WO2003081707A1 - Union d'electrode/membrane d'electrolyte pour pile a combustible et son procede d'obtention - Google Patents
Union d'electrode/membrane d'electrolyte pour pile a combustible et son procede d'obtention Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003081707A1 WO2003081707A1 PCT/JP2003/003479 JP0303479W WO03081707A1 WO 2003081707 A1 WO2003081707 A1 WO 2003081707A1 JP 0303479 W JP0303479 W JP 0303479W WO 03081707 A1 WO03081707 A1 WO 03081707A1
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
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- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
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- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8817—Treatment of supports before application of the catalytic active composition
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- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
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- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
- H01M8/1048—Ion-conducting additives, e.g. ion-conducting particles, heteropolyacids, metal phosphate or polybenzimidazole with phosphoric acid
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. insitu polymerisation or insitu crosslinking
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0239—Organic resins; Organic polymers
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- Electrolyte membrane one-electrode assembly for fuel cell and method for producing the same
- the present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, particularly to an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly thereof, and a method for producing the same.
- Fig. 12A shows an example of an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly (hereinafter referred to as MEA) that constitutes the power generation element of this fuel cell.
- MEA electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly
- a cathode-side catalyst layer 94 and a cathode-side catalyst layer 96 are disposed in close contact with each other.
- These catalyst layers 94 and 96 are made of a carbon powder carrying a platinum group metal catalyst and a proton conductive polymer electrolyte.
- an anode-side gas diffusion layer 93 and a gas-side gas diffusion layer 95 having gas permeability and electron conductivity are arranged in close contact with each other.
- a conductive material having normal permeability and water-repellent material such as a carbon paper or carbon cloth is used.
- This MEA is composed of a separator plate having a gas flow path for supplying fuel gas to the anode and a separator plate having a gas flow path for supplying oxidizing gas to the power source.
- a separator plate having a gas flow path for supplying fuel gas to the anode
- a separator plate having a gas flow path for supplying oxidizing gas to the power source.
- the area around the gas diffusion layer A gas seal material and a gasket are arranged in the enclosure with the polymer electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween. .
- Hydrogen gas that has reached the anode-side catalyst layer through the anode gas diffusion layer generates protons and electrons on the catalyst by the reaction of the following formula (1).
- Protons move through the polymer electrolyte membrane toward the force sword.
- water reacts with oxygen and protons transferred from the anode as shown in equation (2) to produce water.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane and the polymer electrolyte have a main chain of one CF 2 — and a sulfonic acid group (1 S ⁇ 3 H) is a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid having a side chain introduced at its terminal, for example, Nafion (manufactured by DuPont), F 1 emion (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), and Acip 1 ex (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) ) are commonly used.
- Nafion manufactured by DuPont
- F 1 emion manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
- Acip 1 ex manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation
- a conductive path formed in a three-dimensional network formed by aggregation of sulfonic acids functions as a proton-conductive channel.
- the performance of the fuel cell is evaluated by the potential difference (cell voltage) between the anode-side gas diffusion layer 93 and the force-sword-side gas diffusion layer 95 when operated at the same current density. Since each component of the MEA is connected in series in a layered manner, the polymer electrolyte membrane 91 having the highest internal resistance greatly affects the cell voltage, that is, the performance of the battery. Therefore, in order to reduce the internal resistance of the MEA, that is, to increase the proton conductivity, a polymer electrolyte membrane having a smaller film thickness is required. There are two typical methods for manufacturing conventional MEAs.
- the first manufacturing method is a method in which a catalyst layer is first formed on the surface of a polymer electrolyte membrane, and a gas diffusion layer is bonded to this.
- This catalyst layer is prepared by applying a catalyst paste containing a carbon powder on which a metal catalyst is supported and a polymer electrolyte in advance on a support made of a film of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. It is formed by drying.
- the catalyst layer formed on the support is transferred to both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane by a hot press or a hot jar.
- the support is peeled off from the catalyst layer to form a polymer electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer.
- a catalyst paste is applied on a polymer electrolyte membrane by printing or spraying and dried to form a catalyst layer.
- a gas diffusion layer made of carbon paper, carbon cloth, or the like is thermocompressed by a hot press or a hot roll.
- a gas diffusion layer in which a catalyst layer has been formed in advance is superposed on both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane with the catalyst layer inside, and thermocompression-bonded by a hot press or a hot roll.
- the catalyst layer is formed by, for example, applying a catalyst paste on the gas diffusion layer by a printing method, a spray method, or the like, and drying it.
- the gas diffusion layer is made from fibrous forceps, it is difficult to completely smooth the surface, and usually there are many small protrusions. Therefore, when performing thermocompression bonding by a hot press or a hot roll, or when assembling a cell, as shown in FIG. 12B, the protrusions 99 on the gas diffusion layers 93 and 95 form the catalyst layer 94 and 96 and the polymer electrolyte membrane 91 are compressed and pierced, and the phenomenon that the anode and the cathode come into contact with each other easily occurs. Solving this problem is an extremely important issue for providing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that does not cause an internal short circuit. You.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and to provide an MEA having a positively isolated anode and a power source, a low internal resistance, and a large effective reaction surface area.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily producing such MEAs. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides a polymer electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, wherein the electrode comprises a catalyst layer in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane and a gas diffusion layer in contact with the catalyst layer.
- an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell which comprises electronically insulating particles for isolating a gas diffusion layer of both electrodes in a region between the electrodes of the membrane.
- the electronically insulating particles are made of an electrically insulating material.
- the electronically insulating particles are composed of a polymer electrolyte having a higher elastic modulus than the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the gas diffusion layer of at least one of the electrodes has an electronic insulating layer that covers the protrusion existing on the surface facing the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly according to the present invention after thermocompression bonding.
- FIG. 1B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly according to the present invention after thermocompression bonding.
- FIG. 2A is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly before thermocompression bonding according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly according to the present invention after thermocompression bonding.
- FIG. 3A is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of another electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly according to the present invention before thermocompression bonding.
- FIG. 3B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of another electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly according to the present invention after thermocompression bonding.
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly according to the first manufacturing method of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly according to the second manufacturing method of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly according to the third manufacturing method of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly according to the fourth manufacturing method of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a unit cell of the fuel cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a gas diffusion layer in which an electronic insulating layer is formed on a protrusion on the surface.
- FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a gas diffusion layer in which an electronic insulating layer is formed on a projection on the surface.
- FIG. 12A is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a conventional electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly after thermocompression bonding.
- Figure 12B is an enlarged view of the main part of a conventional electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly after thermocompression bonding. It is sectional drawing.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing operating characteristics of the unit cells of the example of the present invention and the comparative example.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly of the present invention includes electronically insulating particles, which are harder or have a higher elastic modulus than the polymer electrolyte, in a region between the two electrodes of the polymer electrolyte membrane. .
- the electronic insulating means that it has substantially no electronic conductivity.
- an electrically insulating material is preferable as the electronic insulating material.
- Another material is a polymer electrolyte having proton conductivity.
- the particles separate the anode and the gas diffusion layer of the force source from each other. Act as This prevents the projection on the surface of the gas diffusion layer from penetrating the polymer electrolyte membrane and coming into contact with the partner electrode. As a result, it is possible to provide MEA having no internal short circuit and low internal resistance.
- the above-mentioned electronically insulating particles interposed between the anode and the cathode serve as a spacer for keeping the two electrodes from coming closer than a certain distance.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane is compressed and softened in the thermocompression bonding process, short-circuiting due to the projection on the gas diffusion layer on the anode or force side contacting the gas diffusion layer on the counter electrode is prevented. I do.
- the presence of the particles acting as a spacer in the polymer electrolyte membrane makes it possible to increase the pressing force during thermocompression bonding, and the softened polymer electrolyte is placed in the catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer. Can be penetrated. This Thus, the area of the three-phase interface where the reaction gas, the polymer electrolyte, and the catalyst-supporting carbon coexist increases. As a result, the effective reaction surface area of the MEA increases, and the operating voltage of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the MEA can be increased.
- a protrusion existing on the surface facing the polymer electrolyte membrane is covered with an electron insulating layer.
- the electronic insulating layer is preferably made of an electrically insulating inorganic material and a polymerizable resin.
- the MEA of the present invention can be produced by the following method.
- a first method is a step of dispersing electronically insulating particles on a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- One electrode is bonded to a surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane having the particles, and the other electrode is connected to the other surface. Is bonded.
- a second method a step of applying a polymer electrolyte solution on the first polymer electrolyte membrane; a step of spraying electronic insulating particles on a surface to which the polymer electrolyte solution is applied; Drying the solution to form a composite polymer electrolyte membrane having a second polymer electrolyte membrane containing the particles on the first polymer electrolyte membrane, and one of the composite polymer electrolyte membranes A step of coupling one electrode to the surface and coupling the other electrode to the other surface.
- a fourth method is a step of applying a solution containing a thermopolymerizable or photopolymerizable polyfunctional monomer and a polymer electrolyte in an island shape on the first polymer electrolyte membrane, irradiating the applied solution with light, A step of forming polymer electrolyte particles having a high elastic modulus on the first polymer electrolyte membrane by Z or heating, a step of forming a high polymer electrolyte membrane on the surface of the first polymer electrolyte membrane on which the particles are formed; A step of applying a polyelectrolyte solution, a step of drying the applied polyelectrolyte solution to form a composite polyelectrolyte membrane having a second polyelectrolyte membrane containing the particles, and A step of coupling one electrode to one surface of the molecular electrolyte membrane and coupling the other electrode to the other surface.
- the step of bonding the electrode to the polymer electrolyte membrane may be any of the following.
- One comprises a step of bonding a catalyst layer to the polymer electrolyte membrane and a step of bonding a gas diffusion layer to the catalyst layer.
- the other one comprises a step of bonding a gas diffusion layer having a catalyst layer to a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- a preferred method of forming an electron insulating layer on the projections of the gas diffusion layer is a method of transferring an electron insulating layer formed on a support in advance to the projections of the gas diffusion layer.
- Another preferable method is a method in which a coating material containing an electronic insulating material is applied to the protrusions of the gas diffusion layer and dried or cured to form an electronic insulating layer.
- FIG. 1A and 1B show an MEA according to the present embodiment.
- Polymer electrolyte Electrically insulating particles 12 are dispersed in the membrane 11, and the particles 12 are interposed between the poles as a spacer between the anode 17 and the force source 18. If protrusions 19 are present on the gas diffusion layers 13 and 15 in contact with the catalyst layers 14 and 16 on the anode side and the force source side, the role of particles 12 as a spacer As a result, as shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 1B, breakage of the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 is suppressed, and the anode 17 and the force sword 18 are isolated from each other at a predetermined interval.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are cross-sectional views schematically showing the vicinity of a portion between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the electrode in the MEA of FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 21 and the carbon fibers 23 and 25 constituting the gas diffusion layers on the anode side and the cathode side the anode side catalyst layer and The metal catalyst-carrying carbon particles 24 and 26 of the cathode-side catalyst layer are present.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane is heated to near the softening temperature and pressurized, whereby the carbon fibers 23 and 25 and the carbon particles 24 and 26 are formed. In both cases, the polymer electrolyte membrane 21 is compressed and thinned until it comes close to or comes into contact with the particles 22.
- the gas diffusion layer is made of a material in which carbon fibers 23 and 25 such as carbon paper and carbon cloth are entangled, the polymer electrolyte membrane 21 which has been heated and softened is provided between the networks. invade. Further, since the catalyst layer is brittle, the layer structure is partially collapsed during thermocompression bonding, and the dispersed carbon particles 24 and 26, the carbon fibers 23 and 25, and the polymer electrolyte membrane 21 penetrating into the carbon particles 24 and 26. A mixed layer is formed. Thereby, the area of the three-phase interface, which is necessary for the metal catalyst to work effectively, is increased.
- FIG. 2A shows an example in which the diameter of the particle 22 is smaller than the thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane 21.
- the particles 22 may be slightly embedded in the carbon fibers 23 and 25 during the pressure bonding, so that the diameter of the particles 22 may be larger than the thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane 21.
- the particle size or thickness of the particles has a relationship corresponding to the film thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane after pressure bonding. Therefore, the preferable value of the particle size or thickness of the particles is determined by the trade-off between the proton conductivity required for the polymer electrolyte membrane and the cross leak of the reaction gas. From the viewpoint of proton conductivity, the thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane after pressure bonding is preferably 20 m or less. In addition, the cross leak between the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas rapidly increases when the film thickness becomes several meters or less. From this viewpoint, the thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane after the pressure bonding is preferably 5 z ⁇ m or more.
- the particle size or thickness of the particles is preferably 5 to 20 / im.
- a material that undergoes little plastic deformation during thermocompression that is, characteristics such as higher elastic modulus and hardness at the temperature during thermocompression than that of the polymer electrolyte, must be used. It is preferable to select a material having.
- the electrically insulating material constituting the particles include glass, ceramics, inorganic or organic crystals, minerals such as mica, resin, rubber, ebonite, and plant fiber.
- a material obtained by coating an electrically insulating material on electrically conductive particles such as metal and rubber can be used.
- Embodiment 2 It has a proton conductive channel, such as a proton conductive resin whose modulus of elasticity is increased by cross-linking, a cross-linked cation exchange resin having proton conductivity, or an inorganic porous material impregnated with a polymer electrolyte.
- a proton conductive channel such as a proton conductive resin whose modulus of elasticity is increased by cross-linking, a cross-linked cation exchange resin having proton conductivity, or an inorganic porous material impregnated with a polymer electrolyte.
- the particles 12 and 22 can be used as the particles 12 and 22 described above.
- FIG. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views schematically showing the vicinity of the vicinity of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the electrode in the MEA of the present embodiment.
- the anode side The metal catalyst-supporting carbon particles 34 and 36 constituting the catalyst layer and the force side catalyst layer are present.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 31 is thinned to a thickness almost equal to the thickness of the polymer electrolyte particles 32 having a high elastic modulus.
- the carbon fibers 33 and 35 are close together until they almost touch the particles 32.
- the carbon fibers 33 and 35, the carbon particles 34 and 36, and the softened polymer electrolyte membrane 31 by thermocompression bonding form a three-phase interface. And increase the effective reaction surface area of the MEA.
- the spacer portion in which the polymer electrolyte membrane contains particles made of a polymer electrolyte having a higher elastic modulus than the surrounding area, the spacer portion also has proton conductivity, so a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using this is It is possible to increase the operating voltage of the vehicle.
- the high-elasticity polymer electrolyte portion may be prepared, for example, by adding a polymerizable polyfunctional monomer and a polymer electrolyte to an organic solvent, water or a mixed solvent thereof in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight and 5 to 10% by weight, respectively.
- a solution dissolved at a concentration of about 20% by weight is applied on a polymer electrolyte membrane having a low elastic modulus, and is irradiated with heat or ultraviolet rays.
- Thermally polymerizable or photopolymerizable polyfunctional monomers, that is, crosslinkable monomers include ethylene diol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate.
- Tactylate propylene ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 9-nonanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 1 0-decanediol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, glycerin dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-acryloyloxypropyl methacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, propylene ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, dimethylol tricyclodecane diacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate Rate, neopentyldaricol hydroxyacrylate hydroxypivalate, polytetramethylene glyco
- a first method for producing an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly according to the present invention will be described.
- This manufacturing method has an advantage that MEA in which electronically insulating particles serving as spacers are interposed between the anode and the cathode can be manufactured by an extremely simple process.
- Figure 4 shows the MEA manufacturing process. However, the projection on the gas diffusion layer is omitted in the figure.
- FIG. 4 (a) particles 42 of electronic insulation are uniformly dispersed on the polymer electrolyte membrane 41.
- the anode-side catalyst layer 44 and the force-side catalyst layer 46 are formed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane 41 by a transfer method. ⁇ Both sides of the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer, anode-side gas Diffusion layer 4 3 and the pressure-side gas diffusion layer 45 are pressed.
- FIG. 4 (b) an MEA in which the electron insulating particles 42 are interposed between the anode and the force sword as a spacer is produced.
- this compression bonding step it is preferable to perform thermal compression bonding by a hot roll-to-hot press or the like.
- FIG. 5 shows the MEA manufacturing process. However, the protrusion on the gas diffusion layer is omitted.
- a first polymer electrolyte membrane 57a is formed on a support 59 by a casting method.
- a polymer electrolyte solution 58 is applied on the polymer electrolyte membrane 57a as shown in FIG. 5 (b).
- FIG. 5 (c) before the applied polymer electrolyte solution 58 is not dried, the electronic insulating particles 52 are evenly dispersed on the application surface and settled.
- the applied polymer electrolyte solution 58 is dried to remove the solvent. As a result, as shown in FIG.
- a second polymer electrolyte membrane 57 b is formed on the first polymer electrolyte membrane 57 a.
- a composite polymer electrolyte membrane 51 in which the particles 52 are dispersed and present in the intermediate layer is formed.
- the anode-side catalyst layer 54 and the cathode-side catalyst layer 56 are formed on both surfaces of the composite polymer electrolyte membrane 51 in the same manner as in the case of FIG. next., The anode-side gas diffusion layer 53 and the force-side gas diffusion layer 55 are pressed on both surfaces.
- FIG. 5 (e) an MEA in which the electronic insulating particles 52 intervene as a spacer between the anode and the force sword is produced.
- Figure 6 shows the MEA manufacturing process. However, the protrusion on the gas diffusion layer is omitted.
- a first polymer electrolyte membrane 67a is formed on a support 69a by a casting method.
- electronically insulating particles 62 are sprayed on the first polymer electrolyte membrane 67a.
- the second polymer electrolyte membrane 67a was formed on another support 69b by a casting method on the surface of the side where the particles 62 were sprayed.
- the polymer electrolyte membranes 6 7 b are overlapped, and the two are pressed together with a hot air port 68.
- FIG. 7 shows the MEA manufacturing process. However, the protrusion on the gas diffusion layer is omitted.
- a first polymer electrolyte membrane 77a is formed on a support 79 by a casting method.
- a polymer electrolyte solution 78 containing a polyfunctional monomer is applied on the first polymer electrolyte membrane 77a in a pattern in which islands are scattered.
- the surface coated with the solution 78 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to be cured. As a result, particles or small pieces 72 made of a polymer electrolyte having a high elastic modulus are formed in an island shape.
- a polymer electrolyte solution 70 is applied to the surface on which the particles 72 are formed, and this is dried to form a second polymer electrolyte membrane 77 b.
- a composite polymer electrolyte membrane 71 in which particles 72 made of a polymer electrolyte having a high elastic modulus are interspersed in the intermediate layer is formed.
- An anode-side catalyst layer 74 and a cathode-side catalyst layer 76 are formed on both surfaces of the composite polymer electrolyte membrane 71 in the same manner as in the case of FIG.
- the diffusion layer 73 and the gas-side diffusion layer 75 are pressed together.
- MEA in which particles or small pieces of the cured polymer electrolyte are interposed between the anode and the cathode as a spacer is produced.
- a method was employed in which a catalyst layer was previously formed on a polymer electrolyte membrane by a transfer method, and a gas diffusion layer was pressed onto the catalyst layer.
- a method in which a catalyst layer is formed on a gas diffusion layer and such an anode and a force source are pressure-bonded to both sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane can be adopted.
- a method of applying a catalyst paste to a polymer electrolyte membrane by printing or the like to form a catalyst layer, and pressing a gas diffusion layer on the catalyst layer may be employed.
- thermocompression bonding is preferably 20 to 50 kg / cm 2 , and the temperature is preferably 120 to 160 ° C.
- MEA was manufactured by the manufacturing process shown in FIG.
- the catalyst paste was applied on a 50-m-thick polypropylene film support (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) by Barco overnight, dried at room temperature, cut out into a 6 cm x 6 cm square, and supported. A body-attached catalyst layer was produced. The platinum content of this catalyst layer was about 0.2 mg / cm 2 .
- 15 cc of distilled water was added to 5.0 g of a carbon powder supporting a platinum catalyst, and a 9% by weight ethanol solution of a polymer electrolyte (Flemion, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) was added. It was prepared by adding 0 g and stirring for 1 hour with a stirrer while applying ultrasonic vibration.
- a catalyst layer with a support was overlapped on the surface of the region where the particles 42 of the polymer electrolyte membrane 41 was sprayed and on the back surface thereof.
- the outside is sandwiched between a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet and a heat-resistant rubber sheet, and a hot press Using a device, pressure bonding was performed under the conditions of a pressure of 40 kg / cm 2 and a temperature of 135 ° C., and the catalyst layers 44 and 46 were transferred to both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 41, and then the support was peeled off.
- Gas diffusion layers 43 and 45 were placed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer thus produced, respectively, sandwiched between polytetrafluoroethylene sheets, and this was placed at 135 ° by a hot press device.
- the MEA was produced by crimping with C.
- the distance between the anode-side catalyst layer 44 and the force-sword-side catalyst layer 46 of the produced MEA was 18 to 20 m, and the distance was uniform.
- the gas diffusion layers 43 and 45 were prepared by immersing a power tank (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) in an aqueous dispersion of fluorine resin (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd .: ND_1). It was manufactured by firing at ° C. Comparative Example 1
- Example 2 MEA was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the epoxy resin particles were not sprayed on the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the pressing force in the pressing step by the hot press device was set to be 30% lower than in the case of Example 1 in order to prevent contact between the anode and the cathode due to breakage of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the distance between the anode-side catalyst layer and the cathode-side catalyst layer of the fabricated MEA was 24-28 m.
- MEA was manufactured by the manufacturing process shown in FIG. A support made of a 50-m-thick polypropylene film (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) was applied to a 7% by weight ethanol solution of a polymer electrolyte (made by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd .: Flemion). Then, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature, and dried at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a polymer electrolyte membrane 57 a having a thickness of 5 m.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane 57 a having a thickness of 5 m.
- Example 3 the catalyst layers 54 and 56 were transferred to both surfaces of the composite polymer electrolyte membrane 51, and the gas diffusion layers 53 and 5 were formed outside the catalyst layers 54 and 56. 5 was placed and crimped to produce MEA. The distance between the anode-side catalyst layer 5 and the cathode-side catalyst layer 56 was 18 to 20 zm, and the distance was uniform.
- Example 3 The distance between the anode-side catalyst layer 5 and the cathode-side catalyst layer 56 was 18 to 20 zm, and the distance was uniform.
- MEAs were manufactured by the manufacturing process shown in FIG.
- a composite polymer electrolyte solution 78 was provided on a 5 m-thick polymer electrolyte membrane 77 a formed on a support 79 in the same manner as in Example 2 with a 1 mm square mosaic pattern. Screen printing was performed using a printing plate.
- Examples of the composite polymer electrolyte solution 78 include a polymer electrolyte (F1 emion, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), a crosslinkable monomer (1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate), and an ultraviolet polymerization.
- An ethanol solution containing an initiator manufactured by Ciba Geigy Co., Ltd .: Darocure 1173 at concentrations of 9% by weight, 2% by weight, and 0.1% by weight, respectively was used.
- the catalyst layers 74 and 76 were respectively transferred to both surfaces of the composite polymer electrolyte membrane 71, and then the gas diffusion layer was pressed to obtain MEA.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a single cell using the MEA of Example 1 as a representative example thereof.
- gaskets 100 and 101 were thermocompression-bonded to both sides of the periphery of the polymer electrolyte membrane 41 in MEA, respectively, to form MEA with a gasket.
- Separate plates 104 and 105 having anode-side gas passages 102 and cathode-side gas passages 103 were attached to the outside of the gas diffusion layers 43 and 45, respectively.
- each unit cell thus manufactured was maintained at 75 ° C, and the anode gas was heated to a dew point of 70 ° C.
- the battery of Comparative Example 1 had a high internal resistance and a low cell voltage. Also, in the battery of Comparative Example 1, the gap between the electrodes was locally very thin, at 10 m, and the polymer electrolyte membrane was broken depending on how to balance the pressing force during thermocompression bonding. It was found that there was a risk of contact between the anode and the force sword.
- Embodiment 7
- FIG. 9 schematically shows a cross section of a main part of a gas diffusion layer in which a projection is covered with an electronic insulating layer.
- An electronic insulating layer 203 is formed on the top surface of the protrusion 202 on the surface of the gas diffusion layer 201 made of a porous carbon material.
- FIG. 10 schematically shows a cross section of a MEA using a gas diffusion layer having the above-mentioned electronic insulating layer.
- the anode-side catalyst layer 212 and the force-sode-side catalyst layer 211 are in close contact with each other.
- An anode-side gas diffusion layer 214 and a force-side gas diffusion layer 215 are connected to their outer surfaces.
- the electron insulating layer 217 is formed only on the top surface of the projection 216 on the surface of the anode-side gas diffusion layer 214.
- the projections 2 16 break through the anode-side catalyst layer 2 12 and the polymer electrolyte membrane 2 1 1, and physically contact the projections 2 18 on the surface of the cathode-side gas diffusion layer 2 15.
- the electronic insulating layer 217 cuts off the direct electrical contact between the projection 216 and the cathode-side gas diffusion layer 215, and does not cause an internal short circuit.
- the electron insulating particles as a spacer separating the two gas diffusion layers are not shown.
- the electron insulating layer can take a form such as a dot, a line, a plane, or a dome, depending on the shape of the projection on the surface of the gas diffusion layer. Further, powdery insulating particles may be attached to the protrusions.
- the electronic insulating layer must not be destroyed when the protrusion comes into contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane or the counter electrode in a step such as thermocompression bonding in the process of manufacturing the MEA. Therefore, when the thickness of the electronic insulating layer is small, it is preferable to select a material having high hardness.
- the inorganic material for forming the electronic insulating layer minerals such as glass, ceramic, and mica, and various inorganic crystals can be used. Of these, materials that are stable even in an electrochemically corrosive atmosphere, for example, inorganic compounds such as silicon nitride, and inorganic oxides such as silicon oxide, alumina, and titanium oxide are particularly preferable. Layers using these inorganic insulating materials include, for example, particles of the inorganic insulating material formed of a polymerizable resin material alone, or alcohols, glycols, glycerin, ketones, and carbonized materials having a low vapor pressure at room temperature. A mixed coating solution to which a dispersion medium such as hydrogens is added can be formed by applying to the projections and drying.
- the resin material for forming the electronic insulating layer a resin that is initially fluid or liquid and has a property of increasing the elastic modulus by being bridged by heating, irradiation of ultraviolet rays or radiation, or the like is used. be able to.
- a resin the heat- or ultraviolet-polymerizable polyfunctional monomer described in the second embodiment is used.
- These polymerizable resins may be applied as they are to the protrusions alone.
- the above-mentioned inorganic materials such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and alumina may be used. It is more preferable to use a mixture with particles of an insulating material.
- the applied polymerizable resin can be cured by heating during the thermocompression bonding or the assembling process, irradiation of ultraviolet rays or radiation, or the like.
- the method of curing the polymerizable resin in a step after application is a preferable method from the viewpoint of production.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows the electron insulative layer 223 formed on the protrusion 222 on the surface of the gas diffusion layer 221.
- the layer 223 comprises an inorganic insulating material 224 and a polymer resin 225.
- the first method for forming an electronic insulating layer on the protrusions on the surface of the gas diffusion layer is a step of forming an electronic insulating layer on a support made of a film such as polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate.
- the method comprises a step of superposing the layer on one side of the gas diffusion layer, and transferring the electron insulating layer to the projection on the surface of the gas diffusion layer by pressing or rolling.
- the electron insulating layer can be preferentially formed on the protrusion existing on the surface of the gas diffusion layer facing the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the electronic insulating layer is formed by mixing a fluid resin material or a liquid resin material with an inorganic electronic insulating material, or by dispersing inorganic material particles in a dispersion medium. (Represented by a coating material) is coated on a support with a die or the like, and dried or cured to form Wear.
- a transfer method there is a method of drying or curing a coating layer on a support to form an electronic insulating layer, and transferring this to a gas diffusion layer.
- a method in which an uncured coating layer is transferred to a gas diffusion layer, and in a subsequent step, the coating layer is cured to form an electronic insulating layer can be employed.
- the second method of forming the electronic insulating layer on the projection on the surface of the gas diffusion layer is as follows.
- the coating material containing the electronic insulating material is applied to the projection on the surface of the gas diffusion layer on the side where the catalyst layer is formed. And then curing by drying, heating, ultraviolet irradiation or radiation irradiation.
- a method of applying the coating material for example, a printing method using a thick metal mask and adjusting the position of the blade to a high level using a doctor blade is preferable. Thereby, the coating material can be applied preferentially to the protrusion on the surface of the gas diffusion layer. Either of the above methods can effectively prevent the electronic insulating layer from adhering to portions other than the projections of the gas diffusion layer.
- a platinum catalyst having an average particle size of 2 nm was supported on carbon particles having an average particle size of 30 nm (Ketjen International: Ketzin Black EC).
- 15 cc of distilled water was added to 5.0 g of the catalyst-supporting carbon powder, and 25.0 g of a 9% by weight ethanol solution of a polymer electrolyte (Flemion, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) was added. The mixture was agitated with a stirrer for 1 hour to give a catalyst paste.
- the catalyst paste was applied to a 50-m-thick polypropylene film (Toray Industries, Inc.) Co., Ltd.), dried at room temperature, and cut out into a 6 cm ⁇ 6 cm square to prepare a support with a catalyst layer.
- the platinum content of the catalyst layer was about 0.2 mg / cm 2 .
- the polypropylene film with the catalyst layer was placed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane so that the catalyst layer was on the inside, and the outside was sandwiched between a sheet made of polytetrafluoroethylene and a heat-resistant rubber sheet. At 135 ° C with a hot press device. Thereafter, the polypropylene film was peeled off from the catalyst layer. Thus, a catalyst layer was formed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane by the transfer method.
- Riki-bon cloth (Nippon Riki-bon Co., Ltd .: Riki-Ichi-Boron GF—20-31E) with a film thickness of about 400 was used in an aqueous dispersion of fluororesin (Daikin Industries, Ltd .: After immersion in ND-1), it was baked at 300 ° C to give a water-repellent treatment.
- a paste-like coating material containing an insulating material was printed on the cloth.
- the printed coating material was irradiated with ultraviolet light of 100 mW for 120 seconds using a high-pressure mercury lamp to crosslink and cure the polymerizable monomer in the coating material.
- a gas diffusion layer in which the insulating layer was coated on the protrusions on the surface of the water-repellent treated carbon cloth was obtained.
- the coating material is silica particles with a particle size of about 30 nanometers (Nippon Aerosil)
- AEROSIL # 50 a polymerizable monomer such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.) and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the coating material was printed using a 0.3 mm square metal mask with an open window and a doctor blade. The height of the doctor blade was adjusted with a microscope while confirming that the paste was applied only to the protrusions on the surface of the force cloth.
- Example 4 Approximately 400 micron film thickness carbon cloth (Nippon Riki Ibon Co., Ltd .: Boron GF—20—31 E) and an aqueous dispersion of fluororesin (Daikin Industry Co., Ltd .: ND _ After immersion in 1), it was baked at 300 ° C. to perform a water-repellent treatment.
- An MEA was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 4 except that this was used as it was as a gas diffusion layer. Using the MEAs of Example 4 and Comparative Example 2, the same unit cells as in Example 1 were produced.
- a battery stack was prepared by laminating 100 cells of each of the above cells.
- a current collector plate, an insulating plate, and an end plate made of stainless steel were arranged on both ends of each of the battery stacks, and these were fixed with fastening rods.
- the fastening pressure at this time was 15 kgf / cm 2 per area of Separet. So for each battery stack, under the same conditions as for the single cells above
- the present invention it is possible to provide a MEA having a low internal resistance and a large effective reaction surface area without causing a short circuit between electrodes. Using this MEA, a highly reliable polymer fuel cell can be constructed.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002464326A CA2464326A1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-03-20 | Electrolyte membrane/electrode union for fuel cell and process for producing the same |
CNB038017725A CN1331264C (zh) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-03-20 | 燃料电池用电解质膜-电极接合体及其制造方法 |
EP03712819A EP1429408A4 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-03-20 | ELECTRODE UNION / ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FOR FUEL CELL AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING SAME |
KR1020047002769A KR100567487B1 (ko) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-03-20 | 연료전지용 전해질막-전극접합체 및 그 제조방법 |
US10/760,559 US20040209155A1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2004-01-21 | Fuel cell, electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002084375A JP2003282093A (ja) | 2002-03-25 | 2002-03-25 | 燃料電池用電解質膜−電極接合体およびその製造方法 |
JP2002-084375 | 2002-03-25 | ||
JP2002-228319 | 2002-08-06 | ||
JP2002228319A JP2004071324A (ja) | 2002-08-06 | 2002-08-06 | 高分子電解質型燃料電池およびその製造方法 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/760,559 Continuation US20040209155A1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2004-01-21 | Fuel cell, electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell and manufacturing method thereof |
Publications (1)
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WO2003081707A1 true WO2003081707A1 (fr) | 2003-10-02 |
Family
ID=28456244
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2003/003479 WO2003081707A1 (fr) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-03-20 | Union d'electrode/membrane d'electrolyte pour pile a combustible et son procede d'obtention |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20040209155A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1429408A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100567487B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1331264C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2464326A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003081707A1 (ja) |
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US20060216563A1 (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2006-09-28 | Masafumi Matsunaga | Electrolyte membrane, electrolyte membrane composite, method of manufacturing electrolyte membrane composite, electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell, method of manufacturing electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell, and fuel cell |
DE102005038195A1 (de) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-15 | Pemeas Gmbh | Verbesserte Membran-Elektrodeneinheiten und Brennstoffzellen mit langer Lebensdauer |
FR2894720B1 (fr) * | 2005-12-09 | 2010-12-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Pile a combustible avec collecteurs de courant integres a l'electrolyte solide et procede de fabrication d'une telle pile a combustible. |
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KR100711897B1 (ko) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-04-25 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 물회수 및 순환구조를 갖는 연료전지 시스템 |
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KR101063710B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-26 | 2011-09-07 | 히다치 가세고교 가부시끼가이샤 | 이방 도전성 접착제 조성물, 이방 도전성 필름, 회로 부재의 접속 구조, 및 피복 입자의 제조 방법 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7638225B2 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2009-12-29 | Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh | Cathode for a direct methanol fuel cell and method for operating the same |
WO2005034270A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Membrane electrode assembly, production method for the same, and proton-exchange membrane fuel cell |
US7504013B2 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2009-03-17 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | System and a method for manufacturing an electrolyte using electro deposition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1331264C (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
CA2464326A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
CN1606814A (zh) | 2005-04-13 |
EP1429408A1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
KR100567487B1 (ko) | 2006-04-03 |
EP1429408A4 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
US20040209155A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
KR20040029037A (ko) | 2004-04-03 |
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