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Definitions

• the present invention relates to a urea derivative which is useful as an active ingredient of pharmaceutical preparations.
• the urea derivative of the present invention has a vanilloid receptor (VRl) antagonistic activity, and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VRl activity, in particular for the treatment of urge urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, incontinence and/or inflammatory disorders.
• VRl vanilloid receptor
• Vanilloid compounds are characterized by the presence of vanillyl group or a functionally equivalent group.
• vanilloid compounds or vanilloid receptor modulators are vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde), guaiacol (2- methoxy-phenol), zingerone (4-/4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl/-2-butanon), eugenol- (2-methoxy4-/2-propenyl/phenol), and capsaicin (8-methy-N-vanillyl-6-nonene- amide).
• capsaicin the main pungent ingredient in "hot” chili peppers, is a specific neurotoxin that desensitizes C-fiber afferent neurons.
• Capsaicin interacts with vanilloid receptors (VRl), which are predominantly expressed in cell bodies of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or nerve endings of afferent sensory fibers including C- fiber nerve endings [Tominaga M, Caterina MJ, Malmberg AB, Rosen TA, Gilbert H, Skinner K, Raumann BE, Basbaum Al, Julius D: The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli. Neuron. 21: 531-543, 1998].
• VRl vanilloid receptors
• the VRl receptor was recently cloned [Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD, Julius D: Nature 389: 816-824, (1997)] and identified as a nonselective cation channel with six transmembrane domains that is structurally related to the TRP (transient receptor potential) channel family. Binding of capsaicin to VRl allows sodium, calcium and possibly potassium ions to flow down their concentration gradients, causing initial depolarization and release of neuro- transmitters from the nerve terminals. VRl can therefore be viewed as a molecular integrator of chemical and physical stimuli that elicit neuronal signals in a pathological conditions or diseases.
• antagonists of the VRl receptor can be used for prophylaxis and treatment of the condition and diseases including chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, incontinence, inflammatory disorders, urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and or overactive bladder.
• condition and diseases including chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, incontinence, inflammatory disorders, urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and or overactive bladder.
• WO 2000/50387 discloses the compounds having a vanilloid agonist activity represented by the general formula:
• X p is an oxygen or sulfur atom
• a p is -NHCH 2 - or -CH 2 -;
• R a is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl group, or R al CO-;
• R al is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubsti- tuted aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms;
• R b is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoky group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a halogen atom;
• R c is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atom, an aminoalkyl, a diacid monoester or ⁇ -alkyl acid;
• the asteric mark * indicates a chiral carbon atom, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• R ⁇ R represent (F, F), (CF 3 , H), or (iPr, iPr)
• R >90 is hydrogen, C 1 . 12 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, or the like, and
• R 91 is amino-C ⁇ -6 alkyl, aminocarbonyl-C ⁇ .6 alkyl, or hydroxy- aminocarbonyl C ⁇ . 6 alkyl;
• R 90 and R 91 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6 alkyl, C ⁇ -6 alkylthio, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy, fiuoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, and nitro;
• This invention is to provide a medicament comprising an urea derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as an active ingredient:
• R 1 is C 1-6 alkyl substituted by phenyl or thienyl (in which said phenyl or thienyl are substituted by R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 ), C 3-8 cycloalkyl optionally fused by benzene, thienyl, quinolyl, carbazolyl of which N-H is substituted by N-R u , 1,2-oxazolyl substituted by R ⁇ , naphthyl substituted by R 14 and R 15 , phenyl substituted by R n , R 12 , and R 13 , phenyl fused by C -8 cycloalkyl or saturated or unsaturatd C 4 . 8 heterocyclic ring having one or two hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, and SO 2 , wherein said cycloalkyl and heterocyclic ring are optionally substituted by R n ,
• R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are different or identical and represent hydrogen, halogen, oxo, nitro, carboxyl, C ⁇ - 6 alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxy or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, carbamoyl, C 1-6 alkylcarbamoyl, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, C ⁇ -6 alkoxycarbonyl, amino, C ⁇ -6 alkylamino, di(C ⁇ ,6 alkyl)amino, morpholino, benzyl, phenoxy, mono-, di-, or tri- halogen substituted phenoxy, C ⁇ -6 alkylthio, C ⁇ -6 alkanoyl, C ⁇ -6 alkanoylamino, alkyl substituted 4,5- dihydro-l,3-oxazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, phenyl optionally substituted by one to three substituents,
• substituents are each different or identical and selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ . 6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkyl, C ⁇ -6 alkanoyl, and carboxy, or
• R 111 represents hydrogen, 5-methyl-isoxazole, or 2,4 di- methylpyrimidine
• R 14 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or C ⁇ -6 alkoxy
• R 15 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or C ⁇ -6 alkoxy;
• X, Y, and W are different or identical represent C, CH, CH 2 , C(O), N, NH, S, O, SO or SO 2 ;
• the dashed line between X and W represents a single bond or a double bond
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, hydroxy, mercapto, trifluoromethyl, and methylthio, or is absent; with the proviso that if the bond between X--W is a double,
• X is N or CH
• W is N or C
• Y is selected from the group consisting of NH, S, O, CH 2 , SO, and SO 2 ;
• X and Y independently represent CH 2 , CO, NH, S, O, SO, or SO 2 ;
• W is N, CH, S, O, SO or SO 2 ;
• the urea derivative of formula (I), its tautomeric and stereoisomeric form, and salts thereof surprisingly shows excellent VRl antagonistic activity. They are, therefore, suitable especially for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VRl activity, in particular for the treatment of urge urinary incontinence and/or overactive bladder.
• This invention is also to provide a method for treating or preventing a disorder or disease associated with VRl activity in a human or animal administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of the urea derivative shown in the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
• (I) its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in the preparation of a medicament.
• said medicament is suitable for treating or preventing a disorder or disease associated with VRl activity.
• the urea derivative of formula (I) are those wherein;
• R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are different or identical and represent hydrogen, halogen, nitro, carboxyl, C ⁇ -6 alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxy or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, C ⁇ -6 alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, C ⁇ - 6 alkylcarbamoyl, amino, C ⁇ .
• R » 111 is hydrogen, 5-methyl-isoxazole, or 2,4-dimethyl- pyrimidine.
• the urea derivative of formula (I) are those wherein;
• R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are different or identical and represent hydrogen, fiuoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, isopropyl, methoxy, nitro, ethoxy- carbonyl, phenyl, phenoxy, 4-chlorophenyl, methylthio, acetyl, or trifluoromethyl.
• the urea derivative of formula (I) are those wherein; represents
• R ,2 is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxy, mercapto, trifluoromethyl, or methyl- thio.
• said urea derivative of the formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of:
• the medicament of the present invention further comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• the medicament having at least one urea derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric and stereoisomeric form, and salts thereof is effective for treating or preventing a disease selected from the group consisting of urge urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration and/or stroke, since the diseases also relate to VRl activity.
• a disease selected from the group consisting of urge urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration and/or stroke, since the diseases also relate to VRl activity.
• Alkyl per se and "alk” and "alkyl” in alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkylthio, alkylamino, alkyl- aminocarbonyl, alkylaminosulphonyl, alkylsulphonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy- carbonylamino, alkylcarbamoyl and alkanoylamino represent a linear or branched alkyl radical having generally 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, representing illustratively and preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.
• Alkoxy illustratively and preferably represents methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.
• Alkanoyl illustratively and preferably represents acetyl and propanoyl.
• Alkylamino represents an alkylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino, n- hexyl-amino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, N- methyl-N-n-propylamino, N-isopropyl-N-n-propylamino, N-t-butyl-N-methylamino, N-ethyl-N-n-pentylamino and N-n-hexyl-N-methylamino.
• Alkylaminocarbonyl or alkylcarbamoyl represents an alkylaminocarbonyl radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, n-propylamino- carbonyl, isopropylamino-carbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl, n-pentylamino- carbonyl, n-hexylaminocarbonyl, N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl, N,N-diethylamino- carbonyl, N-ethyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl, N-methyl-N-n-propylaminocarbonyl, N- isopropyl-N-n-propylaminocarbonyl, N-t-butyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl, N-ethyl-N- n-
• Alkoxycarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents methoxycarbo ' nyl, ethoxy- carbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, n-pentoxy- carbonyl and n-hexoxycarbonyl.
• Alkoxycarbonylamino illustratively and preferably represents methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, n-propoxycarbonylamino, isopropoxycarbonylarnino, tert-butoxycarbonylamino, n-pentoxycarbonylamino and n-hexoxy carbony lamino .
• Alkanoylamino illustratively and preferably represents acetylamino and ethyl- carbonylamino.
• Halogen represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• Aryl per se and in arylamino and in arylcarbonyl represents a mono- to tricyclic aromatic carbocyclic radical having generally 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 6-10 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• aryl radicals include, but are not limited to phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, biphenyl, fluorenonyl and the like.
• Heterocyclic ring refers to a 3- to 15-membered ring radical which consists of carbon atoms and from one to five heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• the heterocyclic ring radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring and may be partially or fully saturated or aromatic.
• Such rings include, but are not limited to thienyl, benzothienyl, furanyl, benzofuranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzo- dioxolyl, indazolyl, indazolinolyl and the like
• the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by either of the methods [A], [B] and [C] below.
• one or more of the substituents, such as amino group, carboxyl group, and hydroxyl group of the compounds used as starting materials or intermediates are advantageously protected by a protecting group known to those skilled in the art.
• the reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, ethers, such as dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as dimethylforrnamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and others.
• ethers such as dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene
• nitriles such as acetonitrile
• amides such as dimethylforrnamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide
• sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and others.
• the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
• the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 30°C to 100°C.
• the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
• the compound[I] wherein R 1 , R 2 , X, Y and W are the same as defined above can also be prepared by (1) reacting a amine derivative formula [11] (wherein R 2 , X, Y, and W are the same as defined above)and l, -carbonyldi(l,2,4-triazole)
• reaction (1) may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, ethers, such as dioxane, and tetra- hydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as dimethylforrnamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and others.
• ethers such as dioxane, and tetra- hydrofuran
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene
• nitriles such as acetonitrile
• amides such as dimethylforrnamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide
• sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and others.
• the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
• the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 50°C.
• the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 10 hours and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
• the reaction (2) may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, ethers, such as dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and others.
• ethers such as dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene
• nitriles such as acetonitrile
• amides such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide
• sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and others.
• the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
• the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 30°C to 100°C.
• the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 1 hour to 48 hours and preferably 2 to 24 hours.
• the compound [I] (wherein R , R , X, Y, and W are the same as defined above) can be prepared by reacting an amine derivative formula [II] (wherein R 2 , X, Y, and W are the same as defined above)and carbamate of the formula [VI] (wherein X is the same as defined above and Y represents phenyl).
• the reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2- dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N- dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone(NMP); urea such as 1,3- dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others.
• halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane
• ethers such as dieth
• the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
• the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 100°C.
• the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 40 hours and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
• amine derivatives formula [II], Isocyanates [HI], CDT [IN], amines [N], and carbamates [NI] are commercially available or can be prepared by the use of known techniques or by method described in the examples.
• Typical salts of the compound shown by the formula (I) include salts prepared by reaction of the compounds of the present invention with a mineral or orgamc acid, or an organic or inorganic base. Such salts are known as acid addition and base addition salts, respectively.
• Acids to form acid addition salts include inorganic acids such as, without limitation, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid and the like, and organic acids, such as, without limitation, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p-bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like.
• inorganic acids such as, without limitation, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid and the like
• organic acids such as, without limitation, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p-bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like.
• Base addition salts include those derived from inorganic bases, such as, without limitation, ammonium hydroxide, alkaline metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, and the like, and organic bases, such as, without limitation, ethanolamine, triemylamine, tris(hydroxymemyl)arninomethane, and the like.
• inorganic bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and the like.
• the compound of the present invention or a salts thereof, depending on its substituents, may be modified to form lower alkylesters or known other esters; and/or hydrates or other solvates. Those esters, hydrates, and solvates are included in the scope of the present invention.
• the compound of the present invention may be administered in oral forms, such as, without limitation normal and enteric coated tablets, capsules, pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, solution, suspensions, syrups, solid and liquid aerosols and emulsions. They may also be administered in parenteral forms, such as, without limitation, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and the like forms, well-known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using transdermal delivery systems well-known to those of ordinary skilled in the art.
• the dosage regimen with the use of the compounds of the present invention is selected by one of ordinary skill in the arts, in view of a variety of factors, including, without limitation, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the recipient, the severity of the condition to be treated, the route of administration, the level of metabolic and excretory function of the recipient, the dosage form employed, the particular compound and salt thereof employed.
• the compounds of the present invention are preferably formulated prior to administration together with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients.
• Excipients are inert substances such as, without limitation, carriers, diluents, flavoring agents, sweeteners, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, " binders, tablet disintegrating agents and encapsulating material.
• compositions of the present invention are pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically- acceptable excipients that are compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
• Pharmaceutical formulations of the invention are prepared by combining a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of the invention together with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients therefore.
• the active ingredient may be mixed with a diluent, or enclosed within a carrier, which may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container.
• the carrier may serve as a diluent, which may be solid, semi-solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.
• a diluent which may be solid, semi-solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.
• the active ingredient may be combined with an oral, and non-toxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, such as, without limitation, lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, sodium carbonate, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, methyl cellulose, and the like; together with, optionally, disintegrating agents, such as, without limitation, maize, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum, alginic acid, and the like; and optionally, binding agents, for example, without limitation, gelatin, natural sugars, beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums, acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like; and, optionally, lubricating agents, for example, without limitation, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, stearic acid, sodium oleate, sodium benzoate
• the carrier may be a finely divided solid which is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient.
• the active ingredient may be mixed with a carrier having binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired to produce tablets.
• the powders and tablets preferably contain from about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the active ingredient which is the novel composition of the present invention.
• Suitable solid carriers are magnesium carboxymethyl cellulose, low melting waxes, and cocoa butter.
• Sterile liquid formulations include suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs.
• the active ingredient can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as sterile water, sterile organic solvent, or a mixture of both sterile water and sterile organic solvent.
• the active ingredient can also be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, for example, aqueous propylene glycol.
• a suitable organic solvent for example, aqueous propylene glycol.
• Other compositions can be made by dispersing the finely divided active ingredient in aqueous starch or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution or in a suitable oil.
• the formulation may be in unit dosage form, which is a physically discrete unit containing a unit dose, suitable for administration in human or other mammals.
• a unit dosage form can be a capsule or tablets, or a number of capsules or tablets.
• a "unit dose" is a predetermined quantity of the active compound of the present invention, calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with one or more excipients.
• the quantity of active ingredient in a unit dose may be varied or adjusted from about 0.1 to about 1000 milligrams or more according to the particular treatment involved.
• Typical oral dosages of the present invention when used for the indicated effects, will range from about O.Olmg /kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably from
• parenteral administration it has generally proven advantageous to administer quantities of about 0.001 to 100 mg /kg/day, preferably from 0.01 mg kg/day to 1 mg/kg/day.
• the compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dose may be administered in divided doses, two, three, or more times per day. Where delivery is via transdermal forms, of course, administration is continuous.
• Human vanilloid receptor (hVRl) cD ⁇ A was cloned from libraries of axotomized dorsal root ganglia (WO2000/29577). The cloned hVRl cD ⁇ A was constructed with pcDNA3 vector and transfected into a CHOluc9aeq cell line. The cell line contains aequorin and CRE-luciferase reporter genes as read-out signals.
• the transfectants were cloned by limiting dilution in selection medium (DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco BRL) supplemented with 10% FCS, 1.4 mM Sodium pyruvate, 20 mM HEPES, 0.lf% Sodium bicarbonate, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin, 2 mM glutamine, non-essential amino acids and 2 mg/ml G418). Ca influx was examined in the capsaicin-stimulated clones. A high responder clone was selected and used for further experiments in the project. The human NRl-CHOluc9aeq cells were maintained in the selection medium and passaged every 3-4 days at l-2.5xl0 5 cells/flask (75 mm 2 ).
• Human VRl-CHOluc9aeq cells were suspended in a culture medium which is the same as the selection medium except for G418 and seeded at a density of 1,000 cells per well into 384-well plates (black walled clear-base / ⁇ alge ⁇ unc International). Following the culture for 48 hrs the medium was changed to 2 ⁇ M Fluo-3 AM (Molecular Probes) and 0.02% Puronic F-127 in assay buffer (Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), 17 mM HEPES (pH7.4),
• DRG dorsal root ganglia
• DRG was incubated with 0.1% trypsin (Gibco BRL) in PBS(-) (Gibco BRL) for 30 min at 37°C, then a half volume of fetal calf serum (FCS) was added and the cells were spun down.
• FCS fetal calf serum
• the DRG neuron cells were resuspended in Ham F12/5% FCS/5% horse serum (Gibco BRL) and dispersed by repeated pipetting and passing through 70 ⁇ m mesh (Falcon). The culture plate was incubated for 3 hours at 37°C to remove contaminating Schwann cells.
• Non-adherent cells were recovered and further cultured in laminin-coated 384 well plates (Nunc) at lxlO 4 cells/50 ⁇ l/well for 2 days in the presence of 50 ng/ml recombinant rat NGF (Sigma) and 50 ⁇ M 5- fluorodeoxyuridine (Sigma).
• DRG neuron cells were washed twice with HBSS supplemented with 17 mM
• Bladder strips were equilibrated for 60 min before each stimulation. Contractile response to 80 mM KCl was determined at 15 min intervals until reproducible responses were obtained. The response to KCl was used as an internal standard to evaluate the maximal response to capsaicin. The effects of the compounds were investigated by incubating the strips with compounds for 30 min prior to the stimulation with 1 ⁇ M capsaicin (vehicle: 80% saline, 10%
• Human P2X1 -transfected CHOluc9aeq cell line was established and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM/F12) supplemented with 7.5% FCS, 20 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.4), 1.4 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin, 2 mM glutamine (Gibco BRL) and 0.5 Units/ml apyrase (grade I, Sigma).
• the suspended cells were seeded in each well of 384- well optical bottom black plates (Nalge Nunc international) at 3 x 10 3 / 50 ⁇ l / well. The cells were cultured for following 48 hrs to adhere to the plates.
• P2X1 receptor agonist-mediated mcreases m cytoso c Ca levels were measured using a fluorescent Ca 2+ chelating dye, Fluo-3 AM (Molecular Probes).
• the plate-attached cells were washed twice with washing buffer (HBSS, 17 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.4), 0.1% BSA and 0.5 units/ml apyrase), and incubated in 40 ⁇ l of loading buffer (1 ⁇ M Fluo-3 AM, 1 mM probenecid, 1 ⁇ M cyclosporin A, 0.01% pluronic (Molecular Probes)in washing buffer) for 1 hour in a dark place.
• the plates were washed twice with 40 ⁇ l washing buffer and 35 ⁇ l of washing buffer were added in each well with 5 ⁇ l of test compounds or 2',3 '-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'- triphosphate (Molecular Probes) as a reference. After further incubation for
• Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of urethane (Sigma) at 1.2 g/kg. The abdomen was opened through a midline incision, and a polyethylene catheter (BECTON DICKINSON, PE50) was implanted into the bladder through the dome. In parallel, the inguinal region was incised, and a polyethylene catheter (Hibiki, size 5) filled with 2 IU / ml of heparin (Novo
• Heparin, Aventis Pharma in saline (Otsuka) was inserted into a common iliac artery.
• the bladder catheter was connected via T-tube to a pressure transducer (Viggo-Spectramed Pte Ltd, DT-XXAD) and a microinjection pump (TERUMO). Saline was infused at room temperature into the bladder at a rate of 2.4 ml/hr. Intravesical pressure was recorded continuously on a chart pen recorder (Yokogawa). At least three reproducible micturition cycles, corresponding to a 20-minute period, were recorded before a test compound administration and used as baseline values.
• the saline infusion was stopped before administrating compounds.
• a testing compound dissolved in the mixture of ethanol, Tween 80 (ICN Biomedicals Inc.) and saline (1 : 1 : 8, v/v/v) was administered intraarterially at 10 mg/kg. 2 min after the administration of the compound 10 ⁇ g of capsaicin (Nacalai Tesque) dissolved in ethanol was administered intraarterially.
• capsaicin-induced intravesical pressure were analyzed from the cystometry data.
• the capsaicin-induced bladder pressures were compared with the maximum bladder pressure during micturition without the capsaicin stimulation.
• the testing compounds-mediated inhibition of the increased bladder pressures was evaluated using Student's t- test. A probability level less than 5% was accepted as significant difference.
• IC 50 A 0.1 ⁇ M ⁇ B 0.5 ⁇ M ⁇ C l ⁇ M ⁇ D
• the compounds of the present invention also show excellent selectivity, and strong activity in other assays (2)-(4) described above.
• This example was performed according to the general method A.
• This example was performed according to the general method B.

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