WO2006088138A1 - 金属管及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
金属管及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006088138A1 WO2006088138A1 PCT/JP2006/302839 JP2006302839W WO2006088138A1 WO 2006088138 A1 WO2006088138 A1 WO 2006088138A1 JP 2006302839 W JP2006302839 W JP 2006302839W WO 2006088138 A1 WO2006088138 A1 WO 2006088138A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- metal
- convex portions
- friction
- tube
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
- B21C1/22—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles
- B21C1/24—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
- B21C3/16—Mandrels; Mounting or adjusting same
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/08—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls
- B21C37/202—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls with guides parallel to the tube axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D15/00—Corrugating tubes
- B21D15/02—Corrugating tubes longitudinally
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/002—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer
- F15D1/0025—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply
- F15D1/003—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply comprising surface features, e.g. indentations or protrusions
- F15D1/0035—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply comprising surface features, e.g. indentations or protrusions in the form of riblets
- F15D1/004—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply comprising surface features, e.g. indentations or protrusions in the form of riblets oriented essentially parallel to the direction of flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
- F15D1/06—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits by influencing the boundary layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/006—Rigid pipes specially profiled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal pipe for transporting fluids such as water, oil, air, natural gas, and a method for producing the same, and more specifically, a metal pipe used for an oil well, a gas well, or a geothermal well, and The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a metal tube.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a tube having a plurality of depressions and protrusions formed on the inner peripheral surface and a tube having a plurality of grooves formed on the inner peripheral surface.
- Patent Document 1 it is assumed that the shape of these inner peripheral surfaces generates a large number of vortices at the boundary between the high-speed fluid flowing in the inner core of the tube and the low-speed fluid flowing in the vicinity of the tube wall, thereby reducing fluid friction. Yes.
- the generation of vortices is thought to increase energy loss and conversely increase fluid friction.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-97211 discloses a metal tube in which a sheet having a plurality of riblets extending in the tube axis direction is bonded to an inner peripheral surface.
- the plurality of riblets means a plurality of convex portions having the same height and the same shape and arranged at equal intervals.
- the dimensionless height h + of the riblet represented by the formula (1) is set to 1-20.
- h is the height of the riblet (m)
- Ur is the friction velocity (mZs)
- v is the kinematic viscosity coefficient of the fluid (m 2 / s).
- D is the pipe inner diameter (m)
- APZL is the pressure loss per unit pipe length (PaZm)
- ⁇ is the pipe friction coefficient (dimensionless)
- Um is the average pipe flow velocity (mZs).
- Re is the Reynolds number (dimensionless), and is represented by the following equation (6).
- the distance s is expressed by the following expression (7) from the expressions (2) and (5).
- the height h and the distance s of the riblet in Patent Document 2 depend on the Reynolds number Re, the coefficient of pipe friction, and the pipe diameter D. Since the pipe friction coefficient is generally a function of the Reynolds number Re, the riblet height h and distance s depend on the Reynolds number Re and the pipe diameter D.
- the riblet of Patent Document 2 can reduce fluid friction within the range of Reynolds number (referred to as the assumed Reynolds number) assumed at the time of design! In addition, the fluid friction is increased.
- the assumed Reynolds number For oil wells, gas wells and steam wells! Since the ejection characteristics of the well and the components of the ejected fluid change over time, the flow Reynolds number Re in the well changes over time. Therefore, in the case of a metal tube with a riblet designed in the Reynolds number range based on the ejection characteristics of the original well and the ejected fluid component, if the Reynolds number deviates from the expected Reynolds number range over time, the riblet effect Is not possible.
- the pipe of Patent Document 2 reduces fluid friction only for the flow in the assumed Reynolds number range, and if the fluid friction cannot be reduced if it deviates from the assumed Reynolds number range, the fluid friction is reversed. To increase.
- riblets are formed on a sheet different from the pipe, and the sheet is bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the pipe. Since it is difficult to accurately bond such a sheet to the inner peripheral surface of the pipe, it is difficult to easily manufacture the pipe of Patent Document 2. Further, since the sheet is a flexible organic material or metal foil, there is a problem with the durability of the riblet.
- Non-patent documents include the following two documents.
- Non-Patent Literature l Sirovich, L. And Karlsson, Turbulent drag reduction by passi ve mechanisums, Nature, Vol. 388 (1997), 753.
- Non-Patent Document 2 Walsh, M. J. And Weinstein, L. M .: Drag and Heat Transfer with
- An object of the present invention is to provide a metal tube capable of reducing fluid friction in a wide range of Reynolds number. Is Rukoto.
- Turbulent friction of fluid is caused by a vortex structure in the vicinity of a solid wall. That is, when the fluid flows in the pipe, a streak structure is formed in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface of the pipe in which high-speed streaks and low-speed streaks extending in the pipe axis direction are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. A hairpin vortex is generated in a part of the low-speed streak in the streak structure, and the head of the hairpin vortex is lifted as it goes downstream and moves away from the inner peripheral surface of the pipe.
- the low-speed stream also peels off the inner peripheral surface of the pipe, violently disturbs, and collapses along with the hairpin vortex, causing the streak structure to meander in the circumferential and radial directions. Energy loss occurs due to the collapse of this vortex structure and streak meandering, resulting in fluid turbulent friction.
- the distance between adjacent low-speed streaks (hereinafter referred to as the distance between streaks) W + (dimensionless by friction speed and kinematic viscosity coefficient) and the diameter d + of hairpin vortex (by friction speed and kinematic viscosity coefficient) Dimensionless) depends on the Reynolds number. Specifically, the greater the Reynolds number, the narrower the streak distance W +, and the smaller the hairpin vortex diameter d +.
- a plurality of riblets having a constant height and interval can only suppress the generation and collapse of hairpin vortices corresponding thereto and the meandering of streaks. Therefore, for such a riblet, the streak structure and the scale of the hairpin vortex do not match the riblet dimensions for the flow outside the specified Reynolds number range. Increase.
- the present inventors can reduce fluid friction over a wide Reynolds number range by arranging a plurality of convex portions having a plurality of different heights in the circumferential direction. Thought. On the surface having a plurality of convex portions extending in the direction of fluid flow and having different heights, streak structures and hairpin vortex streaks are caused by changes in flow and Reynolds numbers. Even if the kale changes, the streaks and hairpin vortices can match any of the protrusions. Therefore, the plurality of convex portions having a plurality of different heights can reduce fluid friction in a wide Reynolds number range.
- the metal tube according to the present invention has a plurality of convex portions on the inner peripheral surface having a plurality of different heights, extending in the axial direction, and arranged in the circumferential direction.
- the plurality of convex portions arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the metal tube according to the present invention have a plurality of different heights. For this reason, even if the streak structure or the scale of the hairpin vortex changes due to a change in the Reynolds number, the streak or hairpin vortex matches one of the convex portions. Therefore, a plurality of convex portions having a plurality of different heights can reduce fluid friction with respect to a plurality of different Reynolds numbers.
- the arithmetic average roughness in the transverse direction of the inner peripheral surface including a plurality of convex portions is preferably 1 to: LOO m.
- the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is determined based on miS B0601. 1 Average roughness: if the LOO / zm, can effectively reduce the fluid friction over a wide Reynolds number range, especially, is particularly effective in 10 4 or more Reynolds number range.
- the heights and intervals of the plurality of convex portions in the cross section are irregular.
- the axial length of the convex portion is not less than 0.03 times the inner diameter of the metal tube. In this case, since the length of the convex portion is longer than the distance necessary for the collapse of the hairpin vortex generating force that causes fluid friction, the occurrence and collapse of the hairpin vortex can be suppressed and fluid friction can be reduced.
- a method of manufacturing a metal tube according to the present invention includes a step of inserting one end of an element tube into a die, and a plurality of protrusions having a plurality of different heights, extending in an axial direction, and arranged in a circumferential direction.
- a step of inserting a plug having a cylindrical portion provided on the surface into the raw tube, and a step of pulling out the raw tube while the die and the plug are fixed.
- a plurality of convex portions having a plurality of different heights can be easily formed on the inner peripheral surface of the metal tube by pulling out with a plug having a plurality of convex portions on the surface. Formed into it can. Therefore, a metal tube provided with a plurality of convex portions having a plurality of different heights on the inner peripheral surface can be easily manufactured.
- the convex portion is formed on the metal tube itself rather than the convex portion formed on a material different from the metal tube such as a sheet. Therefore, the durability of the convex portion can be maintained high.
- the arithmetic average roughness in the transverse direction of the surface of the cylindrical portion is preferably 1 to: LOO m.
- the arithmetic average roughness in the transverse direction of the inner peripheral surface of the manufactured metal pipe can be set to 1 to: LOO / zm.
- the manufactured metal tube can effectively reduce the fluid friction in a wide Reynolds number range, particularly at a Reynolds number of 10 4 or more.
- the main surface of the metal plate is ground in the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of convex portions having a plurality of different heights and extending in the longitudinal direction are formed on the main surface. And a step of welding both end faces in the longitudinal direction of the metal plate so that the main surface of the metal plate becomes the inner peripheral surface.
- a plurality of convex portions having a plurality of different heights can be easily formed on the main surface of the metal plate by grinding the main surface of the metal plate. Therefore, a metal tube having a plurality of convex portions having different heights on the inner peripheral surface can be easily manufactured.
- the convex portion is formed on the welded pipe itself rather than being formed on a material different from the welded pipe (for example, a sheet). Therefore, the durability of the convex portion can be maintained high. Even in this case, in the step of forming the plurality of convex portions on the main surface, the arithmetic average roughness in the transverse direction of the main surface is preferably set to 1 to: L 00 m.
- the arithmetic average roughness in the transverse direction on the inner peripheral surface of the manufactured welded pipe can be set to 1 to: LOO / zm. Therefore, in a broad Reynolds Number range was manufactured welded tube can be effectively reduced fluid friction in particular 10 4 Reynolds number range.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a metal tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a part of the inner peripheral surface of the metal tube shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a dimension in the transverse direction on the inner peripheral surface of the metal pipe shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a dimensional shape different from the shape shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a first step of a method for producing a metal tube by cold drawing.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a second step of a method for producing a metal tube by cold drawing.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a plug used for cold drawing.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a third step of a method for manufacturing a metal tube by cold drawing.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a fourth step of the method of manufacturing a metal tube by cold drawing.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a first step of a welded pipe manufacturing method.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a second step of the welded pipe manufacturing method.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of a test apparatus used in Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a test duct in the test apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the pipe friction coefficient and the Reynolds number of the material of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the friction reduction rate and the Reynolds number of the material of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the tube friction coefficient and the Reynolds number of a metal plate provided with riblets.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the pipe friction reduction rate and the arithmetic average roughness of the material of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between well pressure and production volume in the present invention material and the comparative material.
- FIG. 1 shows a metal tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the metal tube 1 includes a plurality of convex portions 50 on the inner peripheral surface.
- Fig. 2 shows an enlarged part of the inner peripheral surface of the metal tube 1.
- the plurality of convex portions 50 in FIG. 2 have a plurality of different heights, extend in the axial direction, and are arranged in the circumferential direction. Note that the circumferential spacing between the plurality of convex portions need not be the same. That is, the plurality of convex portions 50 have a plurality of different circumferential intervals.
- FIG. 3 is an example in which the cross-sectional shape of the plurality of convex portions 50 in the transverse direction of the inner peripheral surface of the metal tube 1 is measured with a surface roughness measuring machine.
- the vertical axis in Fig. 3 shows the height of the convex part, and the horizontal axis shows the distance in the transverse direction.
- the height of the plurality of convex portions 50 and the distance (interval) between the adjacent convex portions are irregular, and the shape of the convex portion 50 is also irregular.
- the shape of the convex portion is not particularly limited.
- the plurality of convex portions in the transverse direction of the inner peripheral surface of the metal tube 1 may have a shape as shown in FIG.
- the arithmetic average roughness force is 6 to 70 m.
- the length of each convex portion 50 in the axial direction (hereinafter referred to as the convex portion length) is preferably 0.03 times or more the inner diameter of the metal tube 1.
- the details of the convex portion length will be described.
- the streak structure meandering and the generation of the hairpin vortex are repeated at a predetermined distance (hereinafter referred to as cycle distance). Therefore, if the length of the convex portion is equal to or longer than the cycle distance, the life of one streak structure and the life of the hairpin vortex (from generation to collapse) are suppressed, so that energy loss can be suppressed and fluid friction can be reduced.
- the dimensionless cycle distance X + is 1000.
- the convex length X is expressed by the following formula (8).
- Equation 6 D is the inner diameter (m) of the metal tube 1.
- the pipe friction coefficient is defined by the Blasius equation shown in Equation (9) for simplicity.
- a preferable convex portion length X is represented by the formula (11).
- the Reynolds number Re of the flow that is normally used is approximately 10 4 to 10 7.
- the convex portion length X is preferably 0.03 times or more the inner diameter D of the metal tube. in this case,
- the protrusion length X is especially effective for Reynolds number Re of 10 7 or more. More preferably, the protrusion length X
- the convex portion length X is not less than twice the inner diameter D and is not less than 10 5 .
- the most preferable convex length X is 16 of the inner diameter D. In this case, it is particularly effective for a Reynolds number Re of 10 4 or more.
- a reduction effect can be obtained to some extent.
- each convex part 50 does not have a mutually different height, and several convex parts 50 may have the same height.
- the effect of the present invention can be obtained with any metal tube provided with a plurality of convex portions having a plurality of different heights on the inner peripheral surface. Further, the height of each convex portion may change in the axial direction.
- the convex portion 50 does not have to extend parallel to the axial direction of the force extending in the axial direction.
- the convex portion 50 may extend spirally with respect to the axial direction. The effect of the present invention can be obtained effectively if the lengthwise inclination of the convex portion 50 with respect to the axial direction is within 30 °.
- the plurality of convex portions 50 having different heights may not be formed on the entire inner peripheral surface of the metal tube 1.
- the convex portion 50 is not formed in the portion corresponding to the joint portion of the inner peripheral surface, but even with such a metal tube 1 (welded tube).
- the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- the plurality of convex portions 50 having different heights are formed on a part of the inner peripheral surface of the metal tube 1, the effect of the present invention can be obtained to some extent.
- the chemical composition of the metal tube 1 is not particularly limited. Carbon steel or low alloy steel may be used.
- the material of the metal tube 1 is preferably a high alloy steel or heat-treated steel having high corrosion resistance and high erosion resistance. This is a force that can prevent the protrusion 50 from disappearing due to corrosion or the like.
- a raw pipe (metal pipe) to be cold drawn is prepared.
- the raw tube is manufactured by hot working, for example.
- Raw pipes may be manufactured by piercing and rolling, or by hot forging.
- the raw tube may be a seamless tube or a welded tube.
- Cold drawing is performed on the prepared raw tube.
- the scale adhering to the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the raw tube is removed by pickling.
- the tip portion 21 of the tube 2 is wrung as shown in FIG.
- the tip 21 of the raw tube 2 is inserted into a die 3 fixed to a draw bench (not shown). After the insertion, grasp the tip 21 from which the output force of the die 3 has come out with the chuck 30 of the draw bench and fix it.
- the plug 10 is fixed to the tip of the flange 6, and the plug 10 is inserted into the raw tube 2 with a force in the pulling direction.
- the cylindrical portion 11 of the plug 10 has a plurality of convex portions 51 having a plurality of different heights, extending in the axial direction, and arranged in the circumferential direction on the surface.
- the surface shape of the cylindrical portion 11 in the transverse direction is the same as in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the heights and intervals of the plurality of convex portions 51 (the distance between the adjacent convex portions 51) are irregular.
- the arithmetic average roughness in the transverse direction of the cylindrical part surface including the convex part 51 is preferably 1 to: L 00 m! /.
- the raw tube 2 fixed with the chuck 30 is pulled while passing through the die 3.
- the base tube 2 is pulled out while fixing the die 3 and the plug 10.
- the inner peripheral surface of the element tube 2 comes into contact with the surface of the cylindrical part 11, so that the convex parts 51 on the surface of the cylindrical part 11 are transferred, and a plurality of convex parts 50 having a plurality of different heights are transferred. It is formed along the axial direction on the inner peripheral surface.
- the metal pipe 1 is manufactured by the above process.
- the metal tube 1 can be easily manufactured by pulling out the raw tube 2 with the plug 10 having a plurality of convex portions 51 on the surface, the manufacturing process is not complicated.
- the convex portion 50 is formed on the metal tube 1 itself, which is different from the metal tube 1 such as a sheet, the durability of the convex portion 50 can be increased.
- plug 10 is cylindrical, but may be tapered.
- a metal plate processed by hot or cold is prepared.
- the main surface 42 of the prepared metal plate 4 is ground in the longitudinal direction with a belt sander or the like, and a plurality of convex portions 50 extending in the longitudinal direction and having different heights are formed on the main surface 42.
- the belt sandet's gunballs have a force of 2000 to 8 depending on the metal plate and the material of the barrel, etc.
- the arithmetic average roughness in the transverse direction of the main surface will be 1 to: Can be LOO m
- the arithmetic average roughness can be 6 to 70 / xm.
- the material of the cannonball is alumina, silicon carbide, zirconia, garnet or the like.
- the metal tube 1 having the main surface 42 of the metal plate 4 as the inner peripheral surface is manufactured.
- the metal plate 4 is formed into a cylindrical shape (open pipe) by a bending cage such as press molding. At this time, the metal plate is bent so that the main surface of the metal plate becomes the inner peripheral surface of the open pipe and the longitudinal direction of the metal plate 4 becomes the tube axis direction. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 11, the joint portion of the open pipe, that is, both end surfaces 41 in the longitudinal direction of the metal plate 4 are welded to manufacture the metal tube 1.
- both end surfaces 41 are welded by the electric resistance welding method using the power supply 60 and the welding roll 70. You may weld by another method. For example, welding may be performed using an induction coil, or welding may be performed by laser welding.
- the metal tube 1 can be easily manufactured. The manufacturing process is not complicated. Moreover, since the convex part 50 is formed in the welded pipe 1 itself instead of forming the convex part 50 with a material different from the metal pipe 1 such as a sheet, the durability of the convex part 50 can be enhanced.
- the grinding force may be ground by another grinding device such as a force for grinding the main surface 42 of the metal plate 4 with a belt sander.
- the grinder may be ground with a sander or may be cut with a cutting tool.
- the convex portion may be transferred by roll rolling.
- a plurality of convex molding surfaces having the same height and interval and having the same shape that is, a plurality of riblets
- a plurality of convex molding surfaces having a plurality of different heights adjust the effect of reducing fluid friction. I was ashamed.
- Test number 1 is a metal plate having a plurality of convex portions extending in the longitudinal direction and having different heights according to the present invention on the main surface, and the shape of the main surface in the transverse direction is shown in FIG. It was as follows. The arithmetic average roughness was 5.
- Test No. 2 is also a metal plate having different heights according to the present invention and having a plurality of protrusions extending in the longitudinal direction on the main surface, and the shape of the main surface in the transverse direction is as shown in FIG. there were. The arithmetic average roughness was 14.9 m. Arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) i Calculated based on IS B0601.
- Test Nos. 3 to 5 are comparative materials, each of which is a metal plate having a plurality of triangular riblets extending in the longitudinal direction on the surface, and the heights and intervals of the convex portions are as shown in Table 2, respectively. Atsuta o
- Test numbers 6 and 7 were also comparative materials, and were metal plates having an isotropic roughness equivalent to the inner surface of ordinary oil well pipes or line pipes on the main surface.
- Test No. 6 has an arithmetic average roughness in the longitudinal and width directions of the main surface of 5.8 m, which is equivalent to Test No. 1.
- Test No. 7 is the arithmetic average roughness in the longitudinal and width directions of the main surface.
- Each metal plate had a length of 4000 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm.
- the convex portions of test numbers 1 and 2 were formed by grinding the main surface of the metal plate with a belt sander along the longitudinal direction.
- the riblets of test numbers 3 to 5 were formed by rolling a metal plate with a rolling roll having a concave portion having the same shape as the riblet on the surface.
- Test Nos. 5 and 6 were formed by descaling the oxide scale of the main surface of the metal plate as hot-rolled with alumina shot.
- the test apparatus 100 includes a test duct 200 having a length of 4000 mm, a suction apparatus 201, and a flow rate measuring duct 203.
- the test duct 200 was connected to the flow measurement duct 203 via a valve V2, and the flow measurement duct 203 was connected to the suction device 201 via an orifice flow meter OR1.
- the suction device 201 includes two suction blowers (not shown) connected in parallel, the nominal suction pressure of each suction blower is -54 kPa, the suction amount is 15 m 3 Zmin, and the capacity is It was 17kW.
- a cross-sectional view of the test duct 200 is shown in FIG.
- an aluminum base plate 212 and an aluminum top plate 211 are fixed with a plurality of bolts 215 via side wall members 213 and 214, and a passage 210 having a rectangular cross section is formed inside.
- the aluminum base plate 212 and the aluminum top plate 211 and the side wall members 213 and 214 are sealed with an O-ring to prevent leakage of ambient air into the passage 210.
- Two metal plates 220 of each test number shown in Table 2 were attached to the ceiling and floor of passage 210, respectively. Specifically, the two metal plates 220 were pasted so that the main surfaces thereof face each other and the convex portions (or riblets) formed on the main surfaces are along the direction in which the fluid flows.
- Tap holes tl to t4 for measuring pressure of lmm diameter were formed at intervals of 500mm from the end of the running section toward valve VI. Pressure loss was measured by installing a differential pressure gauge DPI in the tapped holes tl and t3 and a differential pressure gauge DP2 in the tapped holes t2 and t4. Therefore, the pressure loss measurement section of each differential pressure gauge DPI and DP2 was 1000 mm. A pressure gauge P1 was installed at the tap tl and a pressure gauge P2 was installed at the tap t2, and the pressure in the passage 210 was measured. The flow rate was measured with an orifice flow meter OR1 installed at the end of the flow measurement duct 203.
- the test apparatus 100 further includes a pressure gauge P0, a hygrometer H0, a thermometer TO, and Tl. Using these measuring instruments, the pressure, humidity, and temperature of the fluid (air) during the test were measured, and the physical properties (density and viscosity) of the fluid were corrected.
- a metal plate of each test number was affixed to the test duct 200 of the test apparatus 100 described above, and the pressure loss of the test duct 200 was measured by changing the suction flow rate (suction flow velocity Vm), and the equation (12) as well as ( The pipe friction coefficient ⁇ and Reynolds number Re were obtained from 13).
- Pi (Pa) is a pressure (upstream pressure) measured by the pressure gauge PI or P2.
- ⁇ (Pa) is the pressure loss measured with the differential pressure gauge DPI or DP2.
- L (m) is the pressure loss measurement interval.
- V (m / s) is the average flow velocity.
- V (m / s) is at the position where P (Pa) is measured.
- D (m) is a hydraulic mean diameter, and was obtained by the following formula (14).
- W (m) is the width of the rectangular duct 210
- H (m) is the height of the rectangular duct 210.
- the tube friction coefficient of test number 6 is any Reynolds.
- FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the friction reduction rate Rf and the Reynolds number Re for test numbers 1 and 2.
- the friction reduction rate Rf is the material of the present invention (Test Nos. 1 and 2) .How much fluid is compared with the comparative material having the same arithmetic average roughness and isotropic surface roughness. It is an index that shows whether friction has been reduced.
- the friction reduction rate Rf (%) was obtained by the following equation (15).
- Friction reduction for test number 1 The rate Rf is ⁇ is the pipe friction coefficient of test number 1, and ⁇ is the pipe friction coefficient of test number 6.
- the friction reduction rate Rf of test number 2 is the same as the coefficient of tube friction of test number 2.
- test numbers 1 and 2 have also become smaller.
- the metal plates of test numbers 1 and 2 had the same arithmetic average roughness and were able to reduce fluid friction more than the metal plates having isotropic surface roughness.
- the tube friction coefficient ⁇ of the metal plates of test numbers 3 to 5 is a predetermined Reino.
- the pipe friction coefficient of a hydrodynamically smooth wall is lower than ⁇ hs
- the Reynolds number Re range which is different from the predetermined Reynolds range, was higher by hs than the pipe friction coefficient.
- the tube friction coefficient of test number 3 is 1.2 X 10 4 or less and 1.2
- Pipe friction coefficient ⁇ is smaller than 6 X 10 4 , Reynolds number Re range and larger than 5 X 10 5 ⁇
- test numbers 1 and 2 which are the present invention materials were able to reduce fluid friction in a Reynolds number Re range wider than the metal plates of test numbers 3 to 5 having riblets.
- fluid friction could be reduced as compared with metal plates (test numbers 6 and 7) having the same arithmetic average roughness and isotropic surface roughness.
- the main surface of a metal plate having the same dimensions as in Example 1 is ground with a belt sander along the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of convex portions having different heights and extending in the longitudinal direction are used as the main surface.
- Several metal plates were prepared. At this time, a plurality of metal plates having different arithmetic average roughnesses in the transverse direction of the main surface were produced by changing the number of abrasive grains of the belt sander.
- the arithmetic average roughness range of the produced metal plates was 0.8 to 120 m. Arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) ⁇ O IS B06 Calculated based on 01.
- two metal plates having the same arithmetic average roughness were prepared.
- these metal plates are referred to as the present invention material.
- two metal plates each having an isotropic roughness on the surface by isotropically grinding the main surface of the metal plate and having the same arithmetic average roughness as that of the present invention material are also provided. Prepared. Hereinafter, these metal plates are referred to as comparative materials.
- the material of the present invention and the comparative material having the same arithmetic average roughness were prepared.
- FIG. 17 shows the survey results.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 17 is the arithmetic average roughness of the material of the present invention, and the vertical axis is the friction reduction rate Rf.
- the curve of the friction reduction rate Rf becomes a downwardly convex curve with an average roughness Ra of about 10 m as the apex. If the average roughness Ra is 2.5 to 70 ⁇ m, the friction reduction rate Rf can be reduced to 10% or less, and if the average roughness Ra is set to 4 to 40 ⁇ m, the friction reduction rate Rf is ⁇ 20% or less. It was found that the friction reduction rate Rf can be reduced to 30% or less by setting the average roughness Ra to 6 to 18 ⁇ m.
- the curve of the friction reduction rate Rf is a downward convex curve with an average roughness Ra of 20 to 40 m as a vertex.
- the friction reduction rate Rf could be reduced to 10% or less if the average roughness Ra was 17 to 80 m.
- a conventional 13Cr steel pipe and a plurality of axially extending pipes having a plurality of different heights according to the present invention were calculated by simulation.
- Simulation number 1 has a plurality of different heights according to the present invention and extends in the axial direction.
- This is a metal tube with an inner peripheral surface in which convex parts are arranged in the circumferential direction, and the average roughness in the transverse direction of the inner peripheral surface is 5 m.
- Simulation No. 2 is a comparative material, which is a 13Cr steel pipe that is usually used as a gas well pipe, and is a metal pipe that corresponds to a heat-treated pipe. Specifically, a metal pipe having an inner peripheral surface with an isotropic surface roughness and an average roughness of is given.
- D is the inner diameter of the metal tube (m)
- g is the acceleration of gravity (mZs 2 )
- P is the pressure (Pa)
- R is the gas constant (Pa 'm 3 ZkgZK)
- T is the temperature (K)
- T is time (s)
- u is flow velocity (mZs)
- z is axial direction g
- V (m 3 Zkg) is a specific volume and is represented by the following formula 9 ).
- ⁇ w is the wall friction stress (NZm 2 ) and is expressed by the following equation (20).
- Equation 12 [0124] ⁇ is a pipe friction coefficient.
- the pipe friction coefficient of simulation number 2 the following equation (21) was used.
- simulation number 1 the empirical formula of the pipe friction coefficient ⁇ and the Reynolds number Re obtained by the same test as in Example 1 was used.
- ⁇ is an equivalent relative roughness and is represented by the following equation (22).
- Re is the Reynolds number and is represented by the following equation (23).
- ⁇ is the viscosity (Pa's).
- a (T) is a function of temperature, and is represented by the following equation (24).
- b is a constant and is represented by the following formula (25).
- FIG. 18 shows the simulation results. From Fig. 18, the gas production and well pressure were higher in simulation number 1 (Cip) than in simulation number 2 (Cpp). Therefore, the metal pipe of the present invention (simulation number 1) was able to improve the production volume and the well pressure higher than the conventional metal pipe (simulation number 2).
- the metal pipe according to the present invention can be widely used as a pipe for transporting fluids such as water, petroleum, air, and natural gas. It is particularly useful for metal pipes used for oil wells, natural gas wells, geothermal wells, and the like.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2007503750A JPWO2006088138A1 (ja) | 2005-02-17 | 2006-02-17 | 金属管及びその製造方法 |
EP06713980A EP1857722A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2006-02-17 | Metal pipe and method for manufacturing same |
BRPI0607951-2A BRPI0607951A2 (pt) | 2005-02-17 | 2006-02-17 | tubo metálico e método de fabricação do mesmo |
US11/884,551 US20090158799A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2006-02-17 | Metal Pipe and Manufacturing Method Thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2005-040026 | 2005-02-17 | ||
JP2005040026 | 2005-02-17 |
Publications (1)
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WO2006088138A1 true WO2006088138A1 (ja) | 2006-08-24 |
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PCT/JP2006/302839 WO2006088138A1 (ja) | 2005-02-17 | 2006-02-17 | 金属管及びその製造方法 |
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US (1) | US20090158799A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1857722A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2006088138A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0607951A2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006088138A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2012141320A1 (ja) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | 日本電気株式会社 | 冷却装置の配管構造、その製造方法、及び配管接続方法 |
WO2020165082A1 (de) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-20 | Walter Henrich GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum axialen umformen eines rohres |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102010007570A1 (de) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH, 47807 | Produkt für strömungstechnische Anwendungen, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Verwendung eines solchen Produkts |
GB201012737D0 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2010-09-15 | Airbus Operations Ltd | Improvements to aircraft refuel system piping |
DE102011109071A1 (de) * | 2011-07-30 | 2013-01-31 | Sms Meer Gmbh | Rohrschmiedeverfahren mit urgeformten Hohlblock |
US20150219405A1 (en) * | 2014-02-05 | 2015-08-06 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Cladded brazed alloy tube for system components |
EP3293476B1 (de) * | 2016-09-08 | 2019-10-09 | Jansen AG | Rohr und verfahren zum transport von fluiden |
GB201806020D0 (en) | 2018-02-23 | 2018-05-30 | Rolls Royce | Conduit |
CN113719501B (zh) * | 2020-05-25 | 2024-06-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 气体流量调控管、气体流量稳定控制阀、系统及安装方法 |
JP2024521983A (ja) * | 2021-04-07 | 2024-06-05 | パラロイ・リミテッド | 軸方向改質管 |
GB202104924D0 (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-05-19 | Paralloy Ltd | Axial reformer tube |
EP4155001B1 (de) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-09-06 | FELSS Systems GmbH | Vorrichtungen und verfahren zum umformen eines rohrartigen hohlkörpers |
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- 2006-02-17 BR BRPI0607951-2A patent/BRPI0607951A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-02-17 EP EP06713980A patent/EP1857722A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-17 WO PCT/JP2006/302839 patent/WO2006088138A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-02-17 US US11/884,551 patent/US20090158799A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-17 JP JP2007503750A patent/JPWO2006088138A1/ja active Pending
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012141320A1 (ja) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | 日本電気株式会社 | 冷却装置の配管構造、その製造方法、及び配管接続方法 |
JPWO2012141320A1 (ja) * | 2011-04-13 | 2014-07-28 | 日本電気株式会社 | 冷却装置の配管構造、その製造方法、及び配管接続方法 |
WO2020165082A1 (de) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-20 | Walter Henrich GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum axialen umformen eines rohres |
CN113396023A (zh) * | 2019-02-15 | 2021-09-14 | 沃尔特·亨里希有限公司 | 用于管的轴向成型的方法和装置 |
US20220134401A1 (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2022-05-05 | Walter Henrich GmbH | Method and apparatus for axially shaping a tube |
CN113396023B (zh) * | 2019-02-15 | 2024-04-26 | 沃尔特·亨里希有限公司 | 用于管的轴向成型的方法和装置 |
US12070783B2 (en) | 2019-02-15 | 2024-08-27 | Walter Henrich GmbH | Method and apparatus for axially shaping a tube |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20090158799A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
BRPI0607951A2 (pt) | 2009-10-27 |
EP1857722A1 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
JPWO2006088138A1 (ja) | 2008-07-03 |
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