WO2002053785A1 - Procede, dispositif et programme de controle des conditions de fonctionnement d'un haut fourneau - Google Patents

Procede, dispositif et programme de controle des conditions de fonctionnement d'un haut fourneau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002053785A1
WO2002053785A1 PCT/JP2001/011683 JP0111683W WO02053785A1 WO 2002053785 A1 WO2002053785 A1 WO 2002053785A1 JP 0111683 W JP0111683 W JP 0111683W WO 02053785 A1 WO02053785 A1 WO 02053785A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gradient
blast furnace
monitoring
calculating
state quantity
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PCT/JP2001/011683
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masahiro Ito
Shinroku Matsuzaki
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Nippon Steel Corporation
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Priority claimed from JP2000400190A external-priority patent/JP3814143B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2001118176A external-priority patent/JP4094245B2/ja
Application filed by Nippon Steel Corporation filed Critical Nippon Steel Corporation
Priority to BR122013017563A priority Critical patent/BR122013017563B1/pt
Priority to KR1020037008858A priority patent/KR100604461B1/ko
Priority to BRPI0116637-9B1A priority patent/BR0116637B1/pt
Publication of WO2002053785A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002053785A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a blast furnace operating state capable of monitoring a blast furnace operating state by sequentially estimating and visualizing a position corresponding to a root portion of a cohesive zone in an operating blast furnace and predicting a blast furnace operation abnormality. It relates to monitoring methods, equipment and programs.
  • the blast furnace process targeted by the present invention is an object to be treated as a distributed constant process having dynamic characteristics. Therefore, the measurement data of multiple sensors installed in distribution on the blast furnace facility should not be collected and evaluated independently of each other, but should be collected in relation to the installation location on the blast furnace facility where the sensor is installed. It should be evaluated.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to solve the above problems and to monitor the operation state of a blast furnace and to predict an abnormal operation of the blast furnace. It is for estimating and visualizing.
  • the method for monitoring the operating state of a blast furnace is a method of bonding measurement data of measurement quantities from a plurality of sensors installed in a blast furnace to a two-dimensional plane or a two-dimensional plane reflecting the installation position of each sensor.
  • the blast furnace is operated on a three-dimensional object composed of three-dimensional objects, and the distribution and dynamic changes of each measurement data are represented as figures or characteristic information of the figures.
  • a coordinate axis that represents an arbitrary point on a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional solid is set in advance, and the spatial gradient (spatial change rate, spatial change amount) in each coordinate axis direction for the pressure data that is the potential amount Is calculated, and the norm of the spatial gradient vector having the spatial gradient as a component or the declination with the furnace height direction as the reference axis is calculated, and the equivalent value on a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional solid is calculated.
  • the feature is that among the contour figures formed by the lines, the contour figure defined by the upper and lower limit management values specified in advance is estimated as the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone.
  • Another method of monitoring the operating state of a blast furnace is a method of visualizing a position corresponding to the root of a cohesive zone estimated by a spatial gradient vector of pressure data as a graphic on a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional solid. It has features.
  • measurement data of a measurement target from a plurality of sensors installed in a blast furnace is attached to a two-dimensional plane or a two-dimensional plane reflecting the installation position of each sensor.
  • Combined 3 Monitor the blast furnace operation status by arranging them on a three-dimensional body and expressing the distribution state and temporal change of each measurement data as figures or characteristic information of the figures formed by these, and evaluating them.
  • a coordinate axis expressing an arbitrary point on a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional solid is set in advance, and a temporal gradient (temporal change rate, temporal change amount) is calculated for a temperature, which is a potential amount, and the two-dimensional is calculated.
  • the feature is that among the contour figures formed by isolines on a plane or the surface of a three-dimensional solid, the contour figure area defined by the upper and lower limit management values specified in advance is estimated to be the position equivalent to the cohesive zone root. Have.
  • Still another method of monitoring the operating state of a blast furnace is to convert the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone estimated by the time gradient of the temperature data into a figure on a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional solid surface.
  • the feature is that it is visualized as
  • another method of monitoring the operating state of a blast furnace is a method of monitoring a cohesive zone root position estimated by a spatial gradient vector of pressure data and a cohesive zone estimated by a temporal gradient of temperature data.
  • the feature is that the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone is estimated using both of the position information corresponding to the root.
  • another method of monitoring the operating state of a blast furnace includes a cohesive zone root position information estimated by a spatial gradient vector of pressure data and a cohesive zone estimated by a temporal gradient of temperature data.
  • the feature is that the root equivalent position information is successively estimated by updating the coherent zone equivalent position by updating the information corresponding to the time transition of each measurement data.
  • the cohesive zone root equivalent position information sequentially estimated corresponding to the time transition of each measurement data is sequentially updated on a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional solid.
  • the feature is that it is sequentially visualized as a figure to be displayed. 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a blast furnace operation monitoring device according to the first invention
  • FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a blast furnace operation monitoring device according to the second invention
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an isoline search method
  • Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the method for calculating the spatial gradient of temperature data
  • Figs. 6 to 9 are explanatory diagrams of the process from stable operation to abnormal operation
  • Fig. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the operation prediction method.
  • Fig. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the calculation method of the spatial gradient of the pressure data.
  • Fig. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between the pressure and the spatial gradient vector of the pressure.
  • Fig. 13 is the temporal diagram of the temperature data.
  • FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a gradient calculating method, and FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a calculating method of a temporal gradient of a spatial gradient of temperature data.
  • Figure 15 is an illustration of the cohesive zone root.
  • Figure 16 is a display diagram of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone based on the contour line of the spatial gradient vector norm of the pressure data.
  • Figure 17 is a display diagram of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone based on the contour line of the spatial gradient vector angle of the pressure data.
  • Fig. 18 is a display diagram of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone based on the contour line of the time gradient of the temperature data.
  • Fig. 19 is a display diagram of the position corresponding to the cohesive zone root.
  • Fig. 1 is a professional diagram showing the configuration of the blast furnace operation monitoring device according to the first invention.
  • a plurality of sensors for measuring a stap temperature, a hearth wall temperature, and a shaft pressure are provided.
  • Fig. 1 shows a case where a plurality of stapling temperature sensors, hearth wall temperature sensors, and shaft pressure sensors are installed at equal intervals on the outer surface of the blast furnace equipment. May be arranged at irregular intervals.
  • measurement data output from a plurality of temperature sensors arranged on the blast furnace equipment is sampled and collected at a preset sampling period ⁇ t.
  • the sampling period ⁇ t is arbitrarily set at a time interval of several milliseconds or more corresponding to the processing capacity of the data collection device 3 and the processing capability of the data processing device 4 and the time intervals required for operation monitoring and operation prediction. Can be set.
  • Temperature data collected by the data collection device 3 is sent to the data processing device 4 in real time
  • the method and form of data transmission from the data collection device 3 to the data processing device are not particularly limited, and the following methods can be applied.
  • the data is converted into a digital signal in the data collection device 3 and transmitted. • The data is converted into a digital signal in the data collection device 3, compressed and transmitted, and restored in the data processing device 4.
  • the contour line calculation unit 5 converts the temperature data input from the data collection device 3 into a two-dimensional plane or a two-dimensional plane that reflects the sensor installation position information on the blast furnace equipment. It is arranged on the surface of the solid and calculates an arbitrary isoline having the same temperature data to generate a figure formed by the isoline.
  • Figure 3 defines a two-dimensional plane with the r-axis in the furnace circumferential direction of the blast furnace and the h-axis in the furnace height direction in the contour line calculation unit 5, and the contour ( contour) shows an example of a figure.
  • the symbol “ ⁇ ” converts the positions of multiple temperature sensors placed on the outer shape of the blast furnace into their three-dimensional spatial coordinates (x (i), y (i), z (i)). It is arranged by this.
  • the coordinate transformation in Fig. 3 calculates the projection onto the two-dimensional plane from the furnace body height, hearth wall height, tuyere diameter, furnace belly diameter, furnace bottom diameter, shaft angle, Bosch angle (morning glory angle), etc.
  • the two-dimensional plane defined in the present invention is not limited to a square-shaped plane as shown in Fig. 3, but is partially defined as a fan-shaped two-dimensional plane according to the shaft angle and the Bosch angle (morning glory angle). Is also good.
  • Fig. 3 uses a two-dimensional plane with the r-axis in the circumferential direction of the blast furnace and the h-axis in the furnace height direction for ease of explanation. It is also possible to use a three-dimensional solid that is arranged in a three-dimensional space and is formed by bonding two-dimensional planes together.
  • the distribution state of the temperature data at a certain time t can be expressed.
  • the mutual intervals between the old and new seals may be unequally spatially spaced, and need not be spatially equally spaced, in a contour line search method described later.
  • the temperature data in the mutual space of the reference mark is spatially interpolated to search for an isoline.
  • the isolines are obtained by connecting the points showing the same value from the spatially distributed temperature data with a line.
  • the temperature sensor measurement data at any of the square elements where one of the internal angles does not exceed 180 degrees, that is, at the vertices P1, p2, p3, and p4, are T1, T2,
  • Tm be the temperature at the intersection of the diagonal lines of this square element, that is, the point pm marked with ⁇ in FIG.
  • Tm is an average value calculated from Tl, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4, and is defined as, for example, an arithmetic average.
  • Tm (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4) ⁇ 4... (1)
  • the interpolation method may be any method such as a linear interpolation method.
  • the value of the contour line to be searched is T
  • the temperature data of the four vertices of the square element is
  • ⁇ exists on the straight line connecting pi and ⁇ 4, and on the straight line connecting ⁇ 1 and pm and on the straight line connecting pm and p 4 due to the condition of equation (2). . ,
  • T exists as a temperature data point interpolated on a straight line connecting p i and p 2, which is indicated by a triangle.
  • T2 ⁇ T ⁇ T3 ⁇ (6) As an example, the temperature data points at this time are as shown by the seals, and the isolines connecting these with straight lines can be shown by broken lines.
  • the search and drawing of the isolines in the space are completed.
  • the temperature data forms a certain figure in a two-dimensional plane by the obtained isolines.
  • isolines that form closed curves form some characteristic figures.
  • the isolines at a certain temperature ⁇ are shown by solid lines, and the contour figure enclosed by the closed curve is shown by hatching. Dashed lines are other temperature isolines.
  • a square element whose inner angle does not exceed 180 degrees is selected, and the data of the four vertices is set at the intersection of the diagonal lines.
  • the method of setting the average value and searching for and drawing isolines using a triangular element having this intersection as a vertex is more efficient than searching for isolines using only triangular elements. It reduces the degree of freedom and makes selection easier, and also Since triangular elements whose average value is the vertex are used, this is an effective method that can reduce the search error of the isoline depending on the element selection. Because the triangle elements are used in the final stage of the search, there is no possibility that the contour to be searched intersects another contour in the middle or the contour is interrupted in the middle.
  • the search method is not limited to a two-dimensional plane, but is also applicable and effective to a quadrilateral plane element on the surface of a three-dimensional solid formed by bonding two-dimensional planes. .
  • the contour line calculation unit 5 converts the temperature data input from the data collection device 3 into a two-dimensional plane or a quadrilateral plane element that reflects the information on the location of each sensor on the blast furnace facility. Contour lines can be drawn by placing them in the dimensional space.
  • temperature data can be calculated for an arbitrary point on a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional solid surface.
  • Figure 5 shows a two-dimensional plane with the r-axis in the furnace circumferential direction of the blast furnace and the h-axis in the furnace height direction, and the temperature equivalent at time t calculated by the contour line calculation unit 5. It shows the temperature T (i, j, k) for each pixel unit on the screen obtained by spatially capturing from the line.
  • i l, 2, 3, ..., Nr (Nr: number of pixels in the furnace circumferential direction)
  • j l, 2, 3, ..., Nh (Nh: number of pixels in the furnace height direction)
  • k 0, 1, 2,..., (K: discretization time)
  • ⁇ h is the length of the pixel in the furnace height direction
  • ⁇ is the length of the pixel in the furnace circumferential direction.
  • the graphic feature information calculating unit 6 performs image processing on the graphic calculated by the contour line calculating unit 5, and obtains the graphic and the characteristic information of the graphic, that is, the number, Calculate the position, area, center of gravity, aspect ratio of the figure, maximum or minimum value in the figure, average value, and variance.
  • the operation monitoring unit 7 makes it possible to monitor the operation of the blast furnace by comparing the figure calculated by the figure characteristic information calculation unit 6 and the characteristic information of the figure with the preset figure and the characteristic information of the figure. .
  • the blast furnace operation monitoring method will be explained using Figs. 6 to 9 with temperature data as an example.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 a figure formed by isolines at a predetermined temperature is calculated by image processing, the figure is surrounded by lines, and labeling is performed.
  • Figure 6 shows the case where the operation of the blast furnace is stable, and the figure formed by the high temperature stap temperature isolines is widely present around the entire furnace circumference at the bottom of the blast furnace.
  • Fig. 7 shows a state where a certain time has elapsed from the state of Fig. 6, and a figure formed by high-temperature stap temperature isolines due to operational disturbance shows It shows a state that is expanding.
  • Fig. 8 shows that the area of the figure formed by the high temperature stap temperature isolines further expands at a certain point in the furnace circumferential direction when the time has passed even further from the state in Fig. 6, and This shows a state in which the height position has moved upward and has reached the center position in the height direction of the blast furnace equipment.
  • Fig. 9 shows a state in which more time has elapsed since the state in Fig. 8 and most of the figures formed by isolines at a certain temperature have passed through the upper part of the blast furnace equipment and remained.
  • the figure shows the state where it is located at approximately the center position in the furnace height direction and about three quarters in the furnace circumferential direction, indicating an abnormal operation state that has not returned to the stable operation state shown in Fig. 6. Things.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show the situation in which the contours formed by the high temperature stap temperature isolines are escaping to the upper part of the blast furnace equipment, which is a so-called blow-through phenomenon.
  • the operation monitoring unit 7 can monitor the operation by comparing the figure calculated by the figure characteristic information calculation unit 6 and the characteristic information of the figure with the preset figure and the characteristic information of the figure. Become.
  • the graphic feature information transition calculating unit 8 calculates a temporal transition of the graphic and the graphic feature information calculated by the graphic characteristic information calculating unit 6.
  • the operation prediction unit 9 compares the time transition of the figure and the characteristic information of the figure calculated by the figure characteristic information transition calculation unit 8 with a preset transition condition of the figure and the characteristic information of the figure, thereby obtaining the operation state. Predict.
  • FIG. Figure 10 shows the process in which the position of the center of gravity of the figure formed by the isolines of a certain temperature shown in Figures 6 to 9 changes to Figure 6 to 9, and the vertical axis shows the position of the center of gravity and the horizontal axis shows time This is indicated by the following.
  • an upper limit management value of the position of the center of gravity is set in advance in order to predict the operation state.
  • the position G (t) of the center of gravity of the target figure is smaller than the set upper limit management value Gu. From the center of gravity position G (t) and its time rate of change dG (t), the operating state after a certain time ⁇ t, that is, the center of gravity position G (t + At) after ⁇ t,
  • G t + ⁇ ) G (t) + dG (t)-At... (7) If G (t + At) ⁇ Gu ⁇ (8), it is possible to predict that a stable operating state will continue even after ⁇ t.
  • the characteristic information of a figure formed by isolines at a certain temperature is represented by the value of the center of gravity G (t) of the figure obtained by image processing and its time rate of change dG (t). It has been shown that it is possible to predict a business anomaly based on the above, but in addition to the position of the center of gravity, the above-mentioned graphic characteristic information obtained by image processing, a method of evaluating the time change rate, and some characteristic information of the graphic , A method of setting not only the upper control value but also the lower control value, a method of evaluating the upper control value and the lower control value in combination, and a vector or vector in the target graphic area. It is also effective to evaluate by combining vector feature information such as sum, maximum value, minimum value, average value or variance of torque components.
  • the recording unit 10 records the calculation result in the graphic feature information transition calculation unit 8 as a file in a text format or the like, and creates a database.
  • the recording unit 10 records the calculation result in the graphic feature information transition calculation unit 8 as a file in a text format or the like, and creates a database.
  • the transition of figures and figure feature information it is also possible to record the calculation results as a moving image file in the AVI (Audio-Video Interleaved) format.
  • AVI Audio-Video Interleaved
  • the blast furnace operation monitoring method of the present invention Efficient recording and database creation are possible by removing redundant video information using various data compression techniques as necessary. In the present invention, it is not necessary to limit the data compression method.
  • the transmission form and transmission method of the calculation result of the graphic feature information transition calculating unit 8 it is not necessary to limit the transmission form and transmission method of the calculation result of the graphic feature information transition calculating unit 8 to the recording unit 10, and the calculation result is digitized by the graphic feature information transition calculating unit 8.
  • This digital signal may be transmitted to the recording unit 10.
  • compression may be performed before transmission to reduce the amount of transmission, and LAN or the Internet may be used as a transmission path.
  • the output unit 11 outputs the transition of the figure and the characteristic information of the figure, the operation monitoring result, and the operation prediction result to a screen using a monitor or the like.
  • this digital signal may be transmitted to the output unit 11.
  • compression may be performed before transmission to reduce the amount of transmission, and LAN or the Internet may be used as a transmission path.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the operation monitoring device according to the second invention, which differs from the operation monitoring device according to the first invention only in the following points, and the other elements are the same.
  • a gradient calculator 12 is installed after the contour line calculator 5.
  • the figure and vector feature information calculation section 13 calculates the transition of the figure feature information based on the output of the figure and vector feature information calculation section 13.
  • a figure for calculating the transition of the vector characteristic information based on the output of the vector and the vector characteristic information transition calculating unit 14 are provided.
  • the gradient calculator 12 is a spatial gradient of the measurement data at an arbitrary point on the two-dimensional plane calculated by the isoline calculator 5 or on the surface of the three-dimensional solid formed by bonding the two-dimensional planes.
  • spatial change rate, spatial change amount temporal gradient
  • temporal gradient of spatial gradient temporary change rate of spatial change rate, spatial change amount Is calculated over time.
  • the processing for the temperature in the contour line calculation unit 5 can be applied to the pressure, and the pressure data output from the data collection device 3 in the contour line calculation unit 5 reflects the information on the sensor installation positions on the blast furnace equipment. It can be placed in a three-dimensional space consisting of two-dimensional planes or quadrilateral plane elements to draw isolines.
  • Fig. 11 defines a two-dimensional plane with the r-axis in the furnace circumferential direction and the h-axis in the furnace height direction of the blast furnace. It shows the pressure P (i, j, k) for each pixel on the screen obtained by spatially interpolating the pressure data from the contour lines of the pressure data.
  • i l, 2, 3, 1, Nr (Nr: number of pixels in the furnace circumference direction)
  • j l, 2, 3, ..., Nh (Nh: number of pixels in the furnace height direction)
  • k 0, l, 2, '", (k: discretization time of time t)
  • Ah is the length of the pixel in the furnace height direction
  • ⁇ r is the length of the pixel in the furnace circumferential direction.
  • the pixel position at time k (i, j) the pressure P in the (i, j, k) furnace height direction of the spatial gradient AP h of (i, j, k) is the furnace height direction
  • the pressure difference divided by the length of the pixel in the furnace height direction that is,
  • ⁇ P h (i, j, k) ⁇ P (i, j + l, k) -P (i, j, k) ⁇ ⁇ A h (10)
  • the spatial gradient AP r (i, j, k) of the pressure P (i, j, k) in the furnace circumferential direction is obtained by dividing the pressure difference in the furnace circumferential direction by the length of the pixel in the furnace circumferential direction. , That is,
  • AP r (i, j, k) ⁇ P (i, j + l, k)-P (i, j, k) ⁇ ⁇ Ar (11) '
  • the spatial gradient of the pressure on the boundary of the two-dimensional plane is calculated in such a manner that the continuity of the spatial gradient is maintained in the circumferential direction of the furnace.
  • the furnace height direction is set based on physical boundary conditions.For example, in the case of the pressure illustrated in Fig. 11, the boundary line at the upper and lower ends indicating the furnace top position and tuyere position is the boundary line. Extrapolate the gradient of the nearby blast furnace pressure in the furnace height direction.
  • Equations (10) and (11) illustrate the first-order difference form based on the Taylor expansion.
  • Figure 12 shows the relationship between the potential P, i.e., the pressure P (i, j, k), which is a scalar, and the spatial gradient of the vector, i.
  • the spatial gradient vector of pressure is the spatial gradient of pressure in the furnace circumferential direction, SPr (,,), and the spatial pressure gradient in the furnace height direction.
  • the gradient is defined as a vector with components / ⁇ , zo,).
  • dP JM (dVr (i, j, ky + dPh (i, j, ky
  • Equations (14) to (16) represent the spatial gradient vector of the pressure developed in the two-dimensional plane in the furnace circumferential direction (i) and furnace height direction (j) as shown in Fig. 11.
  • dP, j, k) This is an example of the formulation, but the spatial gradient of the pressure in the three-dimensional space developed on the surface of the three-dimensional solid formed by bonding two-dimensional planes is shown.
  • the same method can be formulated and the operation monitoring method for blast furnace operation shown in the present invention is possible.
  • K furnace height direction of the spatial gradient delta T h of) (i, j, k) is obtained by dividing the temperature difference between the furnace height direction in a furnace height direction of the length of the pixel, i.e., the following formula (1 7 ).
  • T h (i, j, k) [T (i, j + l, k) -T (i, j, k)] ⁇ ⁇ h... (17)
  • temperature T (i, j, k) The spatial gradient in the furnace circumferential direction ⁇ T, i, j, k) in k) is obtained by dividing the temperature difference in the furnace circumferential direction by the length of the pixel in the furnace circumferential direction. It is calculated by 8).
  • the spatial gradient of the temperature is set to zero on the boundary where the adiabatic condition can be assumed.
  • Equations (17) and (18) illustrate the first-order difference form based on the Taylor expansion, but as shown in the following equations (19) and (20),
  • Figure 13 shows the time transition of the temperature data at the pixel position (i, j).
  • the time t is discretized, and the temperature T at the pixel position (i, j) at the discretization time k is calculated.
  • Temporal gradient of (i, j, k) (temporal change rate of temperature, temporal change amount of temperature) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (i, j, k) is obtained by subtracting the time change reference amount from the current temperature data Is divided by the reference time ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ;)
  • n and m are setting parameters, where n is the number of time-change reference evaluation data, and m is the number of reference times of the temporal gradient.
  • ⁇ t is the sampling period.
  • ⁇ (i, j, kiXl) is a weighting factor that takes into account the degree of influence of past temperature data when calculating the time change reference amount, and can be set arbitrarily.
  • ATr (iJ, k) ⁇ T (i, j, k) -T (i, j, kl) ⁇ ⁇ A t... (2 2)
  • Equation (21) The time change reference amount calculated by the second term in [] on the right side of the equation (2 1) is Equation (21) is the arithmetic mean of the temperature data in the interval (nXmxXt) and the temperature data in the time interval (nXmxXt).
  • the temporal gradient can be calculated.
  • Equation (23) calculates the temporal gradient between the current temperature data and the forgetting factor type weighted average value of the temperature data in the time section (nXmX ⁇ t).
  • p is a parameter that defines the strength of forgetting, that is, a forgetting factor, and can be set arbitrarily.
  • Equations (21), (22), and (23) have been illustrated and described as methods for calculating the temporal gradient (temporal change rate, temporal change amount) of temperature.
  • temporal gradient temporary change rate, temporal change amount
  • other ways of giving weighting factors and definitions of temporal gradients may be used.
  • Fig. 14 shows the temperature at the pixel position (i, j) in the furnace height direction. This shows the temporal transition of the spatial gradient ⁇ T h (i, j, k) of.
  • the time t is discretized, and the time gradient ⁇ T ht (i, j, k) of the spatial gradient in the furnace height at the pixel position (i, j) at the discretization time k is Then, the value obtained by subtracting the time-change reference amount from the spatial gradient of the current temperature in the furnace height direction and dividing by the time ( ⁇ ;), that is, the following equation (24) is used.
  • n and m are setting parameters, and n is the number of time-change reference evaluation data and m is the number of reference time of the temporal gradient.
  • Mt is the sampling period mt.
  • ⁇ (i, j, kiXl) is a weighting factor that takes into account the influence of past temperature data when calculating the time-change reference amount, and can be set arbitrarily.
  • Equation (24) becomes equation (25) below, and the current temperature in the furnace height direction And the spatial gradient of the temperature before ⁇ t in the furnace height direction can be calculated.
  • AT t (i, j, k) ⁇ Th (i, j, k)- ⁇ Th (i, j, k— 1) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ t
  • the equation (The time change reference amount calculated in the second term in [] on the right side of 24) is the arithmetic mean value of the spatial gradient of the temperature in the furnace height direction in the time interval ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ;). Equation (24) shows that the temporal gradient between the spatial gradient of the current temperature in the furnace height direction and the arithmetic mean of the spatial gradient of the temperature in the furnace height direction in the time interval ( ⁇ XmxXt) is Can be calculated.
  • Equation (24) becomes the following equation (26), and is calculated by the second term in [] on the right side of the equation (24)
  • the equation (26) is The temporal gradient between the spatial gradient of the temperature and the forgetting factor type weighted average of the spatial gradient of the temperature in the furnace height direction in the time interval (nXmXAt) can be calculated.
  • Equation (24), Equation (25) and Equation (26), have been illustrated and described as methods for calculating the temporal gradient of the spatial gradient of the temperature in the furnace height direction.
  • Equation (26) three methods, Equation (24), Equation (25) and Equation (26), have been illustrated and described as methods for calculating the temporal gradient of the spatial gradient of the temperature in the furnace height direction.
  • Equation (26) three methods, Equation (24), Equation (25) and Equation (26), have been illustrated and described as methods for calculating the temporal gradient of the spatial gradient of the temperature in the furnace height direction.
  • FIG. 14 shows the spatial gradient of the temperature in the furnace height direction.
  • the time transition has been described as an example, it is also effective for other coordinate axes such as the spatial gradient in the furnace circumferential direction and the spatial gradient of other potential quantities such as pressure. Not even.
  • the figure and vector feature information calculation unit 13 performs image processing on the contour figure calculated by the contour line calculation unit 5 or performs mathematical operation on the vector calculated by the gradient calculation unit 12, As the figure and vector feature information, the norm of the pressure spatial gradient vector dP i, j, k) defined by Eqs. (15) and (16) and the argument ZdP (ij , k) and the temporal gradient of temperature ⁇ 7 ⁇ , zo,) defined by the equation (23), and this By evaluating the contour figure or the characteristic information of the figure formed by the resulting isolines by the following method, the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone of the blast furnace can be estimated and visualized.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the state of the root of the cohesive zone near the furnace wall during operation of the blast furnace. Both (a) and (b) show the blast furnace radial distance with the horizontal axis as the origin of the furnace wall. The vertical axis indicates the height of the blast furnace.
  • Blast furnaces are a moving bed type reaction for reducing and dissolving iron oxide in iron ore to produce carbon-rich pig iron. It is a vessel. Iron ore (Or e) as raw material and Coke (Coke) as main fuel are supplied alternately from the furnace port at the top of the furnace, forming a layered packed bed in the furnace.
  • each existence area of the charge in the blast furnace is roughly classified into three areas from the furnace top to the furnace bottom according to the state of the charge, each existence area is divided into 1. Cohesive zone, 3. Drip zone.
  • the iron ore supplied from the top of the furnace descends as the raw fuel is consumed in the furnace, during which time the temperature rise and reduction by the reducing gas progress.
  • the iron ore particles that have reached the melting point in the middle part of the blast furnace soften and fuse to form a cohesive zone 2, where molten iron and molten slag are generated.
  • the softened iron ore particles fuse with each other and decrease the porosity.
  • the liquid generated in the cohesive zone flows down through the coke packed bed, of which hot metal accumulates in the hearth and the tap hole at the bottom of the furnace. From the blast furnace.
  • the cohesive zone 2 has a function of distributing the reducing gas flowing from the drip zone 3 to the lump zone, and has a great effect on the “reducing property of iron ore” and “air permeability” which are important characteristics in blast furnace operation. It is known to have an effect on its formation characteristics (shape, formation position, air permeability), especially near the furnace wall. It is important for operation monitoring to estimate and visualize the formation characteristics (shape, formation position, and air permeability) of the root of the cohesive zone. From the observation results of the sonde, etc., the layer structure inside the cohesive zone showed that the thickness and cavity length of the coke slit layer greatly changed and the inclination angle of each layer changed greatly depending on the operating conditions. ing. Furthermore, as shown by the white arrows in Fig. 15, the position and thickness of the root change depending on the operating conditions.
  • Fig. 15 (a) shows a so-called W-shaped cohesive zone with a low deadman temperature in the deadman temperature
  • Fig. 15 (b) a high deadman temperature, a so-called inverted V-shape. In this case, the shape of the cohesive zone is shown.
  • the upper part of the cohesive zone root is the reducing gas distributed through the coke slit inside the cohesive zone from the furnace core toward the furnace wall (arrow in the figure).
  • the gas flow (arrow 3 in the figure) is larger than the surrounding area due to the merge of (2)), and the equation corresponding to the magnitude of the gas flow is
  • the norm of the spatial gradient vector dP (i, j, k) of the pressure defined by (15)
  • a value larger than the set value specified in advance The contour figure area selected by the contour lines can be estimated as the position corresponding to the upper part of the cohesive zone.
  • the lower part of the root of the cohesive zone is the return gas distributed through the coke slit inside the cohesive zone from the core to the furnace wall (arrow 2 in the figure).
  • the furnace wall Partly hits the furnace wall, descends along the furnace wall to the lower part of the blast furnace (arrow ⁇ in the figure), and merges with the flow rising from the lower part of the blast furnace along the furnace wall (arrow ⁇ in the figure) Therefore, the effective gas flow rate after merging is smaller than that of the surroundings, and the spatial gradient vector dP (i, When evaluated by the norm of j, another set value specified in advance
  • the contour figure area selected by the smaller contour lines can be estimated as the position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone.
  • the lower part of the cohesive zone root is the reducing gas distributed through the coke slit inside the cohesive zone from the furnace core toward the furnace wall (arrow 2 in the figure). After a part of the blast collides with the furnace wall, it descends to the lower part of the blast furnace along the furnace wall (arrow ⁇ in the figure) and rises from the lower part of the blast furnace along the furnace wall (arrow ⁇ in the figure).
  • the direction of the gas flow after merging is inclined in the furnace circumferential direction
  • the equation (16) which corresponds to the magnitude of the gas flow inclination in the furnace circumferential direction, corresponds to Absolute value of declination Zd (i, j, k) defined with the clockwise direction defined as positive with respect to the furnace height direction (h-axis direction) of the spatial gradient vector (, zo,) of the defined pressure
  • the reducing gas (arrow ⁇ in the figure) distributed from the core to the furnace wall through the coke slit inside the cohesive zone is effective because the air permeability of the coke slit is kept good. Therefore, the flow is distributed more appropriately than in the case of (a) in Fig. 15 and rises along the furnace wall to the upper part of the blast furnace even after it hits the furnace wall (arrow ⁇ in the figure). Becomes dominant.
  • the reducing gas (arrow ⁇ in the figure) distributed from the core to the furnace wall through the coke slit inside the cohesive zone functions effectively while maintaining good permeability of the coke slit. Therefore, the upper part of the cohesive zone root is joined with more reducing gas than the lower part, so that the upper part of the cohesive zone root is more effective than the lower part. Large gas flow.
  • the upper part of the root of the cohesive zone extends from the core to the wall of the cohesive zone inside the cohesive zone.
  • the gas flow (arrow 6 in the figure) is increased from the lower part of the cohesive zone root (arrow ⁇ in the figure) due to the merging of the reducing gas (arrow ⁇ in the figure) distributed through the slit. .
  • the contour figure area selected by the contour line with a larger value is the position corresponding to the upper part of the cohesive zone, and the contour figure area selected by the contour line with a value smaller than another preset value specified in advance. Can be estimated as the position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone.
  • Figs. 15 (a) and (b) show the definitions of equations (15) and (16).
  • Norm of the spatial gradient vector of pressure Calculate dP (i, j, k) and declination ZdP (i, j, and the temperature temporal gradient ⁇ 7 ⁇ _ /,) defined by equation (23), and calculate them on a two-dimensional plane or two-dimensional plane.
  • contour figure or the characteristic information of the figure obtained by this method is combined and calculated, and the upper and lower positions of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone are calculated using the characteristic information of the figure obtained from the calculation result.
  • the method of estimating and visualizing is described.
  • Figure 16 shows the position corresponding to the upper part of the cohesive zone root evaluated by the norm I of the pressure spatial gradient vector dP (i, j, k) defined by Eq. (15), and specified in advance. It is estimated as the contour figure area selected by the contour line having a value larger than the set value (for example, 0.004) to be set. It is developed and shown on a two-dimensional plane with the furnace circumference direction on the axis and the furnace height direction on the vertical axis.
  • Figure 16 shows that the position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone root is evaluated by the norm I of the spatial gradient vector d (j, j, l) of the pressure defined by Eq. (15).
  • the contour figure area is estimated as a contour figure area selected by contour lines with a value smaller than the specified setting value (for example, 0.005), and this contour figure area is defined as a vertical and horizontal hatching area. It is shown.
  • the preset value used here is a value normalized by a certain value, and the unit is dimensionless.
  • the characteristic information of a plurality of oblique hatched areas corresponding to the position corresponding to the upper part of the cohesive zone root is indicated by the cohesive zone root. It can be visualized as the top position of the corresponding position.
  • the characteristic information of multiple vertical and horizontal hatching areas corresponding to the position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone root is shown as the cohesive zone root. It can be visualized as the lower end position of the corresponding position.
  • Figure 17 shows the position corresponding to the lower part of the root of the cohesive zone as the declination of the spatial gradient vector d, j, K) of pressure defined by Eq. (16).
  • This contour figure region is shown as an oblique hatching region, and is developed in a two-dimensional plane in which the horizontal axis represents the furnace circumference and the vertical axis represents the furnace height direction.
  • characteristic information of a plurality of oblique hatched areas corresponding to the position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone root, that is, isolines located below the hatched area in the furnace height direction are indicated by the cohesive zone root equivalent position.
  • L 2 of the cohesive zone root equivalent position can be visualized by estimating the lower end position L 2 of.
  • the dashed lines also show the estimated upper end position curve U1 and the estimated lower end position curve L1 of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone shown in FIG.
  • Figure 18 shows the position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone root evaluated by the absolute value of temperature temporal gradient ⁇ 7 ⁇ (,) defined by equation (23)
  • the area where ATt (i, j, k)> 0 is defined as the oblique hatching area, the area where 0 is defined as the vertical and horizontal hatching area, the horizontal axis represents the furnace circumferential direction, and the vertical axis represents the furnace height direction. This is shown in an example where it is developed on a two-dimensional plane with orientations. In Fig.
  • the characteristic information of the multiple hatched areas corresponding to the position corresponding to the lower part of the cohesive zone root that is, the isoline located above the oblique hatched area in the furnace height direction and the isoline located below
  • a real curve L3 passing between the diagonal hatching area and the vertical and horizontal hatching area is converted to the position corresponding to the fusion zone root. It can be visualized by estimating the lower end position of.
  • the upper end position estimation curve U 1 and the lower end position estimation curve L 1 corresponding to the cohesive zone root portion shown in FIG. 16 are indicated by short broken lines, and correspond to the cohesive zone root portion shown in FIG. 17.
  • the upper end position estimation curve U2 and the lower end position estimation curve L2 of the position are indicated by long broken lines.
  • the norm I and the deflection angle ZdP (i, j,) of the pressure spatial gradient vector di, j, k, defined by Eqs. (15) and (16) k), and the temporal gradient of the temperature defined by equation (23), ⁇ 7 ⁇ ,) and calculate the result on a two-dimensional plane or on the surface of a three-dimensional solid formed by bonding two-dimensional planes.
  • a method for estimating and visualizing the upper and lower ends of the cohesive zone root position based on the figure or characteristic information of the figure formed and arranged will be described.
  • Fig. 19 shows the spatial gradient vector of pressure dP (_i, j, k) defined by Eq. (15) shown in Fig. 16.
  • the top position U 1 and the bottom position L 1 of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone estimated from the figure area are represented by short broken lines, and the spatial gradient vector of the pressure defined by equation (16) shown in Fig. 17 ⁇ ,) Declination ⁇ j;) Contour lines formed at the top of the cohesive zone estimated from the contour figure region
  • the upper and lower positions U 2 and L 2 corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone are shown by long dashed lines.
  • the lower end position L3 of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone estimated from the contour figure region formed by is shown by the dashed line.
  • the average value of the upper end positions U1 and U2 in the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone in the furnace height direction is indicated by the thick solid curve in the figure as the upper end position U4 of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone.
  • the average value of the lower end positions L1, 2 and 1 ⁇ 3 of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone in the furnace height direction is shown by a thick solid curve in the figure as the lower end position L4 of the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone.
  • P UQ, i, k and pL (l, i, k) are the circumferential directions of the upper end position U 1 and the lower end position L 1 corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone in FIG. HU (, i, k) and hL4, i, k)-are the weighting factors at the discretized coordinates (i) and discretized time (k), and are the cohesive zones obtained as a result of the weighted average calculation.
  • Upper end of root equivalent position These are discretized coordinates in the furnace height direction at the position U4 and the lower end position L4.
  • the method of estimating and visualizing the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone according to the present invention described so far can be carried out sequentially according to the time transition of each measurement data. It is possible to estimate and visualize the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone in accordance with the temporal transition of the cohesion zone.
  • the method of the present invention has been described using stap temperature data and shaft pressure data as an example.However, the method of the present invention does not need to be limited to stap temperature data and shaft pressure data. However, it goes without saying that other measurement data and methods combining them are also effective.
  • the data processing device 4 is configured by a computer CPU or MPU, RAM, ROM, or the like, and can be realized by operating a program recorded in RAM or ROM. Therefore, the present invention can be realized by recording a program that causes a computer to perform the above functions on a storage medium and reading the program.
  • a storage medium a CD-ROM, a DVD, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, a magneto-optical tape, a nonvolatile memory card, or the like can be used.
  • the functions of the above-described embodiments are realized not only by the computer executing the supplied program, but also the program code is executed by the operating system (OS) or other application running on the computer. Needless to say, such a program code is also included in the embodiment of the present invention when the functions of the above-described embodiment are realized in cooperation with software or the like.
  • OS operating system
  • the method of the present invention described in detail above is configured by pasting measurement data of the measurement target amount from sensors installed in a plurality of blast furnaces onto a two-dimensional plane or a two-dimensional plane reflecting the installation position of each sensor. Three-dimensional By arranging them on the surface, the spatial distribution state and temporal change of each measurement data can be represented as a figure or feature information of the figure formed by them, and these can be evaluated.
  • the norm and declination of the spatial rate-of-change vector of pressure, and isolines of the temporal gradient of temperature By estimating and visualizing the position corresponding to the root of the cohesive zone using the contour figure region and figure feature information formed by the blast furnace, it becomes possible to accurately monitor the operation state of the blast furnace and predict the operation abnormality.
  • the monitoring target is a blast furnace.
  • the present invention is applied to a reactor (a brewing tank for beer, a petroleum refining tower, a nuclear reactor, a heat exchanger, etc.) that cannot directly detect the internal state quantity. Is also applicable.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
  • Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de contrôle des conditions de fonctionnement d'un haut fourneau, selon lequel les valeurs d'état mesurées par une pluralité de capteurs installés dans le haut fourneau sont disposées sur un plan bidimensionnel ou sur un corps tridimensionnel formé par l'assemblage de plans bidimensionnels qui reflète la position installée de chaque capteur, afin d'afficher la distribution et variation dynamique des valeurs d'état sous forme d'une figure ou d'informations caractéristiques relatives à une figure, qui est évaluée, ce qui permet de contrôler les conditions de fonctionnement du haut fourneau. Un gradient spatial de pression ou de température ou de ces deux paramètres à la fois, qui peuvent être des grandeurs potentielles, ou un espace lié au temps et calculé, et les normes ou les angles de déflexion des vecteurs ayant chacun ce gradient en tant que composante sont calculés, et parmi les figures des contours formées par les isogames des normes ou des angles de déflexion, la figure qui est déterminée par des valeurs pré-spécifiées de régulation des limites supérieure et inférieure est supposée être une position correspondant à une racine de zone de fusion.
PCT/JP2001/011683 2000-12-28 2001-12-28 Procede, dispositif et programme de controle des conditions de fonctionnement d'un haut fourneau WO2002053785A1 (fr)

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BR122013017563A BR122013017563B1 (pt) 2000-12-28 2001-12-28 método e aparelho para monitorar uma condição de operação de um alto-forno
KR1020037008858A KR100604461B1 (ko) 2000-12-28 2001-12-28 고로의 조업 상태 감시 방법 및 장치
BRPI0116637-9B1A BR0116637B1 (pt) 2000-12-28 2001-12-28 Método para monitorar uma condição de operação de alto-forno

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JP2000-400190 2000-12-28
JP2001-118176 2001-04-17
JP2001118176A JP4094245B2 (ja) 2001-04-17 2001-04-17 高炉操業における操業監視方法、装置、コンピュータプログラム、及びコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体

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CN114525372A (zh) * 2022-01-05 2022-05-24 浙江大学 基于多模态融合的高炉状态监测方法及装置

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TWI450969B (zh) * 2012-01-19 2014-09-01 China Steel Corp 高爐鐵水溫度之估測方法
KR101412403B1 (ko) * 2012-07-30 2014-06-25 현대제철 주식회사 고로의 장입물 강하 판단 방법
CN103438806B (zh) * 2013-08-19 2016-03-30 新冶高科技集团有限公司 用于电镀锡生产线中软熔线高度检测与控制的方法
CN103593540B (zh) * 2013-11-28 2016-06-29 中南大学 多源信息融合确定高炉软熔带根部位置的方法
CN104460472A (zh) * 2014-10-15 2015-03-25 福建省纳金网信息技术有限公司 一种快速定位闪速炉报警位置系统及方法
CN107590333A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2018-01-16 北京金恒博远科技股份有限公司 高炉内部料层的仿真方法及装置
CN107609261A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2018-01-19 北京金恒博远科技股份有限公司 高炉布料过程的仿真方法、装置及系统
KR102121910B1 (ko) * 2017-12-15 2020-06-11 주식회사 포스코 고로의 송풍 제어 장치 및 그 방법
KR102075210B1 (ko) * 2017-12-19 2020-02-07 주식회사 포스코 노황 관리 장치 및 방법
KR102059246B1 (ko) * 2017-12-29 2019-12-24 주식회사 포스코아이씨티 용광로 센싱 데이터 처리 시스템
KR20200017602A (ko) * 2018-08-01 2020-02-19 주식회사 포스코 고로의 잔여 출선량 예측 시스템 및 그 방법
KR102349441B1 (ko) * 2019-11-04 2022-01-11 주식회사 바이엠텍 용광로 온도 측정 방법 및 장치
CN110835661B (zh) * 2019-11-15 2022-03-25 武汉钢铁有限公司 一种高炉操作炉型的判断方法
CN114154787A (zh) * 2021-10-26 2022-03-08 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 一种高炉炉况在线评价系统
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TWI824433B (zh) * 2022-03-09 2023-12-01 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 高爐爐頂溫度模擬系統與方法
CN115326657B (zh) * 2022-10-14 2023-01-17 北京科技大学 非停炉高炉焦炭粒度降解在线监测及评价方法和系统
CN116064980B (zh) * 2023-01-17 2023-12-05 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 一种利用压力梯度表征高炉气流的方法

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CN114525372B (zh) * 2022-01-05 2022-10-28 浙江大学 基于多模态融合的高炉状态监测方法及装置

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