WO2004038029A1 - T細胞に遺伝子を導入する方法 - Google Patents
T細胞に遺伝子を導入する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004038029A1 WO2004038029A1 PCT/JP2003/013476 JP0313476W WO2004038029A1 WO 2004038029 A1 WO2004038029 A1 WO 2004038029A1 JP 0313476 W JP0313476 W JP 0313476W WO 2004038029 A1 WO2004038029 A1 WO 2004038029A1
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/10—Cells modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
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- C12N2760/00011—Details
- C12N2760/18011—Paramyxoviridae
- C12N2760/18811—Sendai virus
- C12N2760/18841—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2760/18843—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for introducing a gene into ⁇ cells.
- ⁇ lymphocytes are one of the targets for gene delivery from the early stages of gene therapy for severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) due to adenosine-deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
- ADA severe combined immunodeficiency
- the current barrier is that T cells are relatively resistant to gene delivery by currently available vectors such as retroviruses. '
- T lymphocytes Given the clinical context in treating autoimmune diseases, organ transplant rejection after transplantation, or tumors, a subset of activated T lymphocytes must be an ideal target for genetic modification (Altenschmidt, U.S.A.). et al., J. Mol. Med., 1997, 75: 259-266; Hege, KM and Roberts, MR, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 1996, 7: 629-634; Tuohy, VK et al., J. Neuroimraunol., 2000, 107: 226-232). Early clinical reports on gene marking demonstrated that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were activated by tumor antigens.TILs were demonstrated to migrate to tumors in individuals with tumors.
- TILs tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
- the vector was introduced into T cells under various conditions, and the gene transfer efficiency was measured.
- the present inventors have found that paramyxovirus vectors exhibit high gene transfer efficiency to antigen-activated T cells.
- the gene transfer was specific for activated T cells, that is, the gene transfer efficiency of the vector was significantly higher for activated T cells than for naive T cells.
- Paramyxovirus vectors are suitably used as vectors for gene transfer into antigen-activated T cells.
- T-lymphocyte-directed gene therapy has therapeutic potential for various immunological diseases
- gene transduction gene transduction
- the present invention it has been demonstrated that a paramyxovirus vector can express a foreign gene specifically in activated T cells by a very simple procedure, and can overcome the above problems in gene therapy of ⁇ cells. It became.
- gene delivery specific to activated T cells can be efficiently performed, and application to a modification strategy by gene delivery directed to T cells in an immune disease is expected. That is, the present invention relates to a method for introducing a gene into a ⁇ cell, more specifically,
- the present invention provides a method for introducing a gene into T cells using a paramyxovirus vector. This method includes a step of contacting a paramyxovirus vector carrying a gene to be introduced with activated T cells.
- the present inventors have found that It has been found that a xovirus vector can introduce a gene into activated T cells with extremely high efficiency. The transfection efficiency of the paramyxovirus vector into naive ⁇ ⁇ cells was low, and it was found that gene transfer using this vector was specific to antigen-activated ⁇ cells. Therefore, the method of the present invention can be suitably used for selective gene transfer into activated ⁇ cells.
- T cells are important as targets for controlling the immune system in the treatment of cancer and other diseases, and the method of the present invention can be suitably used for gene therapy of these diseases.
- Gene transfer can be performed in a desired physiological aqueous solution such as a culture solution, physiological saline, blood, or body fluid.
- the present invention also provides a method for introducing a desired gene into a cell, comprising: (a) a step of activating the T cell; and (b) a step of activating the paramyxovirus vector carrying the gene. Contacting the germinated T cells.
- This method is also included in the method of the present invention for introducing a gene into a T cell.
- T cells can be activated by antigen stimulation.
- the step of activating the T cells enables efficient gene transfer using a paramyxovirus vector.
- the activation of T cells may be performed before the paramyxovirus vector is brought into contact with the T cells, or may be performed in the presence of a paramyxovirus vector.
- the paramyxovirus vector solution was able to achieve better gene delivery simply by adding it, without the aid of special agents.
- Optimal gene delivery via Sendai virus vector is described in Nasal mucosa iasal mucosa) (Yonemitsu, Y. et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2000, 18: 970-973), vascular (vasculature) (Masaki, I. et al., FASEB J., 2001, 15: 1294-1296), retinal tissue (Ikeda, Y. et al., Exp. Eye Res., 2002, 75: 39-48), etc.
- the present inventors have found that the lower the cell concentration of human lymphocytes in vitro, the lower the percentage of transfected cells, but this result was also observed in mouse cells. Therefore, in gene transfer, the cell concentration is preferably relatively high. Fine ⁇ degree Example Eba 1 10 6/1 1 11-4 10 6/1111, preferably 4 X 10 6 / ml ⁇ 8 X 10 6 / ml, preferred properly is 8 X 10 6 / ml to: l It should be about X 10 7 / ml.
- M0I is administered between 1 and 500, more preferably between 2 and 300, even more preferably between 3 and 200.
- Short contact time between the vector and T cells is sufficient, for example, 1 minute or more, preferably 3 minutes or more, 5 minutes or more, 10 minutes or more, or 20 minutes or more, for example, 1 to 60 minutes. Degree, more specifically about 5 to 30 minutes.
- the contact may be for longer periods of time, for example for several days or longer.
- the Universal Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) system (Maus, MV) that can stimulate T cells with immunological synaps using anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and 4-4-1BB ligands et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2002, 20: 143-148), which makes it easier to prepare sufficient quantities of ⁇ cell lines.
- APC Universal Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell
- the SeV-derived vector system can be used as a T cell-directed gene for various immunological diseases. It has important therapeutic potential for clinical application of treatment.
- the present invention also relates to a method for selectively introducing a gene into activated T cells, which comprises introducing a paramyxovirus vector carrying the gene into a cell population containing activated T cells and naive T cells.
- a method that includes a step of making them coexist.
- Selective for activated ⁇ cells means that a gene is significantly introduced into activated T cells as compared to naive ⁇ cells.
- the present invention provides a method comprising the step of adding a paramyxovirus vector carrying the gene to a cell population containing activated T cells and na ⁇ ve ⁇ cells.
- the paramyxovirus vector preferentially introduces a gene into activated T cells as compared to naive T cells, and thus can selectively introduce genes into activated T cells by this method.
- T cells also called T lymphocytes
- T cell receptors which are receptors that recognize peptide complexes of antigens on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
- MHC major histocompatibility complex
- ⁇ Cells are the main lymphocytes that recognize peptides derived from protein antigens, tumor antigens, ara antigens, pathogens, etc., and generate antigen-specific individual immune responses (adaptive immunity). Aids antibody production (humoral immunity) or arm itself ⁇ Activates cell-mediated immunity as cells.
- Activated ⁇ cells are ⁇ lymphocytes that have been brought into a state of being proliferated and differentiated by stimulation with an antigen or mitogen. That is, ⁇ activation of intracellular tyrosine kinase by binding of cell receptor or direct enzyme activation, followed by After increasing inositol phospholipid metabolism and increasing intracellular calcium concentration, DNA synthesis and cell division are initiated by interleukin (IL) -2 production, IL-2 receptor expression, and associated cell signals.
- IL interleukin
- T cells that are proliferating and differentiating. Differentiates into various T cells that produce various cytokines depending on the biological environment at the time of activation.
- the activated T cells are preferably T cells activated by an antigen.
- Transduction with Sendai virus vector is selective for antigen-activated T cells, and non-antigen-specific T cells are ex vivo in cases where specific T cells that responded to the antigen are activated to bystanders.
- Gene transfer efficiency is low. Therefore, by activating T cells with an antigen, or performing an equivalent activation, the efficiency of gene transfer by a vector can be dramatically improved.
- An antigen-activated T cell is a T cell that has a complex between the aforementioned MHC of an antigen presenting cell and a peptide derived from a specific antigen and a T cell receptor having an appropriate affinity.
- Antigen-activated T cells are preferably expanded, blasted, produce various cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-, express cytotoxic molecules such as Fas Ligand and perforin, and present antigens such as CD40 Ligand It has the ability to activate cells and / or B cells.
- Antigen-specific T cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells and / or B-cell activation and antibody production under the antigen-presenting cells presenting MHC and peptide in lymph nodes, etc. It has a major effect on the elimination of non-self proteins, non-self cells, and pathogens from living organisms by their effects on the production site, cytotoxicity by cytotoxic molecules, and promotion of inflammation.
- Activated T cells can be prepared by fractionation.
- human T cells have a characteristic of changing the expression pattern of the CD antigen upon activation.
- activated T cells and naive T cells can be selected.
- T cells are collected by negative selection, and CD45R0 is expressed on activated T cells.
- CD45RA and CD62L double positive T cells be used as Nip T cells, and the others be used as activated or memory T cells. It is considered that activated T cells or na ⁇ ⁇ ve T cells can be fractionated by performing magnetic bead separation or sorting by flow cytometry using antibodies against both.
- Antibodies used for fractionation can be obtained by any method combining known activation-related markers. Also included are methods of fractionating populations with certain special functions in activated T cells, such as chemokine receptors and cytotoxic receptors. For the fractionation method, other existing methods such as a method using specific gravity are included.
- Activated T cells can also be prepared by activating naive T cells by antigen stimulation.
- naive T cells can be cultured on a plate on which anti-CD3 antibody (10 g / ml) and anti-CD28 antibody (I0 ⁇ g / ml) are immobilized at the following concentrations, preferably for peripheral blood monocytes.
- Activation can be achieved by simultaneously adding more denatured mature dendritic cells.
- activation can also be achieved by culture in which dendritic cells and peptides, or protein antigens are added.
- Preparation of antigen-activated T cells for example in the case of using a Hitaro antigen, donor, taken Residencial Piento peripheral blood, respectively isolating lymphocytes in peripheral blood lymphocyte separating medium, the l X 10 7 / ml, respectively adjusted to a concentration, the cell suspension derived from donor perform morphism radiation irradiation of 30 Gy, respectively 500 mu 1 to Dzu' injected into each well in the plate of 24-well, about the human IL-2 (5 ⁇ 100 U / ral) Obtained by culturing for 7 days. Passaging is possible by restimulating with donor-irradiated lymphocytes approximately every 7 days.
- the antigen-specific T cell line has been subjected to at least three antigen stimuli (including the first).
- the antigen-activated T cells include those stimulated and expanded using beads or cells to which the anti-CD3 antibody and anti-CD28 antibody are fixed after the second antigen stimulation.
- the tumor is repeatedly frozen and thawed four or more times.
- the solution in which tumor cells were lysed was added to dendritic cells differentiated from peripheral blood, and then irradiated with 20 Gy to 30 Gy of radiation to obtain antigen-presenting cells, and T cells separated from peripheral blood were used. It can be obtained by co-culturing for 7 days in the presence of IL-2 (5 to 100 U / ml) alone or in the presence of other optimal sites such as IL-7, and performing restimulation every 7 days three times ( Fields, RC et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Aci. USA, 1998, 95: 9482-9487).
- the dendritic cells used here are derived from peripheral blood monocytes or hematopoietic stem cells such as bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and mobilized peripheral blood by a known method of proliferating and differentiating using cytokines such as GM-CSF and IL-4. Includes all obtained.
- Separation of peripheral blood T cells may be performed using a T cell separation solution; if an effective peptide in the antigen is known, antigen specificity using a class I or class II tetramer and peptide complex It may be obtained by a method for separating specific T cells. Preparation of activated T cells In addition to the above, if a known specific antigen is known, prepare it by a method that activates T cells using the antigen or a protein or peptide derived from the antigen. You can also. In addition, known T cell activation methods, such as a non-specific activation method using lectin or the like, can be used for preparing activated T cells. In the present invention, the antigen-activated T cells also include the cells thus obtained.
- These activated ⁇ cells can be co-cultured with appropriate growth factors, cytodynamics and antigen and antigen presenting cells (including feeder cells, differentiated dendritic cells, artificial APCs, etc.), Alternatively, subculture can be performed by co-culture with antigen-presenting cells having no antigen.
- a passage method suitable for various diseases to be treated may be used. For example, in the case of transfer immunotherapy against infectious immunity, etc., since T cells activated with antigens produce various cytokins, when transferred into the body, side effects such as fever may occur. May be used.
- T cells as transfer immunity should express their functions only during infection of living organisms.
- a paramyxovirus vector is a paramyxovirus-based virus particle having infectivity and a carrier for introducing a gene into a cell.
- the term “infectivity” refers to the ability of a paramyxovirus vector to maintain the ability to adhere to cells and to introduce the gene contained in the vector into the adhered cells.
- the paramyxovirus vector of the present invention is incorporated into the genomic RNA of the vector so that the foreign gene can be expressed.
- the paramyxowi / sbetater of the present invention may have a replication ability or may be a defective vector having no replication ability. “Replicating” means that when a viral vector infects a host cell, the virus is replicated in the cell and infectious virus particles are produced.
- Recombinant virus refers to a virus produced via a recombinant polynucleotide.
- Recombinant polynucleotides are polynucleotides that are not linked at one or both ends in the same manner as in their natural state.
- a recombinant polynucleotide is a polynucleotide in which the binding of a polynucleotide chain has been modified (cleaved and / or bound) by hand.
- the recombinant polynucleotide can be produced by a known gene recombination method by combining polynucleotide synthesis, nuclease treatment, ligase treatment and the like.
- Recombinant viruses can be produced by expressing a polynucleotide encoding the viral genome constructed by genetic engineering and reconstructing the virus.
- a recombinant paramyxovirus can be produced by reconstitution from cDNA (Y. Nagai, A. Kato, Microbiol. Immunol., 43, 613-624 (1999)).
- a gene refers to genetic material, and refers to a nucleic acid encoding a transcription unit.
- the gene may be RNA or DNA.
- a nucleic acid encoding a protein is called a gene of the protein.
- genes do not code for proteins
- the gene may encode a functional RNA such as lipozyme or antisense RNA.
- the gene can be a naturally occurring or artificially designed sequence.
- “DNA” includes single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA.
- encoding a protein means that the polynucleotide contains, in sense or antisense, 0RF encoding an amino acid sequence of the protein so that the polynucleotide can express the protein under appropriate conditions.
- paramyxovirus refers to a virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae or a derivative thereof.
- Paramyxovirinae is a group of viruses that have non-segmented negative-strand RNA in their genome, including the subfamily Paramyxovirinae (the genus Respirovirus (also known as the genus Paramyxovirils), the genus Rubravirus, And Pneumovirinae (including the genus Pneumovirinae) (including the genus Pneumovirinae) and viruses.
- the paramyxoviruses to which the present invention can be applied include, specifically, Sendai virus (Sendai virus :), Newcastle disease virus (Newcastle disease virus), diapers, Mumps virus / Mumps virus, hemp 3 ⁇ 4: Innoles (Measles virus), RS virus / Res (Respiratory syncytial virus), Ushito Winores (rinderpest virus), Distenno virus (distemper virus), Sanoleno reinfluenza virus (SV5), Human parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3 More specifically, for example, Sendai virus (SeV), human parainfluenza virus-1 (HPIV-] J, human parainfluenza virus-3 (HPIV-3), phocine distemper virus (PDV), canine distemper virus (CDV), dolphin molbillivirus (DMV), peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PDPR), measles virus (MV), rinderpest virus (RPV), Hendra virus (Hendra), Nip
- Sendai virus SeV
- human parainfluenza virus-1 HPIV-1
- human parainfluenza virus-3 HPIV-3
- phocine distemper virus PDV
- canine distemper virus CDV
- dolphin molbillivirus DMV
- PDPR peste-des-petits-ruminants virus
- MV measles virus
- RPV rinderpest virus
- Hendra virus Hendra
- Nipah virus Nipah virus
- the virus of the present invention is preferably a virus belonging to the subfamily Paramyxoviridae (including the genus Respirovirus, Rubravirus, and Mopyrivirus) or a derivative thereof, and more preferably the genus Respirovirus (genus).
- Respirovirus is a virus belonging to the genus Paramyxovirus or its derivative.
- examples of the respirovirus belonging to the genus of the respirovirus to which the present invention can be applied include, for example, human type (HPIV-3), cisparainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3), Sendai virus / Sendai virus; Virus 1), and monkey parainfluenza virus 10 (SPIV-10).
- the paramyxovirus is most preferably a Sendai virus. These viruses may be derived from natural strains, wild strains, mutant strains, laboratory passages, and artificially constructed strains.
- Genomic RNA is RNA that has the function of forming ribonucleoprotein (RNP) together with the viral protein of paramyxovirus, expressing a gene in the genome by the protein, and replicating this RNA to form a daughter RNP. It is.
- RNP ribonucleoprotein
- the genome of Paramyxovirus has a configuration in which viral genes are arranged as antisense between the 3, leader region and the 5 'trailer region.
- NP transcription termination sequence
- I sequence intervening sequence
- S sequence transcription initiation sequence
- Genes encoding the viral proteins of Paramyxovirus include the NP, P, M, F, HN, and L genes.
- the “NP, ⁇ , ⁇ , F, ⁇ , and 1 gene” refers to genes encoding nucleocapsid, phospho, matrix, fusion, hemadaltune-neuraminidase, and large protein, respectively.
- Each gene in each virus belonging to the subfamily Paramyxovirinae is generally described as follows. In general, the ⁇ gene is sometimes referred to as the “ ⁇ gene.”
- accession numbers in the database of the base sequence of each gene of Sendai virus are as follows: ⁇ 29343, ⁇ 30202, ⁇ 30203, ⁇ 30204, M51331, 55565, ⁇ 69046, X17218 for ⁇ gene, ⁇ 30202, ⁇ 30203, ⁇ 30204, ⁇ 55565, 69046 for ⁇ gene , ⁇ 00583, X17007, X17008, ⁇
- genes D11446, ⁇ 02742, ⁇ 30202, ⁇ 30203, ⁇ 30204, ⁇ 69046, U31956, ⁇ 00584, X53056 For F gene D00152, D11446, D17334, D17335, ⁇ 30202, ⁇ 30203, ⁇ 30204, ⁇ 30204, ⁇ 300015 , ⁇ 02131, and the H gene, see D26475, M12397, M30202, M30203, M30204, M69046, X00586, X02808, X56131
- virus genes encoded by other viruses for the N gene, CDV, AF014953; DMV, X75961; HPIV-1, D01070; HPIV-2, M55320; HPIV-3, D10025; Mapuera, X85128; Mumps, D86172; MV, K01711; NDV, AF064091; PDPR, X74443; PDV, X75717; RPV, X68311; SeV, X00087; SV5, M81442; and Tupaia, AF079780, CDV, X51869; DMV, Z47758 ; HPIV-1, M74081; HPIV-3, X04721; HPIV-4a, M55975; HPIV-4b, M55976; Mumps, D86173; MV, M89920; NDV, M20302; PDV, X75960; RPV, X68311; SeV, M30202; SV
- the 0RF encoding these viral proteins and the 0RF of the foreign gene are placed in genomic RNA in antisense via the above E-IS sequence.
- the 0RF closest to the 3 'in the genomic RNA requires only the S sequence between the 3' leader region and the 0RF, and does not require the E and I sequences.
- the 0RF closest to 5 ′ in the genomic RNA requires only the E sequence between the 5 ′ trailer region and the 0RF, and does not require the I and S sequences.
- two 0RFs can be transcribed as the same cistron using a sequence such as IRES. In such a case, there is no need for an E-1-S sequence between these two 0RFs.
- a typical RA genome consists of a leader region followed by six ORFs encoding N, P, M, F, H, and L proteins in antisense order.
- ORFs encoding N, P, M, F, H, and L proteins are arranged in order following the 3 'leader region, followed by a 5' trailer region.
- ORFs encoding N, P, M, F, HN, and L proteins are arranged in order following the 3 'leader region, followed by a 5' trailer region.
- ORFs encoding N, P, M, F, HN, and L proteins are arranged in order following the 3 'leader region, followed by a 5' trailer region.
- the viral genes are different, but even in such a case, it is preferable to arrange the respective viral genes in the same manner as in the wild type.
- vectors carrying the N, P, and L genes autonomously express genes from the RNA genome in cells, and genomic RNA is replicated.
- the genes encoding the envelope proteins such as the F and HN genes and the M gene cause infectious virus particles to be formed and released outside the cells. Therefore, such a vector is a virus vector having replication ability.
- a foreign gene to be introduced into a T cell may be inserted into a non-protein coding region in this genome, as described later.
- the paramyxovirus vector of the present invention may be one in which any of the genes of the wild-type paramyxovirus is deleted.
- a paramyxovirus vector that does not contain the M, F, or HN gene, or a combination thereof can also be suitably used as the paramyxovirus vector of the present invention. Reconstitution of such a viral vector can be performed, for example, by exogenously supplying a defective gene product. The virus vector thus produced adheres to the host cell and causes cell fusion similarly to the wild-type virus.
- Genes to be deleted from the genome include, for example, the F gene and the Z or HN gene.
- a plasmid expressing a recombinant paramyxovirus vector genome deficient in the F gene is transfected into a host cell together with an expression vector for the F protein and an expression vector for the NP, P, and L proteins.
- Virus vectors can be reconstructed (W000 / 70055 and WO00 / 70O70; Li, ⁇ ⁇ -0. et al., J. Virol.
- a virus can be produced using a host cell in which the F gene has been integrated into the chromosome. Even if the amino acid sequence of the protein group is not the same as the sequence derived from a virus, if the activity in introducing the nucleic acid is equal to or higher than that of the naturally-occurring type, a mutation or other virus may be introduced. The homologous gene may be substituted.
- a vector containing a protein different from the envelope protein of the virus from which the vector genome is derived can be prepared.
- a viral vector having a desired envelope protein can be produced by expressing in a cell an envelope protein other than the envelope protein encoded by the viral genome serving as the vector base.
- envelope proteins of other viruses for example, G protein (VSV-G) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can be mentioned.
- the viral vector of the present invention includes pseudotyped viral vectors containing envelope proteins derived from viruses other than the virus from which the genome is derived, such as the VSV-G protein. If these envelope proteins are designed so that they are not encoded in the genome of the viral genomic RNA, these proteins will not be expressed from the viral vector after the viral particles infect the cells.
- the viral vector of the present invention includes, for example, proteins such as an adhesion factor, a ligand, and a receptor capable of adhering to a specific cell on the envelope surface, an antibody or a fragment thereof, or these proteins in the extracellular region.
- proteins such as an adhesion factor, a ligand, and a receptor capable of adhering to a specific cell on the envelope surface, an antibody or a fragment thereof, or these proteins in the extracellular region.
- it may contain a chimeric protein having a virus envelope-derived polypeptide in the cell region. This can control the specificity of the vector for T cells.
- proteins such as an adhesion factor, a ligand, and a receptor capable of adhering to a specific cell on the envelope surface, an antibody or a fragment thereof, or these proteins in the extracellular region.
- it may contain a chimeric protein having a virus envelope-derived polypeptide in the cell region. This can control the specificity of the vector for T cells.
- These may be encoded
- any viral gene contained in the vector is modified from a wild-type gene, for example, in order to reduce the immunogenicity of a viral protein or to enhance the transcription efficiency or replication efficiency of RA. May be.
- a paramyxovirus vector it is conceivable that at least one of the replication factors N, P, and one gene is modified to enhance the transcription or replication function.
- the H protein, one of the envelope proteins has both hemagglutinin (hemagglutinin) activity and neuraminida 1 e (neuraminidase) activity, but weakens the former, for example.
- an antigen presenting epitope of an F protein or an HN protein which can be an antigen molecule on a cell surface, and to use this to produce a viral vector having a weakened antigen presenting ability for these proteins.
- the accessory gene may be deleted.
- the gene expression and replication in cultured cells is not impaired, and the virulence of SeV to hosts such as mice is significantly reduced (Kato, A. et al., 1997, J. Virol. 71: 7266-7272; Kato, A. et al., 1997, EMBO J. 16: 578-587; Curran, J. et al., 001/04272, EP1067179. ).
- Such attenuated vectors are particularly useful as non-toxic viral vectors for gene transfer in vivo or ex vivo.
- Paramyxoviruses are excellent gene transfer vectors, transcribe and replicate only in the cytoplasm of the host cell, and do not have a DNA phase, so they do not integrate into chromosomes (Lamb, RA and Kolakofsky, D. , Paramyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication. In'-Fields BN, Knipe DM, Holey PM, (eds). Fields of virology. Vol. 2. Lippincott-Raven Publishers: Philadelphia, 1996, pp. 1177-1204). For this reason, there are no safety problems such as canceration and immortalization due to chromosomal abnormalities. This feature of paramyxoviruses greatly contributes to the safety of vectorization.
- heterologous gene expression for example, even when the Sendai virus (SeV) is serially passaged, almost no base mutation is observed, the genome is highly stable, and the inserted heterologous gene is stably expressed over a long period of time. (Yu, D. et al., Genes Cells 2, 457-466 (1997)).
- paramyxovirus vectors represent a new class of highly efficient vectors for human gene therapy.
- a SeV vector capable of replication can introduce a foreign gene of at least 4 kb, and can simultaneously express two or more types of genes by adding a transcription unit.
- Sendai virus is known to be pathogenic for rodents and causes pneumonia, but is not pathogenic to humans. This has also been supported by previous reports that nasal administration of wild-type Sendai virus has no serious adverse effects in non-human primates (Hurwitz, JL et al., Vaccine 15: 533-540, 1997). These characteristics of Sendai virus suggest that Sendai virus vector can be applied to human therapy, and conclude that Sendai virus vector is one of the promising options for gene therapy targeting human T cells. It is a thing.
- the viral vector of the present invention can encode a foreign gene in genomic RNA.
- a recombinant paramyxovirus vector containing a foreign gene can be obtained by inserting a foreign gene into the paramyxovirus vector genome described above.
- a desired gene to be expressed in a target T cell can be used.
- the foreign gene may be a gene encoding a native protein, or may be deleted. Alternatively, it may be a gene encoding a protein obtained by modifying a natural protein by substitution or insertion.
- the insertion position of the foreign gene can be selected, for example, at a desired site in the protein non-coding region of the viral genome.
- each position between the 3 ′ leader region of the genomic RNA and the viral protein 0RF closest to the 3 ′ end can be selected. It can be inserted between the viral protein 0RF and / or between the viral protein 0RF closest to the end and the 5, trailer region.
- a nucleic acid encoding a foreign gene can be inserted into the deleted region.
- An E-1-S sequence is constructed between the inserted foreign gene and virus 0RF. Two or more genes can be inserted in tandem via the EIS sequence.
- the expression level of a foreign gene carried on a vector can be regulated by the type of transcription initiation sequence added upstream of the gene (3 'side of the negative strand) (W001 / 18223).
- the expression level can be controlled by the insertion position of the foreign gene on the genome. The expression level is higher near the 3 ′ end of the negative strand, and the expression level is lower near the 5 ′ end.
- the insertion position of the foreign gene can be appropriately adjusted in order to obtain a desired expression level of the gene and to optimize the combination with the genes encoding the preceding and succeeding viral proteins. it can.
- the foreign gene be linked to a highly efficient transcription initiation sequence and inserted near the 3 'end of the negative strand genome. . Specifically, it is inserted between the 3 'leader region and the viral protein 0RF closest to 3. Alternatively, it may be inserted between the viral gene closest to 3 ′ and the 0RF of the second gene.
- the viral protein gene closest to 3 in the genome is the N gene
- the second gene is the P gene.
- genomic RNA of paramyxovirus in the presence of viral proteins required for reconstitution of RNP which is a component of paramyxovirus in mammalian cells, that is, N, P, and L proteins Transcribe cDNA encoding
- the transcription can produce a negative strand genome (ie, the same antisense strand as the viral genome), or a positive strand (the sense strand encoding the viral protein), but does not reconstitute the viral RNP. it can.
- a positive strand is preferably generated. It is preferable that the RNA end reflects the 3 ′ leader sequence and the 5 ′ trailer sequence end exactly as well as the natural virus genome.
- a T7 RNA polymerase recognition sequence may be used as a transcription initiation site, and the RNA polymerase may be expressed in cells.
- a self-cleaving ribozyme can be encoded at the 3' end of the transcript so that the 3 'end can be accurately cut out by this ribozyme ( Hasan, MK et al., J. Gen. Virol. 78: 2813-2820, 1997, Kato, A. et al., 1997, EMBO J. 16: 578-587 and Yu, D. et al., 1997, Genes Cells 2: 457-466).
- a recombinant Sendai virus vector having a foreign gene is described in Hasan, MK et al., J. Gen. Virol. 78: 2813-2820, 1997, Kato, A. et al., 1997, EMBO J. 16: 578-587. According to Yu, D. et al., 1997, Genes Cells 2: 457-466, it can be constructed as follows.
- a DNA sample containing the cDNA sequence of the foreign gene of interest can be identified as a single plasmid by electrophoresis at a concentration of 2513 ⁇ 4 / 1 or more.
- a foreign gene is inserted into DNA encoding viral genomic RNA using a Not I site will be described as an example.
- ⁇ I found in cDNA sequence of interest When a recognition site is included, it is preferable to modify the base sequence using a site-directed mutagenesis method or the like so as not to change the amino acid sequence to be encoded, and to remove the NotI site in advance. From this sample, the target gene fragment is amplified by PCR and collected.
- both ends of the amplified fragment are used as fciI sites.
- the primer is designed to include the EI-S sequence in the primer so that the EIS sequence is located between the 0RF of the foreign gene inserted into the viral genome and the 0RF of the viral gene on both sides thereof.
- the forward synthetic DNA sequence may have any two or more nucleotides on the 5 ′ side (preferably not including sequences derived from NotI recognition sites such as GCG and GCC) to ensure cleavage by I4.
- Base more preferably ACTT
- a Vfeil recognition site gcggccgc was added to its 3 'side
- any 9 bases or a multiple of 6 to 9 as a spacer sequence was added to its 3' side.
- a number of bases are added, and a sequence corresponding to about 25 bases of 0RF from the initiation codon ATG of the desired cDNA is added to the 3 ′ side. It is preferable that about 25 bases are selected from the desired cDNA so that the last base is G or C, and the base is 3 'end of the synthetic oligo DNA on the feed side.
- any two or more nucleotides are selected from the 5 '
- the ifc I recognition site gcggccgc is added to the 3 'side, and an oligo DNA of an insertion fragment for adjusting the length is added to the 3' side.
- the length of this oligo DNA is designed so that the number of bases of the TfcI fragment of the final PCR amplification product will be 6 in the chain length (the so-called “rule of six”; Kolakofski , D. et al., J. Virol. 72: 891-899, 1998; Calain, P.
- the complementary strand sequence of the Sendai virus S sequence, I sequence and E sequence preferably 5'-CTTTCACCCT -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1), 5'-MG-3 ', and 5'-TTTTTCTTACTACGG-3 '( SEQ ID NO: 2) is added, and the length is selected so that the last base of the complementary strand corresponding to about 25 bases, counting backward from the termination codon of the desired cDNA sequence, is G or C on the 3 'side. And add the sequence to make the 3 'end of the reverse synthetic DNA.
- PCR For the PCR, an ordinary method using Taq polymerase or another DNA polymerase can be used.
- the amplified target fragment is digested with ⁇ I and inserted into the NotI site of a plasmid vector such as pBluescript.
- the insert is excised from this plasmid with I and cloned into the NotI site of the plasmid containing the genomic cDNA. It is also possible to obtain a recombinant Sendai virus cDNA by directly inserting into the ⁇ I site of the genomic cDNA without using a plasmid vector.
- a recombinant Sendai virus genomic cDNA can be constructed according to the method described in the literature (Yu, D. et al., Genes Cells 2: 457-466, 1997; Hasan, MK et al., J. Gen. Virol. 78: 2813-2820, 1997).
- an 18 bp spacer sequence (5 ′-(G) -CGGCCGCAGATCTTCACG-3 ′) having a Not I restriction site (SEQ ID NO: 3) was cloned into a Sendai virus genomic cDNA (pSeV (+) ) From the leader sequence of the N protein and the plasmid pSeV18 + b (+) containing a self-cleaving ribozyme site derived from the antigenomic strand of the delta hepatitis virus (Hasan , MK et al., 1997, J. General Virology 78: 2813-2820).
- pSeV (+) Sendai virus genomic cDNA
- pSeV (+) From the leader sequence of the N protein and the plasmid pSeV18 + b (+) containing a self-cleaving ribozyme site derived from the antigenomic strand of the delta hepatitis virus (Hasan ,
- the DNA encoding the genomic RNA of the recombinant paramyxovirus thus prepared is transcribed in a cell in the presence of the above-mentioned viral proteins (Le and P), whereby the vector of the present invention is reconstituted. be able to.
- the present invention provides a DNA encoding the viral genome band of the vector of the present invention for producing the vector of the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a DNA encoding the genomic RNA of the vector for application to the production of the vector of the present invention. Reconstitution of recombinant virus Natl.
- DNA can be reconstituted from minus-strand RA virus including parainfluenza, vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus, measles virus, Linda pestovirus, Sendai virus.
- the vector of the present invention can be reconstituted according to these methods.
- the virus When the F gene, HN gene, and / or M gene are deleted in the virus vector DNA, the virus does not form infectious virus particles as it is, but these are deleted in the host cell. Infectious virus particles can be formed by separately introducing and expressing genes and / or genes encoding envelope proteins of other viruses into cells.
- RNA transcribed in vitro may be transfused into cells.
- Enzymes, such as T7 RNA polymerase, required for the initial transcription of genomic RNA from DNA can be supplied by the introduction of a plasmid or viral vector that expresses it, or, for example, by incorporating the RNA polymerase gene into the chromosome of a cell. Alternatively, it may be incorporated so that expression can be induced, and supplied by inducing expression at the time of virus reconstitution.
- Genomic RNA and viral proteins required for vector reconstitution are supplied, for example, by introducing a plasmid that expresses them. In providing these viral proteins, helper viruses such as wild-type or certain mutant paramyxoviruses are used.
- Methods for introducing DNA that expresses genomic RNA into cells include, for example, the following methods: (1) a method of preparing a DNA precipitate that can be taken up by a target cell; (2) suitable for uptake by a target cell; and There are methods to create a complex containing DNA with low cytotoxicity and positive charge characteristics, and 3 a method of instantaneously opening a hole in the target cell membrane with an electric pulse to allow DNA molecules to pass through.
- transfusion reagents can be used.
- D0TMA (Roche), Superfect (QIAGEN # 301305), D0TAP, DOPE, DOSPER (Roche # 1811169) and the like can be mentioned.
- D0TMA (Roche), Superfect (QIAGEN # 301305), D0TAP, DOPE, DOSPER (Roche # 1811169) and the like can be mentioned.
- Known Graham, FL and Van Der Eb, J., 1973, Virology 52: 456; Wigler, M. and Silverstein, S., 1977, Cell 11: 223).
- Method (3) is a method called electroporation and is more versatile than methods (1) and (2) in that there is no cell selectivity. Efficiency is said to be good under optimal conditions of pulse current duration, pulse shape, strength of electric field (gap between electrodes, voltage), buffer conductivity, DNA concentration, and cell density.
- method (1) among the three categories is easy to operate and can examine a large number of samples using a large number of cells.
- introduction of DNA into cells for vector reconstitution requires Transfection reagents are suitable.
- Transfection reagents are suitable.
- Superfect Transfection Ragent QIAGEN, Cat No. 301305
- D0SPER Liposomal Transfection Reagent Roche, Cat No. 1811169
- Reconstitution of the virus from the cDNA can be specifically performed, for example, as follows.
- FCS fetal serum
- antibiotics 100 units / ml penicillin G and 100; zg / ml streptomycin
- the ratio of the amounts of the expression vectors encoding N, P, and L is preferably, for example, 2: 1: 2, and the amount of the plasmid is, for example;! -4 ⁇ g of pGEM- ⁇ , 0.5-2 ⁇ g. Adjust appropriately with pGEM- ⁇ of 1 g and pGEM-L of 1 ⁇ 4 g.
- the transfected cells may contain only 100 ⁇ g / ml rifampicin (Sigma) and cytosine arabinoside (AraC), more preferably only 40 ⁇ g / ml cytosine arabinoside (AraC) (Sigma), if desired. Cultivation in serum-free MEM containing serum, and setting the optimal concentration of drug to minimize cytotoxicity by the vaccinia virus and maximize virus recovery (Kato, A. et al., 1996, Genes Cells 1: 569-579).
- Transfection can be introduced into cells by forming a complex with, for example, ribophthalamine or polycationic liposome.
- various transfusion reagents can be used. For example, DOTMA (Roche), Superfect (QIAGEN # 301305), D0TAP, DOPE, D0SPER (Roche # 1811169) and the like can be mentioned.
- a black kin can be added (Calos, MP, 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 3015).
- the expression of the viral gene from RNP and the process of RNP replication progress, and the vector is amplified.
- Vaccinia virus vTF7-3 can be completely removed by diluting the obtained virus solution (for example, 10 6 times) and repeating reamplification. The reamplification is repeated, for example, three times or more.
- the resulting vector can be stored at -80 ° C.
- LLC-MK2 cells that express the envelope protein may be used for transfection, or transfection may be performed together with the envelope expression plasmid.
- defective viral vectors can be amplified by overlaying and culturing LLC-MK2 cells that express an envelope protein on cells that have undergone transfection (see International Publication Nos. TO00 / 70055 and W000 / 70070). .
- the titer of the recovered virus can be determined, for example, by measuring CIU (Cell-Infected Unit) or measuring hemagglutination activity (HA) (W000 / 70070; Kato, A. et al., 1996). , Genes Cells 1: 569-579; Yoneraitsu, Y. & Kaneda, Y., Hemaggulutinating virus of Japan-liposome— mediated gene delivery to vascular cells. Ed. By Baker AH. Molecular Biology of Vascular Diseases. Method in Molecular Medicine: Humana Press: pp. 295-306, 1999).
- CIU Cell-Infected Unit
- HA hemagglutination activity
- the titer can be quantified by directly infecting infected cells using the matrix as an index (eg, GFP-CIU As).
- the titer measured in this way can be treated as equivalent to CIU (W000 / 70070).
- the host cell used for the reconstitution is not particularly limited as long as the viral vector is reconstituted.
- cultured cells such as monkey kidney-derived LLCMK2 cells and CV-1 cells, hamster kidney-derived BH cells, and human-derived cells can be used.
- infectious virus particles having the envelope can also be obtained.
- one of the virus vectors obtained from the above-mentioned host can be infected into embryonated chicken eggs to amplify the vector.
- a method for producing virus vectors using chicken eggs has already been developed (Nakani et al., Eds., (1993), "Advanced Technology Protocol for Neuroscience III, Molecular Neuronal Physiology"), Kouseisha, Osaka, pp. 153- 172). Specifically, for example, put a fertilized egg in an incubator 9 ⁇ : 12 days Incubate at 37-38 ° C for an embryo to grow. The viral vector is inoculated into the allantoic cavity and the eggs are cultured for several days (eg, 3 days) to propagate the viral vector. Conditions such as the culture period may vary depending on the recombinant Sendai virus used. Then collect the urine fluid containing the virus.
- Separation and purification of Sendai virus vector from urine fluid can be performed according to a conventional method (Masato Tashiro, “Virus Experiment Protocol”, Nagai, Ishihama, Medical View, pp. 68-73, (1995)).
- construction and preparation of the Sendai virus vector from which the F gene has been deleted can be performed as follows (see WO0O / 7O055 and W000 / 70070).
- PCR upstream of F [forward: 5 '-gttgagtactgcaagagc / sequence number: 5, reverse: 5- : 6],!
- the PCR product using the primer pair [forward: 5 -atgcatgccggcagatga / rooster 5 system (J-number ⁇ ": 7, reverse: 5-tgggtgaatgagagaatcagcZ SEQ ID NO: 8] is ligated with EcoT22I.
- the plasmid thus obtained is digested with Sacl and Sail, and a fragment (493 lbp) of the region containing the F gene deletion site is recovered and cloned into pUC18 to obtain pUC18 / dFSS.
- the fragment After digestion with Dralll, the fragment is recovered, replaced with the Dralll fragment in the region containing the F gene of pSeV18 +, and ligated to obtain plasmid pSeV18 + / AF.
- the foreign gene is inserted into, for example, the restriction enzyme NsiI and NgoJN sites at the F gene deletion site of pUC18 / dFSS.
- a foreign gene fragment should be amplified with Nsi I-tailed primer and XMgo MIV-tailed primer.
- the Cre / loxP-inducible expression plasmid that expresses the Sendai virus F gene (SeV-F) was designed so that the SeV-F gene was amplified by PCR and the gene product was induced and expressed by Cre DNA recombinase.
- Plasmid pCALNdlw / F is inserted into unique site 5aI site of plasmid pCALNdlw (Arai, T. et al., J. Virology 72, 1998, plll5-1121) to construct plasmid pCALNdLw / F.
- helper cell line expressing the SeV-F protein is established.
- a sal kidney-derived cell line LLC-MK2 cell which is often used for the growth of SeV, can be used.
- LLC-MK2 cells with 10% heat-treated immobilized ⁇ Shi fetal serum (FBS), penicillin G sodium 50 units / ml, and streptomycin 50 ig / ml was added to MEM 37 ° C, 5% C0 2 Incubate with Since the SeV-F gene product has cytotoxicity, the above plasmid pCALNdLw / F designed to induce and express the F gene product by Cre DNA recombinase was used in the calcium phosphate method (mammalian transfect ion kit (Stratagene )), The gene is introduced into LLC-MK2 cells according to a well-known protocol.
- FBS immobilized ⁇ Shi fetal serum
- penicillin G sodium 50 units / ml penicillin G sodium 50 units / ml
- streptomycin 50 ig / ml was added to MEM 37 ° C, 5% C0 2 Incubate with Since the SeV-F gene product has cytotoxicity,
- the plasmid into which the foreign gene of pSeV18 + / AF has been inserted is transfected into LLC-MK2 cells as follows. Seed LLC-MK2 cells at 5X10 6 cells / dish in a 100 mm Petri dish. If the T7 RNA polymerase direct transcription of the genome RA is 24 hours after cell culturing, psoralen (psoralens) and recombinant vaccinia Virus expressing 20 minutes treated with T7 thigh polymerase long-wave ultraviolet (3 6 5 nm) (PLWUV—VacT7: Fuerst, TR et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- T7 thigh polymerase long-wave ultraviolet 3 6 5 nm
- UV Stratal inker 2400 (catalog number 400676 (100 V), Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) equipped with five 15-pet valves can be used. After washing the cells with serum-free MEM, the plasmid expressing genomic RA and the expression plasmid expressing N, P, L, F, and HN proteins of paramyxovirus, respectively, were combined with an appropriate lipofection reagent. Transfection of these cells using The amount ratio of the plasmid is not limited to this, but may be preferably 6: 2: 1: 2: 2: 2 in order.
- 12 [mu genomic RNA of that be expressed plasmid of [delta], and N, P, L, and F-expressing expressing plus HN proteins plasmid (pGEM / NP, pGEM / P , pGEM / L , and pGEM / F- HN W000 / 70070, Kato, A. et al., Genes Cells 1, 569-579 (1996)) at 12 / ig, ⁇ g, 4 / g and
- Viruses deficient in genes other than F for example, the HN or M genes, can also be prepared in a similar manner.
- a viral gene deficient vector for example, when two or more vectors having different viral genes on the viral genome contained in the vector are introduced into the same cell, the defective viral protein will be lost in each case. Since the virus vector is supplied by expression from another vector, infectious virus particles complementary to each other are formed, the replication cycle goes around, and the viral vector is amplified. That is, if two or more vectors of the present invention are inoculated in a combination that captures viral proteins, a mixture of the respective viral gene-deficient virus vectors can be produced in large quantities at low cost. . Since these viruses lack the viral gene, their genome size is smaller than that of a virus that does not lack the viral gene, and their size can be increased and foreign genes can be retained. In addition, these viruses, which are not proliferative due to viral gene deficiency, are diluted outside the cell and are difficult to maintain co-infection.
- the foreign gene introduced by the paramyxovirus of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples of natural proteins include hormones, cytokines, growth factors, receptors, intracellular signal molecules, enzymes, peptides and the like.
- the protein can be a secreted protein, a membrane protein, a cytoplasmic protein, a nucleoprotein, and the like.
- artificial proteins include fusion proteins such as chimeric toxins, dominant negative proteins (recipients). (Including a soluble molecule or a membrane-bound dominant negative receptor), a deletion type cell adhesion molecule and a cell surface molecule.
- the protein may be a protein to which a secretion signal, a membrane localization signal, a nuclear transport signal, and the like are added.
- RNA-cleavable ribozyme By expressing an antisense RNA molecule or an RNA-cleavable ribozyme as a transgene, the function of a specific gene expressed in T cells can also be suppressed. If a virus vector is prepared using a gene for treating a disease as a foreign gene, gene therapy can be performed by administering this vector.
- the application of the viral vector of the present invention to gene therapy includes gene expression by direct administration and gene expression by indirect (ex vivo) administration. Thus, it is possible to express endogenous genes and the like that are in short supply.
- the method of the present invention can also be used as a gene therapy vector in regenerative medicine.
- a replicative paramyxovirus vector to an individual or a cell, it is necessary to suppress the growth of the virus vector such as completion of treatment.
- an RA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor it is also possible to specifically inhibit only the growth of the viral vector without damaging the host.
- viral vectors of the invention for example, 1 X 10 5 CIU / raL or more, preferably 1 X 10 6 CIU / mL or more, more preferably 5 X 10 6 CIU / mL or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 7 CIU / mL or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 7 CIU / mL or more, more preferably IX 10 8 CIU / mL or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 8 CIU / mL or more It can be released by titer into the extracellular fluid of the virus producing cells.
- the titer of virus can be measured by the method described elsewhere in this specification (Kiyotani, K. et al., Virology 177 (1), 65-74 (1990); W000 / 70070). .
- the recovered paramyxovirus vector can be purified to be substantially pure.
- the purification method can be performed by a known purification / separation method including filtration, centrifugation, column purification and the like, or a combination thereof.
- substantially pure means that the viral vector makes up the major proportion of the components in the sample in which it is present.
- a substantially pure viral vector is one that contains at least 10% of the protein derived from the viral vector out of the total proteins (excluding proteins added as carriers or stabilizers) in the sample. Preferably, it accounts for 20% or more, more preferably 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and still more preferably 90% or more.
- a specific method for purifying paramyxovirus for example, a method using cellulose sulfate ester or a crosslinked polysaccharide sulfate (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 62-30752, Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 62-33879, and Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 62-33879) -30753), and a method of adsorbing to a fucose / sulfuric acid-containing polysaccharide and / or a decomposition product thereof (W097 / 32010).
- the vector can be combined with a desired pharmacologically acceptable carrier or vehicle, if necessary.
- a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle” is a material that can be administered with a vector and does not significantly inhibit gene transfer by beta.
- the composition can be prepared by appropriately diluting the vector with physiological saline, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), or a culture solution.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- urine fluid may be contained.
- the composition containing the vector may contain a carrier or a medium such as deionized water and a 5% dextrose aqueous solution.
- composition containing the vector of the present invention is useful as a reagent and as a medicament.
- Gene transfer into T cells using the betatta of the present invention is expected to be applied to gene therapy for various diseases.
- Such gene therapy includes, for example, to detect abnormal expression in a cell due to a gene deficiency, to add a new function by introducing a foreign gene into a cell, or to use a certain gene. Against To suppress undesired effects in the cell by introducing a suppressive gene.
- the method of the present invention is useful for suppressing rejection in, for example, an autoimmune disease.
- an activated T-cell established strain that recognizes the aro antigen or a major antigen that causes an autoimmune disease an inhibitory site force-in such as IL-10
- an inhibitory site force-in such as IL-10
- rejection can be controlled by suppressing the T cell aro-reaction in vivo or by inducing suppressive dendritic cells.
- cancer treatment through gene transfer into T cells by the method of the present invention is also expected. For example, by introducing a vector encoding a vascular growth suppression gene into T cells that recognize tumor-specific antigens, a local tumor growth suppression effect is expected.
- a gene such as PDGF platelet derived growth factor-A
- PDGF platelet derived growth factor-A
- T cells activated with the target antigen a gene that can differentiate oligodendrocytes from stem cells using T cells activated with the target antigen. It is expected that it will be introduced, promote local oligodendrocyte regeneration, and control disease (Vincent, KT et al., Journal of Neuroiramunology, 2000, 107: 226-232).
- the method of the present invention can be applied.
- IFNs interferons
- IFN- ⁇ interferons
- the dose of the vector varies depending on the disease, the patient's body weight, age, sex, symptoms, purpose of administration, form of administration composition, administration method, transgene, etc., but can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art. is there.
- the administration route can be appropriately selected. It can be administered locally or systemically.
- Vector administered is preferably about 10 5 CIU / ml to about 10 11 CIU / ml, more preferably about 10 7 CIU / ml to about 10 9 CIU / ml, and most preferably from about 1 X 10 8 CIU / ml
- an amount in the range of about 5 ⁇ 10 8 CIU / ml is administered in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the dose per dose is preferably 2 ⁇ 10 5 CIU to 2 ⁇ 10 11 CIU, and the number of doses can be once or multiple times within the range of clinically acceptable side effects.
- the above doses can be administered in terms of the weight ratio of the target animal to the human or the volume ratio (for example, the average value) of the administration target site, and can be administered.
- the vector is contacted with the T cells ex vivo (eg, in a test tube or petri dish).
- M0I is administered between 1 and 500, more preferably between 2 and 300, even more preferably between 3 and 200.
- Subjects to which the composition containing the vector of the present invention is administered include all mammals such as humans, monkeys, mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, sheep, dogs and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the gene transfer efficiency of mouse T cells by SeV. The gene transfer efficiency in activated or naive T cells is shown.
- Mouse lymphocytes were cultured for 2 days in the presence or absence of 2.5 ⁇ 10 7 PFU (MOI 62.5) of SeV_EGFP, and the cells were collected and APC-bound anti-CD3 and PE-bound anti-CD4 (upper panel). ) Or anti-CD8 (lower panel) antibody.
- Dot plot shows live CD3 + CD4 + or CD3 + CD8 +
- Fig. 4 shows expression of CD4 or CD8 and GFP in lymphocytes, respectively. In the upper right corner of each of the four sections, the gene transfer efficiency is shown as the percentage of EGFP positive cells.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the efficiency of gene transfer by SeV into a T cell line.
- T cell lines were cultured for 2 days in the presence or absence of 2.5 x 10 7 PFU (M0I 62.5) SeV_EGFP, and cells were harvested and APC-bound anti-CD3 and PE-bound anti-CD4 (top panel). ) Or anti-CD8 (lower panel) antibody.
- the dot plot in the leftmost panel shows the expression of CD3 and CD4 or CD8 in gated living lymphocytes. The ratio of each quarter is shown.
- the dot plots in the other panels show the expression of EGFP on CD4 or CD8 T cells in living CD3-positive, living lymphocytes.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the gene transfer efficiency in the activation of nao T cells and T cell lines in the specific antigen-specific manner.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of the pie stander's activity on gene transfer by SeV. 50 / zl of 2C naive lymphocytes (l X 10 7 / ml) and 50 mu 1 of B6 na ⁇ ve lymphocytes and (l X 10 7 / ml) , 2. the presence of 5X 10 7 PFU of SeV- EGFP ( Balb (black par), B6 (gray par), or C3H (check par) with 100 tl irradiated Balb (black par), or in the absence (positive X axis) Stimulation was performed for 2 days with lymphocytes (1 ⁇ 10 7 / ml) or without lymphocytes (white par).
- the percentage of EGFP positive cells was obtained from gated surviving CD8 + 1B2 + T cells.
- the Y-axis shows the percentage of EGFP-positive clonotype cells.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the maintenance of GFP expression in T cells transfected with SeV-EGFP.
- T cells from 2C-tg mice were stimulated with B6 (left column) or Balb / c (right column) irradiated lymphocytes for 6 days in the presence of SeV-EGFP, and the transfected T cells After rinsing, the cells were restimulated for 6 or 7 days with irradiated B6 or Balb stimulator without SeV.
- the dot plot shows the expression of EGFP in surviving clonotype T cells.
- the numbers in the upper right corner of each quadrant indicate the percentage of EGFP positive or negative clonotype T cells on day 13 (upper panel) and day 20 (middle panel). Data from uninfected 2C T cell line stimulated for 20 days as negative control (Lower panel). Data are representative of two independent experiments.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the efficiency of gene transfer by SeV into human T cells. It shows gene transfer efficiency in activated or na ⁇ ⁇ ve T cells. 200 / zl human lymphocytes (4 ⁇ 10 6 / ml) are cultured for 2 days in the presence or absence of 2.5 ⁇ 10 7 PFU (M0I 31) of SeV-EGFP, and cells are collected. And stained with APC-conjugated anti-CD3 and PE-conjugated anti-CD4 (upper panel) or anti-CD8 (lower panel) antibodies. The dot plots show the expression of GFP and CD4 or CD8, respectively, in living CD3 + CD4 + or CD3 + CD8 + T lymphocytes.
- Gene transfer efficiency was expressed as the percentage of EGFP positive cells in the indicated T cells.
- Left panel Cells were cultured in uncoated antibody wells.
- Middle panel Cells were cultured in wells coated with activating antibodies (anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies).
- Right panel Cells were cultured without SeV-EGFP in wells coated with activating antibodies (anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies).
- As a negative control data was similarly obtained from cells cultured with SeV-luci. The numbers in each right corner of the quadrant indicate the proportion of the population. Reproducible data was obtained from more than four independent experiments.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the efficiency of gene transfer into human naive or memory / activated T cells.
- Freshly isolated T cells are incubated with SeV-EGFP for 2 days in an antibody-uncoated well, and the cells are harvested and APC-conjugated anti-CD62L, PE-conjugated anti-CD3, and biotinylated anti-CD45M The cells were stained with an antibody and subsequently stained with streptavidin PerCP.
- the dot plot shows CD62L and CD45RA expression in gated (segmented) viable CD3-positive T cells.
- the dot plot shows CD3 and EGFP expression in naive T cells, CD62L high and CD45M high T cells (upper panel), or in other cells that are memory / activated T cells (lower panel). Is shown. Reproducible data were obtained in three experiments from healthy donors.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the efficiency of gene transfer into a human T cell line.
- the human T cell line was cultured for 2 days in the presence or absence of SeV-EGFP as shown in FIG. 6, and analyzed as shown in FIG. EGFP expression ratio in CD4 (upper panel) or CD8 (lower panel) T cells is shown.
- left Panel cells were cultured in uncoated antibody wells.
- Middle panel cells were cultured in gels coated with antibodies (human anti-CD3 and human anti-CD28 antibodies).
- Right panel Cells were cultured in the absence of SeV-EGFP in a gel coated with antibodies (human anti-CD3 and human anti-CD28 antibodies).
- FIG. 9 is a view showing evaluation of SeV entry into naive or activated T cells.
- the prepared cells were cultured with 2.5 ⁇ 10 7 PFU of SeV-EGFP for 2 days in an activity gel (white bar). Recovered cells were stained with APC-conjugated anti-CD3 and PE-conjugated anti-CD8 antibodies.
- the percentage of EGFP positive cells was obtained from gated (segmented) surviving CD3 + CD4 + or CD3 + CD8 + T cells.
- the Y-axis shows the percentage of EGFP-positive CD4 (3 bars on the left) or CD8 (3 pars on the right) T cells.
- 2C trans diethyl nick mice is Tsu Kumausu (2c- tg, H-2 b ) the literature Sha, WC et al, Nature, 1988, 335: 271-274. All mice were treated humanely, kept free of specific pathogens, and received standard rodent chow and tap water. 7-9 week old mice were used. The animal experiments were examined by the Kyushu University Ethics Committee on Animal Experiments and the Committee on Recombinant DNA Experiments at Kyushu University.
- SeV SeV-EGFP or SeV-luci, respectively
- EGFP jellyfish enhanced green fluorescent protein
- firefly luciferase gene firefly luciferase gene
- This vector which contains the cloned SeV genomic cDNA, also contains a self-cleaving liposome site on the antigenomic strand of hepatitis delta virus.
- Whole cDNA encoding EGFP (for SeV-EGFP) or luciferase (for SeV-luci) using primers containing a foil site and a set of new SeV E and S signal sequence tags for foreign gene expression was amplified by PCR and inserted into the ⁇ I site of the cloned genome.
- the total length of the SeV genome which is ⁇ type, is set to be a multiple of 6 bases including the foreign gene (so-called “rule of six”) (Kolakofsky, D. et al., J. Virol., 1998, 72: 891-899) Type I SeV genome with foreign genes, and N, phospho (P), and large
- Plasmids encoding the proteins are complexed with commercially available catonic lipids to form vaccinia virus vT7-3. Together with CV-1 or LLCMK cells
- Virus titer was determined by hemagglutination assay using chicken erythrocytes (Y onemitsu, Y. & Kaneda, Y., Hemaggulutinating virus oi Japan-liposome-mediated gene delivery to vascular cells. Ed. By Baker AH. Molecular Biology of Vascular Diseases. Method in Molecular Medicine: Humana Press: pp. 295-306, 1999), and the virus was stored at -80 ° C until use.
- Piotinylated human CD45 RA (HI 100) mAb, anti-mouse CD3 (145-2C11) conjugated to allophycocyanin (APC), mouse CD8 (53-6.7), and human CD62L (DREG- 56) mAb, phycoerythrin (PE) -conjugated anti-human CD3 (UCHT1), human CD4 (RPA-T4), mouse CD4 (GK1.5), and mouse CD8 (53.67) mAb, PE-conjugated streptavidin , And peridinin chlorophyll ⁇ -protein (perCP) -conjugated streptavidin were purchased from PharMingen (San Diego, CA, USA).
- APC-conjugated anti-human CD3 (UCHT1) mAb was purchased from DAK0 (Kyoto, Japan).
- PE-conjugated anti-human CD8 (NU-Ts / c) mAb was purchased from Nichirei (Tokyo, Japan).
- the anti-2C clonotypic TCR determinant mAb was prepared by the inventors of Hypridoma (1B2) (Sha, WC et al., Nature, 1988, 335: 271-274); The supernatant was purified using a HiTrap protein G column (Amersham Pharmacia Bioscience Inc., Buckinghamshire UK) and biotinylated using EZ_Link TM NHS-LC Biotin (PIERCE Biotechnology Inc., Rockfold, IL, USA).
- CD28.2 For activation of T cells, purified anti-mouse CD3 (145-2C11), mouse CD28 (37.51), human CD3 (HIT3a), anti-human CD28 purchased from PharMingen (San Diego, CA, USA) (CD28.2) was used.
- mice lymphocytes For the preparation of mouse lymphocytes, collect the spleen and lymph nodes and keep them on ice in complete medium I carried it. The spleen and lymph nodes were dissected in the medium by applying pressure to the tissue fragments between two glass slides. The cell suspension was filtered through a stainless mesh and washed twice with medium. Erythrocytes were lysed using ammonium chloride potassium carbonate lysing buffer.
- PBL peripheral blood lymphocyte
- blood was collected from healthy volunteers and separated from the blood by Ficoll Paque TM Plus (Pharmacia Biotech Inc., Wikstroms, Sweden; 4). Surviving nucleated cells were counted using a simple trypable monochromic exclusion system.
- B6 or 2C-tg mouse lymphocytes (5 ⁇ 10 7 ) are irradiated with 30 Gy ( 137 Cs; Gammacell 40, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Ottawa, Canada) to prepare an aro-reactive T cell line.
- 30 Gy 137 Cs; Gammacell 40, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Ottawa, Canada
- an aro-reactive T cell line In a 50 ml flask (35-3014; FALCON, Beckton Dickinson Bioscience, Inc., Franklin Lake, NJ, USA) with a total of 10 ml of RPMI 1640 complete medium with Balb / c lymphocytes (5 ⁇ 10 7 ) Co-cultured for 6 days.
- Activated aro-reactive T Itoda Tsuzuki is added to irradiated Balb / c lymphocytes by adding 10 ng / ml of human IL-12 (Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Fujioka, Japan). Stimulated every time.
- human IL-12 Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Fujioka, Japan. Stimulated every time.
- B6 CD8-depleted lymphocytes are irradiated to obtain a CD4 T cell line. Stimulated with lymphocytes.
- lymphocytes For the preparation of CD8-depleted lymphocytes, freshly isolated lymphocytes were incubated with anti-mouse CD8 (Lyt-2.2: Meiji, Tokyo, Japan) raAb for 30 minutes at 4 ° C, followed by Incubated with Low-Tox TM -M Rabbit completent (Cedarlane, Ontario, Canada) for 50 minutes at 37 ° C. B6 or 2C-tg ara antigen-activated T cells stimulated three or more times were used as mouse T cell lines.
- CD8 Lyt-2.2: Meiji, Tokyo, Japan
- raAb Low-Tox TM -M Rabbit completent
- peripheral blood lymphocytes 5 x 10 6
- peripheral blood lymphocytes 5 x 10 6
- 10 ng 10 ng
- the collected mouse cells were centrifuged, and the supernatant of a cultured hybridoma (2.4 G2; American type culture collection, Manassas, VA, USA) producing anti-mouse CD16 / 32 mAb was 50 ⁇ l for 30 minutes4. Incubated with C. This step was eliminated for human lymphocytes. The cells were washed with complete medium, incubated with various combinations of mAbs for 30 minutes at 4 ° C, and then washed twice with complete medium. Piotinylated mAbs were detected with PE or PerCP streptavidin.
- Labeled cells were analyzed by FACS Caliber using the CellQuest program (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA) and the FL0WJ0 program (TREE STAR, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA).
- PI propidium iodide
- CD3 + CD4 + PI-cells were designated as viable CD4 T cells and the population of CD3 + CD8 + Pr cells was designated as viable CD8 T cells.
- Transgenic clonotype T cells, CD8 + 1B2 + ⁇ cells were designated as viable 2c T cells.
- Na ⁇ ⁇ ve human or activated / memory human T cells were either gated (segmented) as CD62 / CD45RA + CD3 + cells or gated (segmented) as others in CD3 + cells, respectively (Picker, LJ et al., J. Immunol., 1993, 150: 1105-1121; Ostrowski, MA et al., J. Virol., 1999, 73: 6430-6435).
- lymphocytes newly isolated from 2C-tg mouse were used.
- 2.5 ml of a T cell line (2 ⁇ 10 6 / ml) from a 2C-tg mouse was injected with 30 Gy irradiated lymphocytes (1 ⁇ 10 6 ) from a B6 or Balb / c mouse.
- a mixture of 50 ⁇ l of 2C na ⁇ ve lymphocytes (1 ⁇ 10 7 / ml) and 50 ⁇ of B6 na ⁇ ve lymphocytes (1 ⁇ 10 7 / ml) was added to 2.5 ⁇ 10 7 PFU of In the presence of SeV-EGFP, the cells were stimulated with 100 ⁇ l of irradiated Balb / c, B6, or C3H lymphocytes (1 ⁇ 10 7 / ml) 100 ⁇ l for 2 days.
- B6 lymphocytes (4 ⁇ 10 6 / ml) were inactivated with 2000 raj of UV (UV crosslinker; Pharmacia Biotech Inc., San Francisco, Calif., USA) to SeV-luci (5 ⁇ 10 8 PFU / ml). of 1: 1 in the presence or absence of a ratio, after incubation for 30 minutes 37 ° C, cells were washed well with complete medium, SeV- EGFP and (2. 5 X 10 8 PFU / ml) 1 : Incubated at 37 ° C for 30 minutes at a ratio of 1.
- EGFP-positive unstimulated mouse CD3 + CD4 + or CD3 + CD8 + T cells also referred to as CD4 T cells or CD8 T cells, respectively
- had a low percentage 0.5-: 1.5% or 0.8-2.0, respectively.
- the percentage of EGFP-positive cells increased in a dose-dependent manner with SeV, with At that time almost reached the level of the plateau.
- T cell stimulation that allows naive T lymphocytes to respond and proliferate in primary culture without immunization in vivo Aro antigen was used as the antigen.
- Most of the T cell lines generated by co-culture of unmodified lymphocytes from C57BL / 6 and irradiated lymphocytes from Balb / c consist of CD8 T cells, so lymphocytes depleted of CD8 T cells
- the CD4 T cell line was obtained by co-culture with the stimulated lymphocytes irradiated with.
- T cells from 2c-tg mice were used.
- Na ⁇ ⁇ ve 2c T cells expressed EGFP very strongly only in the presence of Balb / c stimulated cells, and little expression was seen in syndigenous B6 stimulated cells, but 3% in Balb / c stimulated cells.
- SeV efficiently transduced EGFP into 2c T cells stimulated more than once and activated, either in the presence of B6 or Balb-stimulated cells (Fig. 3).
- CD3 + CD4 + or CD3 + CD8 + T cells stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies expressed EGFP at a high intensity, with a high percentage of EGFP-positive cells (range 30-69%, respectively). Or 50-70%) (Figure 6).
- both CD4 and CD8 T cells showed extremely efficient transduction of 97% or 98%, respectively, in the presence of the immobilized antibody (FIG. 8).
- FOG. 8 For this T cell line, simply incubating for 30 minutes at 37 ° C was sufficient to maximize EGFP expression.
- SeV-mediated activation of T cell-specific gene delivery was investigated.
- Factors that can affect the efficiency of gene transfer include the following: (I) SeV-specific receptor (Markwell, MA and Paulson, JC, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1980, 77: 5693-5697), (ii) a possible coreceptor for fusion (Kumar, M. et al., J. Virol., 1997, 71: 6398-6406; Eguchi, A. et al., J. Biol.
- the present invention it has become possible to efficiently introduce a gene into T cells. Since gene transfer into T cells is important for the treatment of various diseases involving the immune system, application of the present invention to an alteration strategy by gene delivery directed to T cells in these diseases is expected. .
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AU2003275581A AU2003275581A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2003-10-22 | Method of transferring gene into t cells |
CA002503317A CA2503317A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2003-10-22 | Method of transferring gene into t cells |
EP03758769A EP1561819A4 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2003-10-22 | METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING A GENE IN T CELLS |
US10/532,172 US20060104950A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2003-10-22 | Methods of Tranducing genes into T cells |
JP2004546441A JPWO2004038029A1 (ja) | 2002-10-24 | 2003-10-22 | T細胞に遺伝子を導入する方法 |
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US (1) | US20060104950A1 (ja) |
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US7101685B2 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 2006-09-05 | Dnavec Research Inc. | Recombinant Sendai virus |
US7226786B2 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2007-06-05 | Dnavec Research Inc. | Envelope gene-deficient Paramyxovirus vector |
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US10017784B2 (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2018-07-10 | Id Pharma Co., Ltd. | Gene transfer into airway epithelial stem cell by using lentiviral vector pseudotyped with RNA virus or DNA virus spike protein |
JP2022507453A (ja) * | 2018-11-14 | 2022-01-18 | フラッグシップ パイオニアリング イノベーションズ ブイ, インコーポレイテッド | T細胞送達のためのフソソーム組成物 |
JP2022513040A (ja) * | 2018-11-14 | 2022-02-07 | フラッグシップ パイオニアリング イノベーションズ ブイ, インコーポレイテッド | コンパートメント特異的カーゴ送達のための組成物および方法 |
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- 2003-10-22 CN CNA2003801075058A patent/CN1732267A/zh active Pending
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US7101685B2 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 2006-09-05 | Dnavec Research Inc. | Recombinant Sendai virus |
US7442544B2 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 2008-10-28 | Dnavec Research Inc. | Recombinant sendai virus |
US7226786B2 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2007-06-05 | Dnavec Research Inc. | Envelope gene-deficient Paramyxovirus vector |
US7521043B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2009-04-21 | Dnavec Research Inc. | Gene therapy for tumors using minus-strand RNA viral vectors encoding immunostimulatory cytokines |
US8889118B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2014-11-18 | Dna Vec Research Inc. | Anticancer agent containing dendritic cell having RNA virus transferred thereinto |
WO2006085451A1 (ja) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-17 | Dnavec Corporation | 遺伝子導入造血細胞から血液細胞を再構築させる方法 |
US10017784B2 (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2018-07-10 | Id Pharma Co., Ltd. | Gene transfer into airway epithelial stem cell by using lentiviral vector pseudotyped with RNA virus or DNA virus spike protein |
JP2022507453A (ja) * | 2018-11-14 | 2022-01-18 | フラッグシップ パイオニアリング イノベーションズ ブイ, インコーポレイテッド | T細胞送達のためのフソソーム組成物 |
JP2022513040A (ja) * | 2018-11-14 | 2022-02-07 | フラッグシップ パイオニアリング イノベーションズ ブイ, インコーポレイテッド | コンパートメント特異的カーゴ送達のための組成物および方法 |
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CA2503317A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
EP1561819A1 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
US20060104950A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
AU2003275581A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
JPWO2004038029A1 (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
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EP1561819A4 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
CN1732267A (zh) | 2006-02-08 |
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