Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
  • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
  • C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
  • C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
  • C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds

Definitions

• the invention relates to flame-retardant, mineral-reinforced polycarbonate compositions with high modulus of elasticity, good heat resistance, excellent ner processing behavior and with improved weld line strength.
• PC / AB S compositions polycarbonate / acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
• inorganic filler contains 4 to 18% by weight of an inorganic filler, its particles have an average diameter / thickness ratio of 4 to 24.
• the inorganic filler is a platelet-like material such as talc and mica.
• the molding compositions described are not flame retardant.
• EP-A 0 754 531 describes, inter alia, PC / ABS compositions which are flame-retardant with an oligophosphate derived from bisphenol-A and contain platelet-shaped ner reinforcing substances.
• WO 00/46298 describes PC / ABS blends which are flame-retardant with organophosphorus compounds and contain 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of talc.
• Molding compositions with platelet-shaped fillers as described in the documents mentioned above generally have an insufficient weld line strength.
• PC / ABS molding compositions with fibrous mineral fillers are also known.
• US Pat. No. 5,965,655 describes PC / ABS compositions containing wollastonite, which are distinguished in particular by improved surface characteristics, a so-called class A surface.
• the preferred wool astonites have an average aspect ratio, ie a ratio of fiber length to fiber diameter of up to 6. Show molding compounds with such wollastonites usually insufficient stiffness, ie insufficient tensile / flexural modulus.
• the molding compositions described are not flame retardant.
• the PC / ABS molding compositions of WO 98/51737 which are characterized by improved heat resistance, flowability, low-temperature toughness and dimensional stability, are also not flame-retardant.
• the underlying compositions contain 1 to 15 parts by weight of a mineral filler such as talc or wollastonite with an average largest particle size of 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m. In the case of fibrous fillers such as wollastonites with a high aspect ratio, this limit is generally exceeded.
• the molding compositions of EP-A 1 038 920 containing a special melt polycarbonate, ABS and 5 to 200 parts by weight of a reinforcing filler are also not flame-retardant.
• EP-A 1 026 205 describes flame-retardant PC / ABS compositions with a low chlorine content, which contain 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a silicate filler and which are characterized in particular by excellent resistance to hydrolysis. Talc and mica, but also wool astonite, are used as fillers.
• the molding compositions described have inadequate flame retardancy, heat resistance, poor ESC content and can cause undesirable tool deposits during injection molding due to bleeding of the flame retardant additive, known as juicing. This also applies to the PC / ABS molding compositions described in JP-A 11/199768, which contain only 0.5 to 5% by weight of an inorganic filler and therefore also have a poor rigidity for many applications.
• the object on which the invention is based is to provide mineral-reinforced flame-retardant polycarbonate compositions which, with excellent flame-retardancy, in particular also with thin wall thicknesses, high rigidity, heat resistance and toughness, through an excellent ner processing behavior, ie through good flowability and extreme low tendency to Formation of deposits on the tool surfaces in injection molding processing, excellent ESC (environmental stress cracking) preservation and, in particular, markedly improved weld line strength.
• Molding compositions of this type can be used to produce moldings of any kind, in particular thin-walled parts, to which increased demands are placed on mechanical properties and flame protection.
• the invention furthermore relates to moldings containing this polycarbonate composition.
• the polycarbonate compositions according to the invention have a high modulus of elasticity of> 3.5 GPa.
• compositions according to the invention particularly preferably achieve
• the compositions according to the invention contain a wollastonite with an average aspect ratio of preferably> 10, particularly preferably> 15.
• the so-called aspect ratio denotes the ratio of the largest and smallest particle dimensions of a particle. In the case of fibrous particles such as wollastonite, this is the ratio of their average length and average diameter.
• the wollastonites to be used according to the invention can have average fiber diameters of less than 15 ⁇ m, preferably ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
• the wollastonite to be used according to the invention can be used in the polycarbonate compositions in an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight and particularly preferably 8 to 15 parts by weight.
• Wollastonite is a calcium silicate of the ideal molecular formula Ca 3 [Si 3 O 9 ] and mostly forms coarse, radiant, stalky, leafy or fine-fiber masses, rarely tabular to acicular crystals. Various types are available commercially. This also applies to the wollastonite to be used according to the invention.
• polycarbonate compositions containing wollastonite with the specified aspect ratio have the desired properties and in particular have a high weld line strength and a high modulus of elasticity. This is surprising because talc with a corresponding aspect ratio as a silicate reinforcing material significantly reduces the weld line strength of PC / ABS molding compounds.
• the property profile desired according to the invention can be achieved by a polycarbonate composition which, in addition to the selected wollastonite, contains the following components:
• thermoplastic homo- and / or copolymer optionally a thermoplastic homo- and / or copolymer
• a phosphorus compound preferably an oligophosphate derived from bisphenolic compounds
• Aromatic polycarbonates and / or aromatic polyester carbonates according to component A which are suitable according to the invention are known from the literature or can be prepared by processes known from the literature (for the production of aromatic polycarbonates, see for example Schnell, “Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates", Interscience Publishers, 1964 and DE-AS 1 495 626 , DE-A 2 232 877, DE-A 2 703 376, DE-A 2 714 544, DE-A 3 000 610, DE-A 3 832 396; for the production of aromatic polyester carbonates, e.g. DE-A 3 077 934).
• aromatic polycarbonates takes place e.g. B. by reacting diphenols with carbonic acid halides, preferably phosgene and / or with aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides, preferably benzenedicarboxylic acid dihalogenides, by the phase interface method, optionally using chain terminators, for example monophenols and optionally using trifunctional or more than trifunctional branching agents, for example triphenols Tetra phenols.
• carbonic acid halides preferably phosgene and / or with aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides, preferably benzenedicarboxylic acid dihalogenides
• Diphenols for the preparation of the aromatic polycarbonates and / or aromatic polyester carbonates are preferably those of the formula (I)
• B each C. to C 12 alkyl, preferably methyl, halogen, preferably chlorine and / or bromine
• R 5 and R 6 can be selected individually for each X 1 , independently of one another hydrogen or C j to C 6 alkyl, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl,
• m is an integer from 4 to 7, preferably 4 or 5, with the proviso that at least one atom X 1 , R 5 and R 6 are simultaneously alkyl.
• Preferred diphenols are hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenols, bis (hydroxyphenyl) -C 1 -C 5 alkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) -C 5 -C 6 cycloalkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ketones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfones and ⁇ , ⁇ -bis (hydroxyphenyl) diisopropyl benzenes and their core-brominated and / or core-chlorinated derivatives.
• diphenols are 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, bisphenol-A, 2,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 1,1-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3.3.5-trimethylcyclohexane, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone and their di- and tetrabrominated or chlorinated
• the diphenols can be used individually or as any mixtures.
• the diphenols are known from the literature or can be obtained by processes known from the literature.
• Chain terminators suitable for the production of the thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates are, for example, phenol, p-chlorophenol, p-tert-butylphenol or
• 2,4,6-tribromophenol but also long-chain alkylphenols, such as 4- (1,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol according to DE-A 2 842 005 or monoalkylphenol or dialkylphenols with a total of 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl substituents, such as 3 , 5-di-tert-butylphenol, p-iso-octylphenol, p-tert-octylphenol, p-dodecylphenol and 2- (3,5-dimethylheptyl) phenol and 4- (3,5-dimethylheptyl) phenol ,
• the amount of chain terminators to be used is generally between 0.5 mol% and 10 mol%, based on the molar sum of the diphenols used in each case.
• thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates have average weight-average molecular weights (M w , measured, for example, by means of an ultracentrifuge or scattered light measurement) of 10,000 to 200,000, preferably 15,000 to 80,000.
• M w average weight-average molecular weights
• the thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates can be branched in a known manner, and preferably by incorporating 0.05 to 2.0 mol%, based on the sum of the diphenols used, of trifunctional or more than trifunctional compounds, for example those with three and more phenolic groups.
• copolycarbonates Both homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates are suitable.
• copolycarbonates according to the invention according to component A 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 25% by weight, based on the total amount of diphenols to be used, polydiorganosiloxanes with hydroxyaryloxy end groups can also be used. These are known (US 3,419,634) and can be produced by processes known from the literature. The production of polydiorganosiloxane-containing copolycarbonates is described in DE-A 3 334 782.
• preferred polycarbonates are the copolycarbonates of bisphenol A with up to 15 mol%, based on the molar sum of diphenols, of other diphenols mentioned as preferred or particularly preferred, in particular 2,2-bis (3,5- dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.
• Aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides for the production of aromatic polyester carbonates are preferably the diacid dichlorides of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, diphenyl ether-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid.
• Mixtures of the diacid dichlorides of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid in a ratio between 1:20 and 20: 1 are particularly preferred.
• a carbonic acid halide preferably phosgene
• the chain terminators for the preparation of the aromatic polyester carbonates include their chlorocarbonic acid esters and the acid chlorides of aromatic monocarboxylic acids, which may optionally be substituted by C 1 to C 22 alkyl groups or by halogen atoms, and aliphatic C 2 to C 2 monocarboxylic acid chlorides consideration.
• the amount of chain terminators is in each case 0.1 to 10 mol%, based on moles of diphenol in the case of the phenolic chain terminators and on moles of dicarboxylic acid dichloride in the case of monocarboxylic acid chloride chain terminators.
• the aromatic polyester carbonates can also contain aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids.
• the aromatic polyester carbonates can be linear or branched in a known manner (see DE-A 2 940024 and DE-A 3 007 934).
• Trifunctional carboxylic acid chlorides such as trimesic acid trichloride, cyanuric acid trichloride, 3,3 '-, 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarbonate acid tetrachloride or pyromellitic acid tetrachloride, in amounts of 0, for example, can be used as branching agents , 01 to 1.0 mol% (based on the dicarboxylic acid dichlorides used) or trifunctional or multifunctional phenols, such as phloroglucin, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -heptene-2,4, 4-dimethyl-2,4- 6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane, 1, 3, 5-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene, 1,1,1-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) - ethane, tri- (4-hydroxy
• Phenolic branching agents can be introduced with the diphenols, Acid chloride branching agents can be added together with the acid dichlorides.
• the proportion of carbonate structural units in the thermoplastic, aromatic polyester carbonates can vary as desired.
• the proportion is preferably
• Carbonate groups up to 100 mol%, in particular up to 80 mol%, particularly preferably up to 50 mol%, based on the sum of ester groups and carbonate groups. Both the ester and the carbonate content of the aromatic polyester carbonates can be present in the form of blocks or randomly distributed in the polycondensate.
• the relative solution viscosity ( ⁇ re ⁇ ) of the aromatic polycarbonates and polyester carbonates is in the range from 1.18 to 1.4, preferably from 1.20 to 1.32 (measured on solutions of 0.5 g of polycarbonate or polyester carbonate in 100 ml of methylene chloride solution at 25 ° C).
• thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates and polyester carbonates can be used alone or in any mixture.
• Component A can in the compositions according to the invention in a
• An amount of preferably 5 to 95 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 90 parts by weight and most preferably 50 to 85 parts by weight may be included.
• Component B comprises one or more graft polymers of
• Bl 5 to 95 preferably 30 to 90 wt.%, At least one vinyl monomer B.2 95 to 5, preferably 70 to 10% by weight of one or more graft bases with glass transition temperatures ⁇ 10 ° C, preferably ⁇ 0 ° C, particularly preferably ⁇ -20 ° C.
• the graft base B.2 generally has an average particle size (d 50 value) of 0.05 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.2 to 1 ⁇ m.
• Monomers B.l are preferably mixtures of
• Methacrylonitrile and / or (meth) acrylic acid (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl esters (such as methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate) and / or derivatives (such as anhydrides and hnides) of unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example maleic anhydride and N- phenyl-maleimide).
• C 1 -C 8 alkyl esters such as methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate
• derivatives such as anhydrides and hnides of unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example maleic anhydride and N- phenyl-maleimide).
• Preferred monomers B.l.l are selected from at least one of the monomers styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene and methyl methacrylate
• preferred monomers B.l.2 are selected from at least one of the monomers acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride and methyl methacrylate.
• Particularly preferred monomers are B.l.l styrene and B.1.2 acrylonitrile.
• Graft bases B.2 suitable for the graft polymers B are, for example, diene rubbers, EP (D) M rubbers, that is to say those based on ethylene / propylene and, if appropriate, diene, acrylate, polyurethane, silicone, chloroprene and ethylene / vinyl acetate rubbers
• Preferred peach bases B.2 are diene rubbers (for example based on butadiene, isoprene) or mixtures of diene rubbers or copolymers of diene rubbers or their mixtures with other copolymerizable monomers (for example according to B1 and B1), with the proviso that the glass transition temperature of
• Component B.2 is below ⁇ 10 ° C, preferably ⁇ 0 ° C, particularly preferably ⁇ -10 ° C. Pure polybutadiene rubber is particularly preferred.
• the gel fraction of the graft base B.2 is at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight (measured in toluene).
• the graft copolymers B are obtained by radical polymerization, e.g. prepared by emulsion, suspension, solution or bulk polymerization, preferably by emulsion or bulk polymerization.
• Particularly suitable graft rubbers are also ABS polymers that pass through
• Redox initiation with an initiator system made of organic hydroperoxide and ascorbic acid according to US Pat. No. 4,937,285.
• the graft monomers are not necessarily grafted completely onto the graft base in the grafting reaction,
• Graft polymers B are also understood to mean those products which are obtained by (co) polymerizing the graft monomers in the presence of the graft base and are also obtained in the working up.
• Suitable acrylate rubbers according to B.2 of the polymers B are preferred
• Acrylic acid alkyl esters optionally with up to 40% by weight, gene on B.2 other polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
• the preferred polymerizable acrylic acid esters include C 1 to C 8 alkyl esters, for example methyl, ethyl, butyl, n-octyl and 2-ethylhexyl esters; Haloalkyl esters, preferably halo-Cs-alkyl esters, such as chloroethyl acrylate and mixtures of these monomers.
• Monomers with more than one polymerizable double bond can be copolymerized for crosslinking.
• Preferred examples of crosslinking monomers are esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with 3 to 8 C atoms and unsaturated monohydric alcohols with 3 to 12 C atoms, or saturated polyols with 2 to 4
• OH groups and 2 to 20 C atoms such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, allykneth acrylate; polyunsaturated heterocyclic compounds such as trivinyl and triallyl cyanurate; polyfunctional vinyl compounds such as di- and trivinylbenzenes, but also triallyl phosphate and diallyl phthalate.
• Preferred crosslinking monomers are allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diallyl phthalate and heterocyclic compounds which have at least three ethylenically unsaturated groups.
• crosslinking monomers are the cyclic monomers triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, triacryloylhexahydro-s-triazine and triallylbenzenes.
• the amount of crosslinked monomers is preferably 0.02 to 5, in particular 0.05 to 2,% by weight, based on the graft base B.2.
• Preferred "other" polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers which, in addition to the acrylic esters, can optionally be used to prepare the graft base B.2 are, for. B. acrylonitrile, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, acrylamides, vinyl - C ⁇ -alkyl ether, methyl methacrylate, butadiene.
• Preferred acrylate rubbers as graft base B.2 are emulsion polymers which have a gel content of at least 60% by weight.
• graft bases according to B.2 are silicone rubbers with graft-active sites, as are described in DE-A 3 704 657, DE-A 3 704 655, DE-A 3 631 540 and DE-A 3 631 539.
• the gel content of the graft base B.2 is determined at 25 ° C. in a suitable solvent (M. Hoffmann, H. Krömer, R. Kuhn, polymer analysis I and II,
• the average particle size d 5 o is the diameter, are located above and below which 50 wt.% Of the particles. It can be determined by means of ultracentrifuge measurement (W. Scholtan, H. Lange, Kolloid, Z. and Z. Polymer 250 (1972), 782-1796).
• Component B can be present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of preferably 0.5 to 60 parts by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight and most preferably 2 to 30 parts by weight.
• Component C comprises one or more thermoplastic vinyl (co) polymers C.1 and / or polyalkylene terephthalates C.2.
• Suitable vinyl (co) polymers Cl are polymers of at least one monomer from the group of the vinyl aromatics, vinyl cyanides (unsaturated nitriles), (meth) acrylic acid (C 1 to C 8 ) alkyl esters, unsaturated carboxylic acids and derivatives (such as anhydrides and imides ) unsaturated carboxylic acids.
• vinyl aromatics vinyl cyanides (unsaturated nitriles)
• (meth) acrylic acid (C 1 to C 8 ) alkyl esters unsaturated carboxylic acids and derivatives (such as anhydrides and imides ) unsaturated carboxylic acids.
• (Co) polymers Cll 50 to 99, preferably 60 to 80 parts by weight of vinyl aromatics and / or core-substituted vinyl aromatics such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene) and / or methacrylic acid ⁇ CrCs) - alkyl esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate), and
• Nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile and or (meth) acrylic acid (C 1 -Cs) alkyl esters (such as methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate) and / or unsaturated carboxylic acids (such as maleic acid) and / or
• Derivatives such as anhydrides and imides
• unsaturated carboxylic acids e.g. maleic anhydride and N-phenyl-maleimide
• the (co) polymers C.l are resin-like, thermoplastic and rubber-free.
• the copolymer of C.1.1 styrene and C.1.2 acrylonitrile is particularly preferred.
• the (co) polymers according to Cl are known and can be prepared by radical polymerization, in particular by emulsion, suspension, solution or bulk polymerization.
• the (co) polymers preferably have average molecular weights M w (weight average, determined by light scattering or sedimentation) between 15,000 and 200,000.
• the polyalkylene terephthalates of component C.2 are reaction products of aromatic dicarboxylic acids or their reactive derivatives, such as dimethyl esters or anhydrides, and aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic
• Preferred polyalkylene terephthalates contain at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, based on the dicarboxylic acid component of terephthalic acid residues and at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90 mol%, based on the diol component of ethylene glycol and or 1,4-butanediol. residues.
• the preferred polyalkylene terephthalates can contain up to 20 mol%, preferably up to 10 mol%, of residues of other aromatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids with 8 to 14 C atoms or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with 4 to 12 C atoms, such as residues of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, cyclohexanediacetic acid.
• the preferred polyalkylene terephthalates can contain up to 20 mol%, preferably up to 10 mol%, of other aliphatic ones
• diols with 3 to 12 carbon atoms or cycloaliphatic diols with 6 to 21 carbon atoms e.g. B. residues of 1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexane-dimethanol, 2,4-3-ethylpentanediol, Methylpentanediol-2,4,2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-1,3,2-ethylhexanediol-1,3,2,2-diethylpropanediol-1,3, hexanediol-2,5,1,4-di- (ß -hydroxyethoxy) benzene, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) propane, 2,4-dihydroxy
• the polyalkylene terephthalates can by incorporating relatively small amounts of trihydric or tetravalent alcohols or 3- or 4-basic carboxylic acids, e.g. B. according to DE-A 1 900270 and US Pat. No. 3,692,744.
• preferred branching agents are trimesic acid, trimellitic acid, trimethylolethane and -propane and pentaerythritol.
• polyalkylene terephthalates which have been produced solely from terephthalic acid and its reactive derivatives (e.g. its dialkyl esters) and ethylene glycol and / or 1,4-butanediol, and mixtures of these polyalkylene terephthalates.
• Mixtures of polyalkylene terephthalates contain 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, polyethylene terephthalate and 50 to 99% by weight, preferably 70 to 99% by weight, polybutylene terephthalate.
• the polyalkylene terephthalates preferably used generally have an intrinsic viscosity of 0.4 to 1.5 dl / g, preferably 0.5 to 1.2 dl / g, measured in phenol / o-dichlorobenzene (1: 1 parts by weight) at 25 ° C. in the Ubbelohde viscometer.
• the polyalkylene terephthalates can be prepared by known methods (e.g. Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume VIII, p. 695 ff, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1973).
• Component C can be present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of preferably 0 to 50 parts by weight, particularly preferably up to 30 parts by weight and most preferably up to 20 parts by weight.
• compositions are made flame-retardant by adding phosphorus-containing compounds of low volatility.
• compositions preferably contain phosphorus-containing flame retardants from the groups of the oligomeric phosphorus and phosphonic acid esters, phosphonate amines and phosphazenes, it also being possible to use mixtures of several components selected from one or different of these groups as flame retardants.
• Preferred oligomeric phosphoric or phosphonic acid esters are phosphorus compounds of the general formula (IV)
• R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 independently of one another in each case optionally halogenated C ⁇ to C 8 alkyl, in each case optionally substituted by alkyl, preferably, C j to C 4 - alkyl, and / or halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine, substituted C 5 to C 6 cycloalkyl, C 6 to C 20 aryl or C ? to C 12 aralkyl,
• n independently of one another, 0 or 1, preferably 1,
• q is a number from 0.5 to 30, preferably from 0.7 to 15, in particular from 0.9 to 5 and
• X is a mono- or polynuclear aromatic radical with 6 to 30 C atoms, or a linear or branched aliphatic radical with 2 to 30 C atoms, which can be OH-substituted and can contain up to 8 ether bonds.
• R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are each independently C j to C 4 alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or phenyl-C.-C 4 alkyl.
• the aromatic groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can in turn be substituted with halogen and / or alkyl groups, preferably chlorine, bromine and / or C to C. alkyl.
• Particularly preferred aryl radicals are cresyl, phenyl, xylenyl, propylphenyl or butylphenyl and the corresponding brominated and chlorinated derivatives thereof.
• X in the formula (IV) preferably represents a radical of the formula
• R 5 and R 6 independently of one another for Ci to Cs-alkyl, preferably methyl or halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine,
• X particularly preferably stands for
• X is particularly preferably derived from bisphenol A.
• oligomeric phosphoric acid esters which are derived from bisphenol A or compounds analogous thereto is particularly advantageous since the compositions finished with these phosphorus compounds are particularly high Resistance to stress cracking and a particularly low tendency to form tool deposits during injection molding processing. Furthermore, a particularly high heat resistance can be achieved with these flame retardants.
• the phosphorus compounds according to component D, formula (IV) are known (cf., for example, EP-A 0 363 608, EP-A 0 640 655) or can be prepared in an analogous manner by known methods (for example Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry , Vol. 18, p. 301 ff. 1979; Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, vol. 12/1, p. 43; Beilstein vol. 6, p. 177).
• the mean q values can be determined by using a suitable method (gas chromatography (GC), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gel permeation chromatography GPC) to determine the composition of the phosphate mixture (molecular weight distribution) and from this the mean values can be calculated for q.
• a suitable method gas chromatography (GC), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gel permeation chromatography GPC) to determine the composition of the phosphate mixture (molecular weight distribution) and from this the mean values can be calculated for q.
• Phosphonatamines are preferably compounds of the formula (V)
• R 11 and R 12 independently of one another for unsubstituted or substituted C j bis
• R 13 and R 14 are independently unsubstituted or substituted C. to C 10 alkyl or unsubstituted or substituted C 6 to C 10 -aryl or from each other
• R 13 and R 14 together represent unsubstituted or substituted C 3 to C 10 alkylene
• y are the numerical values 0, 1 or 2 and
• B 1 independently represents hydrogen, optionally halogenated C 2 to C 8 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 6 to C 10 aryl.
• B 1 is preferably independently hydrogen, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, which may be substituted by halogen, unsubstituted or C j to C 4 alkyl and / or halogen-substituted C 6 to C 10 aryl, in particular phenyl or naphthyl.
• Alkyl in R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 independently preferably represents methyl, ethyl, n-
• Substituted alkyl in R 11 , R 2 , R 13 and R 14 independently preferably represents halogen-substituted C 1 to C 10 alkyl, in particular one or two times substituted methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyl, pentyl or hexyl.
• C 6 to C 10 aryl in R, R, R and R independently preferably represent phenyl, naphthyl or binaphthyl, in particular o-phenyl, o-naphthyl, o-binaphthyl, which is substituted by halogen (generally one, two or triple) can be substituted.
• R 13 and R 14 together with the oxygen atoms to which they are directly attached and the phosphorus atom can form a ring structure.
• R » ⁇ , R, 12, R» 13 and R, 14 have the meanings given above.
• Ner compounds of the formulas (Na-2) and (Na-1) are particularly preferred.
• Phosphazenes are compounds of the formulas (NIa) and (NIb)
• R is in each case identical or different and for amino, in each case optionally halogenated, preferably fluorine-halogenated Ci to C 8 alkyl, or C j to C 8 alkoxy, in each case optionally by alkyl, preferably C. to C 4 alkyl, and / or halogen, preferably chlorine and or bromine, substituted C 5 to C 6 cycloalkyl, C 6 to C 20 aryl, preferably phenyl or naphthyl, C 6 to C 20 aryloxy, preferably phenoxy, naphthyloxy, or C ? up to C 12 -
• Aralkyl preferably phenyl-C 4 -alkyl
• k represents 0 or a number from 1 to 15, preferably a number from 1 to 10.
• Examples include propoxyphosphazen, phenoxyphosphazen, methylphenoxyphosphazen, aminophosphazen and fluoroalkylphosphazenes. Phenoxyphosphazene is particularly preferred.
• the phosphazenes can be used alone or as a mixture.
• the radical R can always be the same or 2 or more radicals in the formulas (Ia) and (Ib) can be different. Phosphazenes and their preparation are described for example in EP-A 0 728 811, DE-A 1961668 and WO 97/40092.
• the flame retardants can be used alone or in any mixture with one another or in a mixture with other flame retardants and / or flame retardant synergists.
• Component D can be present in the composition according to the invention in an amount of preferably 0.5 to 30 parts by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 25 parts by weight and most preferably 2 to 20 parts by weight.
• the flame retardant according to component D according to the invention can preferably be used in combination with so-called anti-dripping agents which reduce the tendency of the material to drip when burning in the event of a fire.
• anti-dripping agents include compounds of the substance classes of fluorinated polyolefins, silicones and aramid fibers. Fluorinated polyolefins are preferably used as antidripping agents in the compositions according to the invention.
• Fluorinated polyolefins are known and are described, for example, in EP-A 0 640 655. They are marketed by DuPont under the Teflon ® 30 ⁇ brand.
• the fluorinated polyolefins can be used both in pure form and in the form of a coagulated mixture of emulsions of the fluorinated polyolefins with emulsions of the graft polymers (component B) or with an emulsion of a copolymer, preferably based on styrene / acrylonitrile, the fluorinated Polyolefin is mixed as an emulsion with an emulsion of the graft polymer or the copolymer and then coagulated.
• the fluorinated polyolefins can be used as a precompound with the graft polymer (component B) or a copolymer, preferably based on styrene / acrylonitrile.
• the fluorinated polyolefins are mixed as a powder with a powder or granules of the graft polymer or copolymer and in the melt in general at temperatures from 200 to 330 ° C. usual aggregates such as internal kneaders, extruders or twin-screw extruders.
• the fluorinated polyolefins can also be used in the form of a masterbatch which is prepared by emulsion polymerization of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an aqueous dispersion of the fluorinated polyolefin.
• Preferred monomer components are styrene, acrylonitrile and mixtures thereof. After acidic precipitation and subsequent drying, the polymer is used as a free-flowing powder.
• the coagulates, precompounds or masterbatches usually have solids contents of fluorinated polyolefin of 5 to 95% by weight, preferably 7 to 60% by weight.
• Fluorinated polyolefins can be present in the compositions according to the invention in amounts of 0 to 5 parts by weight, preferably up to 2 parts by weight and particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight.
• the molding compositions according to the invention can also contain up to 30 parts by weight of at least one of the customary additives, such as lubricants and mold release agents, for example pentaerythritol tetrastearate, nucleating agents, antistatic agents, stabilizers, fillers and reinforcing materials such as glass or carbon fibers, mica, kaolin, CaCO and glass flakes as well as dyes and pigments.
• the customary additives such as lubricants and mold release agents, for example pentaerythritol tetrastearate, nucleating agents, antistatic agents, stabilizers, fillers and reinforcing materials such as glass or carbon fibers, mica, kaolin, CaCO and glass flakes as well as dyes and pigments.
• the molding compositions (compositions) according to the invention can contain up to 30% by weight.
• phosphorus-containing compounds such as monomeric organophosphates, e.g. B. triphenyl phosphate or organic halogen compounds such as decabromobisphenyl ether or tetrabromobisphenol A, inorganic halogen compounds such as ammonium bromide, nitrogen compounds such as melamine, melamine formaldehyde resins, inorganic hydroxide compounds such as Mg or Al hydroxide, inorganic Neritatien such as antimony oxides, barium metaborate, hydroxoantimonate, zirconium oxide, zirconium hydroxide, molybdenum oxide, ammonium molybdate, zinc borate, ammonium borate, ammonium borate, barium , Silicon oxide or tin oxide and siloxane compounds.
• monomeric organophosphates e.g. B. triphenyl phosphate or organic halogen compounds such as decabromobisphenyl ether or tetrabromobisphenol A
• the finely divided (nanoscale) inorganic powders described in US Pat. No. 5,849,827 such as Ti ⁇ , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , SnO 2 , WC, ZnO, Boehmite, ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3, are preferably used as the flame retardant (FR) synergist , These particles have an average primary particle size of 0.1 to 1000 nm, preferably 1 to 500 nm, particularly preferably 1 to 100 nm. Boehmite is particularly preferred.
• compositions are prepared by mixing the respective constituents in a known manner and at temperatures from 200 ° C. to 300 ° C. in conventional units such as internal kneaders,
• Extruders and twin-screw extruders melt-compounded and melt-extruded.
• the individual constituents can be mixed in a known manner both successively and simultaneously, both at about 20 ° C. (room temperature) and at a higher temperature.
• the molding compositions according to the invention can be used to produce moldings of any kind. These can be made by injection molding, extrusion and blow molding. Another form of processing is the production of molded articles by deep drawing from previously produced plates or foils. Examples of such moldings are foils, profiles, housing parts of all kinds, for example for household appliances such as juicers, coffee machines, mixers; for office machines such as monitors, flat screens, notebooks, printers, copiers; Panels, pipes, electrical installation ducts, windows, doors and other profiles for the construction sector (interior and exterior applications) as well as electrical and electronic parts such as switches, plugs and sockets.
• household appliances such as juicers, coffee machines, mixers
• office machines such as monitors, flat screens, notebooks, printers, copiers
• molding compositions according to the invention can also be used, for example, for the production of the following moldings or moldings:
• housings for electrical devices containing small transformers, housings for devices for information processing and transmission, housings and claddings for medical devices, massagers and housings therefor, play vehicles for children, flat wall elements, housings for safety devices, heat-insulated transport containers, molded parts for sanitary and bathroom equipment, cover grilles for ventilation openings, housings for garden tools.
• Styrene / acrylonitrile copolymer with a styrene / acrylonitrile weight ratio of 72:28 and an intrinsic viscosity of 0.55 dl / g (measurement in dimethylformamide at 20 ° C).
• Component D bisphenol A based oligophosphate
• Tetrafluoroethylene polymer as a coagulated mixture of a SAN graft polymer emulsion according to component B mentioned above in water and a tetrafluoroethylene polymer emulsion in water.
• the weight ratio of graft polymer B to tetrafluoroethylene polymer E in the mixture is 90% by weight to 10% by weight.
• the tetrafluoroethylene polymer emulsion has a solids content of 60% by weight, the average particle diameter is between 0.05 and 0.5 ⁇ m.
• the emulsion of the tetrafluoroethylene polymer ( Teflon® 30 N) is mixed with the emulsion of the SAN graft polymer B and stabilized with 1.8% by weight, based on polymer solids, of phenolic antioxidants. At 85 to 95 ° C, the mixture is coagulated with an aqueous solution of MgSO 4 (Epsom salt) and acetic acid at pH 4 to 5, filtered and washed until practically free of electrolytes, then freed from the main amount of water by centrifugation and then at 100 ° C dried to a powder.
• MgSO 4 Epsom salt
• PETS pentaerythritol tetrastearate
• Component G.2 Wollastonite: Nyglos ® 5 with a length / thickness ratio of 13/1 and an average fiber diameter D o of 6.5 ⁇ m.
• Component G.3 Wollastonite: Nyglos ® 5 with a length / thickness ratio of 13/1 and an average fiber diameter D o of 6.5 ⁇ m.
• Wollastonite Nyglos ® 8-10013, surface-treated wollastonite with a length / thickness ratio of 19/1 and an average fiber diameter D 50 of 9.9 ⁇ m.
• the heat resistance according to Vicat B is determined in accordance with DIN 53 460 (ISO 306) on rods measuring 80 mm x 10 mm x 4 mm.
• the notched impact strength a ⁇ is determined in accordance with ISO 180/1 A.
• the impact strength a n (without notch) is determined in accordance with ISO 180/1 U.
• the modulus of elasticity E is determined in a tensile test according to ISO 527.
• the impact strength at the weld line of test specimens injected on both sides (processing temperature 260 ° C) of the dimension 170 mm x 10 mm x 4 mm is measured.
• the fire behavior of the samples is measured according to UL 94 V on rods 1.2 mm and 1.0 mm thick.
• the stress crack behavior (ESC behavior) is investigated on bars measuring 80 mm x 10 mm x 4 mm. A mixture of 60 vol.% Is used as the test medium.
• test specimens are pre-stretched using a circular arch template (pre-stretching in percent) and stored in the test medium at room temperature.
• the stress cracking behavior is assessed via the cracking or breaking as a function of the pre-stretch ( ⁇ x) in the test medium.
• the MVR Melt Volume Rate

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