WO2003007967A1 - Preparation medicale pour injection parenterale - Google Patents
Preparation medicale pour injection parenterale Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003007967A1 WO2003007967A1 PCT/JP2002/007190 JP0207190W WO03007967A1 WO 2003007967 A1 WO2003007967 A1 WO 2003007967A1 JP 0207190 W JP0207190 W JP 0207190W WO 03007967 A1 WO03007967 A1 WO 03007967A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- pharmaceutical preparation
- active ingredient
- preparation according
- basic substance
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical group OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003978 infusion fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 26
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940126534 drug product Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1.O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1 QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010008111 Cerebral haemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N R-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000097202 Rathbunia alamosensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009776 Rathbunia alamosensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032851 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004388 gamma ray sterilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002510 mandelic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003918 potentiometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012898 sample dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/19—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles lyophilised, i.e. freeze-dried, solutions or dispersions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a means for suppressing foaming that may occur when preparing a solution or suspension. More specifically, the present invention relates to a drug, a food, etc., which suppresses foaming at the time of preparing a solution or a suspension, which may cause some inconvenience.
- Background art
- Compound 1 is a drug for cerebrovascular disorders in the acute phase such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Has been described.
- Compound 1 is expected to be administered by intravenous drip infusion.
- the lyophilized preparation sealed in a vial or the like is once dissolved or suspended in water for injection or an infusion in a vial or the like, and further infused (about 100 to 500 ml). , PH 6-7).
- Vigorous bubbling occurs when mixing vigorously when dissolving and suspending in a nodial, etc., which makes it difficult to transfer all of the active ingredient when mixing with an infusion, resulting in an error in the dosage.
- the dose of this compound was increased to about 300 mg, problems such as foaming preventing re-dissolution were observed. When stirring, gently stir on a desk etc. Although it is possible, such use is expected to be difficult in actual medical practice, and suppression of foaming has been an issue. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have found that foaming is suppressed by adjusting the pH using a basic substance based on the dissociation constant of the present compound, and completed the present invention.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-1124481 discloses a freeze-dried preparation that uses a silicon-coated vial as a preparation container to prevent bubbles generated during re-dissolution from adhering to the inner surface of the vial, and that quickly becomes clear.
- defoaming in the pharmaceutical field.
- methods such as defoaming by adding silicone and alcohol, and mechanical foam breaking are used. That is, according to a first aspect of the present invention, the active ingredient has the following conditions:
- the dissociation constant (pKa value) is 8 or more
- R 1 represents hydrogen or a metabolic ester residue
- R 2 represents hydrogen or — R 3 — R 4 (where R 3 is one S ⁇ 3 —, one CH 2 COO—, one COCOO— Or one C OR 5 COO— (where R 5 represents alkylene having 1 to 6 carbons or alkenylene having 2 to 6 carbons), and R 4 represents hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbons. Represents)
- the present invention provides a method for suppressing foaming during dissolution or suspension by dissociating the phenolic hydroxyl group when dissolving or suspending the compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group in an aqueous solvent; preferably Means that the compound has the following conditions:
- the dissociation constant (p Ka value) is 8 or more
- a method for suppressing foaming that satisfies the condition that the surface tension measured by the Wi 1 hel my method (the solvent is water and the measurement temperature is 25 ° C) is 6 OmNZm or less when the compound concentration is 30 to 4 OmM.
- the dissociation means uses a basic substance, and more preferably, a method for suppressing foaming in which the basic substance has a pH of 8.5 or more in a solution or suspension state.
- the present invention relates to a method for suppressing foaming, wherein the compound is the compound represented by the above formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof.
- the present invention relates to the pharmaceutical formulation according to the first embodiment, which contains 0.5 to 20 mg of a basic substance per 10 Omg of the active ingredient. More preferably, the present invention relates to the medicament of the first aspect, which is obtained by adding 5 to 2 Omg of a basic substance to 10 Omg of the compound represented by the formula (I) or a solvate thereof. Formulation. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides the method for suppressing foaming according to the second aspect, wherein the compound is a compound represented by the formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof. And a method by adding 0.5 mg to 2 Omg of a basic substance to 10 Omg of the compound.
- the present invention can be applied to an active ingredient having a dissociation constant (p Ka value) of 8 or more.
- the dissociation constant of the active ingredient can be measured by a method known to those skilled in the art, such as a potentiometric titration method.
- the pKa value of a preferable active ingredient in the present invention is from 8 to 10, more preferably from 8.5 to 9.5. If the pKa value is too high, it is necessary to increase the pH in order to dissociate the phenolic hydroxyl group, and it is necessary to readjust the pH before administration, which is not practical. On the other hand, if the pKa value is too low, no foaming is observed during dissolution or suspension, and there is no point in using the present invention.
- “Surface tension measured by Wilhelmy method” in the present invention refers to active ingredient alone Is dissolved or suspended in water to form an aqueous solution or suspension having an active ingredient concentration of 30 to 4 OmM, and means the surface tension measured by the Wilhelmy method at 25 ° C.
- the Wilhelmy method is a well-known method for measuring surface tension (physical physics chemistry (Nanjiang), K122 Determination of Surface Tension, CMC and Synergic Effects Users Manual (Kruess).
- the end of the metal plate is vertically suspended in a liquid, and the thin plate is attracted downward, and the force of the liquid is measured.
- the preferred active ingredient in the present invention is, as described above, a compound represented by the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable compound thereof. Or solvates thereof.
- a metabolic ester residue means an ester residue that is chemically or metabolically degraded to give a pharmaceutically active compound in vivo.
- Simple aliphatic or aromatic esters derived from the acidic groups of the original compound are preferred ester residues. More preferably, it is a C1-C6 alkyl ester of an acidic group (eg, methyl ester, ethyl ester).
- double ester prodrugs such as (acyloxy) alkyl esters or ((alkoxycarbonyl) oxy) alkyl esters can also be prepared.
- the alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, and hexamethylene.
- Alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms means a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propynole, i-propyl, n-butynole, i-butynole , S—Puchinore, t—Buchinore, n—Pentinore, i—Pentinore, Neopentinore, s—Pentinore, t—Pentinore, n—Hexinore, Neohexinore, i —Hexyl, s-hexyl, and t-hexyl.
- the “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” of a compound in the active ingredient is a salt obtained by reacting with a suitable organic or inorganic acid or organic or inorganic base.
- suitable organic or inorganic acid or organic or inorganic base examples include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, hydroiodic acid, and the like.
- Examples of salts with organic acids include salts with formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, cunic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, asconolevic acid, lactic acid, and the like.
- the TO group examples include triethylamine, pyridine and the like.
- examples of inorganic bases include alkali metals (eg, Na, K) and alkaline earth metals (eg, Ca, Mg).
- the solvate includes an organic solvent and a solvate with Z or water, and an arbitrary number of solvent molecules may be coordinated to one molecule of the compound as an active ingredient.
- the basic substance is not particularly limited as long as the pH of the solution or suspension of the active ingredient can be adjusted to 8.5 or more, and in particular, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide And the like.
- the amount of the basic substance is preferably 0.5 to 2 Omg per 10 Omg of the active ingredient.
- the pH of the solution or suspension of the active ingredient containing a basic substance is 8.5 or more, preferably pH 9 to 9.8.
- the amount of the basic substance “contained” by the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention is expressed based on the amount of the basic substance added to 10 Omg of the active ingredient when the pharmaceutical preparation is prepared. Changes in the amount due to salt formation with phenolic hydroxyl groups shall not be taken into account.
- the “solution or suspension state” includes any state in which the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitable aqueous solvent.
- a suitable aqueous solvent Preferably, from 10 to 50 Omg, more preferably from 100 to 40 Omg, most preferably from 250 to 350 mg of the active ingredient, from 1 to 500 ml, preferably from 1 to 50 ml, more preferably from 5 to 20 ml of the aqueous solvent.
- the aqueous solvent is preferably water for injection, infusion solution (physiological saline, amino acid-containing infusion solution, etc.) or buffer solution (phosphate buffer solution, etc.), and more preferably water for injection or infusion solution having a pH of about 5 to 6.
- the active ingredient of the intended pharmaceutical preparation is a compound represented by the above formula (I) Or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof (preferably compound 1),
- the compound (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof (preferably the compound 1) is 0.5 to 5 mg, preferably 1 to 3 mg, of a basic substance per 10 Omg of the compound (I). More preferably, 1.5 to 2.5 mg is added,
- a solution or suspension having a pH of 8.5 or more can be obtained by any one of the above methods.
- Both of the pharmaceutical preparations prepared by the above methods (A) and (B) are included in "pharmaceutical preparations containing 0.5 to 2 Omg of a basic substance per 10 Omg of the active ingredient".
- the compound in addition to the method of adding a basic substance to the compound of the desired active ingredient, the compound may differ in the state of salt formation.
- the same drug product is prepared by various methods by adding a basic substance in an amount corresponding to the state of salt formation to the compound (including free compound (for example, free acid)) can do.
- the liquid can be transferred to an infusion bag, etc. after making the solution or suspension in a vial or the like, and then administered. Even if the value is 8.5 or less, there is no problem because the object of the present invention has already been achieved.
- the pharmaceutical preparation can be in any form, and it is sufficient that the pH in a solution or suspension is 8.5 or more. Therefore, the pharmaceutical preparations of the present invention include solutions, suspensions, and lyophilized preparations (including infusion kit preparations such as double bag preparations).
- the invention further relates to a sugar (eg glucose, maltose, ratatose, sucrose, fructose, mannitol, preferably mannitol) or an amino acid (preferably neutral amino acid, preferably glycine, alanine, more preferably Alanine).
- a sugar eg glucose, maltose, ratatose, sucrose, fructose, mannitol, preferably mannitol
- an amino acid preferably neutral amino acid, preferably glycine, alanine, more preferably Alanine.
- the content of the sugar or amino acid is preferably 25% (wZw) or more of the active ingredient, more preferably 40% to 60% (w / w), and most preferably 50% (w / w).
- the foaming suppressing method of the present invention can be used not only in medicine, but also in the fields of food and general chemistry, in all cases where foaming is inconvenient. That is, the present invention provides 1) a phenolic hydroxyl group, 2) a dissociation constant (pK a value) of 8 or more, and 3) a Wi 1 he 1 my method (solvent is water, measurement temperature Is measured at 25 ° C) .
- solvent is water, measurement temperature Is measured at 25 ° C
- the aqueous solvent in the present invention is typically water, infusion solution (eg, physiological saline, amino acid-containing infusion solution, etc.), buffer solution, water for injection, preferably water for injection or infusion.
- infusion solution eg, physiological saline, amino acid-containing infusion solution, etc.
- buffer solution water for injection
- the present invention also provides a method for suppressing foaming during storage of a solution or suspension, characterized by dissociating a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- a preferred dissociation means is to use a basic substance, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
- Fig. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the compound 1 concentration and the surface tension at pH 7-7.5 and pH 9.5.
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of foaming and pH according to the Ross-Miles foaming test method.
- the compound to be measured is weighed and dissolved or suspended in a fixed amount of distilled water. In this way, prepare 50 ml of each concentration of the aqueous solution sample.
- the plate used for the measurement is a rectangle with a width of 19 mm and a height of 10 and is usually made of platinum with a thickness of 0.2. Plates are burned with a gas burner before starting measurement to remove any residue attached to the plate surface. Wash the plate with distilled water and acetone after each sample measurement, and dry.
- the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention can be produced by a conventional method according to the dosage form.
- an injection for example, it may be produced by the following method.
- the tools and materials used in the production are pre-sterilized by conventional methods (for example, high-pressure steam sterilization, dry heat sterilization, ⁇ -ray sterilization, etc.) in consideration of the form of non-sterile products, heat resistance, pressure resistance, etc. .
- the active ingredient and, if necessary, the sugar are weighed, placed in a dissolving vessel, added with an appropriate amount of a solvent (eg, water for injection), and dissolved or suspended with stirring.
- a solvent eg, water for injection
- concentration of the solution or suspension may be determined in consideration of the type of the solvent, the solubility of the active ingredient in the solvent, and the concentration at the time of re-dissolution.
- a basic substance for example, an aqueous solution of 0.1 to 10 mol ZL, preferably an aqueous solution of 1 mol 1 ZL is added to adjust the pH to 8.5 or more.
- the solution or suspension thus obtained is sterile filtered by a conventional method. If necessary, prior to aseptic filtration, coarse filtration for the purpose of removing decomposed products and contaminants may be performed.
- the desired injection can be obtained by dispensing the aseptic filtrate into vials and the like as appropriate, and freeze-drying in a conventional manner.
- Compound 1 was dissolved in distilled water to prepare 50 ml of aqueous solutions of various concentrations.
- the surface tension meter (Kruess K12) and measurement control ⁇ The analysis PC was started, and the surface tension measurement software (Kruess K122) was opened. Thermostatic water bath at the measurement site of the surface tension meter The temperature was kept constant at 25 ° C by circulating water from the power source. The glass vessel (diameter 65 mm, height 40 illuminated) containing the test sample was thoroughly washed with water, and finally washed with acetone and dried.
- the measurement plate was made of platinum with a width of 19 mm and a height of 10 mm, and a thickness of 0.2 mm.
- the plate was burned with a gas burner before the measurement was started in order to remove the residue remaining on the plate surface.
- the plate was washed with distilled water and acetone for each measurement of each sample, and dried.
- a blank measurement was performed. 40 ml of distilled water was placed in the washed vessel and set on a surface tensiometer. The tip of the plate was immersed at a depth of 2 mm from the surface of the water using the surface automatic detection function of the surface tension meter. In this state, the surface tension was measured. A graph of surface tension versus time is displayed on the personal computer, but the surface tension value was almost stable one minute after the measurement, so the value was recorded and the measurement was stopped. This measurement operation was repeated twice, and the average value was obtained.
- the sample was measured.
- 40 ml of various concentrations of an aqueous sample solution (compound 1 aqueous solution, pH 7 to 7.5) were placed, and set on a surface tensiometer.
- the tip of the plate was immersed to a depth of 2 mm from the solution surface.
- the surface tension was measured.
- a graph of the surface tension against time is displayed on the personal computer. If the surface tension value was almost stable one minute after the measurement, the value was recorded and the measurement was stopped. If the surface tension value did not stabilize and increased or decreased, the measurement was continued (after about 1 to 2 minutes) until the value was stabilized, and the stabilized value was recorded. This measurement operation was repeated twice, and the average value was obtained.
- the surface tension value of Compound 1 at a concentration of 37.6 mM and a temperature of 25 ° C was 53.9 ⁇ 0. It was 2 mN / m.
- This preparation was roughly filtered through a 0.45 / zm filter, and further sterile filtered through a 0.22 / _tm filter.
- the sterile filtrate was dispensed at 6.0 g (within ⁇ 1%) per plate and freeze-dried.
- the liquid was pre-frozen at ⁇ 40 ° C., then primary dried at ⁇ 5 ° C. and 10 Pa for at least 24 hours, and further secondary dried at 60 ° C. and 2 Pa for 5 hours.
- the cap was wrapped around the dial to prepare an injectable preparation.
- Example 1 After the formulation prepared in Example 1 was stored at 50 ° C for 2 months, the amount of hydrolyzate generated by hydrolysis was compared using liquid mouth chromatography.
- Representative decomposition products are as follows.
- Compound A Compound B Table 2 shows the relationship between the content of compound 1, the amount of degraded product, and the amount of D-mannitol added in the drug product before storage and after storage at 50 ° C for 2 months.
- High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the measurement. The HPLC measurement conditions are shown below.
- Injection volume 20 ⁇ L (when measuring impurities): 10 L (when quantifying compound 1) Detection wavelength: 275 nm
- Table 2 shows that the addition of D-mannitol suppresses the formation of degradation product Compound A. This also indicates that the decrease in the content of Compound 1 is suppressed.
- the foaming suppressing method of the present invention can be used when preparing a solution or suspension of a food or a medicine, and is useful for smooth production and processing of a food, accurate administration of a medicine, and the like.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02746074A EP1407775A4 (en) | 2001-07-17 | 2002-07-16 | MEDICAL PREPARATION FOR PARENTERAL INJECTION |
MXPA04000450A MXPA04000450A (es) | 2001-07-17 | 2002-07-16 | Preparacion medica para inyeccion parenteral. |
JP2003513573A JP4636795B2 (ja) | 2001-07-17 | 2002-07-16 | 注射用医薬製剤 |
KR1020047000735A KR100896375B1 (ko) | 2001-07-17 | 2002-07-16 | 주사용 의약 제제 |
US10/483,772 US7645793B2 (en) | 2001-07-17 | 2002-07-16 | Injectable pharmaceutical formulations |
CA2453996A CA2453996C (en) | 2001-07-17 | 2002-07-16 | Injectable pharmaceutical formulations |
BR0211269-8A BR0211269A (pt) | 2001-07-17 | 2002-07-16 | Formulações farmacêuticas injetáveis |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001-216617 | 2001-07-17 | ||
JP2001216617 | 2001-07-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2003007967A1 true WO2003007967A1 (fr) | 2003-01-30 |
Family
ID=19051074
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2002/007190 WO2003007967A1 (fr) | 2001-07-17 | 2002-07-16 | Preparation medicale pour injection parenterale |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7645793B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1407775A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4636795B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100896375B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1286462C (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0211269A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2453996C (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA04000450A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI232102B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003007967A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004108163A1 (ja) * | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-16 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | 低帯電性粉末の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TWI335335B (en) | 2004-03-24 | 2011-01-01 | Shionogi & Co | A novel crystal of a triterpene derivative |
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EP0261426A1 (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1988-03-30 | The Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company | Freeze-dried pharmaceutical compositions of phenylquinoline carboxylic acids |
US5089503A (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1992-02-18 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Temperature stable 5-fluorouracil compositions |
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US5955456A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1999-09-21 | Sanofi | Injectable pharmaceutical composition comprising ursodesoxycholic acid or tauroursodesoxycholic acid, a strong base and tromethamol |
EP1050301A1 (en) * | 1998-01-19 | 2000-11-08 | Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. | Medicinal compositions |
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- 2002-07-15 TW TW091115682A patent/TWI232102B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-16 KR KR1020047000735A patent/KR100896375B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-16 CN CNB028180070A patent/CN1286462C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-16 MX MXPA04000450A patent/MXPA04000450A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-07-16 WO PCT/JP2002/007190 patent/WO2003007967A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2002-07-16 JP JP2003513573A patent/JP4636795B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-16 EP EP02746074A patent/EP1407775A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-07-16 BR BR0211269-8A patent/BR0211269A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-16 CA CA2453996A patent/CA2453996C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-16 US US10/483,772 patent/US7645793B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US5089503A (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1992-02-18 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Temperature stable 5-fluorouracil compositions |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR0211269A (pt) | 2004-08-03 |
JPWO2003007967A1 (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
EP1407775A1 (en) | 2004-04-14 |
TWI232102B (en) | 2005-05-11 |
CN1286462C (zh) | 2006-11-29 |
EP1407775A4 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
CA2453996A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
CN1555265A (zh) | 2004-12-15 |
CA2453996C (en) | 2011-01-11 |
US7645793B2 (en) | 2010-01-12 |
KR100896375B1 (ko) | 2009-05-08 |
US20040162344A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
KR20040018470A (ko) | 2004-03-03 |
MXPA04000450A (es) | 2004-03-18 |
JP4636795B2 (ja) | 2011-02-23 |
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