WO2004065605A1 - β1,3-N-アセチル-D-ガラクトサミン転移酵素タンパク質及びそれをコードする核酸、並びにそれを用いた癌化検定方法 - Google Patents
β1,3-N-アセチル-D-ガラクトサミン転移酵素タンパク質及びそれをコードする核酸、並びにそれを用いた癌化検定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
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- C12N9/1051—Hexosyltransferases (2.4.1)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ⁇ 1, 3-diacetyl-D-galactosamine transferase protein, a nucleic acid encoding the same, and a method for assaying canceration using the same.
- the present invention relates to a novel ⁇ 1,3-p-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase protein, a nucleic acid encoding the same, a method for assaying canceration using the same, and the like.
- sugar chains and glycoconjugates in vivo.
- the factors that determine blood type are glycoproteins, and those that are involved in the functioning of the nervous system are glycolipids, and enzymes that function to combine sugar chains are various sugars. It is a very important clue in analyzing the physiological activity provided by chains.
- ⁇ -acetyl-D-galactosamine (hereinafter also referred to as rGalNAcj) is a component of glycosaminoglycans and is present in various sugar chain structures such as glycosphingolipids and mucin-type bran chains. It is a sugar residue. Therefore, the enzyme that transfers GalNAc is a very important tool for analyzing the function of bran chains that work in various tissues in the body.
- Non-patent Documents 1 to 4 there are some reports on glycosyltransferases having an activity of transferring GalNAc (Non-patent Documents 1 to 4).
- an enzyme that transfers Gal NAc by “1,4 bond” is known (Non-patent Document 1).
- “/ 31, 3” or “3” refers to the ⁇ -hydroxyl group at the 1-position of the sugar residue of the acceptor substrate, which binds to the ⁇ -hydroxyl group.
- an enzyme using “galatatose” as its receptor substrate is known (Non-Patent Document 2).
- GalNAc N-acetylacetylchocosamine
- Non-Patent Document 5 It was believed that such a carbohydrate structure did not exist in mammals, especially in humans.
- Patent Document 1
- Non-Patent Document 1 Cancer Res. 1993 Nov 15; 53 (22): 5395-400: Yamashiro S, Ruan S,
- Furukawa K Tai T, Lloyd K0, Shiku H, Furukawa K. Genetic and enzymatic basis for the differential expression of GM2 and uD2 gangliosides in human cancer cell lines.
- the present invention relates to glycosyltransferases derived from mammals, particularly humans, wherein Gal NAc is ⁇ 1,
- the object of the present invention is to provide a polypeptide having a novel transfer activity of transferring to GlcNAc by three bonds, and a nucleic acid encoding such a polypeptide. Furthermore, the present invention also solves the problems of providing a transformant that expresses the nucleic acid in a host cell, a method for producing and recovering the protein by causing the transformant to produce the protein, and an antibody that recognizes the protein. I do.
- the present invention is useful for canceration assays and the like by analyzing and comparing the transcription level of such a protein, which fluctuates in association with canceration or malignancy, at the tissue or cell lineage level. It also provides simple methods and criteria.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between “+” and “G34 1 ⁇ 3? Protein shell B ⁇ F ⁇ ) ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ ': ⁇ ⁇ :':::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '
- FIG. 2D is a view showing a result of NMR measurement for analyzing a chain structure synthesized by the G34 enzyme protein according to the present example.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of a part of the marauding R measurement result of FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3 is a table showing N0E at ⁇ R in FIG.
- Figure 4 is a table showing the relevant data (provisional N0E) for each of the viranoses in Figure 2 (s: strong, m: middle, w: weak, vw: very weak, A: GlcNAc, B: GalNAc)
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for comparing amino acid sequences between the G34 enzyme protein of the present example and a known ⁇ 3 Gal transferase.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for comparing motifs relating to 3-binding activity between the G34 enzyme protein of this example and various known ⁇ 3-linked glycosyltransferases.
- “B3” represents a] 3 1-3 bond
- “GnJ represents GlcNAc.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the pH dependence of the activity of the G34 enzyme protein according to the present example.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the ionic requirement of the activity of the G34 enzyme protein according to the present example.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the expression level of the G34 enzyme protein according to the present example in a human cell line.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram in which the amino acid sequence IJ of mouse G34 (upper) in this example is aligned with the amino acid sequence of human G34 (lower).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the results of in situ hybridization of a mouse testis sample using the mG34 nucleic acid according to the present example.
- the present inventors attempted to isolate and purify a nucleic acid of interest, which seems to have high sequence identity, based on the base sequence of an enzyme gene having an action similar to that of the target enzyme.
- a BLAST search was performed using the sequence of a known glycosyltransferase, [33] galactosyltransferase 6 (jS3GalT6) as a query, and as a result, a sequence having homology was found ( GenBank No. AX285201).
- this salt was known as the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106 described in International Publication No. 0 179 556 (Patent Document 1), but its activity was unknown.
- the present inventors independently cloned the above gene by PCR, determined its base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) and its deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2), and obtained the polynucleotide encoded by the nucleic acid.
- the inventors have succeeded in determining the specific biological activity of the peptide and completed the present invention.
- a mouse gene was searched using the sequence as a query, and as a result, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and its deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 4) were found.
- the gene having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 are designated as human G34, and the gene having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and the protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 The mouse was named G34.
- the G34 protein uses an N-acetyl-D-galatatosamine residue as a donor substrate and an N-acetyl-D-darcosamine residue as an acceptor substrate. Then, as described in detail in Example 2 of the present specification, various sugars (for example, galactose, diacetyl-D-darcosamine) are transferred into the amino acid sequence in a ⁇ 1,3 linkage form. It retained three motifs that were well conserved in the enzyme family. From these viewpoints, it is surprising that G34 protein has a transposition activity to synthesize a novel sugar chain structure ⁇ GalNAc-1,3-GlcNAc '' which has not been reported previously in mammals, especially in humans. it was thought. Its binding form was actually confirmed by NMR.
- various sugars for example, galactose, diacetyl-D-darcosamine
- the present invention relates to a ⁇ 1,3'-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase protein which transfers N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to N-acetyl-D-dalcosamine by ⁇ 1,3 bond.
- the enzyme protein of a preferred embodiment of the present invention has the following properties (a)-(c): (a) specificity of a receptor substrate
- the numbers in the formula indicates the carbon number of the sugar ring is present glycosidic bonds, " ⁇ " and “i3” represents a Anoma glycosidic bond the 1-position of the sugar ring, the positional relationship between the 5-position CH 2 0H or CH 3 Indicates the transformer's one by “c3 ⁇ 4J, and the cis' one by [] 3”).
- Said activity is enhanced in the presence of at least Mn 2+ , Co 2 ⁇ or Mg 2+ , but the enhancement of activity by Mn 2+ is almost completely abolished in the presence of Cu + ;
- the glycosyltransferase protein of the present invention is a polypeptide of the following (A) or (B):
- the peptide is the amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 2. It is a bran transferase protein comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence of acid numbers 189 to 500. Further, a more preferred embodiment of the bran transferase protein is that the polypeptide of the above (A) has the sequence No. 2 is a glycosyltransferase protein comprising a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of amino acids 36 to 500.
- the amino acid of amino acids 189 to 500 of SEQ ID NO: 2 or the amino acid of amino acids 35 to 504 of SEQ ID NO: 4 Includes proteins consisting of polypeptides having at least 30% identical amino acid sequence, preferably at least 40% identical amino acid sequence, more preferably at least 50% identical amino acid sequence to the sequence It is.
- the present invention provides a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding any of the above polypeptides or a nucleotide sequence complementary thereto.
- a preferred embodiment of the nucleic acid encoding the protein of the present invention is a nucleic acid consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 or a nucleotide sequence complementary to at least either of them. More preferably, from a human, a nucleic acid consisting of the nucleotide sequence of base numbers 565 to 1503 described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence complementary thereto, most preferably, the nucleic acid consisting of base number 1 described in SEQ ID NO: 1 It is a nucleic acid consisting of a base sequence of 06 to 1503 or a base sequence complementary thereto, and derived from a mouse, the base sequence of base numbers 103 to 1512 of SEQ ID NO: 3 or a base sequence complementary thereto. Nucleic acid consisting of various base sequences.
- Embodiments of the nucleic acid according to the present invention include DNA.
- the present invention also provides a vector containing any of the above nucleic acids, and a transformant containing the vector.
- the present invention provides a method for producing i31,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase protein, comprising: growing the transformant; expressing the glycosyltransferase protein; It is intended to provide a production method comprising recovering the glycosyltransferase protein from a grown body.
- the present invention provides an antibody that recognizes any one of the aforementioned ⁇ 1, 3-di-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase proteins.
- the present invention provides a nucleic acid useful as an indicator of canceration or malignancy, which comprises a nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, or a nucleotide sequence complementary to at least one of the nucleotide sequences, Also provided are nucleic acids for measurement that hybridize under unique conditions.
- the nucleic acid for measurement of the present invention can be composed of at least a dozen or more continuous nucleotide sequences in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, or a nucleotide sequence complementary thereto.
- a probe comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 or a nucleotide sequence complementary thereto, and a primer comprising the nucleotide sequence of the following (1) or (2) Set :
- nucleic acid for measurement of the present invention can be used as a cancer marker.
- the present invention relates to a method for assaying canceration of a biological sample
- a method comprising:
- the measurement of the transcription level includes a hybridization method or a PCR method using any one of the nucleic acids described above, for the biological sample.
- Said biological sample can be in particular a sample from the colon or lung.
- the present inventors have determined that the G34 enzyme tag encoded by the nucleic acid The protein was expressed, isolated and purified, and its enzymatic activity identified.
- the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 corresponds to one of the nucleic acids encoding the isolated polypeptide having the enzyme activity. It is an aspect. That is, the nucleic acid of the present invention includes any nucleic acid capable of encoding the same amino acid sequence, which is definite but degenerate to the amino acid sequence of the G34 enzyme protein.
- the present invention also provides a nucleic acid encoding a full-length polypeptide or a fragment thereof comprising the novel amino acid sequence as described above.
- a typical nucleic acid encoding such a novel polypeptide has a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 or a nucleotide sequence complementary to at least one of them.
- the nucleic acids of the present invention also include both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, and their RNA complements.
- DNA includes, for example, naturally occurring DNA, recombinant DNA, chemically bonded DNA, DNA amplified by PCR, and combinations thereof. However, DNA is preferable from the viewpoint that it is stable at the time of preparing vectors and transformants.
- the nucleic acid of the present invention can be prepared, for example, by the following method.
- a nucleic acid amplification reaction is carried out from a cDNA library according to a conventional method using a basic method of genetic engineering such as hybridization and nucleic acid amplification reaction.
- the nucleic acids of the invention can be cloned.
- a DNA fragment of about 1.5 kbp is obtained as a PCR product, which is separated by a method such as agarose gel electrophoresis, in which the DNA fragment is sieved based on molecular weight, to cut out a specific band. It can be isolated according to the method.
- T measurement of prematurely separated nucleic acid; no acid K. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ According to U, it is predicted to have a hydrophobic transmembrane domain at the JM terminus.
- nucleic acid amplification reaction examples include a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [Saiki RK, et al., Science, 230, 1350-1354 (1985)], a ligase chain reaction (LCR) [Wu DY, et al., Genomi cs, 4, 560-569 (1989); Barringer KJ, et al., Gene, 89, 117-122 (1990); Barany F., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 189-193 ( 1991)] and transcription-based amplification [Kwoh DY, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- LCR ligase chain reaction
- NASABA Based Amplificat ion
- a target enzyme protein can be expressed as described later, and a probe antisense primer can be provided for the purpose of medical research or gene therapy.
- nucleic acid equivalent to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 by preparing a nucleic acid consisting of a base sequence having a certain homology with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3. it can.
- the homologous nucleic acids of the present invention include one hundred and one-hundred s T times in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4 and an anole-JJ one-fat domin in i-
- a nucleic acid encoding a protein having an activity of transferring to acetyl-D-darcosamine by ⁇ 1,3 bond may be included.
- a suitable nucleic acid sequence encoding the homologous protein of the present invention is typically a whole nucleotide sequence in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, preferably a portion consisting of nucleotide numbers 106 to 1503 in SEQ ID NO: 1. More than 40% identity, more preferably at least 50%, to any of the base sequence, preferably a partial base sequence consisting of base numbers 103 to 152 of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a base sequence complementary thereto. % Identity, particularly preferably at least 60% identity.
- nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 have 86% identity.
- a suitable nucleic acid sequence encoding the homologous protein of the present invention may be any of the entire nucleotide sequence in SEQ ID NO: 1, preferably any of nucleotide numbers 106 to 1503, or a nucleotide sequence complementary thereto. May be defined as having at least 86%, preferably 90%, identity.
- the above percent identity can be determined by visual inspection or mathematical calculation.
- the percent identity of two nucleic acid sequences is described in Devereux et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 12: 387, 1984, and is available from the University of Wisconsin Genetics Computer Group (UWGCG) GAP Combiner program, version 6.0.
- Preferred default parameters for the GAP program include: (1) a single comparison matrix for nucleotides (including values of 1 for identical and 0 for non-identical), and supervision of Schwartz and Dayhoff, Atlas of Protein Sequence and structure, pp. 353-358, National Biomedical Research Foundation, 1979, Oyotsuna, Gribskov and Burgess, Nucl. Acids Res. 14: 6745, 1986. 2) a penalty of 3.0 for each gap and an additional 0.10 penalty for each symbol in each gap; and (3) no penalty for the terminal gap.
- Other programs for sequence comparison used by those skilled in the art, can also be used.
- the other nucleic acid homologous as the structural gene of the present invention typically comprises the nucleotide sequence in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, preferably the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 from 106 to 1503.
- Base string consisting of base numbers 103 to 1512 of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a nucleotide consisting of a base sequence complementary thereto, under stringent conditions, and N-acetyl-D-
- the stringent conditions means that hybridization occurs under moderate or high stringency conditions.
- moderately stringent conditions can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, for example, based on DNA length.
- the basic conditions are set forth in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, Vol.
- High stringency conditions can also be readily determined by one skilled in the art, for example, based on DNA length. Generally, such conditions include hybridization and washing or washing at higher temperatures and / or lower salt concentrations than moderately stringent conditions, e.g., hybridization conditions as described above, and approximately 68 ° C,
- Examples of the method for incorporating the DNA fragment of the nucleic acid into the vector of the present invention include the method described in Sambrook, J. et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (3rd edition), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1.1 (2001). No.
- a commercially available ligation kit for example, Takara Shuzo may be used.
- the recombinant vector (eg, recombinant plasmid) obtained as described above is introduced into a host cell (eg, Escherichia coli DH5a, TBI, LE392, or XL-LE392 or XL-lBlue).
- a host cell eg, Escherichia coli DH5a, TBI, LE392, or XL-LE392 or XL-lBlue.
- Methods for introducing a plasmid into a host cell include the calcium chloride method described in Sambrook, J., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (3rd edition), and the old Spring Harbor Laboratory, 16.1 (2001). Examples include a rubidium chloride method, an electoral poration method, an electroinjection method, a method using a chemical treatment such as PEG, and a method using a gene gun.
- a usable vector can be simply prepared by ligating a desired gene to a recombination vector (for example, plasmid DNA or the like) available in the art by a conventional method.
- a recombination vector for example, plasmid DNA or the like
- Specific examples of the vector to be used include, but are not limited to, pDONR201, pBluescript, pUC18, pUC19, and pBR322 as plasmids derived from Escherichia coli.
- Those skilled in the art can appropriately select the restriction end so as to be compatible with the expression vector.
- Those skilled in the art can appropriately select an expression vector suitable for the host cell in which the enzyme of the present invention is to be expressed, and the gene is involved in gene expression so that the nucleic acid can be expressed in the target host cell. It is preferable that regions (promoter region, enhancer region, operator region, etc.) are appropriately arranged and constructed so that the nucleic acid is appropriately expressed.
- the type of expression vector is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of expressing a desired gene in various host cells of prokaryotic cells and / or eukaryotic cells and producing a desired protein.
- E. coli expression vector pQE - 30, P QE - 60, pMAL - C2, pMAL -. p2, is preferable, pSE420, as an expression vector for yeast pYES2 (.
- Saccharomyces genus Saccharomyces genus
- pPIC3 5K Saccharomyces genus
- pPIC9K pA0815 (above Pichia)
- insect expression vectors pFastBac, pBacPAK8 / 9, pBK283, pVL1392, pBlueBac4.5 are preferred. .
- the Gateway system is a system that uses site-specific recombination that enables cloning while maintaining the orientation of the PCR product and allows subcloning into an expression vector with an appropriately modified DNA fragment.
- an entry clone is created from the PCR product and the donor vector using BP clonase, a site-specific recombination enzyme, which can then be recombined with this clone and another recombination enzyme, LR clonase.
- LR clonase a site-specific recombination enzyme
- a transformant for producing the polypeptide of the present invention By incorporating the expression vector containing the nucleic acid of the present invention into a host cell, a transformant for producing the polypeptide of the present invention can be obtained.
- the host cell for obtaining the transformant may generally be a eukaryotic cell (mammalian cell, yeast, insect cell, etc.) or a prokaryotic cell (E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, etc.).
- cultured cells derived from humans eg, HeLa, 293T, SH—S ⁇ 5Y
- mice eg, Neuro2a, NIH3T3
- All of these host cells are known and are commercially available (for example, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) or available from public research institutions (for example, RIKEN Cell Bank).
- embryos, organs, tissues or non-human individuals can be used.
- the G34 enzyme protein of the present invention having properties closer to those of a natural product by using a eukaryotic cell as a host cell (for example, a sugar chain attached thereto). It is considered that a mashed form) can be obtained. From this viewpoint, it is preferable to select eukaryotic cells, particularly mammalian cells, as host cells. Specific mammalian cells include mouse-derived cells, and animal cells include mouse-derived cells, African algae-derived, rat-derived, hamster-derived, monkey-derived or human-derived cells, or cultured cell lines established from these cells. It is exemplified.
- Escherichia coli, yeast or insect cells as host cells are specifically Enterobacteria (DH5 o; M15, JM109, BL21, etc.), yeasts (INVScl (genus Saccharomyces), GS115, KM71 (above Pichia), etc.), insect cells (Sf21, BraN4, silkworm larva, etc.), etc. .
- an expression vector can be prepared by linking at least a promoter, an initiation codon, a gene encoding a desired protein, a termination codon, and a terminator region to an appropriate replicable unit in a continuous and circular manner. It can.
- an appropriate DNA fragment for example, linker, other restriction enzyme site, etc.
- a conventional method such as digestion with a restriction enzyme or ligation using T4 DNA ligase.
- an expression vector When a bacterium, particularly Escherichia coli, is used as a host cell, an expression vector generally comprises at least a promoter Z operator region, an initiation codon, a gene encoding a desired protein, a stop codon, a terminator, and at least one replicable unit. .
- the expression vector When using yeast, plant cells, animal cells, or insect cells as host cells, the expression vector generally includes at least a promoter, an initiation codon, a gene encoding a desired protein, a stop codon, and a terminator. Is preferred. It may also contain a signal peptide. It may optionally contain DNA, an enhancer sequence, an untranslated region on the 5 'side or 3' side of the desired gene, a selective binding region, or a replicable unit.
- a replicable unit is a DNA capable of replicating its entire DNA sequence in a host cell, and is composed of natural plasmids, artificially modified plasmids (prepared from natural plasmids). Plasmid) and synthetic plasmid. Suitable plasmids include plasmid pQE30, pET or pCAL or a modified product thereof (a DNA fragment obtained by treating pQE30, pET or pCAL with an appropriate restriction enzyme) in E. coli, and plasmid in yeast. pYES2 or PPIC91 (but insect cells include plasmid pBacPAK8 / 9).
- a preferred initiation codon of the vector of the present invention is, for example, methionine codon (ATG).
- the stop codon include common stop codons (eg, TAG, TGA, TAA, etc.).
- the enhancer sequence and the terminator sequence those commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as those derived from SV40, can be used.
- the selection marker a commonly used marker can be used by a conventional method. Examples thereof include tetracycline, ampicillin, or an antibiotic resistance gene such as kanamycin or neomycin, hygromycin, or spectinomycin.
- Introduction (also referred to as transformation or transfection) of the expression vector according to the present invention into a host cell can be performed using a conventionally known method.
- bacteria E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, etc.
- Cohen et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 69, 2110 (1972)
- the protoplast method Mol. Gen. Genet., 168, 111 (1979)
- the Combinent method J. Mol. Biol., 56, 209 (1971)].
- Saccharorayces cerevisiae for example, the method of Hinnen et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad.
- the transformation can be performed by the method of Summer et al. [Mol. Cell Biol. '3, 2156-2165 (1983)].
- nucleic acid having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 is incorporated into an expression vector and expressed, whereby a polypeptide having a novel enzyme activity is isolated and purified. can do.
- a typical embodiment of the protein of the present invention is an isolated G34 enzyme protein consisting of the deduced amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4.
- This Jun-Qin protein specifically has the following activities.
- N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) J can be transferred from its donor substrate to an acceptor substrate containing“ N-acetyl-D-darcosamine (GlcNAc) ”. From the examination of the motif sequence in the amino acid sequence, the binding form between the N-acetylgalactosamine and the N-acetyldarcosamine is ⁇ It is a 1,3-glycosidic bond (see Example 2).
- the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine donor substrate includes a sugar nucleotide having N-acetylgalactosamine, for example, peridine diphosphate-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) adenosine diphosphate-N-galactosamine ( ADP-GalNAc), guanosine diphosphate mono-N-acetylgalactosamine (GDP-GalNAc), and cytidine diphosphate mono-N-acetylgalactosamine (CDP-GalNAc).
- a typical donor substrate is UDP-GalNAc.
- the G34 enzyme protein of the present invention catalyzes the following reaction. ⁇ UDP— GalNAc + GlcNAc-R ⁇ UDP + GalNAc- ⁇ 1, 3-GlcNAc- R
- R is a glycoprotein, glycolipid, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, or the like having the GlcNAc residue
- the GalNAc acceptor substrate is N-acetyl-D-darcosamine, typically an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue such as a glycoprotein, a glycolipid, an oligosaccharide, or a rice bran.
- the human G34 protein (typically having a region from amino acid number 36 of SEQ ID NO: 2 to its C-terminus) obtained in Example 1 described below is obtained by using an oligosaccharide as a receptor substrate.
- the mouse G34 protein (typically having an active region from amino acid number 35 in SEQ ID NO: 4 to its C-terminus) obtained in Example 4 below is Bz-j3-GlcNAc, pNp- j8 -Glc s GlcNAc- 1-4-GlcNAc- ⁇ -Bz pNp— core2, pNp-core3 And transfer activity to pNp-core6.
- the transfer activity was highest for Bz- / 3-GlcNAc and the highest for core2—pNp ⁇ core6-pNp, core3-pNp, pNp- ⁇ -Glc, GlcNAc- ⁇ 1 -4- GlcNAc- ⁇ -Bz decreases transcription activity in order.
- GlcNAc indicates an N-acetyl-D-dalcosamine residue
- GalNAc indicates a ⁇ [1-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue
- Glc indicates a dalcosamine residue
- Bz indicates "PNp” represents a paranitrophenyl group
- oNp represents an orthonitrophenyl group
- one represents a glycosidic bond.
- the number in the formula indicates the carbon number of the sugar ring where the glycosidic bond exists.
- “hi” and “J3” represent anomers of the glycosidic bond at the 1-position of the sugar ring, and 5 ⁇ j when the positional relationship with CH 2 0H or CH 3 at the 5-position is ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ j, and ).
- the optimal buffer was MES (2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid) buffer, sodium sodium codylate buffer, or HEPES (N- [2-hydroxyethl] piperazine-N -[2-ethanesulfonic acid]) It has the above-mentioned catalytic action in any buffer solution.
- the pH dependence of the activity in each buffer was the highest in the MES buffer at least around pH 5.50-pH 5.78, followed by the highest activity near pH 6.75;
- the activity increases as the pH decreases from around pH 6.2 to around pH 5.0, and the activity is highest at around pH 5.0, and from around pH 6.2 to pH 7
- the activity increases in a pH-dependent manner up to around 0 and becomes almost plateau around pH 7.4; in HEPES buffer, the activity is highest from around pH 7.4 to around 7.5.
- HEPES buffer showed the strongest activity at pH of about 7.4 to about 7.5. However, the activity is lower than that in other pH regions.
- the G34 enzyme protein of the present invention can transfer a GalNAc residue to a GlcNAc residue through a ⁇ 1-3 glycosidic bond under the above-mentioned predetermined enzyme reaction conditions, and can be used for glycoproteins, glycolipids, oligo bran, Or it is useful for such a sugar chain synthesis or modification reaction to a polysaccharide or the like.
- the enzyme protein of the present invention is not limited to only the protein consisting of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 2 and 4 deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned nucleic acid, As explained below, for example, an amino acid sequence--a protein consisting of an incompletely-length polypeptide partially deleted at the terminal end or the like, or a protein homologous to the amino acid sequence, It is intended to include proteins having the native properties of the proteins.
- the human G34 enzyme protein of the present invention is preferably an amino acid sequence from amino acid number 189 to the C-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 2, more preferably an amino acid sequence obtained in Examples described later. It may have an amino acid sequence from number 36 to the C-terminus.
- the mouse G34 enzyme protein of the present invention may preferably have an amino acid sequence from amino acid number 35 to SEQ ID NO: 4 to the C-terminal.
- a protein having a physiological activity such as an enzyme
- one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence are substituted or deleted, or one or more amino acids are substituted in the amino acid sequence.
- the physiological activity can be maintained even when an amino acid is inserted or added.
- some naturally occurring proteins due to differences in varieties of the species producing them, gene mutations due to differences in ecotype, or the presence of similar isozymes, etc. ⁇ It is also known that there is a mutant protein having multiple amino acid mutations 0608
- the protein of the present invention may have one or more amino acids substituted or deleted in each amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, or one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence.
- Mutant proteins having an amino acid sequence in which a certain amino acid is inserted or added, and having an activity of transferring a GalNAc residue to a GlcNAc residue by a ⁇ 1-3 glycosidic bond under the above-mentioned predetermined enzyme reaction conditions are also included. It is.
- one or several amino acids are substituted or deleted in each amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, or one or several amino acids are substituted in the amino acid sequence. Those having an amino acid sequence in which an acid is inserted or added are particularly preferred.
- the term "plurality” is preferably 1 to 200, more preferably 1 to 100, still more preferably 1 to 50, and most preferably 1 to 20.
- the number of amino acids that can be substituted is preferably 1 to 10 so that the activity of the original protein is maintained. It is.
- the modified proteins of the present invention also include modified proteins obtained by substitution between amino acids having similar properties. That is, in general, substitution of amino acids having similar properties (for example, substitution of one hydrophobic amino acid for another hydrophobic amino acid, substitution of one hydrophilic amino acid for another hydrophilic amino acid, A method for producing a recombinant protein having a desired mutation by introducing amino acid into another acidic amino acid, or from a basic amino acid to another basic amino acid) is known to those skilled in the art. And the modified protein thus obtained often has properties similar to the original protein. From this viewpoint, the modified protein having such an amino acid substitution is also included in the present invention. '
- modified protein of the present invention is a glycoprotein having a sugar chain bound to the polypeptide, as long as it has the amino acid sequence as described above and has an intrinsic enzyme activity for the target enzyme. There may be.
- the amino acid sequence suitable as the homologous protein of the present invention has an identity of more than 30%, more preferably at least 4% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4. It is particularly preferred that they have at least 50% identity.
- amino acid sequences described in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4 have 88% identity.
- an amino acid sequence suitable as the homologous protein of the present invention may be defined as having at least 88%, more preferably 90% identity to the amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 2. it can.
- GENETYX is a genetic information processing software for nucleic acid analysis and protein analysis, and can perform signal homology analysis, multi-alignment analysis, signal peptide prediction, promoter site prediction, and secondary structure prediction. is there.
- the homology analysis program used in this specification is based on the Lipman-Pearson method (Lipman, D.J ". & Pearson, WR, Science, 277, 1435-1441, which is frequently used as a high-speed and high-sensitivity method.
- the percent identity is determined, for example, by the BLAST program described in Altschul et al. (Nucl. Acids. Res., 25. 3389-3402 (1997)). Natl. Acad. Sci.
- an antibody against the isolated protein of the present invention can be prepared by administering the isolated protein to an animal as an immunogen as described below. Using such an antibody, the enzyme can be measured and quantified by immunoassay. 0608
- the present invention is also useful for producing such an immunogen.
- the protein of the present invention includes polypeptide fragments, mutants, fusion proteins and the like of the protein containing an antigenic determinant or an epitope for eliciting antibody formation;
- the enzyme protein of the present invention can be isolated and purified by the following methods.
- a genetic engineering technique a technique has been established in which a transformant is cultured and grown, and a target substance is isolated and purified from the culture or grown product.
- the enzyme protein of the present invention can also be expressed (produced) by, for example, culturing a transformant containing an expression vector into which the nucleic acid of the present invention has been incorporated in a nutrient medium.
- the nutrient medium for the transformant preferably contains a carbon source, an inorganic nitrogen source or an organic nitrogen source necessary for the growth of the host cell (transformant). Examples of the carbon source include glucose, dextran, soluble starch, sucrose, and methanol.
- inorganic nitrogen source or the organic nitrogen source examples include ammonium salts, nitrates, amino acids, corn chip liquor, peptone, casein, meat extract, soybean meal, potato extract and the like.
- other nutrients eg, inorganic salts (eg, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium chloride)
- vitamins eg, tetracycline, neomycin, ampicillin, kanamycin, etc.
- antibiotics eg, tetracycline, neomycin, ampicillin, kanamycin, etc.
- the culturing is performed by a method known in the art. Culture conditions, for example, temperature, pH of the medium, and culture time are appropriately selected so that the protein of the present invention is produced in large quantities.
- the enzyme protein of the present invention should be recovered from the above culture or grown product as follows. 3 3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ Ma is collected by centrifugation or filtration, etc., and the host cells are collected in an appropriate buffer (for example, if the concentration is Buffers such as about 100 to 100 mM Tris buffer, phosphate buffer, HEPES buffer, MES buffer, etc. The pH varies depending on the buffer used, but the pH is 5.0 to 9.0. After the suspension, the cells are disrupted by a method suitable for the host cell to be used, and the contents of the host cell are obtained by centrifugation.
- Buffers such as about 100 to 100 mM Tris buffer, phosphate buffer, HEPES buffer, MES buffer, etc.
- the pH varies depending on the buffer used, but the pH is 5.0 to 9.0.
- the target protein When the quality is secreted out of the host cells, the culture medium is separated from the host cells by centrifugation or filtration to obtain a culture filtrate.
- the host cell-disrupted liquid or the culture filtrate can be used for isolation and purification of the protein as it is or after ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis.
- Methods for isolating and purifying the target protein include the following methods. That is, when a tag such as 6X histidine, GST, or maltose binding protein is attached to the protein, a method using affinity chromatography that is generally suitable for each tag can be used. On the other hand, when the protein according to the present invention is produced without such a tag, for example, a method using ion exchange chromatography can be mentioned. In addition, a method combining gel filtration, hydrophobic chromatography, isoelectric focusing, or the like may be used.
- an expression vector that facilitates isolation and purification.
- an expression vector is constructed so as to express in the form of a fusion protein of a polypeptide having enzyme activity and a labeled peptide, and the enzyme protein is prepared by genetic engineering, isolation and purification are easy. is there.
- the above-mentioned discriminating peptide include, when the enzyme of the present invention is prepared by genetic recombination, expression of the discriminating peptide and a polypeptide having an enzymatic activity as a fusion protein, whereby the transformant is obtained. It is a peptide having a function of facilitating secretion / separation / purification or detection of the enzyme of the present invention from a grown product.
- discriminating peptides include, for example, signal peptides (a 15-30 amino acid residue that is located at the ⁇ -terminus of many proteins and that functions in cells to select proteins in the intracellular membrane permeation mechanism).
- signal peptides a 15-30 amino acid residue that is located at the ⁇ -terminus of many proteins and that functions in cells to select proteins in the intracellular membrane permeation mechanism.
- peptide consisting of groups: for example 0RapA, etc.
- signanole peptide protein kinase A, protein A, gnoretathion S transferase, His tag, myc tag, FLAG peptide, T7 tag, S tag, HSV tag, pelB or HA tag
- the expression and purification of the enzyme according to the present invention by an engineering technique are preferred because it is easier, and it is particularly preferable to obtain a fusion protein with the FLAG peptide (Asp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys). It is preferable because it is extremely excellent in handling.
- the FLAG peptide is highly antigenic and provides an epitope to which a specific monoclonal antibody reversibly binds, allowing for rapid access and easy purification of the expressed recombinant protein.
- the murine hybridoma designated 4E11
- 4E11 has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,011,912, which is hereby incorporated by reference into the present disclosure to identify the presence of certain divalent metal cations.
- a monoclonal antibody is produced that binds to the FLAG peptide.
- the 4Eli hybridoma cell line has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection under the deposit number HB 9259.
- Monoclonal antibodies that bind to the FLAG peptide are available from Eastman Kodak Co., Scientific Imaging Systems Division ⁇ New Haven, CO.
- a fusion protein that can be expressed in mammalian cells and is fused with the above-mentioned FLAG peptide 4 000608
- a basic vector from which the enzyme protein of the present invention can be obtained as a quality is, for example, pFLAG-CMV-1 (Sigma).
- a vector that can be expressed in insect cells include pFBIF (a vector in which a region encoding a FLAG peptide is incorporated into pFastBac (Invitro Jardin): see Examples described later).
- pFBIF a vector in which a region encoding a FLAG peptide is incorporated into pFastBac (Invitro Jardin): see Examples described later.
- pFBIF a vector in which a region encoding a FLAG peptide is incorporated into pFastBac (Invitro Jardin): see Examples described later.
- Those skilled in the art can select an appropriate basic vector based on the host cell used for the expression of the enzyme, restriction enzymes, identification peptides, and the like.
- the present invention provides antibodies that are immunoreactive with the G34 enzyme protein.
- Such an antibody may specifically bind to the enzyme protein via the antibody's antigen binding site (as opposed to non-specific binding).
- a protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, or a fragment, mutant, or fusion protein thereof can be used as an immunogen for producing an antibody that is immunoreactive with the protein. It is.
- proteins, fragments, mutants, fusion proteins and the like contain antigenic determinants or epitopes that elicit antibody formation, but these antigenic determinants or epitopes may be linear or higher order.
- the structure may be used.
- the antigenic determinant or epitope can be identified by any method known in the art. Therefore, the present invention also relates to the antigenic epitope of the G34 enzyme protein. Such epitopes are useful in generating antibodies, particularly monoclonal antibodies, as described in more detail below.
- the epitopes of the invention purify antibodies that specifically bind in Atsushi and from substances such as polyclonal sera or supernatants from cultured hybridomas.
- Antibodies of all aspects can be induced by the enzyme protein of the present invention, which can be used or by using recombinant DNA technology, wherein all or part of the polypeptide of the protein or the epitope is isolated. If you use Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies can be prepared using standard techniques. See, for example, Kennet et al. (Supervised), Monoclonal Antibodies, Hybridomas: A New Dimension in Biological Analyzes, Plenum Press, New York, 1980.
- hybridoma cell line that produces a mono'clonal antibody specific to the G34 enzyme protein.
- hybridomas can be produced and identified by conventional techniques.
- One method for producing such a hybridoma cell line is to immunize an animal with the enzyme protein of the present invention, collect spleen cells from the immunized animal, fuse the spleen cells with a myeloma cell line, This involves generating hybridoma cells and identifying a hybridoma cell line that produces a monoclonal antibody that binds to the enzyme.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be recovered by conventional techniques.
- the monoclonal antibodies of the present invention include chimeric antibodies, for example, humanized forms of murine monoclonal antibodies. Such humanized antibodies have the advantage of being administered to humans to reduce immunogenicity.
- an antigen-binding fragment of the above antibody there is also provided an antigen-binding fragment of the above antibody.
- antigen-binding fragments that can be produced by conventional techniques include, but are not limited to, Fab and F (ab ') 2 fragments.
- Antibody fragments and derivatives that can be produced by genetic engineering techniques are also provided.
- the antibody of the present invention can be used as an assay for detecting the presence of the G34 enzyme protein of the present invention or a polypeptide fragment thereof both in vitro and in vivo.
- the antibody of the present invention can also be used for purifying the G34 enzyme protein or its polypeptide fragment by immunoabsorption chromatography.
- the antibodies of the present invention may be provided as blocking antibodies capable of blocking the binding of the glycosyltransferase protein to a binding partner, eg, a receptor substrate, and such binding may result in the biological activity of the enzyme. Can be inhibited.
- blocking antibodies can be identified using any suitable assay, including testing the antibody for its ability to inhibit the binding of the protein to specific cells expressing the receptor substrate. Can be.
- Blocking antibodies can also be identified in Atsey for their ability to inhibit biological effects resulting from the enzyme protein binding to the binding partner of the target cell. Such antibodies can be used in in vitro methods or administered in vivo to inhibit a biological activity mediated by the entity that produced the antibody. Thus, according to the present invention, there can also be provided antibodies for treating disorders caused or exacerbated by direct or indirect interaction between a G34 enzyme protein and a binding partner. Such therapy would involve administering to the mammal an in vivo amount of a blocking antibody effective to inhibit the binding partner-mediated biological activity. Generally, monoclonal antibodies are preferred for use in such therapies, and in one embodiment, antigen-binding antibody fragments are used.
- the present inventors have found that, with the discovery of the G34 enzyme protein described above, mRNA encoding this protein is widely observed in cancerous tissues and cell lines, and particularly, its expression level is significantly increased in cancerous tissues. confirmed. Therefore, G34 nucleic acids are useful as cancer markers useful for cancer diagnosis and the like for biological samples containing transcripts.
- the present invention provides a measurement nucleic acid capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions to a nucleic acid defined by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3.
- nucleic acid for measurement of the present invention targets a G34 nucleic acid in a biological sample, and is a primer or a probe having a base sequence selected from the base sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 3.
- the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is derived from the mRNA encoding the structural gene, and includes the entire open reading frame (0RF) of the G34 gene. A full length of 1 or 3 or almost the same length is found.
- the primer or probe according to the present invention can be used to prepare a desired partial sequence selected from each nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 (whether it should be homologous or complementary to the selected sequence depends on the method of use).
- a typical primer or probe includes a natural DNA fragment derived from a nucleic acid having at least a part of the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, and synthesized to have at least a part of the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3. DNA fragments or their complementary strands.
- the target nucleic acid in a biological sample can be detected and / or quantified as described below.
- the nucleic acid of the present invention may be used as an antisense primer for medical research or gene therapy.
- a preferred embodiment of the nucleic acid for measurement of the present invention is a nucleic acid having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, or a probe targeting at least one of the complementary strands thereof, and at least one selected from these nucleotide sequences.
- the nucleic acid for measurement of the present invention has a length of more than 10 bases, for example, 15 bases, and preferably about 17 bases, and can specifically bind to its target nucleic acid under stringent conditions. It is understood that it can be hybridized. That is, those skilled in the art should select an appropriate partial sequence of at least 15 to 20 bases from the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 according to various known strategies for designing oligonucleotide probes. Can be. In this case, the amino acid sequence information of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4 is useful for selecting a unique sequence that is considered suitable as a probe.
- the probe of the present invention for the purpose of medical research is: A nucleic acid consisting of 50 to 500 bases, more preferably 60 to 300 bases, selected from the respective base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 3 is exemplified.
- the above-mentioned stringent conditions are medium or high as described above. Indicates a stringent condition.
- a person skilled in the art can easily find a moderate or high stringent condition suitable for the selected probe, based on the well-known techniques and empirical rules regarding various probe design methods and hybridization conditions. , Can be implemented.
- the relatively short oligonucleotide probe is one or several bases in comparison with the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3. In particular, even if there is a mismatch of about 1 or 2 bases, it can function as a probe. In addition, the relatively long cDNA probe functions as a probe even if there is a mismatch of 50% or less, preferably 20% or less with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or its complementary nucleotide sequence. Can play.
- the probe of the present invention designed as described above is used as a labeled probe labeled with a fluorescent label, a radioactive label, a biotin label, or the like, in order to detect or confirm a hybrid with the target sequence in G34. Can be done.
- the labeled probe of the present invention can be used to confirm or quantify a PCR amplification product from a G34 nucleic acid.
- a probe that targets the base sequence in a region located between a pair of primer sequences used for PCR is an oligonucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 (corresponding to the complementary strand of nucleotide numbers 525 to 556 in SEQ ID NO: 1) (Example 3).
- the probe of the present invention may be incorporated in a diagnostic DNA probe kit or the like, or may be fixed on a chip such as a DNA microarray.
- a preferred embodiment of the primer obtained from the nucleic acid for canceration assay of the present invention is an oligonucleotide primer.
- two regions may be selected from the ORF region of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 so as to satisfy the following conditions.
- each region is several tens of bases or more, particularly 15 or more bases, preferably 17 or more bases, more preferably 20 or more bases, and 50 or less bases; and b) each region
- the percentage of G + C in the composition is 40 to 70%; In practice, it may be produced as a single-stranded DNA having the same nucleotide sequence as the two regions selected as described above or a nucleotide sequence complementary thereto, and does not lose the binding specificity to those nucleotide sequences.
- a single-stranded DNA modified as described above may be produced.
- the primer of the present invention preferably has a sequence completely complementary to the selected target sequence, but may have a mismatch of 1 or 2 bases.
- Examples of a pair of primers according to the present invention include, for human G34, SEQ ID NO: 14 and SEQ ID NO: 15 (sequences of base numbers 48 1-501 and SEQ ID NO: 56 2 in SEQ ID NO: 1 respectively). And a pair of oligonucleotides consisting of SEQ ID NO: 17 and SEQ ID NO: 18 (respectively, base number 4 81 in SEQ ID NO: 3) in mouse G34. (Corresponding to the sequence of -501 and the complementary chain of base numbers 562-581)).
- the G34 nucleic acid of the present invention has a significantly increased expression level (ie, the level of transcription of the gene from the genome to mRNA) in a cancerous biological sample as compared to a healthy biological sample.
- a significantly increased expression level ie, the level of transcription of the gene from the genome to mRNA
- the transcript extracted from a biological sample or a nucleic acid library derived therefrom is used as a test sample, and the amount of the G34 nucleic acid is determined using the above-described probe or primer. (Typically the amount of mRNA) and determine whether this measurement significantly exceeds that of a healthy biological sample.
- the test biological sample is determined to be cancerous or malignant.
- the reference value for a healthy biological sample serving as a control is the same as that for the control part 1 'in the same tissue of the same patient, which is positively suspended from the control section.
- a bridge value may be used, or a value generalized based on known data obtained from a control site or the like, for example, an average value of mRNA amount in healthy tissue may be used.
- human G34 showed a high level of expression in normal regions of brain, skeletal muscle, spleen, adrenal gland, testis, and prostate, and At relatively low levels but significant expression .
- the expression of human G34 is widely observed in various tissues in general, and the expression level of human G34 is significantly increased even in tissues having relatively low expression levels such as colon and lung tissues. It has been found.
- the criteria set according to the malignancy to be judged can be judged. For example, to detect highly aggressive tissues, to set a lower reference value to be positive, or to comprehensively detect test samples that have no or no sign of canceration
- the criterion can be arbitrarily set according to the purpose, for example, by setting a higher reference value to be positive.
- the following describes the canceration detection method of the present invention, taking the hybridization method and the PCR method as examples.
- aspects of the assay include, for example, various hybrids known to those skilled in the art, such as Southern blot, Northern blot, dot plot, or co-needle hybridization using a probe obtained from the nucleic acid of the present invention. Includes a method using a hybridization assay. If further amplification or quantification of the detection signal is required, they may be combined with an immunoassay.
- a test nucleic acid or an amplified product thereof extracted from a biological sample is immobilized, hybridized with a labeled probe under stringent conditions, washed, and bound to a solid phase. The label is measured.
- Extraction and purification of transcripts from biological samples can be performed using any method known to those of skill in the art.
- Preferred embodiments of the canceration assay of the present invention also include a PCR method utilizing a nucleic acid amplification reaction with the primer of the present invention.
- the details of the PCR are as described above.
- a specific embodiment of the present assay using PCR will be described.
- the G34 mRNA in the transcript to be tested is a predetermined region selected from its nucleotide sequence.
- the nucleic acid in a healthy tissue can be measured in the same manner.
- Nucleic acids of genes that are widely and commonly present in the same tissue etc.> For example, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate monodehydrogenase (GAPDH), nucleic acid encoding] 3-actin is used as a control to determine individual differences. Should be removed. The measured value of the G34 transcript level is compared to determine the presence or absence of cancer, as described above, to test the degree of malignancy.
- GPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate monodehydrogenase
- the nucleic acid sample to be subjected to the PCR method may be either an entire mRNA extracted from a biological sample such as a test tissue or a cell, or an entire cDNA reverse-transcribed from the mRNA.
- the NASBA method 3SR method, TMA method
- the primer pair of the present invention Since the NASBA method itself is well known, and a kit therefor is commercially available, it can be easily carried out using the primer pair of the present invention.
- Detection or quantification of the above amplification products can be carried out by electrophoresis of the reaction solution after amplification and staining the band with ethidium bromide, or by immobilizing the amplification products after electrophoresis to a solid phase such as a nylon membrane. It can be carried out by hybridizing a labeled probe (for example, having a base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16) that specifically hybridizes with the test nucleic acid, washing, and detecting the label.
- a labeled probe for example, having a base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16
- Suitable PCR methods for this assay include quantitative PCR, particularly RT-PCR for kinetic analysis and quantitative real-time PCR.
- the quantitative real-time RT-PCR method targeting the mRNA library is suitable from the viewpoint that the measurement target can be directly purified from a biological sample and directly reflects the transcription level.
- the quantification of nucleic acids in this assay is not limited to quantitative PCR, and other known methods such as Northern plots, dot plots, and DNA microarrays using the above-described probes can be used for PCR products. Apply DNA quantification method 2004/000608
- kits for quantitative RT-PCR are commercially available, so it can be easily performed.
- semiquantify the target nucleic acid based on the intensity of the electrophoresis band.
- Another embodiment of the canceration assay method of the present invention includes an assay for determining the effect of curing or alleviating cancer.
- the subject of the assay includes all treatments such as administration of an anticancer drug, radiation therapy, and the like, and the subject of the treatment includes in vitro cancer cells and cancer tissues derived from a cancer patient or an animal model of carcinogenesis.
- the transcription level of G3 nucleic acid in the biological sample decreases due to the treatment.
- the therapeutic effect of the treatment on cancer can be known.
- the present invention is not limited to the determination of whether or not the transcription level is reduced, and may be evaluated as effective when the increase is significantly suppressed.
- the comparison of the transcript level may be not only a comparison with untreated tissue, but also a time course after treatment.
- the cancer therapeutic effect assay according to the present invention includes, for example, whether or not the anticancer drug candidate is effective on cancerous tissue and whether or not resistance has been formed to the anticancer drug being administered to the cancer patient. This includes determination as to whether or not it is effective.
- the test tissues of the experimental model animals include not only in vitro but also in vivo or ex vivo samples.
- the present inventors have determined the presence of mouse G34 and its nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3).
- the present invention provides a means for analyzing G34 expression and function at the animal individual level based on various gene conversion techniques using fertilized eggs and ES cells, typically a transgenic animal into which the G34 gene has been introduced, (4) Also relates to production of knockout mice lacking mouse G34.
- knockout mice can be produced in accordance with a conventional method in the technical field (the latest technology of gene targeting, edited by Ken Yagi, Yodosha: Gene Targeting, translated by Tetsuo Noda, Medical 'Science' International) Please refer to the company. That is, those skilled in the art can use the mouse G34 nucleic acid sequence information disclosed in the present application to obtain a G3 homologous recombination ES cell according to a known gene targeting method, and use this to transform a G34 knockout mouse. It can be fabricated (see Example 7).
- G34 knockout mouse is not only related to the involvement of the G34 ⁇ gene in specific biological phenomena, ie, information on the duplication of the gene, but also the deficiency of the gene and the phenotype at the individual level (motor, intelligence) And any type of abnormalities related to sensory functions), as well as the function of the gene in the life cycle of the individual, such as development, growth and aging. More specifically, detection of carriers of sugar chains synthesized by G34 and mG34, physiological functions, association with diseases, and the like can be examined using knockout mice obtained by the above method.
- glycoproteins and glycolipids from each tissue extracted from knockout mice and comparing them with wild-type mice using proteomics or other techniques (eg, two-dimensional electrophoresis, two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, etc.)
- proteomics or other techniques eg, two-dimensional electrophoresis, two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, etc.
- the carrier of the synthesized sugar chain can be identified.
- by comparing the expression systems of knockout mice and wild-type mice for example, fetal formation, developmental processes, spontaneous motility, etc.
- the term "measured value” or "expression J" of the transcription level of a nucleic acid refers to the amount of the nucleic acid present in a certain amount of a transcript derived from a biological sample, that is, the nucleic acid. Since the assay method of the present invention relies on comparing these measured values, nucleic acids were amplified by PCR or the like for quantification, or signals from probe labels were amplified. In this case, it is also possible to make a relative comparison between the amplified values, so that the “measured value for nucleic acid” can be understood as the amount after amplification or the signal level after amplification. .
- target nucleic acid refers to not only G34 mRNA but also any type of nucleic acid obtained by converting the mRNA into a type, whether in vivo or in vitro. Is included.
- base sequence includes sequences complementary thereto unless otherwise specified.
- biological sample refers to organs, tissues and cells, as well as organs, tissues and cells derived from experimental animals, but is preferably a tissue or cells.
- tissues include brain, fetal brain, cerebellum, medulla, submandibular gland, thyroid, trachea, lungs, heart, skeletal muscle, esophagus, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, colon, liver, fetal liver, fetal liver
- the kidney, adrenal gland, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, testis, prostate, mammary gland, ovary, and placenta are more preferably large intestine and lung.
- the term “measurement” or “assay” includes any of detection, amplification, quantification, and semi-quantitation.
- the assay method according to the present invention relates to an assay for canceration of a biological sample as described above, and can be applied to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the medical field.
- the term “assay for canceration” includes an assay for whether a biological sample is carcinogenic and an assay for whether or not the malignancy is high.
- the term “cancer” typically includes malignant tumors in general and includes disease states caused by the malignant tumors.
- the subject of the assay according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but neuroblastoma, glioma, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, stomach cancer, Tengler cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, duodenal cancer, small intestine cancer Colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, colon cancer, leukemia, preferably colon cancer, lung cancer.
- Example 1 Cloning and expression of human G34 gene and purification of expressed protein
- a nucleic acid sequence having homology (SEQ ID NO: 1) was found.
- the open reading frame (0RF) predicted from the nucleic acid sequence is 1503 bp, and has an amino acid sequence of 500 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- the product encoded by these nucleic acid and amino acid sequences was designated as human G34.
- At the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence of G34 there is a hydrophobic amino acid region characteristic of glycosyltransferase.
- the homology with the i33GalT6 is 47% in the nucleic acid sequence and 28% in the amino acid sequence. It also retains all three motifs in the i3 3GalT family.
- G34 in mammalian cells was confirmed, and G34 was expressed in insect cells in order to examine the details of its activity.
- the active region from G36 amino acid to the C-terminus of G34 was transfected into a mammalian cell line expression vector pFLAG-CMV3 by FLAG Protein in Expression System (Sigma Aldrich). If pFLAG-CMV3 is used, it has a multiple cloning site, and the target gene and pFLAG-CMV3 can be introduced into pFLAG-CMV3 by performing a ligation reaction after treating them with restriction enzymes.
- PCR reaction was performed using the DNA to obtain a target DNA fragment.
- the PCR method is 98 ° C for 10 seconds, 55 ° C for 30 seconds, and 12. This was performed under the condition that the same 2 minutes were repeated 25 times.
- the PCR product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and the gel was excised by gel excision and isolated by a standard method. This PCR product has HindII I on the 5 side and BamHI on the 3 'side as restriction enzyme sites.
- Human kidney cell-derived cell line 293T cells (2 ⁇ 10 6 cells) were suspended in 10 ml of DMEM medium (Invitrogen) containing 10% fetal serum without antibiotics, and seeded on a 10 cm dish. and cultured in C0 2 incubator at time 37 ° C.
- 20 n of pFLAG_CMV3-G34A and 30 ⁇ l of Lipofectamin 2000 (Invitrogen) were mixed with 1.5 ml of 0PTI-MEM (Invitrogen), respectively, and incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes. Further, the two solutions were mixed gently and incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes. This mixed solution was added dropwise to the di V shoe, and cultured in C0 2 in Kyubeta at 48 hours 37 ° C.
- the active region from amino acid 36 to the C-terminus of G34 was incorporated into pFastBac (manufactured by Invitrogen) of the GATEWAY system (manufactured by Invitrogen). .
- This product was incorporated into pD0NR201 (manufactured by Invitrogen) by a BP clonase reaction to prepare an “entry clone”.
- the reaction was carried out by incubating the target DNA fragment 51, pD0NR20111 (I50ng), reaction buffer 21 and BP clonase mix 21 at 25 ° C for 1 hour. 1 plus proteinase K 37. The reaction was terminated every 10 minutes of C. Then, add the above reaction solution 1
- the above-mentioned entry clone has attL which is a recombination site when lambda phage is cut out from E. coli on both sides of the insertion site, and LR clonase (a mixture of lambda phage recombination enzymes Int, IHF and Xis) ) And the destination vector, the insertion site is transferred to the destination vector and the expression clone is created.
- the specific steps are as follows.
- pFBIF is pFastBac 1 containing an Ig / c signal sequence (SEQ ID NO: 9) and a FLAG peptide for purification (SEQ ID NO: 10) .
- the IgK signal sequence is used to make the expressed protein a secretory form.
- FLAG peptide was purchased for purification.
- the FLAG peptide had 0T3 (SEQ ID NO: 11) as the ⁇ type, and the DNA fragment obtained by the primers 0T20 (SEQ ID NO: 12) and 0T21 (SEQ ID NO: 13) was inserted with Bam HI and Eco R1. .
- the Gateway Vector Conversion System (Nytrogen) to enter the conversion cassette;
- This system uses a Tn7 recombination site and introduces pFastBac with the target gene inserted into bacmid-containing Escherichia coli (DH10BAC, manufactured by Invitrogen).
- DH10BAC Bacmid-containing Escherichia coli
- Bacmid also contains the lacZ gene and can be selected using classical blue (no insertion) and white colonies (with insertion).
- the above-mentioned purified vector (pFBIH-G34A) was transformed into a competent cell (E. coli).
- DH10BAC DH10BAC
- heat-shocking inoculate on LB plate containing kanamycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, Bluogal, and IPTG, further culture single white colonies the next day, and collect bacmid did.
- the bacmid was introduced into insect cell Sf21 (available from Invitrogen).
- the culture solution was aspirated from the cells, the diluted ipid-DNA complexes solution was added to the cells, and the mixture was incubated at 27 ° C for 5 hours. Thereafter, the transfusion mixture was removed, and 2 ml of an Sf-900 SFM culture solution containing an antibiotic was added, followed by incubation at 27 ° C for 72 hours. After 72 hours from the transfection, the cells were detached by pipetting, and the cells and the culture solution were collected. This was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was stored in another tube (this supernatant becomes the primary virus solution).
- G34 protein ⁇ 1,3-1-acetylgalatatosamine transfer activity was examined for substrate specificity, optimal buffer solution, optimal ⁇ , and divalent ion requirement.
- the receptor-substrate specificity of GalNAc transfer activity was examined.
- acceptor substrates of the following reaction solutions include pNp-a-Gal, oNp-jS-Gal, Bz-a_GlcNAc, pNp-j3-GlcNAc ⁇ Bz- ⁇ -GalNAc ⁇ pNp-j8-GalNAc, pNp-h-Glc ⁇ pNp-j3-Glc ⁇ pNp- ⁇ -GlcA, pNp-ichi-Fuc, pNp- ⁇ ; Xyl, pNp-Xyl and pNp- ⁇ -Man (all Sigma) as 10 nmol each Was.
- Gal indicates a D-galactose residue
- rxylj indicates a D-xylose residue
- Fluc indicates a D-fucosyl residue
- Man indicates a D- Indicates a mannose residue
- GlcA indicates a dalc acid residue.
- the reaction solution (final concentration in Kakko) is substrate (10 nmol), MES (2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid) (pH 6.5, 50 mM), MnCl 2 (10 mM) Triton X-100 (trade name) ( 0.1%), was mixed with UDP-GalNAc (2 mM) and UDP- [ "C] GlcNAc (40 nCi), this is the G34 enzyme solution 5 mu. 1 in addition to further Eta 2 0 was added The total volume was 20 ⁇ l (see Table 1).
- the reaction mixture was reacted at 37 ° C. for 16 hours. After the reaction was completed, 200 / zl of H 20 was added, and the mixture was lightly centrifuged to obtain a supernatant. After washing once with 1 ml of methanol, passed through a supernatant to 1 ml of H 2 0 twice washed and equilibrated Sep- Pak plus C18 Cartridge (manufactured by Waters Corporation), a substrate in the supernatant Oyo ⁇ The product was adsorbed on the cartridge. After washing the cartridge twice with 1 ml of 0, the adsorbed substrate product was eluted with 1 ral of methanol.
- the eluate was mixed with 5 ml of liquid scintillator ACSII (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience), and the amount of radiation was measured using a scintillation counter (manufactured by Beckman Co., Ltd.).
- ACSII liquid scintillator
- the G34 protein was found to be a GalNAc transferase having an activity of transferring GalNAc to pNp-; 3-GlcNAc.
- the enzyme activity increased linearly with the reaction time of at least 0 to 16 hours when UDP-GlcNAc was used as the donor substrate and Bz-jS-GlcNAc was used as the acceptor substrate (Table 2 and FIG. 1). See).
- the binding format was analyzed by NMR.
- the reaction solution (final concentration in Kakko) was HEPES buffer (pH 7.4, 1 mM) using ⁇ -GlcNAc (640 plates ol) as the acceptor substrate, and Triton. -54 (trade name) (0 ⁇ 3, UDP - .. GalNAc (2 mM), MnCl 2 (10 mM) and were added G34 enzyme solution 500 mu 1 to make a total volume of 2 ml addition of more Eta 2 0 reaction The solution was reacted for 16 hours at 37 ° C. The reaction was stopped by heating the reaction solution at 95 ° C. for 5 minutes, followed by filtration and purification using Ultrafree-MC (Millipore).
- the first-order signals of the two residues both have a piston coupling constant of 8.4 Hz, and the two pyranoses are of the i3 type.
- the spin coupling constants are shown in Fig. 3, where A shows the spin coupling constant characteristic of Darcos, and B shows the spin coupling constant characteristic of galactose.
- N0E was observed between the methylene and A1 protons of benzyl, indicating that A was a benzyl-bonded residue. d) There are two N-acetyl methyl signals, indicating that the two residues are N-acetylated sugars. e) N0E of B1-A3 exists in N0ESY.
- FIG. 5 shows a comparison between the deduced amino acid sequence of the G34 protein (SEQ ID NO: 2) and the amino acid sequences of various human ⁇ -3Gal transferases (j33Gal-T1 to T6).
- the boxed area shows the motifs common to Gal transferases.
- the 3 motifs boxed in the Ml to 3 frames are common to ⁇ 1,3-linked glycosyltransferases. Motif.
- * marks indicate amino acid residues conserved between the compared sequences.
- Figure 6 shows the ⁇ 1,3 bond formation ability between various ⁇ l-3GlcNAc transferases ( ⁇ 3Gn- ⁇ 2- ⁇ 5) and human Gal transferases T1-T3, ⁇ 5, ⁇ 6.
- the comparison is shown for three motifs (corresponding to the above-mentioned ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 to 3 motifs in FIG. 5).
- the asterisks in the figure indicate amino acid residues conserved between the compared sequences.
- the amino acid sequence of the G34 protein Species j31 conserveed enough to say that it has all the motifs (Ml-3) related to the / 31,3 bond in comparison with the amino acid sequence of the 1,3-linked glycosyltransferase I understood.
- the optimal buffer and optimal pH for G34 GalNAc transfer activity were examined.
- the receptor substrate used was pNp-] 3-GlcNAc.
- Buffer (final concentration in Kakko) is MES (2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid) buffer (pH 5.5, 5.78, 6.0, 6.5 and 6.75, 50 mM), power Sodium codylate buffer (pH 5.0, 5.6, 6.0, 6.2, 6.6, 6.8, 7.0, 7.2, 7.4 and 7.5, 25 mM) and N- [2-Hydroxityl] pidazine-N '-[2-Ethanthnorefonic acid (HEPES) buffer (pH 6.75, 7.00, 7.30, 7.40 and 7.50) , 14 mM).
- the reaction mixture was reacted at 37 ° C. for 16 hours. After the reaction was completed, H 20 was added to 200 ⁇ 1, and the mixture was lightly centrifuged to obtain a supernatant. The supernatant was passed through a Sep-Pak plus C18 Cartridge (Waters) equilibrated after washing once with 1 ml of methanol and then 2 times with 1 ml of 0, and the substrate and product in the supernatant were washed. Was adsorbed on the cartridge. After washing the cartridge twice with 1 ml of H 2 0, to elute the substrate and product adsorbed with 1 ml of methanol.
- the eluate was mixed with 5 ml of a liquid scintillator ACSII (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience), and the amount of radiation was measured using a scintillation counter (manufactured by Beckman Coulter Inc.).
- ACSII liquid scintillator
- the requirements for divalent ions were studied using the following reaction system.
- the receptor substrate is
- the reaction solution (final concentration in Kakko) is substrate (10 nmol), HEPES buffer (pH 7.4, 14 mM), Triton CF-54 (trade name) (0.3 ° /.), UDP- GalNAc (2 mM), UDP- [C] GlcNAC (40 nCi), and 5 ⁇ l of G34 enzyme solution were added.
- This MnCl 2, M g and Cl 2 or CoCl 2 2.
- 5 mM, 5 mM , 10 raM, and 20 mM and 40 mM ⁇ Ka ⁇ to make a total volume of 20 mu 1 further addition of H 2 0.
- the above reaction mixture was reacted at 37 ° C. for 16 hours. After the reaction was completed, 200 ⁇ l of H 20 was added, and the mixture was lightly centrifuged to obtain a supernatant. After washing once with 1 ml of methanol, passed through a supernatant to 1 ml of H 2 0 Sep- washed and equilibrated twice with Pak plus C18 Cartri dge (manufactured by Waters Corporation), a substrate in the supernatant Contact The product was adsorbed on the cartridge. After washing the cartridge twice with 1 ml of H 2 0, substrate and product adsorbed with 1 ml of methanol PT / JP2004 / 000608
- the eluate was mixed with 5 ml of a liquid scintillator ACSII (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience), and the amount of radiation was measured using a scintillation counter (manufactured by Beckman's Coulter).
- ACSII liquid scintillator
- Receptor substrates are pNp- ⁇ -Gal, oNp-jS-Gal, ⁇ - ⁇ -GlcNAc, Bz- ⁇ -GlcNAc, Bz- ⁇ -GalNAc ⁇ Np- ⁇ -GalNAc, pNp-H-Glc, pNp- / 3 -Glc ⁇ pNp-j3-GlcA, Np- -Fuc, pNp -hi-Xyl, pNp-] 3-Xyl, pNp- ⁇ -Man, ratatoside-Bz, Lac-ceramide, Gal-ceramide, paragloboside, Guroposhido, Gal-) 31-4 GalNAc-a- pNp, Gal-] 31- 3 GlcNAc- ⁇ -pNp s GlcNAc - j3 DOO 4 Glc
- GalNAc- ⁇ - ⁇ GalNAc- ⁇ - ⁇
- pNp-core2 GalNAc- ⁇ 1-3 (GlcNAc-j31-6) GalNAc -hi pNp
- pNp-core3 GalNAc- j31-3 GalNAc- a- pNp
- pNp-core6 GlcNAc- j31-6 GalNAc-hy-pNp was used.
- “Lac” indicates a D-lactose residue.
- the reaction solution (final concentration in Kakko) was substrate (50 nmol), HEPES buffer (pH 7.4, 14 mM), Triton CF-54 (trade name) (0.3 ° /.), UDP-GalNAc ( 2 mM), MnCl 2 (10 mM), 5 ⁇ l of UDP- [ 3 H] GlcNAc and G34 enzyme solutions. Make a total volume of 20 mu 1 further adding Eta 2 0.
- the above reaction mixture was reacted at 37 ° C. for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, 200 ⁇ 1 of H 20 was added, and the mixture was lightly centrifuged to obtain a supernatant. After washing once with 1 ml of methanol, pass the supernatant through Sep-Pak plus C18 Cartridge (Waters) equilibrated by washing twice with 1 ral 3 ⁇ 40 and equilibrate the substrate in the supernatant. The product was adsorbed on the cartridge. After washing the cartridge twice with 1 ml of 0, the adsorbed substrate and product were eluted with 1 ml of methanol.
- the eluate was mixed with 5 ml of a liquid scintillator ACSII (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience), and the amount of radiation was measured with a scintillation counter (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
- ACSII liquid scintillator
- the reaction mixture (Katsuko the final concentration), ⁇ - - GlcNAc (10 nmol) , HEPES buffer (P H 7. 4, 14 mM ), Triton CF - 54 ( trade name) (0. 3%), UDP -GalNAc (2 mM), MnCl 2 (10 raM) and 10 ⁇ l of G34 enzyme solution were added. Make a total volume of 20 mu 1 further adding Eta 2 0. This reaction solution was reacted at 37 ° C. for 16 hours. The reaction was stopped by adding 100 ⁇ of H 20 to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was purified by filtration with Ultrafree-MC (Millipore).
- MALDI-TOF-MS Matrix-assisted laser ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- G34 mRNA expression levels in normal human tissues were compared using quantitative real-time PCR.
- the quantitative real-time PCR method This is a method that combines a fluorescent probe with a fluorescent marker. When amplifying by PCR, the fluorescent label of the probe is removed and shows fluorescence. Fluorescence intensity is amplified in correlation with gene amplification. Quantification is performed using this as an index. RNA from each normal human tissue (Clontech) is extracted with the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen), and is extracted using Suner-Script First. -Strand Synthesis System (manufactured by Invitrogen) was used as the single strand DNA by the oligo (dT) method.
- the minute was repeated 50 times.
- the calibration curve was prepared by performing PCR according to the above-mentioned method using plasmid DNA obtained by introducing a partial sequence of G34 into pFLAG-CMV3 (Invitrogen) as type III.
- RNA from normal tissue of the same patient as the cancer tissue was extracted with the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) and converted into single strand DNA by oligo (dT) using Super-Script First-Strand Synthesis System (Invitrogen). .
- ABI PRISM 7700 (Applied Biosystems) was obtained using the 5 'primer (SEQ ID NO: 14), the 3' primer (SEQ ID NO: 15) and the TaqMan probe (SEQ ID NO: 16). Japan Co., Ltd.).
- the PCR conditions were as follows: a reaction was performed at 50 ° C for 2 minutes and 95 ° C for 10 minutes, and then 95 ° C for 15 seconds and 60 ° C for 1 minute were repeated 50 times. The obtained numerical values were divided by 0-actin, which was quantified using a kit manufactured by Applied Biosystems Japan, as an internal standard gene in order to correct variations among individuals, and a comparison was made.
- G34 in a mammal-derived cell line in order to examine the activity of mG3 in which the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 were named mouse G34 (mG34).
- the active region from the amino acid at position 35 to the C-terminus of mG34 was expressed using a FLAG Protein Expression System (Sigma-Aldrich) to express a mammalian cell line. The gene was introduced into pFLAG-CMV3.
- Mouse tissues (brain, thymus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, kidney, spleen, kidney, testis, and skeletal muscle) were type I, and 5 'primer (mG34-CMV-F1: SEQ ID NO: 17) and 3' A PCR reaction was performed using a primer (mG34-CMV-R1: SEQ ID NO: 18).
- the PCR method was performed under the conditions of repeating 98 ° C for 10 seconds, 55 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 2 minutes 25 times.
- the PCR product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and a band of about 1500 bp was confirmed. As a result, as shown in Table 10, expression was highest in the testis, followed by expression in the order of spleen and skeletal muscle.
- a PCR reaction was performed using a 5 'primer (mG34-CMV-F1: SEQ ID NO: 17) and a 3' primer (raG34-CMV-R1: SEQ ID NO: 18).
- the desired DNA fragment was obtained.
- the PCR method was performed under the conditions of repeating 98 ° C for 10 seconds, 55 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 2 minutes 25 times.
- the PCR product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and the gel was cut out by gel cutting out and isolated by a standard method.
- This PCR product has HindIII on the 5 'side and Notl on the 3' side as restriction enzyme sites.
- the target DM was confirmed by direct PCR on the colonies obtained the next day. To ensure the DNA sequence, the DNA sequence was confirmed by sequencing, and the vector (pFLAG-CMV3-raG34A) was extracted and purified.
- Human kidney cell-derived cell line 293T cells 2 ⁇ 10 6 cells were suspended in 10 ral of DMEM medium (Invitrogen) containing 10% fetal serum serum without antibiotics, and seeded on a 10 cm dish. and cultured in C0 2 incubator at time 37 ° C.
- 20 ng of pFLAG_CMV3-mG34A and 30 ⁇ l of Lipofectarain 2000 (Invitrogen) were mixed with 1.5 ml of 0 ⁇ - ⁇ (Invitro Jadin), respectively, and incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes. Further, the two solutions were mixed gently and incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes. This mixed solution was added dropwise to the dish, and cultured in C0 2 incubation. Over data at 48 hours 37 ° C.
- the following reaction system was used to examine the substrate specificity of mouse G34 in the / 31,3-N-acetylgalactosamine transfer activity.
- the ⁇ acceptor substrate '' of the following reaction solution includes ⁇ - ⁇ -Gal, oNp-jS-Gal, Bz- ⁇ -GlcNAc, Bz-) S-GlcNAc, Bz-a_Ga, cNp- ⁇ -GalNAc, pNp- ⁇ -Glc ⁇ pNp-j8-Glc, pNp--GlcA, pNp-a-Fuc, pNp-a-Xyl, pNp-j3-Xyl, pNp-a-an lactoside-Bz, Lac-ceramide, Gal-ceramide, Gb3, globoside, Ga-II-4GalNAc-a-pNp, Gal ⁇ l-3GlcNAc- ⁇ -Bz, GlcNAc
- the reaction solution (final concentration in Kakko) was substrate (10 nmol), HEPES (N— [2-hydroxyshethyl] piperazine-N '— [2-ethanesulfonic acid]) (pH 7.4, 14 mM ), MnCl 2 (10 mM) Triton CF-54 (trade name) (0.3%), UDP-GalNAc (2 mM) and UDP- [ 14 C] GlcNAC (40 nCi) were mixed, and mouse G34 the enzyme solution 5 1 added to make a total volume of 20 1 in addition to H 2 0.
- the reaction mixture was reacted at 37 ° C. for 16 hours. After the reaction was completed, 200 ⁇ l of 0 was added, and the mixture was lightly centrifuged to obtain a supernatant. Washed once with 1 ml of methanol, 1 ml of washed H 2 0 twice through upper cleanse the equilibrated Sep- Pak plus C18 Cartridge (manufactured by Waters Corporation), a substrate in the supernatant and production The object was adsorbed on the cartridge. After washing the cartridge twice with 1 ml of 0, the adsorbed substrate and product were eluted with 1 ml of methanol. The eluate was mixed with 5 ml of a liquid scintillator ACSII (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience), and the amount of radiation was measured using a scintillation counter (Beckman Co., Ltd.).
- ACSII liquid scintillator
- a chromosome fragment (approximately 10 kb) containing an exon containing the activation domain of the gene (mG34) to be knocked out 10 kb) of pBluescript II SK (-) (to prepare a targeting te queuing vector inserted into TOYOBO Ltd.) (P BSK-mG34-K0neo ).
- neo neomycin resistance gene
- neo neomycin resistance gene
- a restriction enzyme 80 was transfected into ES cells (derived from E14 I 129Sv mouse) (e.g., electoral poration) and G418 resistant. Select colonies. Transfer the G418 resistant colony to a 24-well plate and incubate. After cryopreservation of a part of the cells, DNA is extracted from the remaining ES cells, and about 120 clones in which recombination has occurred are selected by PCR. In addition, confirm that the recombination has occurred as planned by Southern blotting, etc., and finally select about 10 clones of the recombinant.
- Two of the selected ES cells are injected into blastocysts of C57BL / 6 mice.
- the mouse embryo into which the ES cells have been injected is transplanted into the offspring of the foster mother mouse to produce a chimeric mouse. Thereafter, a hetero knockout mouse can be obtained by germ transmission.
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EP04704763.4A EP1595955B1 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2004-01-23 | Beta 1,3-n-acetyl-d-galactosamine transferase protein, nucleic acid encoding the same and method of examining canceration using the same |
US10/539,450 US20060166211A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2004-01-23 | Ss 1,3-n-acetyl-d-galactosamine transferase protein, nucleic acid encoding the same and method of examining canceration using the same |
CA2517469A CA2517469C (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2004-01-23 | .beta.1,3-n-acetyl-d-galactosaminyltransferase protein and nucleic acid encoding the same, as well as canceration assay using the same |
AU2004205841A AU2004205841B2 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2004-01-23 | Beta1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase protein and nucleic acid encoding the same, as well as canceration assay using the same |
US12/216,077 US20080299615A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2008-06-30 | Beta1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase protein, nucleic acid encoding the same and method of examining canceration using the same |
US12/772,117 US8227213B2 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2010-04-30 | β1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase protein, nucleic acid encoding the same and method of examining canceration using the same |
US13/539,290 US8431365B2 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2012-06-29 | β1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase protein, nucleic acid encoding the same and method of examining canceration using the same |
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JP2003392555A JP2005065687A (ja) | 2003-01-23 | 2003-11-21 | β1,3−N−アセチル−D−ガラクトサミン転移酵素タンパク質及びそれをコードする核酸、並びにそれを用いた癌化検定方法 |
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JP2005065687A (ja) * | 2003-01-23 | 2005-03-17 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | β1,3−N−アセチル−D−ガラクトサミン転移酵素タンパク質及びそれをコードする核酸、並びにそれを用いた癌化検定方法 |
WO2021113290A1 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2021-06-10 | Alamar Biosciences, Inc. | Nucleic acid linked immune-sandwich assay (nulisa) |
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CA2338981A1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-10 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | .alpha.1,3-fucosyltransferase nucleic acid and polypeptide |
JP2000245464A (ja) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-09-12 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd | 新規ポリペプチド |
AU2284401A (en) | 1999-12-16 | 2001-06-25 | Zymogenetics Inc. | Galactosyltransferase homolog, znssp8 |
AU8441801A (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-13 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Kk | Novel polypeptide |
DE60239103D1 (de) * | 2001-10-16 | 2011-03-17 | Nat Inst Of Advanced Ind Scien | Neue n-acetylglucosamin transferase, codierende nukleinsäuren, spezifische antikörper, sowie verwendung zur krebsdiagnose |
JP4378175B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-14 | 2009-12-02 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 新規n−アセチルグルコサミン転移酵素、それをコードする核酸並びにこれらの癌及び/又は腫瘍診断用途 |
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JP2005065687A (ja) * | 2003-01-23 | 2005-03-17 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | β1,3−N−アセチル−D−ガラクトサミン転移酵素タンパク質及びそれをコードする核酸、並びにそれを用いた癌化検定方法 |
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CA2517469A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
US8431365B2 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
US8227213B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
EP1595955A4 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
EP1595955A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
AU2004205841B2 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
US20060166211A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
EP1595955B1 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
EP1595955A8 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
AU2004205841A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
US20080299615A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
CA2517469C (en) | 2015-03-17 |
US20100279355A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
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