WO2003047137A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur synchronisation von funkstationen und zeitsynchrones funkbussystem - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur synchronisation von funkstationen und zeitsynchrones funkbussystem Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003047137A2 WO2003047137A2 PCT/DE2002/004263 DE0204263W WO03047137A2 WO 2003047137 A2 WO2003047137 A2 WO 2003047137A2 DE 0204263 W DE0204263 W DE 0204263W WO 03047137 A2 WO03047137 A2 WO 03047137A2
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- frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/04—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
- H04L7/06—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals the synchronisation signals differing from the information signals in amplitude, polarity or frequency or length
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for synchronizing radio stations with the generic features of claim 1, a device or a bus system for performing such a method and possible uses for it.
- a simple frequency reference can be achieved by using oscillators with high frequency stability in the transmitter and in the receiver. Due to temperature or aging drifts, however, there is always an unknown residual frequency offset. More complex arrangements have means which are suitable for determining the residual frequency offset and / or the phase offset. Based on the determined deviation quantities, the comparison source can then be controlled or regulated, for example. Various frequency and phase locked loops are used for this. As a rule, these methods are very complex and prone to interference, in particular when the source of the transmission source to which the adjustment is to be made is not the only source of transmission signals in the vicinity of the receiving station.
- the phases of the two sources cannot have a fixed relationship, the phases in principle corresponding to a time variable.
- the two time references only match for a short time and then diverge more or less quickly depending on the remaining frequency offset, since the clock of the "clocks" is not exactly the same speed.
- it is very difficult to send very exact time stamps because e.g. the edges of a bit cannot be as steep as desired, since the permitted bandwidths are subject to legal restrictions in radio systems.
- a transmitting station sends a signal to a receiving station, which in turn responds to this signal after an agreed time interval. If the "clock" in the receiving station does not run exactly in sync with the "clock” in the transmitting station, the time of reply of the transmitting station is never exactly known. This prevents, for example, that the spatial distance between the transmitting and receiving station can be determined based on the transit time of the transmitted signals. This also complicates especially for very broadband radio systems, demodulation or information extraction of the received signals.
- the object of the invention is to propose a method and a device which enable improved synchronization of two stations which communicate with one another via a radio link.
- a transmitter signal with a signal source is generated in the transmitter station and transmitted via the radio interface and a corresponding reception signal is expedient in the receiver station received by the radio interface and evaluated using a receiver signal source signal from a receiver-side signal source adapted to the transmitter-side signal source, for the current adaptation of the synchronization both to the transmission signal and to the receiver signal source signal, a similar frequency modulation applied, in which Received station received signal is mixed with the receiver signal source signal to a mixed signal and the mixed signal with respect to a frequency detun analysis is heard.
- Frequency modulations can be in particular as a linear or sectionally linear ramp with a continuously increasing and / or decreasing frequency. Any other modulations can be used instead of a ramp
- a proportionality value which in simple cases can be set to one
- a constant frequency difference value and a time offset of the signals to one another can generally be determined.
- a simple system of equations can be used to solve this.
- Such a method can be carried out in appropriately equipped receiver devices or combined transmitter / receiver devices that use parameters for the modulation, which parameters are also used in this form in the transmitter devices for signal generation.
- the transmitter devices are also to be equipped in such a way that various modulation parameters are used in general or on request by the receiver station communicating therewith when generating the transmit signal.
- a time-synchronized bus system with at least one main station and a large number of communication devices communicating with it can be used in many technical areas, for example for controlling technical systems with a central main station and a large number of workstations which are controlled by the central main station.
- FIG. 2 shows two signal forms, such as those generated by a first signal generator in a transmitting device or a second signal generator in a receiving device;
- Fig. 4 signals with different frequency profiles
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a preferred transmitting / receiving device
- FIG. 6 shows a main station which communicates with a plurality of communication devices and Fig. 7 different amplitude spectra of frequency components.
- a transmission device SE consists of various devices, of which only the relevant ones are described below for the sake of simplicity. These are, in particular, a signal generator SGEN 1 for generating a transmission signal sigl and a clock device CLK 1 for generating a clock for exciting the signal generator SGEN 1.
- the transmitting device SE uses the signal generator SGEN 1 to generate the transmitting signal sigl, which is emitted via a transmitting antenna AS via a radio interface V in the direction of the receiving device EE.
- the form of the sigl signal is fixed, e.g. a triangular frequency modulated ramp, as shown in Fig. 2. Only the frequency f and the duration 2-T of the signal sigl are scaled by a base clock, which is generated in the clock device CLK1 of the transmitting device SE and has the duration 2T.
- the receiving device EE is largely constructed identically.
- a signal sig2 is generated in this in the same way as in the transmission device SE.
- a signal generator SGEN 2 which is excited by a clock device CLK 2 with the aid of a clock, is again used for signal generation.
- the shape of the sig2 signal should correspond to the shape of the sigl signal.
- the scaling factor of the signal sig2, which is determined by the clock device CLK2 is generally, i.e. in the unsynchronized case, initially different from that of the signal sigl of the transmitter SE. In general, there is also initially a time and frequency offset between these sigl and sig2 signals.
- the signal received via an antenna AE of the receiving device EE which was previously generated and transmitted by the transmitting device SE, is mixed with the signal using a mixer MIX sig2 mixed.
- the mixed signal sigmix is fed to an evaluation and control device ASE, which analyzes the mixed signal sigmix and modifies the clock of the clock device CLK2 based on the evaluation result in such a way that the transmitter device SE and the receiver device EE run as synchronously as possible.
- a triangular frequency-modulated ramp is preferably used as the signal form.
- the frequency f of the sinusoidal transmit signal Sigl directly linear or fsto linearly increased in stages in the time T, first to a stop frequency and then reduced in the same way back to the output frequency f s t a r t.
- This modulation is preferably repeated cyclically.
- the exact values of the start frequency f s tart are dependent on the stop frequency f s to P and on the time T of the clock device CLK1 and are therefore unknown in the context in which the base clock can fluctuate from the clock device CLK1.
- the signal sig2 of the receiving device EE is generated in the same way. Depending on the clock device CLK2 of the receiving device EE, the signal sig2 of the receiving device EE differs from the transmitter signal sigl with respect to the starting frequency fstart, the stop frequency f st0 p and the time T, and there is initially any time offset or time offset between the signals sigl and sig 2.
- the difference between the signal sigl of the transmitting device SE and the signal sig2 of the receiving device EE are sufficiently precise by a frequency offset ⁇ f and Describe a time offset ⁇ .
- the mostly slightly different slope of the ramps can be neglected under the conditions mentioned, which are generally given in the usual practical designs of radio systems.
- the frequency difference ⁇ f between the two signals sigl and sig2 is determined in the mixer MIX, which is usually followed by a low-pass filter, which eliminates the high-frequency mixing components.
- the spectrum shown in FIG. 3 results.
- the amplitudes of the monofrequency signal components A sig are higher, the lower the time offset ⁇ between the signals sigl and sig2.
- the amplitude of the broadband signal modsig is generally significantly smaller than the onofrequency signal components A slg , except in the special case in which the signals sigl and sig2 are relatively exactly offset by T, since the signal energy is distributed over a wide bandwidth.
- the two frequencies f up and f dn of the monofrequency signals are from this spectrum to determine. If these are known, the receiving device EE can be synchronized very precisely with the transmitting device SE.
- the method is not only applicable to the waveform shown in FIG. 2. If ramp-shaped signals are used, it is only necessary to use two ramp branches with different slopes in order to arrive at two different frequency values with which the frequency offset ⁇ f and the time offset T 0 ff can then be calculated. A somewhat more general case will now be considered as an example to explain the principle of synchronization.
- ⁇ represents the sweep rate and ⁇ the transit time of the signal from the transmitting device SE to the receiving device EE. If f s ⁇ gm ⁇ x (t) is measured successively for two different sweep rates ⁇ and ⁇ 2 and it is assumed that the quantities ⁇ f, T off and ⁇ , which are initially unknown in the unsynchronized case, do not, or at least only very little, between the two measurement solutions, there is a common system of equations with the following solutions for ⁇ f and T 0 f f :
- ⁇ f f b2 (t) - ⁇ 1 -f bl (t) - ⁇ 2 or _ ⁇ - ⁇ 2
- T ⁇ (f b 2 (t) -fbl (t)) + 2- t- ⁇ - ( ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 2 ) -2 - t- ( ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 2 ) + ⁇ - ( ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 2 ) ⁇ ° ff ⁇ - ( ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 2 )
- the time offset 0 f is known except for the signal transit time ⁇ and the two radio stations SE and EE can also be synchronized with respect to the time t.
- the following system topology and evaluation is proposed. If the signal of a station, that is to say both the center frequency and the modulation, are derived from a common reference frequency source, for example as shown later in FIG. 5, for example by mixing, multiplying or with the aid of phase / frequency control loops, so the proportionality factor ⁇ is always in an arithmetic relationship to the frequency offset ⁇ f. If the frequency offset ⁇ f is first determined as described above, the proportionality factor ⁇ and consequently also the time offset T off can be derived therefrom.
- the transmitter device SE and the receiver device EE run synchronously, ie both the signals sigl and sig2 are almost identical and the clock signals in CLKl and CLK2 are almost the same. As a result, the synchronization remains even over longer periods.
- the two radio stations SE and EE are clearly seen as clocks, then after successful synchronization the clocks run at the same speed and, with the exception of the signal delay ⁇ , also run exactly the same.
- the mixed frequency fsig m ix (t) is no longer a function of time, but constant. Deviates, the proportionality factor ⁇ only little from 1, the time dependence of f S igmix vernach ⁇ nores may also be in the un- synchronized case, what the analysis considerably simplified, since then the mixed signal f sig m ix with conventional spectral analysis, such as Fourier transformation can be determined averaged over the entire measurement period and does not have to determine the instantaneous frequency, ie the derivative of the signal phase.
- the waveforms as shown in FIG. 2 are again assumed.
- the explanations are of course also applicable to the general case.
- the following improvements to the synchronization procedure are advantageous in the execution of the system.
- the signals sigl and sig2 are offset relatively precisely by the time T and therefore the two frequencies f up and fdn cannot be detected or cannot be clearly detected.
- This special case is preferably treated in such a way that the receiver signal sig2 is always offset by preferably half the time T / 2 and a new measurement is started if the two frequencies f u and fdn cannot be clearly detected in the spectrum.
- the synchronization is preferably carried out adaptively in several steps.
- the embodiment from FIG. 1 is preferably expanded by a radio communication link V * from the receiving device EE to the transmitting device SE.
- This radio communication link V can be designed according to any state of the art and is therefore not described in detail here. It is only important that the receiving device EE reports to the Transmitter SE can transmit to control the synchronization process.
- the synchronization is preferably started exactly as described above, but with a significantly reduced modulation bandwidth B.
- the receiver signal sig2 selected the ramp signal with the smallest bandwidth and repeated this at least N times.
- the frequency analysis is also preferably carried out over a time range of 2NT. The frequencies of f up and f dn shown above then result for one of the N pairs of ramps.
- the ramp signal with the next higher bandwidth is used in the same way for the receiver signal sig2, etc., until the N ramps of this signal sig2 have reached the full bandwidth.
- the mixer mix can be designed both as a real-value mixer and as a quadrature mixer, which generates the real and imaginary part of the mixed signal sigmix. If the mixed signal sigmix is measured as a real value, the negative frequencies in the spectrum, as is generally known, are flipped at the zero point into the positive frequency range.
- a real-valued mixed signal sigmix it can make sense to select a certain non-zero intermediate frequency f zf for the mixed signal sigmix, e.g. to select the mixed signal sig2 so that the frequency offset ⁇ f is not zero even after complete synchronization, but the intermediate frequency f corresponds to zf .
- the evaluation and control device ASE preferably comprises an analog / digital converter AD, a memory for digital recording of the mixed signal sigmix and a processor ⁇ P for spectral analysis and for controlling the clock device CLK2 or for generating and controlling the signal sig2 of the receiving device EE.
- the signal generators are preferably implemented using a frequency synthesizer with a phase locked loop, a digital signal generator or a DDS module (Direct Digital Synthesis).
- the frequency synthesizer can be implemented according to any state of the art, for example with programmable fractional or integer dividers or with a DDS module. Whether the signals are adjusted as shown via the clock devices CLKl and CLK2 or by other means, e.g. directly via a frequency synthesizer or a DDS arrangement or whether the signal pattern of the signal generator is recalculated is of course not decisive for the function of the method as long as the resulting signals sigl and sig2 and their adaptation described correspond to the above statements or can be attributed to them.
- the waveforms are generated in a low-frequency baseband and then using a fixed frequency oscillator e.g. mixed up in the microwave range.
- a fixed frequency oscillator e.g. mixed up in the microwave range.
- the method is of course not fixed to a specific frequency range or to a specific wave type, but e.g. applicable to acoustic waves, electromagnetic waves. All that is important is the ability to modulate the source and the ability to mix the sigl and sig2 signals.
- the mixing process, e.g. multiplication can of course also be carried out arithmetically in a computing device at suitable frequencies.
- FIG. 5 A possible embodiment is shown in FIG. 5.
- the system is designed here in such a way that the station can function both as a transmitting and a receiving device.
- This combined station essentially consists of an antenna A for transmitting and receiving signals sigl or sig2.
- a switch SW is connected to the antenna, which switches between a reception and a transmission mode and couples the antenna A to corresponding modules.
- the output of the switch ' SW for received signals sigl is connected to a mixer MIX.
- a second input of the mixer MIX is connected to a signal source VCO, as described above.
- the output of the mixer MIX, via which the mixed signal sigmix is output, is connected to a filter FLT1, the output of which leads to the actual evaluation and control device ASE.
- This consists in particular of an analog / digital converter AD and a microprocessor ⁇ P.
- the output of the microprocessor ⁇ P is connected to a DDS module DDS or a corresponding arrangement.
- the microprocessor ⁇ P and the DDS module DDS each have a further input for supplying a clock signal from a clock generator CLK.
- the output of the DDS module DDS is connected to a signal generator SGEN2 (2) if it is not designed as a component of this.
- the signal generator SGEN2 (2) consists of a large number of components, in particular the signal source VCO, the output of which leads to the mixer MIX, a power amplifier PA and a frequency divider T, the frequency divider T for dividing the signal frequency f of the signal sig2 to an integer fraction f / N, a further mixer MIX2, the inputs of which are connected to the clock source CLK and the frequency divider T, a second filter FLT2, the input of which is connected to the further mixer MIX2, a phase comparator or phase comparator Phcmp ⁇ , the inputs of which are connected to the second filter FLT2 and the DDS module DDS are connected, and a filter FLT3 whose input is connected to the output of the phase comparator Phcmp and whose output is connected to the input of the signal source VCO.
- the switch SW selects whether the signal generated by the VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) is transmitted via the power amplifier PA or whether the signal received via the antenna A is mixed in the mixer MIX with the signal generated in the signal source VCO.
- VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
- the signal generation takes place in the exemplary embodiment shown with a DDS frequency synthesizer.
- the frequency of the clock source or of the fixed frequency oscillator CLK serves as the base clock.
- the base clock is used to derive all signals, frequencies and time variables for the system, ie the processor ⁇ P and the DDS module DDS.
- the DDS module DDS, the phase comparator Phcmp, the second and third filters FLT2 and FLT3, the signal source VCO, the further mixer MIX2 and the frequency divider T form a frequency synthesizer according to the prior art.
- the frequency synthesizer could of course also be implemented according to another prior art.
- the DDS module DDS can be replaced by a divider programmable by processor ⁇ P or a digital function generator, i.e. a memory with a stored waveform and D / A converter, or a frequency synthesizer with fractional PLL (phase lock loop) or e.g. the mixer MIX2 can be omitted.
- the VCO frequency of the signal source or transmitting device VCO is tuned by the bandwidth B from the starting frequency fstart using the DDS module DDS, and the frequency f up is determined in a corresponding first measurement and fstart in a further measurement with the reverse sweep direction, ie from FSTA r t + B, starting without the frequency f Dn is determined, can be based on the determined frequencies f up and f Dn the following solutions for the frequency offset .DELTA.f and the time offset Derive T 0 ff from the relationships shown above:
- the frequencies f Up and f Dn are determined in the exemplary embodiment after A / D conversion of the mixed signal sigmix in the processor ⁇ C with the aid of the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) or another known spectral analysis method.
- FFT fast Fourier transformation
- the method can be used very advantageously in time-synchronous bus systems.
- a communication system based on any State of the art is expanded by the described embodiment.
- After successful synchronization it is then possible, for example, to transmit instructions or instruction sequences with time stamps by radio and to process the instructions or instruction sequences with high precision, for example in the microsecond range or even in the nanosecond range, according to the specified time schedule.
- This can be necessary in particular if, as shown in FIG. 6, several communication devices KE are instructed by a main or master station ME, for example in the case of a machine tool in which several processing devices are addressed by radio, the work processes of which are very critical in terms of time are coupled together. All communication devices are then synchronized with the master device using the method according to the invention.
- the synchronization with the described method can also be carried out exactly in such a way that an exact channel length measurement, i.e. the distance between two communication devices, e.g. can take place in a time-division multiplex mode according to a "challenge-response method".
- a first station KE 1 or ME sends a signal to a second station KE 2, which in turn transmits a response signal back after an agreed period of time.
- the signal delay and thus the radio channel length can then be calculated from the time difference between the query and response, taking into account the agreed time period.
- this method usually fails because two spatially separate systems cannot agree on an exact time period, in particular no longer time period, since their clock bases are not identical.
- the synchronization allows a highly precise adjustment of the clocks.
- the time synchronization can be further improved by taking the signal propagation times into account.
- the system according to the method can also be used very advantageously for measuring and characterizing radio channels.
- the system is particularly suitable for the detection and evaluation of multiple reflections. If multiple reflections occur, ie the transmitted signal of the transmitting station does not only reach the receiving station via one but several paths of different lengths, the spectrum from FIG. 2 changes in the way as shown in FIG. 7.
- additional spectral lines f up2 , fdm ..., f up ⁇ , fcin ⁇
- the frequency differences between the lines can be very useful simply calculate the transit time differences or the length differences of the transmission paths.
- each transmission path must be assigned an exact transmission loss.
- the entire transmission channel must therefore be analyzed in great detail. Based on such an analysis according to the method, it would be possible to improve communication systems by adapting the coding scheme of the data transmission or the data rate of the communication system to the respective channel properties depending on the situation. This can ensure improved transmission security and an increased effective data rate. It is also feasible to take the measured channel properties into account when evaluating the data stream, for example with the aid of a refolding that compensates for the different lengths and attenuations of the transmission paths.
- the synchronization signals shown have very good autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties, so that it is also possible to transmit a data stream in parallel, that is to say at the same time, with the synchronization signals.
- the correlation properties of the synchronization signals also have the effect that the system and method according to the method are generally very robust against interference from other radio systems.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP02798244.6A EP1449319B1 (de) | 2001-11-26 | 2002-11-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur synchronisation von funkstationen und zeitsynchrones funkbussystem |
JP2003548435A JP3870194B2 (ja) | 2001-11-26 | 2002-11-19 | 無線局を同期させるための方法と装置及び時間同期された無線バスシステム |
CN028235223A CN1628429B (zh) | 2001-11-26 | 2002-11-19 | 同步无线站的方法与装置和时间同步的无线总线系统 |
US10/496,886 US7940743B2 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2002-11-19 | Method and device for the synchronization of radio stations and a time-synchronous radio bus system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE10157931A DE10157931C2 (de) | 2001-11-26 | 2001-11-26 | Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Synchronisation von Funkstationen und zeitsynchrones Funkbussystem |
DE10157931.4 | 2001-11-26 |
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WO2003047137A2 true WO2003047137A2 (de) | 2003-06-05 |
WO2003047137A3 WO2003047137A3 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
WO2003047137A8 WO2003047137A8 (de) | 2003-10-16 |
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PCT/DE2002/004263 WO2003047137A2 (de) | 2001-11-26 | 2002-11-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur synchronisation von funkstationen und zeitsynchrones funkbussystem |
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US (1) | US7940743B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1449319B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3870194B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1628429B (de) |
DE (1) | DE10157931C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003047137A2 (de) |
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- 2002-11-19 CN CN028235223A patent/CN1628429B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-19 EP EP02798244.6A patent/EP1449319B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-19 JP JP2003548435A patent/JP3870194B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-19 WO PCT/DE2002/004263 patent/WO2003047137A2/de active Application Filing
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Cited By (11)
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WO2007137573A1 (de) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-06 | Symeo Gmbh | Funksender, funkempfänger, system und verfahren mit funksender und funkempänger |
US8559554B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2013-10-15 | Symeo Gmbh | Radio transmitter, radio receiver, system and method with a radio transmitter and radio receiver |
KR101564556B1 (ko) * | 2006-05-31 | 2015-11-02 | 지메오 게엠베하 | 무선 전송기, 무선 수신기, 무선 전송기 및 무선 수신기를 가진 시스템 및 방법 |
EP2093913A2 (de) | 2008-02-22 | 2009-08-26 | Symeo GmbH | Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zur Synchronisation von Uhren in einem Netz |
DE102008010536A1 (de) | 2008-02-22 | 2009-08-27 | Symeo Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zur Synchronisation von Uhren in einem Netz |
US8108558B2 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2012-01-31 | Symeo Gmbh | Circuit arrangement and method for synchronization of clocks in a network |
WO2017118621A1 (de) * | 2016-01-04 | 2017-07-13 | Symeo Gmbh | Verfahren und system zur verringerung von störungen durch phasenrauschen in einem radarsystem |
CN108603928A (zh) * | 2016-01-04 | 2018-09-28 | 西梅奥有限公司 | 用于降低由雷达系统中的相位噪声引起的干扰的方法和系统 |
US11016169B2 (en) | 2016-01-04 | 2021-05-25 | Symeo Gmbh | Method and system for reducing interference caused by phase noise in a radar system |
WO2020108814A1 (de) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-04 | Symeo Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung für nicht-kohärente verteilte radarsysteme mit vollduplexübertragung |
CN112955772A (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2021-06-11 | 西梅奥有限公司 | 用于全双工传输的非相干分布式雷达系统的方法和装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1449319A2 (de) | 2004-08-25 |
JP2005510947A (ja) | 2005-04-21 |
US7940743B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 |
WO2003047137A3 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
DE10157931C2 (de) | 2003-12-11 |
EP1449319B1 (de) | 2017-10-04 |
US20050030935A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
WO2003047137A8 (de) | 2003-10-16 |
CN1628429A (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
DE10157931A1 (de) | 2003-06-12 |
JP3870194B2 (ja) | 2007-01-17 |
CN1628429B (zh) | 2010-12-01 |
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