Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
  • F16D1/12—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements allowing adjustment of the parts about the axis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
  • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
  • B63B1/34—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
  • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
  • B63B1/34—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
  • B63B1/36—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using mechanical means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C21/00—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow
  • B64C21/10—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow using other surface properties, e.g. roughness
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C2230/00—Boundary layer controls
  • B64C2230/26—Boundary layer controls by using rib lets or hydrophobic surfaces
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
  • Y02T50/10—Drag reduction
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
  • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24917—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including metal layer

Definitions

• the invention relates to a solid body made of plastic, glass, ceramic or metal, which at least partially has a microstructured surface with rows of ridges trapezoidal or wedge-shaped in cross section oriented in a preferred direction.
• the invention further relates to methods for the production of the solid and possible uses.
• DE 36 09 541 A1 describes a reduced flow resistance by means of a surface with a reduced wall shear stress of a turbulent flow body with grooves running in the flow direction, which are separated from one another by ribs with sharp edges.
• the ribs are not arranged in parallel rows in parallel but offset from each other.
• EP 0 846 617 A2 describes a surface for a wall with turbulent flow from a main flow direction, with ribs oriented in the flow direction and spaced laterally to the main flow direction, the height of which is 45 to 60% of the rib spacing.
• the ribs are wedge-shaped with a wedge angle of 20 to 50 °.
• the valleys between the rows can be flat or curved.
• EP 0 846 617 A2 ensure a relatively low-friction, homogeneous flow over the surface. Due to the regular arrangement of the microstructure, however, a comparatively thin boundary layer is formed between the surface and the overflowing medium, fluid or gas, which is not optimal for dissolving the friction-induced shear stress. Therefore, the flow can be easily disturbed and even broken off if necessary.
• Solid body made of plastic, glass, ceramic or metal, which at least partially has a microstructured surface with rows oriented in a preferred direction of ridges which are trapezoidal or wedge-shaped in cross section,
• the ridges in height (H) have minima and maxima which are in the range from 0 mm to 2 mm, and
• the minima and maxima periodically follow one another with wavelengths in the range from 0.005 to 20 mm, and
• the distance between the rows of adjacent ridges to each other is 0.002 mm to 5 mm
• the valleys between the rows can be flat, arched or tapering
• the ridges trapezoidal or wedge-shaped in cross-section have a wedge angle ( ⁇ ) in the range from 15 to 75 °.
• the solid body according to the invention has the particular advantage that, when overflowed with a gas or a fluid, it has a very low friction or. Has flow resistance. This is achieved in particular by means of a surface structure with rows of ridges which are trapezoidal or wedge-shaped in cross section.
• the ridges in the height (H) have minima and maxima which are in the range from 0 mm to 2 mm, and the minima and Maxima periodically with wavelengths in the range from 0.005 to 20 mm follow each other in such a way that a somewhat inhomogeneous overflow is achieved which does not stop even over longer distances.
• a better result can be achieved according to the invention compared to the prior art.
• Cross-sectional planes AA, BB, and CC of Fig. 1a show the alternating minima and maxima of the heights (H) of the ridges running in parallel rows, the pointed valleys and the fluctuating cross-section base width.
• Fig 1c shows the alternating minima and maxima of the heights (H) of the ridges running in parallel rows, the pointed valleys and the fluctuating cross-section base width.
• the invention relates to a
• Solid body made of plastic, glass, ceramic or metal, which at least partially has a microstructured surface with rows oriented in a preferred direction of ridges trapezoidal or wedge-shaped in cross section.
• Plastics are preferred, in particular thermosets and particularly preferably thermoplastics.
• Amorphous plastics are preferred for thermoplastics.
• Suitable plastics are e.g. B .:
• Weather-resistant plastics such as
• plastics with high surface hardness are particularly suitable.
• Liquid Cristall Polymers are also suitable.
• metals aluminum and titanium, as well as alloys of these metals and possibly also magnesium alloys are to be mentioned in particular.
• the ridges have minima in height (H), which are in the range from 0 mm to less than 2 mm.
• the minima are preferably in the range from 0.001 to 1 mm, in particular from in the range from 0.01 to 0.1 mm.
• the ridges have maxima in height (H) which are in the range from more than 0 mm to 2 mm.
• the maxima are preferably in the range from 0.001 to 1 mm, in particular in the range from 0.01 to 0.1 mm.
• the maxima are always larger than minima.
• the maxima are preferably at least 0.001 mm, particularly preferably at least 0.01 mm, larger than the minima.
• the height of the ridges is determined relative to the valleys. If the valleys lie in a reference plane, the heights of the ridges fluctuate relative to them. Theoretically, it is also possible for the ridges to lie in a reference plane and for the valleys to fluctuate in depth, which also causes fluctuating ridges' heights. Minima of 0 mm lie in the level of the valleys. However, the minima are preferably greater than 0 mm.
• the minima and maxima follow one another periodically with wavelengths in the range from 0.005 to 20 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 5 mm.
• a sinusoidal waveform is preferred.
• the distance between the rows of adjacent ridges is 0.002 mm to 5 mm, preferably 0.005 to 0.5 mm, in particular 0.02 to 0.2 mm, and the valleys between the rows can be flat, curved or tapering.
• the rows of ridges preferably run parallel to one another in the preferred direction.
• the ridges which are trapezoidal or wedge-shaped in cross-section have a wedge angle ( ⁇ , see FIG. 1 c) in the range from 15 to 75 degrees, preferably 30 to 60 degrees, in particular 30 to 45 degrees.
• the trapezoidal or wedge-shaped cross sections are preferably symmetrical, but may also be slightly or more asymmetrical if necessary. However, the latter is more difficult to achieve in terms of flow technology and more difficult to manufacture.
• the angle ( ⁇ ') opposite the angle ( ⁇ ) is different from ( ⁇ ), but should also be in the range given for ( ⁇ ).
• burrs which are trapezoidal or wedge-shaped in cross section, as well as mixtures of these shape classes in one surface.
• the burrs can also fluctuate periodically in the cross-sectional base width (B).
• the ridges can run straight in their preferred direction or can also swing laterally around the preferred direction, preferably sinusoidally.
• the wavelengths of the side vibrations can be 0.005 to 20 mm, preferably 0.001 to 10 mm and in particular 0.01 to 1 mm.
• the wedge angle ( ⁇ ) of the ridges is preferably constant with respect to a number.
• the periodic height fluctuations of the ridges of adjacent rows are preferably offset alternately, particularly preferably by half a wavelength, in particular by half a sinusoidal wavelength. This has the advantage that the formation of undesired resonance vibrations and / or acoustic vibrations is significantly reduced.
• the manufacture of the solid or corresponding molded parts is possible by imaging the microstructures in the primary molding process, forming process, ablative machining or separation technology possible, e.g. B. by embossing, machining, casting, injection molding, high-energy radiation (z. B. laser beams), photo-etching technology, etc.
• a polymerizing mixture e.g. B. a syrup of methyl methacrylate and polymethyl methacrylate containing a polymerization initiator is imaged on a master mold.
• This can e.g. B. be a glass plate with a negatively imaged microstructure.
• EP-A 659531 discloses a corresponding coextrusion method for embossing macrostructures (Fresnel lenses), which in principle is also suitable for microstructures after adaptation within the scope of the professional routine.
• the solids according to the invention can be used as components with friction-reducing surfaces for reducing the friction of air or water flows on surfaces of (air, water or land) vehicles or as lines and containers for reducing the friction of fluid flows in fast-flowing fluids in lines and containers Reduced adhesion of contaminants on surfaces worth protecting, as antimicrobial surfaces, as refractive and / or diffuse light-scattering surfaces, as anti-reflective surfaces.
• the invention lies in the improvement of the geometry described, with the proviso that the friction of flowing fluids or gases, in particular air, be further reduced on the surface structured according to the invention by a preferably sinusoidal height profile and / or a sinusoidal side profile of the groove or ridge structure , Local micro vortices are thereby generated, which remain largely stationary and form an improved boundary layer with the flowing fluid, in which friction-inducing shear stresses can be better reduced and the braking frictional effect of the fluid or gas on the surface is thereby reduced.
• the surface is equipped with agents having a biocidal action, which can, for example, be coated, coextruded or incorporated into the base material, the overall effect of the agents is supported by the enlargement of the surface and improved compared to a uniform structure.
• the structure according to the invention reduces light reflections on the surface.
• the refraction of light and the re-emergence of radiation from the surface which can be made from transparent to translucent and clear or colored plastic, create particularly decorative coloring and light effects.
• the structured surface offers a particularly grippy hold, since the ridges of the ridges can be pressed deeper into the skin, textile fabric, leather, etc. than flat structures without locally protruding ridges.
• the structure according to the invention can be made from amorphous, partially crystalline, cross-linked and uncross-linked plastics, from metals and low-melting glasses by shaping, reshaping or machining or with high-energy radiation from a largely flat surface.

Landscapes

• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
• Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
• Golf Clubs (AREA)
• Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
• Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
• Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (13)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=28798508

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (15)

Cited By (14)

Families Citing this family (62)

Citations (11)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 2002
  • 2002-04-17 DE DE10217111A patent/DE10217111A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2003
  • 2003-04-01 EP EP03708277A patent/EP1495236B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-04-01 BR BR0303391-0A patent/BR0303391A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-04-01 IL IL158065A patent/IL158065A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-04-01 AU AU2003212385A patent/AU2003212385A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-04-01 KR KR10-2003-7014936A patent/KR20040100839A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2003-04-01 WO PCT/EP2003/003368 patent/WO2003087604A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2003-04-01 CN CNB038002248A patent/CN100356076C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-04-01 AT AT03708277T patent/ATE303526T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-04-01 CA CA2447217A patent/CA2447217C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-04-01 US US10/477,194 patent/US7041363B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-04-01 MX MXPA03011654A patent/MXPA03011654A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2003-04-01 JP JP2003584519A patent/JP4681232B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-04-01 DE DE50301111T patent/DE50301111D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-04-01 ES ES03708277T patent/ES2246043T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-12-15 ZA ZA200309722A patent/ZA200309722B/xx unknown

Patent Citations (11)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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