WO2004011696A1 - 放電表面処理用電極および放電表面処理方法並びに放電表面処理装置 - Google Patents
放電表面処理用電極および放電表面処理方法並びに放電表面処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004011696A1 WO2004011696A1 PCT/JP2003/009687 JP0309687W WO2004011696A1 WO 2004011696 A1 WO2004011696 A1 WO 2004011696A1 JP 0309687 W JP0309687 W JP 0309687W WO 2004011696 A1 WO2004011696 A1 WO 2004011696A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- surface treatment
- powder
- discharge surface
- discharge
- Prior art date
Links
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 49
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 49
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 39
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 6
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
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- -1 titanium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- CMMUKUYEPRGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr](O)(=O)=O CMMUKUYEPRGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#[C] FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/004—Filling molds with powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- a metal powder, a metal compound powder, or a green compact obtained by compression-molding a ceramic powder is used as an electrode, and a pulse-like discharge is generated between the electrode and the work, and the discharge energy is used for the electrode.
- the present invention relates to a discharge surface treatment electrode, a discharge surface treatment method, and a discharge surface treatment device for forming a film of a material on a work surface or forming a film of a substance in which an electrode material has reacted with discharge energy on a work surface.
- a technique for coating the surface of a metal material by a submerged electric discharge machining method to enhance corrosion resistance and wear resistance is already known.
- this electrode material is deposited on a work by performing submerged pulse discharge on an electrode formed by mixing and compressing WC (tungsten carbide) and Co powder, and then another electrode (for example, copper)
- WC tungsten carbide
- Co powder for example, copper
- An electrode and a graphite electrode are disclosed in which remelting discharge is applied to obtain higher hardness and higher adhesion (see Patent Document 1). That is, using a WC-Co mixed green compact electrode, the workpiece (base material S50C) is subjected to electrical discharge machining in a liquid to deposit WC-Co on the workpiece (primary machining). Then, re-melting (secondary processing) is performed using a less wearable electrode such as a copper electrode.
- T i H 2 titanium hydride
- the electrode a powder of a metal hydride, if a discharge is generated between the workpiece, than when using a material such as T i, and fast A technique capable of forming a hard film with good adhesion has been disclosed (see Patent Document 2).
- the T i H 2 (titanium hydride) green compact obtained by mixing another metal or ceramics hydride such as an electrode, when a discharge is generated between the workpiece hardness, ⁇ such various
- a technique capable of quickly forming a hard coating having various properties such as a metal or ceramics hydride having various properties.
- a surface-treated electrode having high strength can be manufactured by pre-sintering (see Patent Document 3).
- a green compact formed by mixing WC powder and Co powder and compression molding is WC powder and Co powder. May be simply mixed and compression-molded, but if wax is mixed and then compression-molded, the compactability of the green compact is improved.
- the wax is an insulating substance. If a large amount of the wax remains in the electrode, the electrical resistance of the electrode increases and the discharge performance deteriorates. Has been removed.
- the heating temperature is too low, the wax cannot be removed, and if the temperature is too high, the pettas become soot and the purity of the electrode is degraded. It is necessary to keep the temperature below. Then, the green compact in the vacuum furnace is heated by a high-frequency coil or the like to give strength enough to withstand mechanical processing, and is baked to a hardness of, for example, black ink, so as not to be hardened. Called). In this case, the contact between carbides In, the bonding progresses with each other, but the sintering temperature is relatively low and the temperature does not reach the final sintering. It has been found that when a discharge surface treatment is performed with such an electrode, a dense and uniform coating can be formed.
- the above-mentioned conventional technologies are characterized by hardness and adhesion of the coating, abrasion resistance, rapidity of formation of the coating, denseness and uniformity of the coating. Not enough, further improvement needed.
- welding As a general technique for thickening a coating, there is a so-called welding spraying method.
- Welding (called build-up welding here) is a method in which the material of the welding rod is melted and adhered to the workpiece by electric discharge between the workpiece and the welding rod.
- Thermal spraying is a method in which a metal material is melted and sprayed onto a workpiece to form a coating. Either method is a manual operation and requires skill, so it is difficult to make the operation into a line and the cost is high.
- welding is a method in which heat concentrates on the work, especially when processing thin metal materials or in materials that are easily cracked such as directional control alloys such as single crystal alloys and unidirectional solidified alloys, There is also a problem that welding cracks occur and the yield is low.
- Patent Document 1
- Patent Document 2
- the electrode material was a hard ceramic material, or the component of oil in the machining fluid due to the energy of discharge. Reacts hard with C (carbon)
- the main component is a material that forms a carbide.
- Hard materials generally have properties such as a high melting point and poor heat conduction.Thus, a thin film of about 100 m can be formed densely, but a dense material of several hundred ⁇ or more can be formed. It was extremely difficult to form a thick film.
- the literature based on the study of the present inventors shows that a thick film of about 3 mm could be formed using a WC-C 0 (9: 1) electrode (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- the formation is not stable and difficult to reproduce.At first glance, it has a metallic luster and looks dense, but it has many pores and is brittle.The film is weak enough to be removed if it is strongly rubbed with a piece of metal. , ', Etc., which are difficult levels for practical use.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides a discharge surface treatment electrode, a discharge surface treatment method, and a discharge surface treatment apparatus for forming a thick film, which has been difficult to perform by coating by a conventional in-liquid pulse discharge treatment.
- the purpose is to do.
- a pulsed discharge is formed between the electrode and the workpiece in the working fluid by using a compact formed by compression molding a metal powder or a powder of a metal compound.
- a discharge surface treatment electrode used for discharge surface treatment in which a film of the electrode material is formed on the surface of the work by the discharge energy or a film of a substance reacted with the electrode material by the discharge energy is formed on the work surface. It is characterized in that it contains 40% by volume or more of a metal material which does not or hardly forms carbide as an electrode material.
- a material that is difficult to carbonize is included as an electrode material in the above range.
- the amount of metal material that remains in the film as a metal without being carbide during the pulse discharge treatment in liquid increases, and a thick film can be formed stably by pulse discharge treatment in liquid.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the concept of an electrode for discharge surface treatment and a method of manufacturing the electrode according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the coating thickness and Co% by weight
- FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing voltage and current waveforms at the electrode
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the coating thickness and the processing time
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a photograph exemplifying a film formed when the content of Co is 70% by volume.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the concept of an electrode for discharge surface treatment according to the second embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same.
- FIG. 8 is an electrode for discharge surface treatment according to the third embodiment of the present invention and the same. is a cross-sectional view showing the concept of a manufacturing method
- FIG. 9 includes a coating thickness and ⁇ 0 wt%
- FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the concept of an electrode for discharge surface treatment and a method of manufacturing the same according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the concept of an electrode for discharge surface treatment according to the fifth embodiment and a method of manufacturing the same.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the concept of an electrode for discharge surface treatment and a method of manufacturing the same according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing the transition of aircraft engine materials. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the concept of an electrode for discharge surface treatment and a method of manufacturing the electrode according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the space surrounded by the upper punch 103 of the mold, the lower punch 104 of the mold, and the die 105 of the mold contains Cr 3 C 2 (chromium carbide) powder 10.
- a mixed powder consisting of 1 and Co (cobalt) powder 102 is filled.
- a green compact is formed by compression molding the mixed powder.
- this green compact is used as a discharge electrode.
- the discharge surface treatment has mainly focused on the formation of a hard coating, particularly at a temperature close to room temperature, forming a coating mainly composed of hard carbide.
- a hard coating particularly at a temperature close to room temperature
- forming a coating mainly composed of hard carbide This is the current state of the art (for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-23664 discloses such technology).
- a technique of forming a film containing carbide as a main component a dense film can be formed uniformly, but the thickness of the film is increased to several tens ⁇ or more. As mentioned above, there is a problem that it cannot be done.
- a film can be made thicker as the material is added without forming carbides or hardly forming carbides to the components of the electrode material.
- a large percentage of materials that easily form carbides are included.
- T i C Titanium carbide.
- the material of the work surface changes from steel (when steel is processed) to TiC, which is a ceramic, and the properties such as heat conduction and melting point change accordingly.
- the coating does not turn into a carbide, and a phenomenon that the amount of material remaining in the coating as metal increases. It was found that the selection of the electrode material had a significant meaning in thickening the coating. In this case, it is natural that hardness, denseness, and uniformity are satisfied, and it is a premise that a thick film is formed.
- Cr 3 C 2 chromium carbide
- the fabricated electrode is fragile and easily collapses even when heated at a low temperature, while the amount of Co (cono kurt) is large. In this case, the strength of the electrode was easily increased even when the heating temperature was low.
- a small amount (2% to 3% by weight) of wax was mixed with the powder to be pressed to improve the molding ⁇ fe. The wax is removed on heating.
- Cr 3 C 2 (chromium carbide) uses a powder having a particle size of about 3 m to 6 ⁇ , and ⁇ 0 represents a particle size of 4 ⁇ ⁇ ! A powder of about 6 ⁇ m was used.
- the base material is Cr 3 C 2 (chromium carbide).
- the polarity used was negative for the electrode and positive for the workpiece. In Fig. 3, when the electrode has a negative polarity and the workpiece has a positive polarity, the vertical axis is displayed.
- the thickness of the film formed on the workpiece varies depending on the weight percent of Co contained in the manufactured electrode. According to FIG.
- the film thickness of about 10 ⁇ gradually increases from about 30 vol% of the C 0 content to about 10,000 ⁇ after the C ⁇ content exceeds 50 vol%. It shows that it gets thicker.
- a film is formed on the workpiece based on the above conditions, when C o in the electrode is 0%, that is, when Cr 3 C 2 (chromium carbide) is 100% by weight, it can be formed.
- the thickness of the coating is limited to about 10 ⁇ . The thickness cannot be increased any further.
- Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the treatment time and the coating thickness when there is no material that hardly forms carbide in the electrode. According to FIG. 4, at the beginning of the treatment, the coating grows with time and becomes thicker and saturates at some point (about 5 min cm 2 ).
- the film thickness does not grow for a while, but if the treatment is continued for a certain period of time (about 20 minutes (about 1112)), then the thickness of the film starts to decrease, and finally the film height becomes minus, that is, it becomes dug
- the coating still exists in the dug state, and its thickness itself is about 10 m, which is almost the same as the state treated in an appropriate time. Processing time in minutes is considered appropriate.
- the thickness can be increased.
- the amount of C0 in the electrode exceeds 30% by volume, the thickness of the film formed It has been found that when the thickness exceeds 40% by volume, a thick film is easily formed stably.
- the graph in FIG. 2 shows that the film thickness increases smoothly from about 30% by volume of C 0, but this is the average value of multiple tests.
- the Co content is about 30% by volume, the film may not be thick and may not be raised, or even if it is thick, the strength of the film is weak. In some cases, it is not stable. More preferably, the Co content should exceed 50% by volume.
- the volume% is a ratio of a value obtained by dividing a weight of each powder to be mixed by a density of each material, and is a ratio of a volume occupied by the material to a volume of the material of the whole powder.
- Fig. 5 shows a photograph of the film formed when the content of Co in the electrode was 70% by volume. This photograph illustrates the formation of a thick film. In the photograph shown in FIG. 5, a thick film of about 2 mm is formed. This film was formed in a processing time of 15 minutes, but with a longer processing time, a thicker film can be obtained.
- the electrode is hard to carbonize, such as Co, in the electrode.
- the 40 volume By using an electrode containing at least / o, a thick film can be stably formed on the surface of the workpiece by the discharge surface treatment.
- Co cobalt
- Ni nickel
- Fe iron
- the thick film mentioned here is a dense film that has a metallic luster inside the tissue (since it is a film formed by pulsed discharge, the outermost surface has poor surface roughness and appears to have no gloss). It is a kind of film. Even when there are few materials such as C o '(cobalt) that are difficult to form carbides, if the electrode strength is weakened, the deposits may rise. However, such deposits are not dense coatings, but can be easily removed by rubbing with metal pieces or the like.
- the stack described in Patent Document 1 and the like described above is such a non-dense film, and can be easily removed by rubbing with a metal piece or the like.
- the case where the electrode is formed by compressing and heating Cr 3 C 2 (chromium carbide) and Co powder has been described.
- the compact formed by compression molding is used as the electrode. In some cases, it may be acceptable.
- the hardness of the electrode may not be too hard or too soft, and appropriate hardness is required. Generally, heat treatment is required. Heating the green compact leads to maintenance of the molding and solidification.
- the hardness of the electrode depends on the bonding strength of the powder of the electrode material between the layers, and is related to the supply amount of the electrode material to the work side by electric discharge.
- the electrode material When the electrode is hard, the electrode material is strongly bonded, so that even if a discharge occurs, only a small amount of the electrode material is released, and the film cannot be formed sufficiently. Conversely, if the hardness of the electrode is low, the bonding of the electrode material is weak, so if a discharge occurs, a large amount of material will be supplied, and if the amount is too large, it will melt with the energy of the discharge pulse. And a dense film cannot be formed.
- the parameters that affect the hardness of the electrode that is, the bonding state of the electrode material, are the pressing pressure and the heating temperature. In this embodiment, about 10 OMPa was used as an example of the pressing pressure.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present embodiment is the electrode for discharge surface treatment described above, and has a volume of 40 volumes of a metal material that does not or does not form carbide.
- Electrode 203 made of a green compact obtained by compression-molding a powder containing at least / 0 or a green compact obtained by heat-treating this green compact, oil as a working fluid 205, electrode 203 and a workpiece
- the working fluid supply device 208 supplying the working fluid 205 between the electrode 203 and the work 204, and the electrode 203 and the workpiece are immersed in the working fluid.
- a discharge surface treatment power source 206 for generating a pulsed discharge by applying a voltage between the power source and the power source.
- the electrode 203 is composed of, for example, Cr 3 C 2 (chromium carbide) powder 201 and Co (cobalt) powder 202, and is a material that hardly forms carbide.
- the example 7 is 0 vol 0/0 to include.
- members that are not directly related to the present invention, such as a driving device that controls the relative position between the electrode 203 and the workpiece 204, are omitted.
- the electrode 203 and the workpiece 204 are arranged to face each other in the machining fluid 205, and the electrode for discharge surface treatment is formed in the machining fluid.
- a pulse-like discharge is generated between electrode 206 and work 204 from 206, and a film of the electrode material is formed on the work surface by the discharge energy, or a substance in which the electrode material reacts by the discharge energy. Is formed on the work surface.
- a thick film can be stably formed on the work surface by the submerged pulse discharge treatment.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the concept of an electrode for discharge surface treatment and a method of manufacturing the same according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the space surrounded by the upper punch 703 of the die, the lower punch 704 of the die, and the die 705 of the die contains Ti (titanium) powder 700 and C o (Cobalt)
- a mixed powder consisting of powder 102 is filled.
- a green compact is formed by compression-molding the mixed powder.
- the green compact is used as a discharge electrode.
- the powder for producing the electrode was compressed at a compression pressure of about 100 MPa, and the heating temperature was varied in the range of 400 ° C to 800 ° C.
- the content of the Ti (titanium) powder in the electrode is set to 100% by volume of the Ti (titanium) powder, that is, the C o in the electrode is zero. increase the case of the product 0/0 C o (cobalt) successively the content of the powder was investigated force shaping the state is how the membrane.
- Ti (titanium) powder uses a powder having a particle size of about 3 ⁇ 111 to 4 ⁇ m
- Co (connort) powder uses a powder having a particle size of about 4 m to 6 ⁇ m. did.
- T i (titanium) is a sticky material, making fine powder production difficult Since it is, which is a brittle material T i H 2 (titanium hydride) was Kona ⁇ in a ball mill at about 4 m from the particle size 3 im, after compression molding using the powder, heated to release hydrogen To obtain Ti powder.
- Electrode material in the case of T i (titanium) 1 0 0 vol 0/0, the coating is T i C (carbonized titanium), and the film thickness was about 1 0 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the content of C ⁇ which is difficult to carbonize, is increased, a thicker film can be formed, and the content of C ⁇ in the electrode is 40 volumes. It has been found that when the ratio exceeds / 0 , a thick film is formed stably and easily. It has been found that when the content of Co in the electrode exceeds 50% by volume, a thick film having a sufficient thickness can be formed. This result is almost the same as the result shown in the first embodiment.
- Ti (titanium) contained in the electrode becomes TiC (titanium carbide), which is a carbide in a discharge atmosphere in oil, which is a machining fluid, and the carbide is mixed from the beginning.
- TiC titanium carbide
- T i C titanium carbonate
- T i titanium carbonate
- Co (cobalt) powder By using an electrode containing 40% by volume or more of Co (cobalt) powder, a thick film can be stably formed on the work surface by the discharge surface treatment.
- Co (cobalt) is used as a material which is hard to form carbide forming the electrode by mixing with Ti (titanium) powder has been described as an example.
- Ti (titanium) powder has been described as an example.
- Fe (iron), and the like are materials capable of obtaining similar results, and are suitable for use in the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the concept of an electrode for discharge surface treatment and a method of manufacturing the same according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the space surrounded by the upper punch 803 of the die, the lower punch 804 of the die, and the die 805 of the die contains Cr (chrome) powder.
- a mixed powder consisting of powder 801 and Co (cobalt) powder 802 is filled.
- a green compact is formed by compression-molding the mixed powder.
- the green compact is used as a discharge electrode.
- the compression pressure of the powder used to produce the electrode was about 10 OMPa, and the heating temperature was varied from 400 ° C to 800 ° C.
- Example 2 a case was described in which a film was formed on an electrode in which Ti (titanium) powder, which is a metal that easily forms carbide, and Co (cobalt) powder, which is a material that is difficult to carbonize, were mixed.
- Ti (titanium) powder which is a metal that easily forms carbide
- Co (cobalt) powder which is a material that is difficult to carbonize
- an electrode is manufactured by mixing powder of Cr (chromium), which is a metal forming carbide, with powder of Co (cobalt), which is difficult to form carbide, and material.
- the content of the Cr (chromium) powder in the electrode is set to 100 volume% of the Cr (chromium) powder, that is, when the Co in the electrode is 0 volume%. Then, the content of Co (cobalt) powder was gradually increased, and the state of film formation was examined.
- Cr (chromium) powder used was a powder having a particle size of about 3 ⁇ to about 4 m
- Co (cobalt) powder used was a powder having a particle size of about 4 m to 6 ⁇ m.
- Electrode material in the case of C r (chromium) 100 vol 0/0, the film thickness of the film was about 10 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the coating components were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, a peak indicating the presence of Cr 3 C 2 (carbon chromium) and a peak indicating the presence of Cr (chromium) were observed. That is, Cr (chromium) is easy to carbonize, and although it is a material, it is less likely to carbonize than materials such as Ti (titanium), and the electrode contains Cr (chromium). In such a case, part of the film becomes carbide, and part of the film becomes the metal Cr (chromium).
- the coating could be made thicker as the content of Co, a material that was difficult to form, was increased.
- the ratio is higher than that in the case where the electrode component contains a carbide or a material that is extremely likely to become a carbide as in the first and second embodiments. It has been found that a thick film can be easily formed from the time when the content of Co in the electrode exceeds 20 volume ° / 0 .
- FIG. 9 shows the change in the thickness of the coating when the amount of Co was changed.
- the polarity used was negative for the electrode and positive for the workpiece. Processing time is 15 minutes.
- Ti (tidan) is extremely carbonized, and Cr (chromium) is less carbonized than Ti.
- Cr (chromium) is less carbonized than Ti.
- Ti and Mo (molybdenum) are considered to be easily carbonized, and Cr (chromium) and Si (silicon) are considered to be relatively hard to carbonize.
- Co (cobalt) is also contained in the electrode.
- a thick film can be stably formed on the surface of the work, particularly when the electrode contains 20% by volume or more of Co in the electrode.
- Co cobalt
- Cr chromium
- Ni nickel
- Fe iron
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing the concept of an electrode for discharge surface treatment according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same.
- the space surrounded by the upper punch 1005 of the die, the lower punch 1006 of the die, and the die 1007 of the die contains Mo (molybdenum) powder 1001, Cr (chrome) powder 1002, Si A mixed powder consisting of (silicon) powder 1003 and Co (cobalt) powder 1004 is filled. Mixing ratio of the powder, Mo (Moripuden) 28 wt%, C r (chromium) 17 weight%, and S i (silicon) 3 weight 0/0, Co (cobalt) 52 weight 0/0. In this case, the volume percentage of C 0 (cobalt) is about 50%.
- a green compact is formed by compression molding the mixed powder. In the discharge surface treatment, this green compact is used as a discharge electrode.
- Mo molybdenum 28 weight%
- C r chromium 17 weight 0/0
- S i silicon 3 weight%
- Co cobalt 52 weight% of the ratio
- Electrodes formulated in such a ratio are hardened due to the hardness of the material and the lubricity of Cr 2 ⁇ 3 (dichromic acid) formed by the oxidation of Cr (chromium) in a high-temperature environment. Exhibits the effect of wear.
- the pressing pressure for compression molding of the powder when producing the electrodes was about 10 OMPa, and the heating temperature was in the range of 600 ° C to 800 ° C.
- a small amount (2 to 3% by weight) of wax was mixed with the powder to be pressed to improve the formability. Pecks are removed when the force fl heats.
- the powder has a particle size of 2 u ⁇ for each material! A powder of about 6 ⁇ m was used.
- the polarity is negative for the electrode, work Used positive polarity.
- the same discharge surface treatment apparatus as that shown in FIG. 6 can be configured. Then, when a film is formed on the work surface by the submerged pulse discharge treatment by the discharge surface treatment apparatus, a thick film can be formed on the work material without generating distortion due to the pulse discharge in oil, which is a machining liquid. Was. It was also confirmed that the formed film exhibited abrasion resistance in a high-temperature environment, and a high-quality thick film could be formed.
- a film having various functions such as abrasion resistance can be obtained by forming a film on a work surface by pulse discharge treatment in a liquid using an electrode prepared by mixing materials in the above-described ratio.
- the materials other "C r (chromium) 2 5 wt%, N i (nickel) 1 0 weight 0 /., W (tungsten) 7 weight 0/0, C o (cobalt) remaining", or " 20% by weight of Cr (chromium), 10% by weight of Ni (nickel), 15% by weight of tungsten (W), and C0 (cobalt) residue.
- Stellite has excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature hardness. Therefore, it is a material in which portions requiring these properties are usually coated by welding or the like, and is suitable for coating when corrosion resistance and high-temperature hardness are required.
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing the concept of an electrode for discharge surface treatment and a method of manufacturing the same according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the space surrounded by the upper punch 1103 of the mold, the lower punch 1104 of the mold, and the die 1105 of the mold has a stellar structure.
- Powder (Co, Cr, Ni alloy powder) 1101 is filled.
- a green compact is formed by compression molding the mixed powder. In the discharge surface treatment, this green compact is used as a discharge electrode.
- the powder 1101 is a powder of an alloy (stellite) made by mixing Co (cobalt), Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), and the like at a predetermined alloy ratio.
- Examples of the method of powdering include an atomizing method and a method of pulverizing an alloy with a mill or the like.
- each powder grain is an alloy (stellite in Fig. 11).
- the alloy powder is compression molded with a die 1105 and punches 1103 and 1104. In some cases, a heat treatment may be performed thereafter to increase the strength of the electrode.
- the volume percentage of Co (cobalt) is over 40%.
- the pressing pressure for compressing the powder was about 10 OMPa, and the heating temperature was in the range of 600 ° C to 800 ° C.
- a small amount (2 to 3% by weight) of wax was mixed with the powder to be pressed to improve the formability.
- the wax is removed on heating.
- the powder has a particle size of 2 ⁇ for each material! A powder of about 6 ⁇ was used.
- the polarity used was negative for the electrode and positive for the workpiece.
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present embodiment configured using the electrodes manufactured as described above.
- the discharge surface treatment apparatus immerses the electrode 12 ⁇ 2 made of the alloy powder having the above-mentioned alloy ratio, the oil which is the working fluid 1204, the electrode 1202 and the work 1203 in the working fluid.
- a machining fluid supply device 1208 for supplying a machining fluid 1204 between the electrode 1202 and the workpiece 1203, and a voltage applied between the electrode 1202 and the workpiece 1203 to perform panorama.
- a discharge surface treatment power supply 125 for generating a discharge in the form of a discharge.
- the electrode 122 is made of alloy powder 122. It should be noted that components and components that are not directly related to the present invention, such as a driving device for controlling the relative position between the power supply for electric discharge surface treatment 125 and the work 123, are omitted.
- the electrode 122 and the workpiece 123 are arranged opposite to each other in the machining fluid 124, and the discharge surface treatment is performed in the machining fluid.
- a pulse-like discharge is generated between the electrode 122 and the work 123 from the power supply 125, and a film of the electrode material is formed on the work surface by the discharge energy, or the electrode material is formed by the discharge energy.
- a film of the reacted substance is formed on the work surface.
- a discharge arc column 1206 is generated between the electrode 122 and the workpiece 123.
- the electrode material is supplied to the workpiece for each discharge.
- the electrode material is made of powder, the material is uniform since the powder of the alloy is used, and there is no variation in the material even when supplied to the electrode 122. As a result, it is possible to form a high-quality coating having no variation in components due to unevenness of the electrode material.
- a plurality of elements are alloyed at a predetermined ratio.
- the powder of the alloy material and manufacturing the electrode from the powder, it became possible to eliminate variations in the components of the electrode.
- a thick film can be stably formed on the work surface, and the film components of the formed film can be made uniform.
- a thick film having a uniform film component can be stably formed on the work surface by pulse discharge treatment in liquid.
- the alloy to be powdered may of course be an alloy of another combination, for example, "Cr (chromium) 25% by weight, Ni (nickel) 10% by weight, W (tungsten) 7% by weight , Co (cobalt) residue ”alloy ratio can also be used.
- the alloy with the agreed ratio of “Cr (chromium) 25% by weight, Ni (nickel) 10% by weight, W (tungsten) 7% by weight, Co (cobalt) balance” is relatively soft, "Mo (molybdenum) 28 wt%, Cr (chromium) 17 wt%, Si (silicon) 3 wt./., Co remaining" alloy ratio is relatively hard. Charge. In the case of heat treatment of the electrode, the latter must be set on average higher by about 10 o ° c than the former in order to give the required hardness to the electrode.
- the formation of a thick film becomes easier as the amount of metal contained in the coating film increases.
- the material contained in the alloy powder which is a component of the electrode, the more the C0 (cobalt), Ni (nickel), and Fe (iron) are materials that do not easily form carbides, the denser the thicker the film is. It becomes easier.
- the materials mixed as alloy components other than the materials C0 (cobalt), Ni (nickel), and Fe (iron) are materials that form carbides.
- metal components other than Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), and Fe (iron) will be included in the coating.
- the ratio of Co, Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), and Fe (iron) can at least form a denser thick film.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the concept of a discharge surface treatment electrode according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the electrode.
- Co (cobalt) powder 1302 is mixed with Co alloy powder 1301.
- the mixed powder is filled.
- a green compact is formed by compression molding the mixed powder.
- the green compact is used as a discharge electrode.
- the pressing pressure for compressing the powder was about 100 MPa, and the heating temperature was in the range of 600 ° C to 800 ° C.
- Alloy ratio of C o alloy powder 1301 is "M o (molybdenum) 28 weight%, C r (chromium) 17 weight 0/0, S i (silicon) 3 weight 0/0, Co (cobalt) remaining"
- the Co alloy powder 1301 is a powder of an alloy material having such an alloy ratio. Both the Co alloy powder 1301 and the C 0 powder 1302 used had a particle size of about 2 ⁇ m to about 6 m. Alloys with an alloy ratio of "Mo (molybdenum) 28% by weight, Cr (chromium) 17% by weight, Si (silicon) 3% by weight, Co (cobalt) residue" have an abrasion resistance in a high temperature environment.
- Alloy used as a material for This alloy has a Hardness with the material, the effect of wear since the C r in a high-temperature environment of C r 2 0 3 (chromium oxide) to (chromium) can be Sani ⁇ exerts lubricity effective Demonstrate. Therefore, by using an electrode containing the powder of this alloy, a coating with excellent wear resistance can be obtained. A film can be formed.
- an alloy powder with an alloy ratio of “Mo (molybdenum) 28% by weight, Cr (chromium) 17% by weight 0 /., Si (silicon) 3% by weight, and Co (cobalt) residue” By using an electrode made of a mixed powder in which Co (cobalt) powder is mixed at about 20% by weight, it is possible to form a dense thick film while having the effect of abrasion resistance. As a material having such an effect, Ni or Fe can be used in addition to Co, and a plurality of these materials can be mixed.
- Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the transition of aircraft engine materials.
- engine blades are used in high-temperature environments, so heat-resistant alloys are used as materials.
- ordinary structures were used, but now special structures such as single crystal alloys and unidirectional solidified alloys are used.
- These materials can be used in high temperature environments Although it is a material that can withstand the use of steel, it has the drawback of easily cracking when heat is applied locally and large unevenness in temperature occurs as in welding. Also, in the case of the aircraft engine as a whole, welding and thermal spraying often cause other materials to adhere to it, so cracks occur due to localized heat input and the yield is poor, resulting in poor yield.
- the arc current on the workpiece does not move in a short time because the discharge current flows continuously, and the workpiece is strongly heated.
- the discharge current is stopped in a short time (time from several ⁇ s to several tens ⁇ s)
- the pulse width te shown in Fig. 3 is the time during which discharge occurs
- the discharge delay time td and the pause time to are the time during which no discharge occurs, that is, the time during which heat does not enter the workpiece. It is.
- the next discharge pulse is generated in another place, indicating that heat concentration is less than in welding.
- a thick film can be obtained by using an electrode containing not less than 40% by volume of a metal material that does not or hardly forms carbide as an electrode material for electric discharge surface treatment without using welding or thermal spraying as in the past. As a result, a thick film can be formed without cracking.
- the discharge surface treatment electrode according to the present invention is suitable for use in the surface treatment related industry for forming a film on the surface of a workpiece, and particularly, the surface for forming a thick film on the surface of the workpiece. Suitable for use in processing related industries.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (10)
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CA2494366A CA2494366C (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2003-07-30 | Electrode for electric discharge surface treatment, method of electric discharge surface treatment, and apparatus for electric discharge surface treatment |
EP03771434A EP1526191B1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2003-07-30 | Electrode for electric discharge surface treatment, electric discharge surface treatment method and electric discharge surface treatment apparatus |
JP2004524314A JP4137886B2 (ja) | 2002-07-30 | 2003-07-30 | 放電表面処理用電極および放電表面処理方法並びに放電表面処理装置 |
AT03771434T ATE474946T1 (de) | 2002-07-30 | 2003-07-30 | Elektrode für die behandlung von oberflächen mit elektrischen entladungen, verfahren zur behandlung von oberflächen mit elektrischen entladungen und vorrichtung zur behandlung von oberflächen mit elektrischen entladungen |
DE60333457T DE60333457D1 (de) | 2002-07-30 | 2003-07-30 | Elektrode für die behandlung von oberflächen mit elektrischen entladungen, verfahren zur behandlung von oberflächen mit elektrischen entladungen und vorrichtung zur behandlung von oberflächen mit elektrischen entladungen |
TW092120765A TWI250908B (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2003-07-30 | Electrode for discharge surface treatment, discharge surface treatment method and discharge surface treatment device |
US10/516,506 US7537808B2 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2003-07-30 | Electrode for electric discharge surface treatment, electric discharge surface treatment method and electric discharge surface treatment apparatus |
IL16517904A IL165179A0 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2004-11-11 | Electrode for electric discharge surface treatment, method of electric discharge surface treatment, and apparatus for electric discharge surface treatment |
IL179152A IL179152A (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2006-11-09 | A method of handling electric discharge of a surface |
US12/194,970 US8377339B2 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2008-08-20 | Electrode for electric discharge surface treatment, method of electric discharge surface treatment, and apparatus for electric discharge surface treatment |
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US12/194,970 Continuation-In-Part US8377339B2 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2008-08-20 | Electrode for electric discharge surface treatment, method of electric discharge surface treatment, and apparatus for electric discharge surface treatment |
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EP (1) | EP1526191B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4137886B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20050026525A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100529182C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE474946T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2494366C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60333457D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2347551T3 (ja) |
IL (2) | IL165179A0 (ja) |
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JPWO2006057053A1 (ja) * | 2004-11-29 | 2008-06-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 放電表面処理用電極及び放電表面処理方法並びに放電表面処理装置 |
WO2007043102A1 (ja) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-19 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | 放電表面処理用電極及び放電表面処理方法並びに被膜 |
US20090246463A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2009-10-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Electrode for discharge surface treatment, discharge surface treatment method, film, and film forming method |
WO2007113914A1 (ja) | 2006-04-05 | 2007-10-11 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | 被膜および被膜の形成方法 |
JPWO2007113914A1 (ja) * | 2006-04-05 | 2009-08-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 被膜および被膜の形成方法 |
JP4705677B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-05 | 2011-06-22 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 被膜および被膜の形成方法 |
US8287968B2 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2012-10-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Coating film and coating-film forming method |
US9347137B2 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2016-05-24 | Ihi Corporation | Method of manufacturing electrode for electrical-discharge surface treatment, and electrode for electrical-discharge surface treatment |
US9234284B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2016-01-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Electrical discharge surface treatment method |
CN102686918A (zh) * | 2009-11-13 | 2012-09-19 | 株式会社Ihi | 流体设备的密封结构 |
US9695939B2 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2017-07-04 | Ihi Corporation | Seal structure of fluid device |
CN102906308A (zh) * | 2010-05-26 | 2013-01-30 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 放电表面处理用电极及放电表面处理覆膜 |
CN102906308B (zh) * | 2010-05-26 | 2016-05-11 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 放电表面处理用电极及放电表面处理覆膜 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL179152A0 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
ATE474946T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
IL165179A0 (en) | 2005-12-18 |
JP4137886B2 (ja) | 2008-08-20 |
TW200408482A (en) | 2004-06-01 |
CN100529182C (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
DE60333457D1 (de) | 2010-09-02 |
JPWO2004011696A1 (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
CN1671887A (zh) | 2005-09-21 |
CA2494366C (en) | 2012-10-09 |
US20090092845A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
EP1526191A4 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
US8377339B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 |
RU2294397C2 (ru) | 2007-02-27 |
IL179152A (en) | 2011-02-28 |
EP1526191A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
US7537808B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 |
KR20050026525A (ko) | 2005-03-15 |
EP1526191B1 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
CA2494366A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
ES2347551T3 (es) | 2010-11-02 |
TWI250908B (en) | 2006-03-11 |
US20050211165A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
RU2005105333A (ru) | 2005-07-27 |
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