WO2002052339A1 - Dispositif d'affichage electrochromique et dispositif d'affichage forme par electrodeposition - Google Patents
Dispositif d'affichage electrochromique et dispositif d'affichage forme par electrodeposition Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002052339A1 WO2002052339A1 PCT/JP2001/011535 JP0111535W WO02052339A1 WO 2002052339 A1 WO2002052339 A1 WO 2002052339A1 JP 0111535 W JP0111535 W JP 0111535W WO 02052339 A1 WO02052339 A1 WO 02052339A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1516—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising organic material
- G02F1/15165—Polymers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1506—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect caused by electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode
- G02F1/1508—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect caused by electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode using a solid electrolyte
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
- G02F2001/1635—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor the pixel comprises active switching elements, e.g. TFT
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F2001/164—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect the electrolyte is made of polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrochromic display device using an electrochromic display, a display device using the same, and a display device using a material that changes color by electrochemical oxidation or reduction.
- Background technology ''
- Electrochromic display devices which develop colors based on electrochemical action, are superior to the above-mentioned electrophoretic systems in terms of high contrast, and have already been used in dimming glass and watch displays. Has been used. However, dimming glass and timepiece displays do not require matrix drive in the first place, so they cannot be applied to display applications such as electronic vapor, and in general, the quality of black is poor. The reflectance is low. ⁇
- the present invention provides an electorifice chromic display element and an electrochromic display capable of maintaining a high black density without causing a problem such as fading even when used for a long time. Another purpose is to provide equipment. Disclosure of the invention
- an electrochromic display element includes a first transparent electrode controlled by a driving element, an electroactive element which is in contact with the transparent electrode, has electroactivity, and has an electrochemical property.
- the polymer material layer existing between the first transparent electrode and the second electrode is formed by applying a current between the first transparent electrode and the second electrode.
- the color changes due to electrical activity. Since the solid polymer electrolyte layer in contact with the polymer material layer contains a coloring agent, the contrast when the color change occurs in the polymer material layer can be increased. Since the first transparent electrode is controlled by a driving element, matrix driving is possible by arranging a plurality of the elements.
- another electrodeposition type display element of the present invention is a first transparent electrode controlled by a driving element, a polymer solid electrolyte layer containing a colorant and metal ions, and the first transparent electrode. And a second electrode having the polymer solid electrolyte layer interposed therebetween.
- the gold contained in the polymer solid electrolyte layer is present in the polymer solid electrolyte layer existing between the first transparent electrode and the second electrode. Electrochemical deposition by ions occurs, causing color change. Since the polymer solid electrolyte layer contains a colorant, the contrast when a color change occurs can be increased, and matrix driving can be performed by a driving element.
- a plurality of electrochromic display elements having the structure of the electrochromic display element of the present invention or a plurality of electrodeposition display elements having the structure of the electrodeposition display element are arranged in a plane. This constitutes an electorifice chromic display device or an electrodeposition type display device.
- FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of an electrochromic display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the electoric chromic display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of an electro-deposition type display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the electro-deposition type display device of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. A, 5B and 5C are cross-sectional views showing the steps of a method for manufacturing an electrochromic display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A shows a TFT and a transparent pixel electrode.
- Fig. 5B is a process sectional view up to the immersion step in the electrodeposition tank
- Fig. 5C is a process sectional view up to the polymer solid electrolyte layer forming process
- 6A, 6B and 6C show an electrochromic display according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a manufacturing method of the device and is a process cross-sectional view following FIG. 5A, FIG.
- FIG. 7A is a process cross-sectional view of a method of manufacturing an electrochromic display device according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 7A is a process cross-sectional view up to a process of forming a TFT and a transparent pixel electrode.
- FIG. 7C is a process cross-sectional view up to a step of forming an electrolyte layer
- FIG. 7C is a process cross-sectional view up to an immersion step in an electrodeposition tank
- FIG. 8A is a process cross-sectional view of a manufacturing method of an electro-deposition type display device according to a fifth embodiment
- FIG. FIG. 8B is a process cross-sectional view up to the step of forming the polymer solid electrolyte layer
- FIG. 8C is a process cross-sectional view up to the support crimping step
- FIG. 9A is a method for manufacturing an electro-deposition type display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view of a process continued from FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C. Is a process sectional view up to the lamination process.
- FIG. 8B is a process cross-sectional view up to the step of forming the polymer solid electrolyte layer
- FIG. 8C is a process cross-sectional view up to the support crimping step
- FIG. 9A is a method for manufacturing an
- FIG. 9B is a sectional view of the process up to the step of attaching the sealing member
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the electrochromic display device or the electrodeposition type display device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention on the transparent pixel electrode side.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view of the structure of the common electrode side of the electrochromic display device or the electrodeposition display device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of an electrochromic display device or an electrodeposition display device according to a sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current density and the optical density (color density) in the electrodeposition display device of the present invention. It is a graph of the measurement result shown.
- the electrochromic display device of the present embodiment has a structure in which a plurality of electrochromic display elements having the structure of an electrochromic display element are arranged in a plane.
- the electrochromic display device of the present embodiment is a first transparent electrode controlled by a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) 13 which is a driving element.
- TFT Thin Film Transistor
- the transparent pixel electrode 12 and the TFT 13 are formed so as to constitute one pixel by combining each one, and each pixel is formed on the transparent support 11 by a matrix.
- a transparent glass substrate such as a quartz glass plate or a white plate glass plate can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- Ester such as polyethylene naphtholate, polyethylene terephthalate, or polyamide.
- Cellulose ester such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate, etc., fluoropolymer such as poly (vinylidene fluoride), polytetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyether such as polyoxymethylene, polyacetal, polystyrene, polyethylene, Examples include polyolefins such as polypropylene and methylpentene polymer, and polyimides such as polyimide-amide-polyesterimide. When these synthetic resins are used as a support, they can be made into a rigid substrate shape that does not easily bend, but they can also be made into a flexible film-like structure.
- fluoropolymer such as poly (vinylidene fluoride), polytetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyether such as polyoxymethylene, polyacetal, polystyrene, polyethylene
- polyolefins such as polypropylene and methylpentene poly
- the transparent pixel electrodes 12 are made of a transparent conductive film formed in a substantially rectangular or square pattern, and each pixel is separated as shown in FIG. TFT 13 is provided.
- Mixtures of I n 2 ⁇ 3 and S n 0 2 it is preferable to use a so-called IT_ ⁇ film or S N_ ⁇ 2 or I n 2 0 3 the coatings and films.
- These I Ding ⁇ film Ya 3 11_Rei was 2 or may even those doped with S n and S b a membrane coated with I n 2 0 3, it is also possible to use a M g O and Z eta theta . .
- the TFT 13 formed for each pixel is selected by a wiring (not shown) and controls the corresponding transparent pixel electrode 12.
- TFT 13 is extremely effective in preventing crosstalk between pixels.
- the TFT 13 is formed so as to occupy one corner of the transparent pixel electrode 12, but may have a structure in which the transparent pixel electrode 12 overlaps the TFT 13 in the laminating direction. Specifically, a gate line and a data line are connected to the TFT 13, a gate electrode of each TFT 13 is connected to each gate line, and a source / drain of each TFT 13 is connected to the data line. And the other of the source and the drain is electrically connected to the transparent pixel electrode 12.
- the driving elements other than the TFT 13 are matrix driving circuits used for a flat display, and may be other materials as long as they can be formed on a transparent substrate.
- Such a transparent pixel electrode 12 and TFT 13 are in contact with a polymer layer 14 which is a polymer material layer.
- the polymer layer 14 is a polymer material having electroactivity and is made of an electrochromic material.
- the polymer layer 14 has a property of discoloring due to electrochemical oxidation or reduction, and changes color to black when a potential difference is applied to the transparent pixel electrode 12 which is one of the capacity counter electrodes.
- a so-called conductive polymer obtained by electrolytic synthesis is particularly preferable. This is because of the conductivity, the electron transfer reaction is rapid, and the coloring and decoloring reactions are performed quickly. Examples of preferred polymers are listed in Table 1 below.
- a polymer material obtained by electrolytic oxidation polymerization of a derivative of pyrrole, thiophene, azulene, or aniline may be used.
- materials according to combinations of polymers and their derivatives listed in Table 1 below can also be used.
- Polymer Oxidation potential (vs. L i + / L i) Reduction potential (vs. L i + / L i) Coulomb efficiency Polypyrrole 2.85 2.99% or more Polyaniline 4.2.4.0 99% or more Polyazulene 3.6.3.2.99% or higher Polythiophene 4.5.3.6 963 ⁇ 4 Polyindole 3.8.3.5 953 ⁇ 4 Polycarpazole 3.7.3.6813 ⁇ 4
- polymer materials polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyazulene, polythiophene, polyindole, polycarbazole listed in this table, one of the particularly preferable ones is polypyrrolyl.
- the solid polymer electrolyte layer 15 is formed so as to be in contact with the polymer layer 14 that performs the color formation.
- the polymer solid electrolyte composing the polymer solid electrolyte layer 15 and the polymer material which is the electoric chromic material are formed in a composite form, the volume change of the polymer material due to color development and decoloration causes It is preferable because it is difficult to fall off and pulverize, and the durability is increased.
- the skeleton unit is one (CC-0) friendshipand one (CC (CH 3 ) ⁇ ), respectively.
- plasticizers include water, ethyl alcohol, isopyl propyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof when the matrix polymer is hydrophilic, and propylene glycol, dimethyl carbonate, and ethylene when the matrix polymer is hydrophobic.
- polymer solid electrolyte is formed by dissolving an electrolyte in a polymer for the matrix
- examples of the electrolyte a lithium salt, for example L i C 1, L i B r, L i I, L i BF 4, L i C 10 4, and the like L i PF 6, L i CF 3 S 0 3
- potassium salts for example KC 1, KI, or the like KB r
- sodium ⁇ beam salts such as N a C l, N al, N a Br or tetraalkylammonium salt, for example, tetraethylammonium borofluoride, tetraethylammonium perchlorate, tetrabutylammonium borofluoride, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, And tetrabutylammonium halide.
- the alkyl chain length of the quaternary ammonium salt described above may be irregular.
- This solid polymer electrolyte is a solid polymer electrolyte that is previously placed on the first electrode. After a layer is formed by an appropriate method, it is obtained by placing it in an electrodeposition tank containing a pyrrole monomer and subjecting it to electrolytic oxidation polymerization.
- the polymer solid electrolyte layer 15 contains a coloring agent for improving contrast.
- a coloring agent for improving contrast As described above, when the color of the polymer layer 14 is black, a white, highly opaque material is introduced as the background color.
- white particles for coloring are used, and as the white particles for coloring, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silica, magnesium oxide, and aluminum oxide can be used.
- the mixing ratio of the coloring agent is preferably about 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably about 1 to; L 0 wt%, and more preferably about 5 to 10 wt% when inorganic particles are used. . This is because inorganic white particles such as titanium oxide do not dissolve in the polymer but only disperse.If the mixing ratio increases, the inorganic particles aggregate and the optical density becomes uneven. I will. In addition, since the inorganic particles do not have ionic conductivity, an increase in the mixing ratio causes a decrease in the conductivity of the polymer solid electrolyte. Considering both, the upper limit of the mixing ratio is about 20 wt%.
- the polymer solid electrolyte layer 15 When inorganic particles are mixed as a colorant, the polymer solid electrolyte layer 15 preferably has a thickness of 20 // m to 200 m, and the polymer solid electrolyte layer 15 has a thickness of It is preferably from 50 m to 150 m, more preferably from 70 m to 150 zm. Thinner ones reduce the resistance between the electrodes, which leads to a reduction in color development / decoloration time and a reduction in power consumption. ( However, if the thickness is less than 20 ⁇ m, the mechanical strength decreases and pinholes and cracks are reduced. undesirable is caused.
- the proportion mix whiteness will be (optical density) is not sufficient (colorants, in case of dyes, It may be 10 wt% because the coloring efficiency of the dye is much higher than that of the inorganic particles. is there. Therefore, if the dye is electrochemically stable, a small amount of contrast can be obtained.
- oil-soluble dyes are preferred as pigments.
- a common electrode 16 is formed as a second electrode.
- the common electrode 16 may be any electrochemically stable metal, but is preferably platinum, chromium, aluminum, cobalt, palladium, etc., and is formed of a good conductor such as a metal film on the support 17. It can be created by forming a film. Further, carbon can be used as a common electrode if the metal used for the main reaction can be sufficiently or previously supplemented.
- As a method of supporting the electrodes on the electrodes for this purpose there is a method of forming an ink using a resin and printing the ink on the substrate surface. By using carbon, the cost of the electrode can be reduced.
- the support 17 does not need to be transparent, and may be a substrate or a film capable of securely holding the common electrode 16 and the polymer solid electrolyte layer 15.
- a glass substrate such as a quartz glass plate, a white plate glass plate, or the like, a ceramic substrate, a paper substrate, or a wood substrate can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- a synthetic resin substrate polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.
- Ester such as taret, cellulose ester such as polyamide, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, fluorine polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene-cohexafluoropropylene, polyoxy
- fluorine polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride
- polytetrafluoroethylene-cohexafluoropropylene polyoxy
- polyethers such as methylene, polyacetals, polyolefins such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and methylpentene polymers
- polyimides such as polyimidamide / polyetherimide.
- a sealing resin portion 18 holding both supports 11 and 17 is formed around the first transparent electrode side and the second electrode so as to face each other.
- the sealing resin 18 is used to support both the supports 11 and 17 and the transparent pixel electrode 12 and the TFT 13 disposed between them, the polymer layer 14, the polymer solid electrolyte layer 15, and the common The electrode 16 is securely held.
- the electrochromic display device of the present embodiment matrix driving is possible using the TFT 13, and the contrast and the black density are increased by selecting the material of the polymer layer 14. be able to.
- the electro-deposition type display device of the present embodiment has a first transparent electrode controlled by a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) 23 which is a driving element.
- TFT Thin Film Transistor
- a plurality of electro-deposition type display elements having 6 are arranged in a plane.
- the transparent pixel electrode 22 and the TFT 23 are formed so as to constitute one pixel by combining each one, and each pixel is formed on the transparent support 21.
- the transparent support 21 as in the first embodiment, a transparent glass substrate such as a quartz glass plate or a white plate glass plate can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- Esters such as phthalates, polyamides, polycarbonates, acetate cells
- Cellulose esters such as polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride, fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene-cohexafluoropropylene, polyethers such as polyoxymethylene, polyolefins such as polyacetal, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and methylpentene polymer; and
- Polyimides such as polyimide amide / polyetherimide can be mentioned as examples.
- these synthetic resins When these synthetic resins are used as a support, they can be made into a rigid substrate shape that does not bend easily, but they can also be made into a flexible film-like structure.
- the pixel electrode 22 is made of a transparent conductive film formed in a substantially rectangular or square pattern, and as shown in FIG. 3, the pixels are separated from each other. Two and three are arranged. Mixtures of I n 2 0 3 and S N_ ⁇ 2, a so-called I TO film or S n 0 2 or I n 2 0 3 is the use of coatings membrane preferred. These ITO films or films coated with Sn 2 or In 2 3 may be doped with Sn or Sb, and MgO, Z ⁇ , or the like may be used.
- the TFT 23 formed for each pixel is selected by a wiring (not shown) and controls the corresponding transparent pixel electrode 22.
- TFT 23 is extremely effective in preventing crosstalk between pixels.
- the TFT 23 is formed, for example, so as to occupy one corner of the transparent pixel electrode 22, but may have a structure in which the transparent pixel electrode 22 overlaps the TFT 23 in the laminating direction. Specifically, a gate line and a data line are connected to the TFT 23, a gate electrode of each TFT 13 is connected to each gate line, and one of a source drain of each TFT 23 is connected to the data line. And the other of the source and the drain is electrically connected to the transparent pixel electrode 22.
- the driving elements other than the TFT 23 are matrix driving circuits used for a flat-panel display, and may be other materials as long as they can be formed on a transparent substrate.
- the polymer solid electrolyte layer 25 contains metal ions, and the metal ions are used for discoloration.
- the metal ions used for discoloration are displayed by discoloration, electrochemical deposition, so-called electroplating and elution, which is the reverse reaction, reversibly performed.
- the metal ions capable of developing and decoloring by such electrochemical deposition and elution are not particularly limited, and include bismuth, copper, silver, lithium, iron, and chromium as metal ions.
- Examples of the ion include nickel, nickel, and iron ions or a combination thereof, and particularly preferred metal ions are bismuth and silver.
- the reason why bismuth or silver is preferable is that a reversible reaction can be easily promoted and the degree of discoloration at the time of precipitation is high.
- the skeleton unit is one (C-C-0) n —, one (C) -C (CH 3 ) -0) n- , one (CC-N) n — or — (CCS) n — represented by polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethyleneimine, polyethylenes Luffid. These may have a branch as a main chain structure. Also preferred are polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate and the like.
- plasticizers include water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof when the matrix polymer is hydrophilic, and propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethylene carbonate when the matrix polymer is hydrophobic. Salt, arbutyrolactone, acetonitrile, sulfolane, dimethoxetane, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl alcohol Preferred are rumamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, n-methylpyrrolidone and mixtures thereof.
- a lithium salt for example L i C 1, L i B r, L i I, L i BF 4, L i C 1 0 4, L i PF 6, L i CF 3 S_ ⁇ 3 or the like
- potassium salts for example KC and KI, and the like KB r
- Na Toriumu salts for example N a C l, N al, N a Br or tetraalkylammonium salt, for example, tetraethylammonium borofluoride, tetraethylammonium perchlorate, tetrabutylammonium borofluoride, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, tetrabutyl Ammonia halide and the like can be mentioned.
- the alkyl chain length of the quaternary ammonium salt for example L i C 1, L i B r, L i I, L i BF 4, L i C 1 0 4, L i
- the polymer solid electrolyte layer 25 contains a coloring agent to improve contrast.
- a coloring agent to improve contrast.
- a white, highly opaque material is introduced as the background.
- white particles for coloring are used, and as the white particles for coloring, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silica, magnesium oxide, and aluminum oxide can be used.
- a dye for coloring can also be used.
- the mixing ratio of the coloring agent is preferably about 1 to 20 wt%, more preferably about 1 to 10 wt%, and still more preferably about 5 to 10 wt% when inorganic particles are used.
- the thickness of the polymer solid electrolyte layer 25 is preferably from 20 m to 200 m, and the thickness of the polymer solid electrolyte layer 25 is more preferably 5 0! 1150 51, more preferably 70 7150 m.
- the mixing ratio of the coloring agent may be 10 wt%. This is because the coloring efficiency of the dye is much higher than that of the inorganic particles. Therefore, if the dye is electrochemically stable, contrast can be obtained even with a small amount. Usually, oil-soluble dyes are preferred as the pigment.
- a common electrode 26 is formed as a second electrode.
- the common electrode 26 may be any metal that is electrochemically stable, but is preferably platinum, chromium, aluminum, cobalt, palladium, or the like, and is formed of a good conductor such as a metal film on the support 27. It can be created by forming a film.
- carbon can be used as a common electrode if the metal used for the main reaction can be sufficiently or previously supplemented.
- As a method of supporting carbon on the electrode for this purpose there is a method of forming an ink using a resin and printing the ink on a substrate surface. By using carbon, the cost of the electrode can be reduced.
- the support 27 does not need to be transparent, and may be a substrate or a film capable of securely holding the common electrode 26 or the polymer solid electrolyte layer 25, for example.
- the configuration can be the same as that of the support 17 of the embodiment.
- a sealing resin portion 28 holding both supports 11 and 17 is formed around the first transparent electrode side and the second electrode so as to face each other. The sealing resin portion 28 ensures that both the supports 21 and 27 and the transparent pixel electrode 22 and the TFT 23 disposed between them, the polymer solid electrolyte layer 25 and the common electrode 26 are securely connected. Will be retained.
- matrix driving can be performed by using the TFT 23 and metal ions contained in the high molecular solid electrolyte layer 25 can be used. Contrast and black density can be increased.
- the present embodiment is a method of manufacturing the electrochromic display device of the first embodiment, and will be described in the order of steps with reference to FIGS. 5A to 5C and 6A to 6C. .
- a transparent pixel electrode 32 made of an ITO film and a thin film transistor 33 are formed for each pixel on a transparent support 31 such as a glass substrate.
- the thin film transistor 33 is formed by using a known semiconductor manufacturing technique, and the IT film is formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the transparent pixel electrode 32 and the thin film transistor 33 are formed for each pixel, and the pixels are arranged on the transparent support 31 in a matrix.
- the electrodeposition liquid 36 is a liquid for depositing a polymer layer such as polypyrrole.
- the drive circuit 34 supplies electricity to each transparent pixel electrode 32 to deposit a polymer layer (not shown) such as polypyrrole on each transparent pixel electrode 32.
- each transparent pixel electrode 32 faces the electrode 37 for electrodeposition with the electrodeposition liquid 36 interposed therebetween.
- the polymer layer is immersed again in an electrodeposition solution that does not contain a polymer material for discoloration (in this case, pyrol), the polymer layer is removed, and the top of the transparent pixel electrode 32 is temporarily removed. Return to transparent.
- the transparent support 31 is removed from the electrodeposited solution, washed with ethanol, and dried in a vacuum.
- the polymer solid electrolyte layer is placed on the transparent support 31. 3 8 are formed.
- the synthetic resin serving as the polymer for the matrix (base material) of the polymer solid electrolyte layer 38 and the material constituting the electrolyte for example, lithium salt, potassium salt, sodium salt, or tetraalkylammonium Materials such as salt are mixed, and white particles are dispersed and adjusted as a colorant.
- This polymer solid electrolyte material is applied to form a polymer solid electrolyte layer 38.
- a common electrode 39 made of a palladium film having a required film thickness is formed on a support 40 made of a polyethylene terephthalate film.
- the common electrode 39 on the support 40 has the common electrode 39 side pressed against the uncured solid polymer electrolyte layer 38, as shown in FIG. 6A. Pasted.
- the polymer solid electrolyte layer gelled by drying under reduced pressure is formed between the support 40 and the transparent support 31.
- a sealing member 41 is attached to the end of the bonding, and the electrochromic display device is completed.
- the electroactive polymer layer is deposited by immersing the electrode 36 in the electrodeposition bath 35 and applying a current, the polymer layer is formed on the transparent pixel electrode 32, The polymer solid electrolyte layer 38 is formed on the composite. For this reason, the polymer layer is prevented from falling off, and can be formed mainly on the transparent pixel electrode 32.
- the present embodiment is another example of a method for manufacturing the electrochromic display device of the first embodiment, and is a modification of the third embodiment. This embodiment will be described in the order of steps with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7C.
- a transparent pixel electrode 32 made of an ITO film and a thin film transistor 33 are formed on a transparent support 31 such as a glass substrate. Is formed for each pixel.
- the thin film transistor 33 is formed by using a known semiconductor manufacturing technique, and the ITO film is formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the transparent pixel electrode 32 and the thin film transistor 33 are formed for each pixel, and each pixel is transparently supported. It is arranged in a matrix on body 31.
- a lead portion (not shown) that can be connected to the drive circuit is also formed in a later step.
- a polymer solid electrolyte layer 38 is formed on the transparent support 31.
- a material such as a lithium salt, a potassium salt, a sodium salt, or a tetraalkylammonium salt, which is a synthetic resin serving as a polymer for the matrix (base material) of the polymer solid electrolyte layer 38 and a material constituting the electrolyte, is used.
- the white particles are dispersed and adjusted as a colorant.
- This polymer solid electrolyte material is applied to form a polymer solid electrolyte layer 38. At this stage, the solid polymer electrolyte layer 38 is dried and gelled.
- the electrodeposition liquid 36 is a liquid for depositing a polymer layer such as polypyrrole.
- a current is applied to each transparent pixel electrode 32 by the drive circuit 34 to deposit a polymer layer (not shown) such as polypropylene on each transparent pixel electrode 32.
- each transparent pixel electrode 32 faces the electrode 37 for electrodeposition with the electrodeposition liquid 36 interposed therebetween.
- the support serving as the second electrode and the common electrode side are bonded together, and through the steps shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C, the elect-opening chromic display device is completed.
- the present embodiment is a method for manufacturing the electro-deposition type display device of the second embodiment, and in the order of steps with reference to FIGS. 8A to 8C and 9A to 9B. explain.
- a transparent pixel electrode 52 made of an ITO film and a thin film transistor 53 are formed for each pixel on a transparent support 51 such as a glass substrate.
- the thin film transistor 53 uses a well-known semiconductor manufacturing technology.
- the ITO film is formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the transparent pixel electrode 52 and the thin film transistor 53 are formed for each pixel, and each pixel is arranged on the transparent support 51 in a matrix.
- the polymer solid electrolyte layer 54 is formed on the transparent support 51. Is formed.
- a synthetic resin serving as a polymer for the matrix (base material) of the polymer solid electrolyte layer 54 and a material constituting the electrolyte for example, a lithium salt, a potassium salt,
- a metal ion generator such as bismuth chloride is mixed with a material such as a sodium salt or a tetraalkylammonium salt, and white particles are dispersed and adjusted as a coloring material.
- This polymer solid electrolyte material is applied to form a polymer solid electrolyte layer 54.
- a common electrode 55 made of a palladium film having a required film thickness is formed on a support 56 made of a polyethylene terephthalate film, as shown in FIG. 8C.
- the common electrode 55 on the support 56 has the common electrode 55 side pressed to the uncured solid polymer electrolyte layer 54 and bonded together as shown in FIG. 9A.
- the polymer solid electrolyte layer gelled by drying under reduced pressure is formed between the support 56 and the transparent support 51.
- a sealing member 57 is attached to the end of the bonding, and an electrodeposition display device is completed.
- the electrochromic display device or the electro-deposition type display device of the present embodiment has a potential detection electrode 64, 65 independent of the first transparent electrode and the second electrode (common electrode) as the third electrode. Is an example in which is formed. These potential detection electrodes 64, 65 are disposed as electrically insulated members in the same plane as the transparent pixel electrode or the common electrode on the transparent support, and the transparent pixel electrode on the transparent support is provided. Alternatively, it is used to detect the potential of the common electrode.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of the first transparent electrode side.
- a transparent pixel electrode 63 and a TFT 62 as a driving element are formed for each pixel, and each pixel is arranged in a matrix.
- the potential detection electrode 64 for detecting the potential of the transparent pixel electrode is formed in a substantially cross-shaped pattern in the space between the pixels, and its end (shown by a black circle in the figure) is approximately thick. It is a silver or aluminum electrode of 100 nm. The line connecting the ends is a silver or aluminum wire with a width of about 1 m. T This potential detection electrode 64 is electrically insulated in the same plane as the transparent pixel electrode 63.
- the potential of the transparent pixel electrode 63 can be accurately monitored, and therefore, the reaction occurring in the transparent pixel electrode 63 can be detected.
- the material of the potential detection electrode 64 it is preferable to select a stable metal material that does not spontaneously elute into a medium that does not participate in the reaction at all. Similar to the second electrode, platinum, chromium, aluminum, cobalt, palladium And silver.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view of the second electrode.
- the common electrode 67 is formed on the support 66, and the potential detection electrode 65 is formed in a reverse-vertex pattern. Since the potential detection electrode 65 is formed as an electrically insulated member in the same plane as the common electrode 67, it is possible to accurately monitor the potential of the common electrode 67. Generated at electrodes 6 7 Reaction can be detected.
- As the material of the potential detection electrode 65 it is preferable to select a stable metal material that does not spontaneously elute into a medium that does not participate in the reaction at all. Like the second electrode, platinum, chromium, aluminum, cobalt, You can choose palladium, silver, etc. Also, since the potential detection electrode 65 can be formed of the same material in the same plane as the common electrode 67, it can be easily formed by patterning between the potential detection electrode 65 and the common electrode 67. is there.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of an electrochromic display device or an electrodeposition type display device provided with a potential detection electrode 76. Pixels composed of TFTs 74 and transparent pixel electrodes 75 are arranged in a matrix, and the counter electrode side of the capacitance is a common electrode. A data line driving circuit 72, 72a for selecting each pixel and a gate line driving circuit 73 are provided, and a predetermined data line 78 and a gate line 77 are respectively provided in the signal control unit 7 Selected by the signal from 1.
- the signal control unit 71 is configured to be connected to the potential detection electrode 76, and the potential of the pixel portion can be monitored by a signal from the potential detection electrode 76.
- the material of the potential detection electrode 76 a stable metal material that does not spontaneously elute into a medium that does not participate in the reaction at all is selected, and the progress of the main reaction of electrochromic or metal deposition and dissolution is accurately monitored. You can do one. From the monitor using the potential detection electrode 76, when a sufficient precipitation or electrochemical reaction has been performed, further reaction can be stopped.
- An IT film and a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) arranged in a plane at a pitch of 150 m were formed by a known method on a glass substrate having a thickness of 1.5 mm and a size of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm.
- a lead portion connected to a drive circuit was formed from the substrate by a known method, and then the whole was placed in an electrodeposition tank (see FIG. 5B).
- the electrodeposition solution was obtained by dissolving 1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroporate and 0.1 M pyrrole in propylene carbonate. Next, a current of 0.22 A was supplied to each pixel from the driving circuit until the supplied electric energy reached 20 C. Black polypropylene was deposited on each ITO.
- the glass substrate is placed in an electrolytic bath containing an electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving 1 M of tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroporate in propylene carbonate, and each pixel electrode is referred to as Ag + / Ag.
- the voltage was set to 1 V with respect to the electrode, and the ions doped into polypyrrole during electrolytic polymerization were eliminated.
- the polypyrrole turned slightly yellowish and transparent.
- the substrate was taken out, washed with ethanol, and dried in vacuum.
- a palladium film having a thickness of 300 A was formed by sputtering on a polyethylene terephthalate film having a size of 0.5 cm and a size of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm. This was pressure-bonded immediately after the application of the solid polymer electrolyte. (Evaluation of drive and display characteristics)
- a known active matrix drive circuit oxidizes the display electrode with 5 ⁇ C of electricity per pixel during color development and reduces it with the same amount of electricity during decolorization, resulting in black display and colorless (white) display. Switched.
- the circuit After placing the circuit in the color-developing state, the circuit was left open and left. One week later, the optical density of the display section was about 1.0, indicating that it had memory properties.
- the cycle of coloring and decoloring was repeated, the number of repeating cycles until the black density at the time of coloring became 1.0 or less was about 800,000.
- a polymer solid electrolyte was applied on a TFT substrate in advance, dried and gelled in the same manner as in Example 1, placed in an electrodeposition tank, and energized in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Polypyrrole was deposited on the upper surface in a state of being composited with a matrix polymer of a solid polymer electrolyte. After taking out from the electrodeposition tank, the counter electrode (second electrode) was immediately attached and dried under reduced pressure under the same conditions.
- ITO films and TFTs Thin Film Transistors arranged in a plane at a pitch of 150 ⁇ m were prepared by a known method on a glass substrate with a thickness of 1.5 cm and a size of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm. .
- 1 part by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride having a molecular weight of about 350,000 is mixed with 10 parts by weight of a 1: 1 mixed solvent of water and isopropyl alcohol, 1.7 parts by weight of lithium bromide, and 1.7 parts by weight of bismuth chloride. Then, the mixture was heated to 120 ° C. to prepare a homogeneous solution.
- a palladium film having a thickness of 300 A was formed by sputtering on a polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 0.5 cm and a size of 10 cm by 10 cm. This was pressure-bonded immediately after the application of the solid polymer electrolyte. (Evaluation of drive and display characteristics)
- a known active matrix drive circuit oxidizes the display electrode with 5 C per pixel during color development, and reduces it with the same amount of electricity during decoloration, thereby providing black display and colorless (white) display. Switched.
- the circuit After leaving the circuit in the color-developed state, the circuit was opened and left to stand. One week later, there was no particular change in the optical density of the display section, and it had memory properties. When the cycle of coloring and decoloring is repeated, the number of repetition cycles until the black density at the time of coloring becomes 1.0 or less was about 800,000 times.
- Fig. 13 shows the measurement results.
- the density of the character portion needs to be at least 1.0 or more, preferably 1.5 or more in optical density (0D). Therefore, from the results shown in the first 3 figures, necessary current quantity of electricity is about 5 mC / cm 2 or more, it can be seen preferably 1 OMC / cm 2 or more.
- the amount of electricity is less than this range, there is a problem that characters are thin and difficult to read.
- the electrochromic display element and the display device of the present invention can be driven in a matrix by a driving element formed for each pixel, and can be electrochemically oxidized in contact with the solid polymer electrolyte. Since a polymer material that develops color by reduction is used, contrast and black density can be increased.
- the present invention also provides an electrodeposition type display element and a display device. Since a polymer solid electrolyte containing metal ions is used, even when used for a long time, there is no problem such as discoloration and the black density can be maintained at a high value.
- an electoral opening chromic display device or an electoral opening deposition type display device of the present invention it is possible to easily produce the electoral opening chromic display device or the electrodeposition type display device having the above-described structure. it can.
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- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01271891A EP1347330A4 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2001-12-27 | ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY ELEMENT AND ELECTRODE DISPLACEMENT ELEMENT |
KR1020027011232A KR20020077512A (ko) | 2000-12-27 | 2001-12-27 | 일렉트로크로믹 표시 소자 및 일렉트로디포지션형 표시 소자 |
US10/204,948 US6992808B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2001-12-27 | Electrochromic display device and electrodeposition-type display device |
US11/240,136 US7312914B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2005-09-30 | Electrochromic display device and electrodeposition-type display device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000398012 | 2000-12-27 | ||
JP2000-398012 | 2000-12-27 | ||
JP2001373610A JP2002258327A (ja) | 2000-12-27 | 2001-12-07 | エレクトロクロミック表示素子及びエレクトロデポジション型表示素子 |
JP2001-373610 | 2001-12-07 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10204948 A-371-Of-International | 2001-12-27 | ||
US11/240,136 Division US7312914B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2005-09-30 | Electrochromic display device and electrodeposition-type display device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002052339A1 true WO2002052339A1 (fr) | 2002-07-04 |
Family
ID=26606859
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2001/011535 WO2002052339A1 (fr) | 2000-12-27 | 2001-12-27 | Dispositif d'affichage electrochromique et dispositif d'affichage forme par electrodeposition |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6992808B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1347330A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2002258327A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20020077512A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1196965C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002052339A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003069402A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-14 | 2003-08-21 | Sony Corporation | Element d'affichage electrochimique et afficheur electrochimique |
WO2004049052A1 (ja) * | 2002-11-28 | 2004-06-10 | Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. | 表示素子、表示装置及び表示装置の製造方法 |
EP1582914A1 (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2005-10-05 | Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. | Display element, display and method for manufacturing display |
EP1582914A4 (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2007-01-17 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | DISPLAY ELEMENT, DISPLAY AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR DISPLAY |
US7397594B2 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2008-07-08 | Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. | Display element, display and method for manufacturing display |
US7830582B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2010-11-09 | Satoshi Morita | Electrochromic display |
US7858983B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2010-12-28 | Satoshi Morita | Electrochromic display with current drive circuit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1196965C (zh) | 2005-04-13 |
EP1347330A4 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
JP2002258327A (ja) | 2002-09-11 |
US6992808B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 |
CN1426543A (zh) | 2003-06-25 |
KR20020077512A (ko) | 2002-10-11 |
US20030156314A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
US7312914B2 (en) | 2007-12-25 |
EP1347330A1 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
US20060028707A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
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