Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
  • A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
  • A62C3/0292—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires by spraying extinguishants directly into the fire

Definitions

• the invention relates to a system for fire fighting in a tunnel, in particular a road tunnel, with nozzle lines running along a tunnel ceiling, divided into longitudinal sections, connected to nozzles to form a spray or receiving such nozzles, each of which is connected in sections to a pressure line via a valve an extinguishing liquid is connected, and with a control device for the valves between the pressure line and nozzle line connected to a device for local detection of fire sources.
• EP 1103284 A2 For fighting fires in a road tunnel, it is known (EP 1103284 A2) to lay nozzle lines with nozzles to form a spray mist along the tunnel ceiling and to connect them in sections to a pressure line for extinguishing water, so that in the event of a fire the nozzle lines, which are divided into sections, are sectioned from the section Extinguishing water can be supplied to the pressure line.
• a device that locally detects a source of fire in the tunnel is provided, which acts on a control device for actuating the valves between the pressure line and the nozzle line.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a fire-fighting system in a tunnel, in particular a road tunnel, of the type described at the outset in such a way that thermal overloading of the tunnel ceiling by hot flue gases during a fire can be ruled out.
• the invention achieves the stated object in that, in addition to main nozzles directed against a base region of the tunnel, secondary nozzles with a smaller nozzle diameter than the main nozzles are provided for generating a spray mist in an upper tunnel region outside the spray region of the main nozzles.
• the smaller nozzle diameters of the secondary nozzles require finer liquid droplets, so that a large one Surface of the sprayed extinguishing liquid results, whereby rapid cooling is used due to the removal of the heat of vaporization from the hot flue gases.
• the larger liquid droplets of the extinguishing liquid sprayed through the main nozzles cause the penetration force of the spray generated by the main nozzles to fight the source of the fire in the floor area.
• the spray axes of the secondary nozzles can form an angle of at least 45 °, preferably of 50 to 70 °, with the spray axes of the adjacent main nozzles. This angular displacement of the spray axes between the main and secondary nozzles allows the main and secondary nozzles to be combined into common spray heads without having to fear the unification of the spray areas desired in known spray heads with main and secondary nozzles to form a common, more powerful spray cone.
• the spray axis of the latter must be aligned so that the tunnel ceiling is essentially not sprayed directly with extinguishing liquid. This means that the angular displacement of the secondary nozzles relative to the main nozzles is limited to preferably 70 °.
• the diameter ratio of secondary nozzles and main nozzles is chosen between 0.2 and 0.6, then the respective requirements with regard to the droplet size and, depending on this, the penetration force are advantageously met.
• the smaller nozzle diameters of the secondary nozzles require a correspondingly lower fluid throughput through the secondary nozzles due to the constant pressure of the nozzle lines, so that the number of secondary nozzles compared to the main nozzles must be increased in order to supply the upper tunnel area with sprayed extinguishing liquid.
• the number of Side nozzles exceed those of the main nozzles at least twice, preferably three to five times.
• main and secondary nozzles can be combined to form nozzle heads, which makes it much easier to move the nozzles.
• a main nozzle with associated secondary nozzles is provided in a pipe section coaxial with the nozzle line, which has a radial main bore for receiving the main nozzle and axially and circumferentially offset secondary bores for the secondary nozzles.
• These pipe sections only need to be connected to further sections of the nozzle lines in order to ensure, when the main bore is aligned accordingly, that the extinguishing liquid is advantageously atomized on the one hand in spray areas directed towards the ground and on the other hand in spray areas which ensure the formation of fog in an upper tunnel area.
• the pipe section can advantageously have the main bore in its longitudinal center and, with an axial distance in front of and behind the main bore, two secondary bores, which are arranged symmetrically to an axial plane through the main bore at an angular offset of 45 to 70 °, so that they are arranged at regular intervals
• Pipe sections integrated into the nozzle lines with the nozzle bores ensure a continuous formation of spray mist in the tunnel in the area of the nozzle lines to which extinguishing liquid is applied.
• Fig. 1 shows an inventive system for fire fighting in a tunnel in a schematic block diagram
• Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of main and secondary nozzles of an inventive
• FIG. 3 shows a nozzle head for main and secondary nozzles according to the invention in one
• FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 shows a section along the line VV of FIG. 3.
• nozzle lines 4 are provided, which are divided into longitudinal sections 3 and into which main nozzles 5 and secondary nozzles 6 are integrated.
• the longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle lines 4 are each connected via a valve 7 to a pressure line 8 for an extinguishing liquid, generally extinguishing water.
• the pressure line 8 is preferably pressurized from both sides in order to ensure a sufficient minimum pressure for the extinguishing liquid over the length of the tunnel.
• the actuators 9 of the valves 7 are controlled via a control device 10, which is acted upon by a device 11 for local detection of susceptible fire sources in the road tunnel 1.
• the valve 7 is opened via the control device 10 for the longitudinal section 3 of the nozzle line 4 which is associated with the tunnel section with the source of the fire.
• the adjacent longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle line 4 are additionally connected to the pressure line 8 via the associated valves 7, so that extinguishing liquid is atomized over the area of three longitudinal sections to a mist filling the road tunnel in this area becomes.
• main nozzles 5 directed against the tunnel floor 12, but also associated with these main nozzles 5 are secondary nozzles 6, which have a smaller nozzle diameter than the main nozzles 5 and outside the spray area of the main nozzles 5 generate a spray mist in an upper tunnel area, as indicated in FIG. 2.
• the nozzle diameter of the main nozzles 5 can be, for example, 1.25 mm, that of the secondary nozzles 6 0.5 mm, which corresponds to a diameter ratio between secondary and main nozzles of 0.4.
• a correspondingly large number of auxiliary nozzles 6 is provided. So that the spray cones of the main and secondary nozzles 5, 6 do not significantly influence one another, the angular offset between the main and secondary nozzles is between 45 and 70 °.
• the angle between the secondary nozzles 5 arranged symmetrically to an axial plane through the main nozzle is 135 °, which corresponds to an angular offset to the main nozzle of 67 Vr.
• the pipe section 15 is provided with axially parallel flats 18 which run parallel to the main bore 16 and form contact surfaces for an open-ended wrench.
• the spray heads shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 result in a spray pattern in the longitudinal sections 3 of the nozzle lines, as is indicated for the middle of the three nozzle lines 4 in FIG. 2. Because of their larger nozzle diameter and the resulting droplet size of the atomized extinguishing liquid, the main nozzles 5 have a comparatively high penetration force, which also occurs at higher axial flow velocities within the tunnel 1 an effective control of a near-ground source of fire allows. Unaffected by the spray area 19 of the main nozzles 5, 6 spray areas 20 form in the area of the secondary nozzles, which supply an upper tunnel area with spray mist.
• the smaller nozzle diameter of the secondary nozzles 6 not only results in smaller liquid droplets, but also limits the spray width, so that the upper region of the tunnel following the tunnel ceiling 2 can be effectively protected against overloads caused by hot flue gases, which are cooled accordingly by the spray of the secondary nozzles 6 by removing the heat of vaporization necessary for the evaporation of the extinguishing liquid from the hot flue gases.
• the orientations of the nozzle heads successively in the axial direction can be offset relative to one another, as is indicated in FIG. 2 by the spray axes 21 of displaced main nozzles 5.

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=3688552

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (7)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 2001
  • 2001-10-17 AT AT0165001A patent/AT411571B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2002
  • 2002-10-16 AT AT02778977T patent/ATE481136T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-10-16 DE DE50214664T patent/DE50214664D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-10-16 DK DK02778977.5T patent/DK1436048T3/da active
  • 2002-10-16 EP EP02778977A patent/EP1436048B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-10-16 ES ES02778977T patent/ES2353111T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-10-16 SI SI200220034A patent/SI21405A/sl not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-10-16 WO PCT/AT2002/000297 patent/WO2003033079A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2004
  • 2004-05-07 NO NO20041896A patent/NO20041896L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events