulsion polymerization in the coexistence of the above-mentioned fluorobutyl ether derivative.
- the fluoropolymer precursor fine particles obtained by this method are composed of a seed polymer.
- the above-mentioned acid salt type fluorovinyl ether derivative and the acid salt type fluorofluoroether ether are used. Since the polymer chain comprising the derivative has an emulsifying action, it is not necessary to add an emulsifier usually used in conventional emulsion polymerization at the time of polymerization, and it is not necessary to remove the emulsifier in a later step.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer is obtained by subjecting the above-mentioned emulsion polymer dispersion to hydrolysis treatment.
- the hydrolysis treatment can be performed by adding an alcohol to the emulsion polymer dispersion.
- the alkali used in the hydrolysis treatment is not particularly limited, and is usually Any hydroxide may be used, and examples thereof include hydroxides of alkaline metals and hydroxides of alkaline earth metals. Examples of such hydroxides include sodium hydroxide. , Potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and the like.
- the fluorine-containing polymer precursor has —SO 2 X 2 and Z or one COZ 2 as an acid salt-type group. Therefore, the fluorine-containing polymer precursor is converted from an acid salt-type fluorovinyl ether unit. (Hereinafter sometimes referred to as “acid salt type fluorine-containing polymer”).
- the emulsion polymer dispersion may be converted to a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion in which an acid salt type fluoropolymer is dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer is subjected to the above-mentioned hydrolysis treatment of the above-mentioned emulsion polymer dispersion, and then, if necessary, further treated with an acid. It may be obtained by performing an acid treatment.
- the acid used in the above-mentioned acid treatment is not particularly limited, and may be any acid used for neutralization of alkali.
- Examples of the acid include mineral acids.
- Examples of the mineral acid include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
- the acid salt type fluoropolymer is converted into a fluoropolymer comprising an acid type fluororubier ether unit ( Hereinafter, it may be referred to as “acid-type fluorine-containing polymer.”)
- the end point of the hydrolysis reaction in the above-mentioned hydrolysis treatment and the end point of the neutralization reaction in the above-mentioned acid treatment can be detected by eliminating the consumption of acid and acid and stabilizing PH.
- the reaction temperature in the hydrolysis treatment and the reaction temperature in the acid treatment are not particularly limited, and may be room temperature, but from the viewpoint of the reaction rate, the reaction is preferably performed at a temperature of 30 to 100 ° C. preferable.
- the concentration of the fluoropolymer precursor at the time of performing the hydrolysis treatment and the concentration of the acid salt-type fluoropolymer at the time of performing the acid treatment are not particularly limited, but may be 5 to 15% by mass of the aqueous medium.
- the viscosity of the emulsion polymer dispersion composed of the aqueous medium and the fluoropolymer precursor, or the viscosity of the aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion composed of the aqueous dispersion medium and the acid salt-type fluoropolymer is preferably within a preferable range. Further, since the particles comprising the fluoropolymer precursor or the particles comprising the acid salt type fluoropolymer are uniformly distributed, the hydrolysis treatment and the acid treatment can proceed smoothly.
- the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer is subjected to a hydrolysis treatment on the above-mentioned emulsion polymer dispersion liquid, and then subjected to an acid treatment as necessary, and further to a low-molecular-weight compound. It is preferably obtained by performing a treatment for removing a substance (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a low molecular substance removal treatment).
- the low-molecular substance is obtained by hydrolyzing a monomer, a polymerization initiator residue, an unnecessary low-molecular-weight polymer, or a fluorine-containing polymer precursor remaining in the emulsion polymerization. When the emulsifier residue used for the chemical polymerization is present, these can also be removed.
- the low molecular substance removal treatment is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a centrifugal separation method, an electrophoresis method, an ultrafiltration method, and the like, and preferably uses an ultrafiltration method.
- the ultrafiltration method is not particularly limited as long as it is a method for removing low-molecular substances using an ultrafiltration apparatus having an ultrafiltration membrane. Examples thereof include a centrifugal ultrafiltration method and a circulating ultrafiltration method. And the like.
- the ultrafiltration apparatus having the ultrafiltration membrane a commercially available ultrafiltration apparatus can be suitably used. For research use, for example, Centriprep (trade name, manufactured by Amicon), Militan (trade name, Millipore Corporation) And Pericon (trade name, manufactured by Millipore).
- the fluoropolymer obtained by the ultrafiltration step can be concentrated.
- the low molecular substance removal treatment may be performed after the hydrolysis treatment, or may be performed after the acid treatment when an acid treatment is further performed after the hydrolysis treatment.
- the above-mentioned hydrolysis treatment and acid treatment can be carried out in an aqueous dispersion.
- the hydrolysis treatment is preferably performed in an aqueous medium
- the acid treatment is preferably performed in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- the aqueous medium may be composed of a water-soluble organic solvent together with water as long as it is composed of water.
- the fluorine-containing polymer liquid composition of the present invention when the fluorine-containing polymer is obtained by emulsion polymerization, the above-mentioned emulsion polymerization and hydrolysis treatment, and further, if necessary, any acid treatment to be performed are aqueous. It can be performed in a dispersion.
- the aqueous medium in the hydrolysis treatment may be an aqueous dispersion medium of the fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion after the hydrolysis treatment, and the aqueous dispersion medium in the acid treatment may be included as it is after the acid treatment.
- the aqueous dispersion medium of the fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion can be used.
- the aqueous medium is a dispersion medium in the emulsion polymer dispersion, and a dispersion medium in an aqueous dispersion in which the hydrolysis treatment is performed.
- a dispersion medium in the aqueous fluorine-containing polymer dispersion obtained by subjecting the aqueous dispersion medium to the hydrolysis treatment, a dispersion medium in the aqueous dispersion subjected to the acid treatment, and the hydrolysis treatment The aqueous medium, the aqueous medium in that the aqueous reaction medium is a dispersion medium in an aqueous dispersion in which the emulsion polymerization is performed, wherein the aqueous medium is a dispersion medium in an aqueous dispersion of a fluoropolymer obtained through an acid treatment.
- the dispersion medium and the aqueous reaction dispersion medium are conceptually different.
- the fluorinated polymer emulsion-polymer izes the acid salt-type fluorofluoroether derivative without substantially using the fluorofluoroether ether derivative. It may be obtained by doing so.
- the term “substantially not used” refers to, for example, in the case of this fluoropolymer, of the fluorofluoroether of the total number of moles of the monomer derived from the monomer unit constituting the fluoropolymer. means that the content of the acid salt Furuo port Bulle ether units derived from derivatives is less than 5 mol 0/0.
- the fluorine-containing polymer obtained by this method is a polymer comprising an acid salt type fluorovinyl ether derivative and an acid salt type fluorofluoroether ether derivative. Since one chain has an emulsifying action, it is not necessary to add an emulsifier usually used in conventional emulsion polymerization at the time of polymerization, and it is not necessary to remove the emulsifier in a later step.
- the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer is prepared by co-polymerization of the above-mentioned fluorofluoroether derivative in the presence of an iodine compound such as 1,4-jodoperfluorobutane. Polymerization may be carried out to obtain a polymer dispersion composed of a block polymer, and the obtained polymer dispersion may be obtained by performing the above-mentioned hydrolysis treatment.
- the fluoropolymer to be used is composed of an acid salt type fluoropolymer, and may be used as it is in the preparation of the fluoropolymer dispersion composition.
- the fluorine-containing polymer composed of the fluorine-containing polymer may be used for preparing the fluorine-containing polymer liquid composition.
- Fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention in its preparation, is an S 0 2 fluoropolymer formed from a precursor membrane-like molded product having a F, remains membrane-shaped article It may be obtained by a method of converting _SO 2 F into a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof by hydrolysis, and dissolving the obtained film-shaped molded product in a mixed solvent composed of alcohols. However, it may be obtained by a method of stirring and dispersing the obtained film-shaped molded product in water at a temperature of 220 to 300 ° C.
- a 1 in the general formula (I) is one SO 2 X 1 and X 1 is NR 5 R 6 . If it is, the following general formula (IV)
- CF 2 CF— 0_ (CF 2 CFY then 0) n _ (CFY 2 ) S0 2 NR 6 (IV)
- YY 2 , n, m, R 5 and R 6 are the same as those described above.
- the fluoropolymer contained in the liquid fluoropolymer composition of Takaaki Motoaki is obtained by emulsion polymerization of a fluorovinyl ether derivative represented by the above general formula (II). It is preferably obtained by subjecting the obtained emulsion polymer dispersion to hydrolysis treatment.
- the fluorine-containing polymer is obtained by a method of performing the emulsion polymerization and the hydrolysis treatment
- the fluorine-containing polymer is usually obtained as fine particles
- the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer comprising fine particles of a fluorine-containing polymer and a film-forming auxiliary. It is suitably used for adjusting a polymer dispersion composition.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention comprises an organic liquid which is compatible with water and has a boiling point of more than 100 ° C. and not more than 300 ° C. as a film-forming auxiliary. Therefore, it has excellent film-forming properties.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention contains the above-mentioned film-forming auxiliary, the above-mentioned fluoropolymer liquid composition composed of fluoropolymer fine particles can be used as the fluoropolymer liquid composition. Since the fine particles swell and a part of the fluoropolymer fine particles are fused, the film-forming properties are excellent. As described above, the fluoropolymer liquid composition has a large average particle diameter of the fluoropolymer fine particles of 10 to 300 nm because a part of the fluoropolymer fine particles is fused together as described above. Even in this case, the film is excellent in film forming properties.
- the film-forming auxiliary since the film-forming auxiliary has the above-mentioned boiling point, it remains in the fluoropolymer liquid composition even in the process of forming a film to form a film. When it is necessary to improve the film formation efficiency and to remove the film-forming auxiliary from the obtained film, it can be easily carried out by heating. Since the fluoropolymer dispersion composition of the present invention has the above-mentioned constitution, it can be suitably used for forming a fiber or a film.
- the “film” is a film including a so-called thin film, and is a concept including a film, a sheet, and the like.
- the film may be a film obtained by, for example, cast film formation, impregnation, coating, or the like, and does not include a base material, a porous support, and the like used at the time of film formation.
- the film of the present invention is obtained by performing cast film formation using the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion composition.
- the above-mentioned "cast film-forming" is usually carried out by applying the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer liquid composition to the surface of a substrate, drying at room temperature and / or under heating, and immersing the substrate in water as necessary. Means to obtain a thin film by peeling off from the surface.
- “under normal temperature” refers to a temperature of 30 ° C.
- J is a temperature of 50 to 80 ° C.
- the drying is preferably performed for 30 to 60 minutes.
- the substrate used for the cast film formation is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include glass and stainless steel.
- the application method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include impregnation application and spray application.
- the film-forming auxiliary By heating the film obtained by the cast film formation at 150 to 300 ° C. for 20 to 40 minutes, the film-forming auxiliary can be completely removed from the film.
- the membrane of the present invention is also obtained by impregnating the above-mentioned fluoropolymer liquid composition on a porous support and then removing the liquid medium.
- the term “liquid medium” refers to a solvent that is liquid at a normal temperature of about 20 ° C. and that can dissolve the fluoropolymer and / or a dispersion medium that can disperse the fluoropolymer. means.
- examples of the solvent capable of dissolving the fluorine-containing polymer and the dispersion medium capable of dispersing the fluorine-containing polymer include the above-described aqueous dispersion medium, a film-forming auxiliary agent, a lower alcohol and an organic medium.
- the porous support is not particularly limited as long as it has a porous structure, and may be any of organic and inorganic materials. Examples thereof include glass beads, ceramics, alumina, and polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]. Examples include films, carbon, non-woven fabrics, and various types of polymers.
- the removal of the liquid medium may be performed by, for example, heating to 50 to 80 ° C., or may be performed by heating the glass to a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition point of the fluoropolymer. It may be carried out by heating above the melting point of the polymer.
- the temperature above the glass transition point of the above-mentioned fluoropolymer is usually a temperature of 150 to 350 ° C, and the temperature above the melting point of the above fluoropolymer is usually 200 to 3 ° C. The temperature is 50 ° C.
- the film thickness of the film obtained by the above-mentioned cast film formation and the film thickness of the film obtained by impregnating the porous polymer liquid composition with the above-mentioned fluoropolymer liquid composition are 10 to 40 ⁇ . It is preferred that there be. If it is less than 10 ⁇ m, the mechanical strength of the membrane is insufficient, and if it exceeds 40 ⁇ , the performance as a fuel cell is reduced, for example, when used in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell described later. Sometimes.
- the active substance fixed body of the present invention comprises a fluoropolymer and an active substance. Next, it is obtained by applying a liquid composition comprising the above-mentioned fluoropolymer liquid composition and the above-mentioned active substance to a substrate. By coating the liquid composition on a substrate, the fluoropolymer and the active substance are fixed on the substrate.
- the active substance is not particularly limited as long as it has an activity in the active substance fixed body, and is appropriately selected according to the purpose of the active substance fixed body of the present invention. May be possible.
- the catalyst is not particularly limited, and may be any catalyst that is usually used as an electrode catalyst. Examples thereof include metals containing platinum, ruthenium, and the like.
- the substrate on which the liquid composition is applied is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, the above-described porous support, a resin molded body, a metal plate, and the like. Examples thereof include an electrolyte membrane and a porous carbon electrode used for a fuel cell and the like. preferable.
- the electrolyte membrane is preferably made of a fluoropolymer, and may be made of the fluoropolymer.
- the above-mentioned “coating the liquid composition on the substrate” means that the liquid composition is applied to the substrate, dried if necessary, and usually heated at a temperature higher than the melting point of the fluoropolymer. It becomes.
- the heating conditions are not particularly limited as long as the fluoropolymer and the active substance can be fixed on the base material. For example, the heating is preferably performed at 200 to 350 for 2 to 30 minutes.
- the electrolyte membrane of the present invention has the above-mentioned active substance fixed body.
- the electrolyte membrane may contain other substances other than the active substance fixed body as long as the properties of the active substance fixed body are not hindered.
- the membrane-electrode assembly of the present invention [MEA: membranc eelectrodeassembly] is composed of the above-mentioned electrolyte membrane.
- the above-mentioned membrane-electrode assembly may include other substances other than the above-mentioned electrolyte membrane as long as the properties of the electrolyte membrane are not hindered.
- the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned membrane, the above-mentioned active substance fixed body, the above-mentioned electrolyte membrane, and Z or the above-mentioned membrane-electrode assembly.
- solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention for example, those comprising the above-mentioned membrane, those comprising the above-mentioned active substance fixed body, those comprising the above-mentioned electrolyte membrane, those comprising the above-mentioned membrane ′ electrode assembly, the above-mentioned membrane and Examples of the active substance fixed body include:
- the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell may further include a component such as a gas constituting the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer liquid composition a film obtained by performing a cast film formation, a film obtained by impregnating a porous support with the fluoropolymer liquid composition, an active substance fixed body, an electrolyte membrane, Both the membrane-electrode assembly and the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell use a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group or a carboxyl group, which may form a salt. It is preferable to use a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group which may be used.
- This fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion is extremely stable and can be visually observed even if left for one month. No sedimentation of the fluoropolymer fine particles was observed.
- Fig. 1 (a) shows a photograph of the coating film of the emulsion polymer dispersion liquid taken with AFM
- Fig. 1 (b) shows a photograph of the coating film of the aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion.
- a photograph of the coating film of the body composition is shown in FIG. 1 (c).
- the polymer particles have almost no change in the size and shape before and after hydrolysis, and the particles are not in contact with each other.
- the area where the particles are in contact with each other is large due to swelling or fusion deformation of the polymer particles.
- Example 3 The fluoropolymer dispersion composition obtained in Example 1 (2) was impregnated with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) porous membrane (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) and left in an oven at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a thickness. A transparent film of 1 5 // m was obtained.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- Example 1 (1) 5 ml of the aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion obtained in Example 1 (1) was diluted 2-fold with pure water, and 1 ml of triethyl phosphate was added while stirring. By evaporating water with a rotary evaporator while heating to 40 ° C, an organosol containing triethyl phosphate as a dispersion medium was obtained.
- Example 1 Using the obtained organosol, a thin film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 (3) and peeled off from the glass plate to obtain a thin film having a thickness of 10 x m. Comparative Example 1
- Example 1 (1) Using only the aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion obtained in Example 1 (1), a film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 (3).
- a composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ethanol was used instead of triethyl phosphate, and a film was formed using the obtained composition.
- the resulting film was cracked and redispersed when immersed in pure water.
- the fluoropolymer liquid composition of the present invention has the above-described constitution, it is excellent in film-forming properties and can be used to obtain a fluoropolymer film having a sulfonic acid group and / or an oxyacid salt type group of a carboxyl group. Can be.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04716771A EP1602687B1 (en) | 2003-03-03 | 2004-03-03 | Liquid fluoropolymer composition, process for producing organosol, film, and fuel cell |
JP2005503052A JP5008305B2 (ja) | 2003-03-03 | 2004-03-03 | 含フッ素ポリマー液状組成物、オルガノゾル製造方法、膜及び燃料電池 |
AT04716771T ATE540083T1 (de) | 2003-03-03 | 2004-03-03 | Flüssige fluorpolymerzusammensetzung, verfahren zur herstellung von organosol, film und brennstoffzelle |
US10/547,770 US20060194703A1 (en) | 2003-03-03 | 2004-03-03 | Liquid fluoropolymer composition, process for producing organosol, film, and fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2003-056184 | 2003-03-03 | ||
JP2003056184 | 2003-03-03 |
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WO2004078842A1 true WO2004078842A1 (ja) | 2004-09-16 |
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PCT/JP2004/002609 WO2004078842A1 (ja) | 2003-03-03 | 2004-03-03 | 含フッ素ポリマー液状組成物、オルガノゾル製造方法、膜及び燃料電池 |
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US (1) | US20060194703A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1602687B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5008305B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100400589C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE540083T1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004078842A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
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JP2006221873A (ja) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-24 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 電解質膜の製造方法、電解質膜、燃料電池及び電子機器 |
JP2008031464A (ja) * | 2006-07-04 | 2008-02-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 高分子電解質エマルションおよびその用途 |
WO2011034179A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-24 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | 電解質エマルション及びその製造方法 |
JP2012004048A (ja) * | 2010-06-18 | 2012-01-05 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corp | 電解質膜並びにその製造方法、電極触媒層並びにその製造方法、膜電極接合体、及び、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
US8685591B2 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2014-04-01 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corporation | Dispersion composition having fluorine-containing ion exchange resin with adjusted particle size abundance ratio |
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WO2009146340A1 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-03 | Seeo, Inc | Polymer electrolyte materials based on polysiloxanes |
CN101759865B (zh) * | 2008-11-14 | 2012-07-04 | 山东东岳高分子材料有限公司 | 一种液面流延法制备全氟磺酸质子交换膜的方法 |
CN102459361B (zh) * | 2009-06-12 | 2019-07-05 | 索尔维索莱克西斯公司 | 具有低表面张力、低液体粘度以及高固体含量的氟代离聚物分散体 |
WO2012082707A1 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microemulsions and fluoropolymers made using microemulsions |
WO2018070420A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素ポリマーの粉体及びその製造方法 |
US10781335B2 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2020-09-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Functional film |
CN110828872B (zh) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-03-12 | 江苏擎动新能源科技有限公司 | 一种燃料电池用高温质子交换膜及其制备方法 |
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- 2004-03-03 JP JP2005503052A patent/JP5008305B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-03 EP EP04716771A patent/EP1602687B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-03 AT AT04716771T patent/ATE540083T1/de active
- 2004-03-03 WO PCT/JP2004/002609 patent/WO2004078842A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-03-03 CN CNB2004800057837A patent/CN100400589C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2012004048A (ja) * | 2010-06-18 | 2012-01-05 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corp | 電解質膜並びにその製造方法、電極触媒層並びにその製造方法、膜電極接合体、及び、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1602687B1 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
US20060194703A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
EP1602687A4 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
ATE540083T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
EP1602687A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
JP5008305B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 |
CN1756800A (zh) | 2006-04-05 |
CN100400589C (zh) | 2008-07-09 |
JPWO2004078842A1 (ja) | 2006-06-08 |
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