WO2003083019A1 - Hydrate de gaz et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents
Hydrate de gaz et son procédé de fabrication Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003083019A1 WO2003083019A1 PCT/JP2003/003827 JP0303827W WO03083019A1 WO 2003083019 A1 WO2003083019 A1 WO 2003083019A1 JP 0303827 W JP0303827 W JP 0303827W WO 03083019 A1 WO03083019 A1 WO 03083019A1
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- gas hydrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas hydrate which is an clathrate hydrate of water and a gas hydrate forming substance such as natural gas, methane gas, carbon dioxide gas and the like, and a method for producing the gas hydrate.
- a gas hydrate which is an clathrate hydrate of water and a gas hydrate forming substance such as natural gas, methane gas, carbon dioxide gas and the like, and a method for producing the gas hydrate.
- Gas hydrate is an icy solid substance composed of water molecules and gas hydrate-forming substance molecules. Inclusion hydration of a structure that incorporates gas hydrate-forming substance molecules inside a cage-like structure formed by water molecules Things. This gas hydrate is formed by reacting water and a gas hydrate-forming substance at a predetermined pressure and temperature, and by changing the pressure and / or temperature, water and the gas hydrate-forming substance are converted into water and a gas hydrate-forming substance. Dissociate. In addition, gas hydrate has properties such as high gas storability, high pressure due to large heat of formation and dissociation and small temperature changes, and furthermore, properties such as selectivity of hydrated molecules. Research is being conducted to use it in a variety of applications, such as storage and storage means, heat storage systems, factories, and gas separation and recovery.
- the equilibrium temperature condition of natural gas hydrate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “NGH”) under atmospheric pressure is approximately ⁇ 80 ° C.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- the transfer of liquefied natural gas (LNG) under atmospheric pressure is transferred at a temperature much lower than the storage temperature (-163 ° C) ⁇
- the NGH is transported and stored in the form of slurry, powder, pellets, consolidation blocks, etc. after gas hydrate production.
- the temperature at which the gas hydrate is transferred, stored, etc. is set to a temperature close to room temperature of 0 ° C or less as much as possible, taking into account the above-mentioned advantages over liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the economics such as equipment and operation costs. It is desirable to do. However, there is a problem that the higher the temperature, the more the gas hydrate is decomposed. For example, atmospheric pressure,-20. When NGH is stored under the condition C, about 80% or more of the conventional NGH is decomposed in two weeks. When the decomposition amount of gas hydrate increases, the amount of stored gas per unit weight of transferred and stored gas hydrate decreases, leading to a decrease in transfer and storage efficiency. In order to maintain the efficiency of transfer and storage, it is necessary to equip the transfer equipment and storage equipment with a device to recover cracked gas, a tank, a device to rehydrate, etc. This is a factor that increases operating costs.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- Japanese Patent No. 317361 discloses that the use of a water stabilizer can increase the storage and transport capacity of the gas hydrate. Suggestive suggestions have been made. However, Japanese Patent No. 3173636 does not specifically disclose what kind of substance "water stabilizer" is, and it is merely a matter of idea. It was a surprise. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION ''
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for improving the preservability of a gas hydrate and suppressing the decomposition of the gas hydrate during transportation, storage, and the like.
- a gas hydrate according to a first aspect of the present invention is to produce a gas hydrate by reacting raw water and a gas hydrate forming substance under gas hydrate generation conditions. The method is characterized in that the gas hydrate is generated in the presence of a substance having an action of suppressing the decomposition of the gas hydrate.
- the gas hydrate produced by this method is excellent in transfer and storage efficiency, and for example, it is possible to omit or simplify equipment for rehydrating cracked gas.
- the method for producing a gas hydrate according to the second aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a gas hydrate by reacting raw water and a gas hydrate-forming substance under a gas hydrate generation condition. It is characterized in that a substance having a gas hydrate decomposition inhibitory action and / or a substance that produces the substance in water is added to water. According to this feature, the same function and effect as those of the first aspect can be obtained.
- the method for producing a gas hydrate according to a third aspect of the present invention is the method according to the first or second aspect, wherein the substance having a gas hydrate decomposition inhibitory action is obtained by dissolving an electrolyte in a solution. Characterized in that the ions are According to this feature, the same function and effect as those of the first or second aspect can be obtained.
- the method for producing a gas hydrate according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the method according to the third aspect, wherein the ions are lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium. (Cs), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), norm (Ba), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (1) , Carbon (C), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), oxygen (0), boron (B), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) ⁇ zinc (Zn) , Cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), It is characterized in that it contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of baltic (Co) and nickel (Ni) as constituent elements
- the method for producing a gas hydrate according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the method according to the first or second aspect, wherein the substance having a gas hydrate decomposition inhibitory action is characterized in that chloride ion (C 1-) , Fluorine ion (F-), bromine ion (Br-), iodine ion (1-), sodium ion (Na +), potassium ion (K + ), lithium ion (Li +), calcium ion (Ca) 2 + ), magnesium ion (Mg 2 + ), carbonate ion (C 0 3 2 _), phosphate ion (P 0 4 3 _) and ammonium ion (NH 4 + ) 1 It is a kind or two or more kinds of ions. According to this feature, a gas hydrate with excellent self-preservation properties and a small amount of decomposition can be produced by using one or more ions selected from the above range as a substance having a gas hydrate decom
- the substance having a gas hydrate decomposition inhibiting action comprises zinc, iron and manganese. It is one or more metals selected from the group, or an ion of the metal. According to this feature, by using one or more ions or metals selected from the above range as a substance having a gas hydrate decomposition inhibiting action, a gas hydride having excellent self-preservation properties and a small amount of decomposition is obtained. Drate can be manufactured.
- a gas hydrate according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the electrolyte contains ions dissociated in a solution.
- the gas hydrate since the electrolyte contains the dissociated ions in the solution, the gas hydrate is excellent in self-preservation, and has a small amount of decomposition during transportation or storage.
- the term "contains" includes the state of being contained in the crystal and the state of being present around the gas hydrate in a state inseparable from the gas hydrate particles.
- the gas hydrate according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is the gas hydrate according to the seventh aspect, wherein the ion is lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), or cesium (Cs). , Beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), norium (Ba), fluorine (F), chlorine (C1), bromine (Br), iodine (1) , Carbon (C), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), oxygen (0), boron (B), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) , Cadmium (Cd), aluminum (81), silicon (3; 0, tin (Sn), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co) and It comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni) as constituent elements. , The same effect as the seventh
- the gas hydrate according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention includes chloride ion (C1-), fluorine ion (F-), bromine ion (Br-), iodine ion (1-), sodium ion (Na +), and potassium ion.
- K + lithium ion (Li +), calcium ion (C a 2 +), magnesium ions (Mg 2+), carbonate ions (_ C 0 3 2), phosphate (P 0 4 3 -) and ammonium It is characterized by containing one or more ions selected from the group consisting of pumion (NH 4 +).
- the gas hydrate containing one or more ions selected from the above-mentioned range has excellent self-preservation properties and has a small amount of decomposition during transportation or storage.
- “containing” includes the state of being contained in the crystal and the state of being present around the gas hydrate in an inseparable state from the gas hydrate particles.
- a gas hydrate according to a tenth aspect of the present invention is characterized by containing one or more metals selected from the group consisting of zinc, iron and manganese, or ions of the metals.
- the self-preservation property is improved. It is an excellent gas hydrate with a small amount of decomposition during transport and storage.
- “containing” includes a state of being contained in the crystal and a state of being inseparable from the gas hydrate particles and present around the gas hydrate.
- a gas hydrate decomposition inhibitor according to an eleventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the electrolyte contains ions dissociated in a solution. By using the gas hydrate decomposition inhibitor, the storage stability of the gas hydrate can be improved and the decomposition can be suppressed.
- the gas hydrate decomposition inhibitor according to a twelfth aspect of the present invention is the gas hydrate decomposition inhibitor according to the eleventh aspect, wherein the ion is lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine ( 1), carbon (C), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N :), oxygen (0), boron (B), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (81), silicon (3i), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt ( It contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Co) and nickel (Ni)
- the gas hydrate decomposition inhibitor according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention includes chloride ion (C 1_) ⁇ fluoride ion (F—), bromine ion (Br—), iodine ion (1—), sodium ion (Na + ), Potassium ion (K +), lithium ion (Li +), calcium ion (Ca 2+ ), magnesium ion (Mg 2+ ), and ammonium ion (NH 4 +) It is characterized by containing ions.
- the gas hydrate decomposition inhibitor according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention includes one or more metals selected from the group consisting of zinc, iron and manganese, or a metal hydrate. It is characterized by containing ions.
- the gas hydrate decomposition inhibitor according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention dissociates in water to form chlorine ion (C 1 ⁇ ), fluorine ion (F ⁇ ), bromide ion (Br ⁇ ), iodine.
- Ion (1—) sodium ion (Na +), potassium ion (K +), lithium ion (Li +), calcium ion (Ca2 + ), magnesium ion (Mg2 + ), and ammonium ion. It contains a substance that generates one or more ions selected from the group consisting of pumion (NH 4 +).
- the gas hydrate decomposition inhibitor according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention produces, in water, one or more metals selected from the group consisting of zinc, iron, and manganese, or an ion of the metal. Characterized by the fact that it contains
- the storage stability of the gas hydrate can be improved and the decomposition can be suppressed.
- a seventeenth aspect of the present invention is characterized by the use of an electrolyte or ions obtained by dissolving the electrolyte in a solution for producing a stable gas hydrate.
- a stable gas hydrate having a property that is difficult to decompose can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the time course of the decomposition rate of the methane hydrate of Example 1 and the comparative methane hydrate.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the time course of the decomposition rates of the methane hydrate of Example 2 and the comparative methane hydrate.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the time course of the decomposition rate of methane hydrate of Example 3 and comparative methane and hydrate.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the time course of the decomposition rates of the methane hydrate of Example 4 and the comparative methane hydrate.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the time course of the decomposition rates of the methane hydrate of Example 5 and the comparative methane hydrate.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change over time of the decomposition rate of the methane hydrate of Example 6 and the comparative methane hydrate.
- Figure 7 shows the methane of Example 7.
- Fig. 3 is a graph showing the time course of the decomposition rate of hydrate and comparative methane hydrate.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the time course of the decomposition rate of methane hydrate of the reference example.
- Figure 9 is a principle diagram for explaining the mechanism of the self-preservation effect of natural gas hydrate.
- the method for producing a gas hydrate of the present invention comprises the steps of: mixing a raw water and a gas hydrate-forming substance in the presence of a substance having a gas hydrate decomposition suppressing action (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “decomposition suppressing substance”); It is carried out by reacting.
- pure water or purified water that does not contain contaminants that affect gas hydrate generation is used as raw water for generating gas hydrate.
- a decomposition inhibitor can be added to such pure water or purified water.
- the raw water contains an appropriate amount of a decomposition inhibitor, it can be used as it is.
- the type of gas hydrate in the present invention is not particularly limited. That is, the type of gas hydrate forming substance is not particularly limited as long as it forms a gas hydrate under predetermined pressure and temperature conditions.
- methane natural gas (methane as a main component, ethane, propane , Butane, etc.), carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide), and other substances (gases) that are gases at normal temperature and pressure.
- Conditions such as temperature and pressure for generating gas hydrate vary depending on the substance, but are known conditions. For example, in the case of methane hydrate, it can be produced under the conditions described in the examples below.
- the reaction between water and the gas hydrate-forming substance is, for example, when the gas hydrate-forming substance is a gas, the gas hydrate is formed at the gas-liquid interface while the water and the gas are in contact with each other. This is done by forming a sheet.
- the decomposition inhibiting substance is not particularly limited as long as it can improve the self-preserving effect of the gas hydrate, but the following substances are preferred.
- Ions generated by dissociation of the electrolyte in the solution can be suitably used as a decomposition inhibitor.
- the ion include an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, a halogen element, a nonmetallic element, and a metal element (excluding the alkali metal element and the alkaline earth metal element).
- the “electrolyte” is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned element as a constituent element, but an electrolyte which does not decompose in raw water to generate gaseous substances as described later is preferable. .
- Examples of the metal element include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), and cesium (Cs).
- Examples of the alkaline earth metal element include beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and lithium (Ba).
- Examples of the halogen element include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I).
- Examples of the nonmetallic element include carbon (C), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), oxygen (0), boron (B), and phosphorus (P).
- metal element examples include manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), and silicon (Si) (tin ( Sn), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and the like.
- ions that are preferable as the decomposition inhibiting substance include the following a.
- a metal and a metal ion which are preferable as the decomposition inhibiting substance include the following metals or ions b.
- Metals such as zinc, iron and manganese, or ions of the metals.
- decomposition inhibiting substances can be used alone, but can be used in combination of two or more kinds.When it is preferable to use a combination of a plurality of decomposition inhibiting substances, as shown in Examples described later. There is also.
- the amount of the decomposition inhibiting substance (the amount present and the amount added) is as follows: The ion where the electrolyte has dissociated in the solution. In the case of the ion of the above a, it is 0.1 ppm or more and 1000 Oppm (1% by weight) or less in the raw water. It is preferable that the amount is contained in an amount of 1 ppm or more and 1000 ppm or less. In addition, in the case of the metal of b or ions of the metal, it is preferable that the content of the metal in the raw water is 0.01 ppm or more and 100 Oppm (0.1% by weight) or less, and 0.01 ppm or more. 100 ppm or less is desirable.
- the ions When the electrolyte is added to the raw water, the ions may be contained in the raw water to the same extent as described above. As described later, when the substances c and d are used as the decomposition inhibitor, the substances a and b may be contained in the raw water in the same amount as described above.
- the decomposition inhibiting substances substances known as gas hydrate production inhibiting substances (for example, Na +, C1-, etc.) are included.
- gas hydrate production inhibiting substances for example, Na +, C1-, etc.
- the decomposition-suppressing effect of the decomposition-suppressing substance acts at a much lower concentration level, so that production inhibition does not occur or even if it occurs, it can be suppressed to a slight effect.
- the concentration causes generation inhibition, if priority is given to improving self-preservation, it may be present outside the above range.
- the self-preserving effect of the gas hydrate of the present invention obtained as described above is enhanced by the decomposition suppressing substance, and the efficiency of transfer and storage under the conditions of gas hydrate decomposition can be improved.
- the pressure and temperature during transport and storage should be around atmospheric pressure and the temperature should be between 120 ° C and 0 ° C, if energy consumption and equipment load are reduced, but in the presence of decomposition inhibiting substances.
- the produced gas hydrate can be transported and stored under milder conditions, for example, at a temperature of about 15 ° C under atmospheric pressure. More specifically, for example, in the case of NGH, the following effects (1) to (5) are obtained.
- the self-preservation effect of NGH can be sufficiently obtained even in the normal NGH decomposition region (for example, under conditions of atmospheric pressure and about 15 ° C), and transport and storage can be performed with a small amount of gas decomposition. Therefore, the amount of transferred natural gas and the amount of stored natural gas can be increased, and high transfer and storage efficiency can be secured.
- the thickness of the heat insulator (the amount of heat insulator) can be reduced. Therefore, in a container having the same volume, the outer dimensions can be reduced, and the volumetric efficiency increases.
- the decomposition inhibiting substance (an ion dissociated in a solution of an electrolyte, an ion of a, a metal or ion of b) can be used as a gas hydrate decomposition inhibitor.
- a substance that generates a decomposition inhibitory substance in water can be used as a gas hydrate decomposition inhibitor.
- “substances that generate decomposition inhibiting substances in water” For example, c: a substance which dissociates in water to produce the above-mentioned ion a, d: a substance which produces the above-mentioned metal b or an ion of the metal in water, and the like.
- Examples of the “substance that dissociates in water to generate the ion of a” in the above c include, for example, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium fusidani, calcium sulphide, ammonia and the like. Further, as "a substance that produces a metal or the metal ions of the b-water", for example, Shioi ⁇ (F e C 1 2), zinc chloride (Z n C 1 2), manganese chloride (Mn C 1 2) and the like. These decomposition inhibitors are preferably added to the raw material water of the gas hydrate so as to have the above-mentioned amount. By using a decomposition inhibitor, the self-preservation of gas hydrate can be improved.
- gas hydrate has a self-preserving effect (self-preservation effect) at a temperature equal to or higher than the equilibrium temperature, in which decomposition is suppressed.
- This self-preservation effect has not yet been elucidated, but it is explained as follows (Hiroshi Kanekoko, Journal of the Shipbuilding Society of Japan No. 842, p38-48).
- FIG. 9 is a drawing schematically showing a cross section of gas hydrate particles.
- the gas hydrate 50 (Fig. 9 (a)) generated at low temperature and high pressure is subjected to decomposition conditions such as atmospheric pressure, the decomposition starts partially from the surface, the gas hydrate forming substance is gasified, and the water film is formed. 51 covers the gas hydrate surface [Fig. (B)].
- the water film 51 on the gas hydrate surface becomes an ice film 52 and covers the gas hydrate surface [Fig. (C)].
- this ice grows beyond a certain thickness, heat exchange between the internal gas hydrate and the outside is cut off, and the internal gas hydrate stabilizes even under decomposition conditions such as atmospheric pressure.
- the ice film 52 since the ice film 52 has a mechanical strength enough to withstand the pressure of the gas hydrate to be decomposed (gasified), the gas hydrate is stabilized, and further decomposition is performed. It is believed that a suppressed self-preserving effect occurs.
- the present invention has been made based on the finding that by generating gas hydrate in the presence of a decomposition inhibitor, the self-preservation effect is improved and the stability of gas hydrate is increased. Although some decomposition inhibitors have been pointed out to have the effect of inhibiting the formation of gas hydrate, it is quite unexpected that they have the property of improving the self-preservation effect. The result. Although the mechanism by which the decomposition inhibitor enhances self-preservation has not yet been elucidated, a rational explanation can be made by considering the following.
- Decomposition inhibiting substances other than the above ions do not directly enter the cage structure of the gas hydrate or lattice points in the ice crystal, but exist as impurities in the crystal hydrate crystal grain boundary ⁇ ice crystal grain boundary. It is presumed that it will be. It is presumed that impurities present in these crystals also have the effect of inhibiting the crystal movement and increasing the mechanical strength of ice and gas hydrate.
- the above-mentioned decomposition suppressing substance is used around the gas hydrate.
- the ice that adheres to the surroundings, increasing the strength of the surrounding ice.
- the gas hydrate is placed under mild decomposition conditions, the ice around the gas hydrate will also melt once, but when the ice film [Fig. 9 (c)] covering the gas hydrate particles is formed, decomposition will be suppressed.
- Substances are also incorporated into the ice film. It is considered that the presence of the decomposition inhibiting substance enhances the mechanical strength of the ice film, increases the pressure resistance against the internal decomposition gas, and has the effect of improving the self-preservation effect.
- the decomposition inhibitor is not limited to the above-described decomposition inhibitor, but may be any substance having a property of increasing the mechanical strength of ice, and in particular, a substance capable of replacing a crystal lattice with water molecules.
- an explanation based on the ionic effect as described below is also possible. That is, in the electrolyte as the decomposition suppressing substance, positive ions and negative ions have the same charge amount. Since the positive and negative ions have the property of attracting each other, the electric properties of the gas hydrate are changed by the presence of these trace ions in or between the crystal structures of the gas hydrate.
- the temperature of the container is set to -20 ° C (0 ° C or less). After freezing the excess water inside, the pressure in the container is reduced to atmospheric pressure, and the generated methane hydrate is discharged. It was taken out into the atmosphere at an ambient temperature of 20 ° C.
- the gas hydrate sample was placed in a container with a small hole through which the decomposition gas escaped, the sample weight was measured, and the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate was determined from the weight change by the following measurement method.
- Drate rate methane hydrate weight
- the initial hydrate conversion rate of the methane hydrate of this example was 90%.
- the amount of chlorine ion as a decomposition inhibitor is 10 Oppm, Was 57 ppm.
- Figure 1 shows the measurement results of the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate (particle diameter lmm) of this example.
- FIG. 2 shows the measurement results of the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate (particle diameter lmm) of this example.
- Methane hydrate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this solution was used, and the decomposition rate was measured.
- the amount of chlorine ion as a decomposition inhibitor was 10 Oppm, and the amount of magnesium ion was 34 ppm.
- Fig. 3 shows the measurement results of the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate (particle diameter 1 mm) of this example.
- Methane hydrate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this solution was used, and the decomposition rate was measured.
- FIG. 4 shows the measurement results of the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate (particle diameter 4 mm) of this example.
- Example 7 shows the measurement results of the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate (particle diameter 0.5 mm) of the present example.
- the amount of ammonium Niu-ion NH 4 + as the decomposition inhibitor is 120 ppm, the amount of sulfuric acid I on S 0 4 2 one was 320 ppm.
- FIG. 7 shows the measurement results of the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate (particle diameter lmm) of this example.
- the amount of carbonate ion CO 3 2 _ as a decomposition inhibitor was 90 ppm, and the amount of magnesium ion Mg 2+ was 35 ppm.
- the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate (particle diameter 1 mm) of this example it was confirmed that the decomposition was suppressed as compared with the case where no gas hydrate was added.
- the amount of phosphate ion P 0 4 3 — as a decomposition inhibitor was 200 ppm, and the amount of potassium ion K + was 80 ppm.
- As a result of measuring the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate of this example it was confirmed that decomposition was suppressed as compared with the case where no gas hydrate was added.
- Example 11 0.140 g of lithium chloride (LiCl; molecular weight: 41) as an electrolyte was dissolved in 200 g of distilled water (raw water) to obtain a lithium salt solution. Methane hydrate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this solution was used, and the decomposition rate was measured. The amount of lithium ion L i + as a decomposition inhibitor was 100 ppm, and the amount of chloride ion C1— was 580 ppm. As a result of measuring the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate of this example, it was confirmed that decomposition was suppressed as compared with the case where no gas hydrate was added.
- Example 11 As a result of measuring the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate of this example, it was confirmed that decomposition was suppressed as compared with the case where no gas hydrate was added.
- the amount of iodine ion I- as a decomposition inhibitor was 100 ppm, and the amount of sodium ion Na + was 200 ppm.
- the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate of this example it was confirmed that decomposition was suppressed as compared with the case where no gas hydrate was added.
- Sodium hypochlorite (NaCIO) was dissolved in 200 g of distilled water (raw water) to obtain a solution having a C10 concentration of 1 ppm. Residual chlorine concentration was measured by the ortho-tolidine method. Methane hydrate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this solution was used, and the decomposition rate was measured.
- Fig. 8 shows the measurement results of the decomposition rate of the gas hydrate (particle diameter lmm) of this comparative example. From Fig. 8, when sodium hypochlorite was added, the effect of suppressing the decomposition of the gas hydrate was not obtained. It was confirmed that the decomposition rate was higher than in the case of addition and the storage stability was reduced.
- hypochlorite dissociates in an aqueous solution to produce hypochlorite ion (C10-), which is unstable and easily decomposed, and ultimately molecular oxygen Is generated. That is, sodium hypochlorite is gradually decomposed according to the following reaction formula.
- the oxygen gas generated in these reactions continues to evolve during the gas hydrate formation process, which may have an undesired effect on the physical properties of the gas hydrate.
- the process of forming gas hydrate The gaseous oxygen volatilizes in the gas hydrate, forming micropores in the gas hydrate.As a result, the surface area of the gas hydrate increases, and the gas hydrate is decomposed to change in temperature and pressure. It is supposed to be. From this, it is considered that an electrolyte (non-gas generating electrolyte) having a property of not generating gaseous substances such as oxygen molecules in an aqueous solution is preferable as the electrolyte used in the present invention.
- an electrolyte such as sodium hypochlorite that may generate gaseous substances
- the hydrate is formed in a state where gas generation is unlikely to occur by adjusting conditions such as pH. Is preferred.
- Stable gas hydrates with reduced decomposition due to changes in temperature and pressure are useful in applications such as means for transporting and storing natural gas, heat storage systems, factories, and gas separation and recovery.
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Citations (8)
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JPH11130700A (ja) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-05-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | メタンハイドレートの製造方法及び製造装置 |
JP2000063296A (ja) * | 1998-08-14 | 2000-02-29 | Chiyoda Corp | ガス水和物の生成方法及びガス水和物生成促進剤 |
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JP2009263671A (ja) | 2009-11-12 |
JP2009228008A (ja) | 2009-10-08 |
JP2009215562A (ja) | 2009-09-24 |
AU2003227266A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 |
JP2009235413A (ja) | 2009-10-15 |
JP5612272B2 (ja) | 2014-10-22 |
AU2003227266B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
JP2009256678A (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
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