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  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
  • C08F210/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
  • C08F210/06—Propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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  • C07F17/00—Metallocenes
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  • C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
  • C08F110/02—Ethene
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  • C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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  • C08F110/06—Propene
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  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
  • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
  • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
  • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
  • C08F4/65908—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an ionising compound other than alumoxane, e.g. (C6F5)4B-X+
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
  • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
  • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
  • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
  • C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
  • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
  • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
  • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
  • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
  • C08F4/65916—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer

Definitions

• This invention relates to metallocene compositions and their use in the preparation of catalyst systems for olefin polymerization', particularly propylene polymerization.
• metallocene compositions in olefin polymerization is well known. Metallocenes containing substituted, bridged indenyl derivatives are noted for their ability to produce isotactic propylene polymers having high isotacticity and narrow molecular weight distribution. Considerable effort has been made toward obtaining metallocene produced propylene polymers having ever-higher molecular weight and melting point, while maintaining suitable catalyst activity.
• U. S. Patent No. 5,840,644 describes certain metallocenes containing aryl-substituted indenyl derivatives as ligands, which are said to provide propylene polymers having high isotacticity, narrow molecular weight distribution and very high molecular weight.
• U. S. Patent No. 5,936,053 describes certain metallocene compounds said to be useful for producing high molecular weight propylene polymers. These metallocenes have a specific hydrocarbon substituent at the 2 position and an unsubstituted aryl substituent at the 4 position, on each indenyl group of the metallocene compound.
• WO 98/40419 and WO 99/42497 both describe certain supported catalyst systems for producing propylene polymers having high melting point.
• Metallocene compositions and their activators are often combined with a support material in order to obtain a catalyst system that is less likely to cause reactor fouling.
• supported metallocene catalyst systems tend to result in a polymer having lower melting point than would otherwise be obtained if the metallocene were not supported.
• the present invention relates to novel metallocene compositions capable of providing propylene polymers having high melting point and molecular weight.
• the present invention further relates to metallocene catalyst systems comprising one or more of these compositions and one or more activators or cocatalysts, and optionally, support material, and to the use of such metallocene catalyst systems in olefin polymerization, particularly propylene polymer polymerization.
• the metallocenes of the present invention may be described as bridged bis(2-R 3 -4-phenyl-indenyl)metallocenes wherein: the radicals R ⁇ may be identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a CI -CI Q alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C6-CIQ aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 -arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a Cg-C_j.o arylalkenyl group, a -NR'2, -SR', -OR', -OSiR'3 or -
• R is one of a halogen atom, a C1 -C1 Q alkyl group, or a Cfr-
• the phenyl rings are substituted at the 3' and 5' positions by radicals which may be identical or different and are each a Group IVA radical having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, the metallocene being optionally substituted at the remaining positions on the phenyl and/or indenyl ring(s), with the proviso that when either R ⁇ is a hydrogen atom, a methyl or ethyl group, then both phenyl rings are substituted at the 3' and 5' positions by butyl groups which may be the same or different.
• the metallocenes of the present invention can be represented by the formula:
• M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, preferably zirconium, hafnium or titanium, most preferably zirconium;
• Rl and R ⁇ are identical or different, and are one of a hydrogen atom, a Ci -
• Rl and R ⁇ may also be joined together to form an alkanediyl group or a conjugated C4.40 diene ligand which is coordinated to M in a metallocyclopentene fashion; R ⁇ and R ⁇ may also be identical or different conjugated dienes, optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl, tri(hydrocarbyl)silyl groups or tri(hydrocarbyl)silylhydrocarbyl groups, said dienes having up to 30 atoms not counting hydrogen and
• R3 are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a CI -CI Q alkyl group which may be halogenated, a Cg-Ci Q aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 -arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a Cg-G o arylalkenyl group, a -NR'2, -SR, -OR', -
• OSiR'3 or -PR'2 radical wherein R is one of a halogen atom, a CI -CI Q alkyl group, or a C ⁇ -Cio aryl group; preferably R ⁇ is not a hydrogen atom; preferably each R ⁇ is identical and is a fluorine, chlorine or bromine, atom, a Ci -C4 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a Cg-Cg aryl group which may be halogenated, a -NR'2, -SR', -OR, -OSiR'3 or -PR'2 radical, wherein R' is one of a chlorine atom, a Ci -C4 alkyl group, or a Cg-Cg aryl group; more preferably, R ⁇ are identical and are each a C3 alkyl group, most preferably isopropyl groups; alternatively, R ⁇ is a C ⁇ or C2 alkyl group; R4 to R? are identical or different and are
• R 13 is R 14 R14 R 14 R14
• R ⁇ 4 , R ⁇ and Rl" are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 branched or linear alkyl group, a C1 -C20 fluoroalkyl or silaalkyl group, a C5-C30 aryl group, a C5--C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a Cg- C40 arylalkenyl group, a C7-C40 al
• M ⁇ is one or more carbons, silicon, germanium or tin, preferably silicon;
• R!3 may also be an amidoborane-type radical such as is described in WO00/20426 (herein fully incorporated by reference); R°, R O and R 2 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R 4 to R 7 ; and
• R9 and Rl 1 are identical or different and are a Group IVA radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or are each primary, secondary or tertiary butyl groups, aryl groups, isopropyl groups, fluoroalkyl groups, trialkyl silyl groups, or other groups of similar size, preferably a tertiary butyl group.
• metallocenes of the present invention are represented by the formula:
• M 1 is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
• Rl and R ⁇ are identical or different, and are one of a hydrogen atom, a Cj-
• Cjo alkyl group a Ci -CJO alkoxy group, a ⁇ -C ⁇ Q aryl group, a Cg-Ci Q aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C40 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a C -C4o arylalkenyl group, an OH group or a halogen atom, or a conjugated diene which is optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl, tri(hydrocarbyl)silyl groups or tri(hydrocarbyl)silylhydrocarbyl groups, said diene having up to 30 atoms not counting hydrogen;
• R3 are identical or different and are each a halogen atom, a C3-C10 alkyl group which may be halogenated, a C ⁇ -Cio ar yl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 -arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a Cg-C4Q arylalkenyl group, a -NR'2, -SR', -OR, -OSiR'3 or -
• R is one of a halogen atom, a Ci -Ci Q alkyl group, or a C - C10 aryl group;
• R 4 to R? are identical or different and are hydrogen, as defined for R 3 or two or more adjacent radicals R ⁇ to R 7 together with the atoms connecting them form one or more rings;
• R 13 is R 14 R 14 R14 R14
• R l4 , R ⁇ and R l ( > are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a Ci -C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 fluoroalkyl or silaalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C5-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C -C4Q arylalkenyl group
• M ⁇ is one or more carbons, silicon, germanium or tin
• R8, R!0 and R 1 ⁇ are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R 4 to R 7 ;
• R9 and Rl 1 are identical or different and are each a Group IVA radical having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms or are each a primary, secondary or tertiary butyl group, an aryl group, an isopropyl group, trialkyl silyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group.
• M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
• R 1 and R ⁇ are identical or different, and are one of a hydrogen atom, a Ci -
• Ci o alkyl group a C ⁇ -C ⁇ Q alkoxy group, a Cg-Ci ⁇ aryl group, a C5-C1 Q aryloxy group, a C2-C10 alkenyl group, a C2-C40 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C7-C40 alkylaryl group, a Cg-C4Q arylalkenyl group, an OH group or a halogen atom, or a conjugated diene which is optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl, tri(hydrocarbyl)silyl groups or tri(hydrocarbyl)silylhydrocarbyl groups, said diene having up to 30 atoms not counting hydrogen;
• R 3 are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a CI -C ⁇ Q lkyl group which may be halogenated, a Cg-Ci ⁇ aryl group which may be halogenated, a C2-C1 Q alkenyl group, a C7-C40 -arylalkyl group, a
• OSiR'3 or -PR'2 radical wherein: R is one of a halogen atom, a CI -CI Q alkyl group, or a aryl group;
• R 4 to R 7 are identical or different and are hydrogen, as defined for R 3 or two or more adjacent radicals R ⁇ to R 7 together with the atoms connecting them form one or more rings;
• R 13 is R14 R14 R14 R14 R14
• R l4 , R ⁇ and R 6 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a Ci -C20 fluoroalkyl or silaalkyl group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 fluoroaryl group, a C1 -C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a Cg-C4o arylalkenyl group,
• M ⁇ is one or more carbons, silicon, germanium or tin
• R8, R10 and Rl2 are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R 4 to R 7 ;
• R9 and Rl 1 are identical or different and are each primary, secondary or tertiary butyl groups.
• the metallocenes of this invention are represented by the formula:
• M is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten;
• Rl and R ⁇ are identical or different, and are one of a hydrogen atom, a C j -
• R 3 are identical and are each a C ⁇ or C2 alkyl group, a C3 alkyl group or a C4-C1 alkyl group;
• R 4 to R 7 are identical or different and are hydrogen, as defined for R 3 or two or more adjacent radicals R ⁇ to R 7 together with the atoms connecting them form one or more rings;
• R 13 is R1 R 14 R 14 R14
• R l4 , R ⁇ and R 1 ⁇ are identical or different and are a hydrog ;en atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1 -C20 fluoroalkyl or silaalkyl group, a Cg-C30 aryl group, a Cg-C3 ⁇ fluoroaryl group, a C1 -C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C7-C40 arylalkyl group, a C -C4 ⁇ aryl
• R , R10 and R 1 ⁇ are identical or different and have the meanings stated for R 4 to R 7 ; and R9 and Rl 1 are identical or different and are each primary, secondary or tertiary butyl groups.
• alkyl means a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic alkyl radical which may be optionally substituted.
• examples of such radicals include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, and the like including their substituted analogues.
• alkenyl means a straight- chain, branched-chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical having one or more double bonds. These alkenyl radicals may be optionally substituted. Examples of suitable alkenyl radicals include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, allyl, 1,4- butadienyl cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloctenyl and the like including their substituted analogues.
• alkoxy means an alkyl ether radical wherein: the term alkyl is as defined above.
• alkyl ether radicals include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n- propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy and the like.
• aryl means a phenyl, azulenyl, or naphthyl radical and the like which optionally contains a heteroatom and/or carries one or more substituents, for example, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, amino, nitro etc.
• metallocenes of this invention are prepared according to general techniques known from the literature, for example U.S. Patent Nos. 5,789,634 and 5,840,644 (both entirely incorporated herein by reference). Generally, metallocenes of this type are synthesized as shown below
• the metallocenes of this invention are highly active catalyst components for the polymerization of olefins.
• the metallocenes are preferably employed as chiral racemates.
• the pure enantiomers allow an optically active polymer to be prepared.
• the meso form of the metallocenes should be removed, since the polymerization-active center (the metal atom) in these compounds is no longer chiral due to the mirror symmetry at the central metal atom and it is therefore not possible to produce a highly isotactic polymer. If the meso form is not removed, atactic polymer is formed in addition to isotactic polymer. For certain applications this may be entirely desirable.
• Metallocenes are generally used in combination with some form of activator in order to create an active catalyst system.
• activator and “cocatalyst” are used interchangeably and are defined herein to mean any compound or component, or combination of compounds or components, capable of enhancing the ability of one or more metallocenes to polymerize olefins.
• Alklyalumoxanes such as methylalumoxane (MAO) are commonly used as metallocene activators. Generally alkylalumoxanes contain 5 to 40 of the repeating units:
• R is a C ⁇ -Cg alkyl including mixed alkyls.
• Compounds in which R is methyl are particularly preferred.
• Alumoxane solutions, particularly methylalumoxane solutions may be obtained from commercial vendors as solutions having various concentrations. There are a variety of methods for preparing alumoxane, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,665,208, 4,952,540, 5,091,352, 5,206,199, 5,204,419, 4,874,734, 4,924,018, 4,908,463, 4,968,827, 5,308,815, 5,329,032, 5,248,801, 5,235,081,
• Ionizing activators may also be used to activate metallocenes. These activators are neutral or ionic, or are compounds such as tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetrakis(pentaflurophenyl)borate, which ionize the neutral metallocene compound. Such ionizing compounds may contain an active proton, or some other cation associated with, but not coordinated or only loosely coordinated to, the remaining ion of the ionizing compound. Combinations of activators may also be used, for example, alumoxane and ionizing activator combination, see for example, WO 94/07928.
• ionic catalysts for coordination polymerization comprised of metallocene cations activated by non-coordinating anions appear in the early work in EP-A-0 277 003, EP-A-0 277 004 and U.S. Patent No. 5,198,401 and WO-A-92/00333 (each incorporated herein by reference). These teach desirable methods of preparation wherein metallocenes are protonated by an anion precursor such that an alkyl/hydride group is abstracted from a transition metal to make it both cationic and charge-balanced by the non-coordinating anion.
• Suitable ionic salts include tetrakis-substituted borate or aluminum salts having fluorided aryl-constituents such as phenyl, biphenyl and napthyl.
• non-coordinating anion means an anion which either does not coordinate to said cation or which is only weakly coordinated to said cation thereby remaining sufficiently labile to be displaced by a neutral Lewis base.
• “Compatible” non-coordinating anions are those which are not degraded to neutrality when the initially formed complex decomposes. Further, the anion will not transfer an anionic substituent or fragment to the cation so as to cause it to form a neutral four coordinate metallocene compound and a neutral by-product from the anion.
• Non-coordinating anions useful in accordance with this invention are those which are compatible, stabilize the metallocene cation in the sense of balancing its ionic charge at +1, yet retain sufficient lability to permit displacement by an ethylenically or acetylenically unsaturated monomer during polymerization.
• ionizing ionic compounds not containing an active proton but capable of producing both the active metallocene cation and a non-coordinating anion is also known. See, for example, EP-A-0 426 637 and EP-A- 0 573 403 (each inco ⁇ orated herein by reference).
• An additional method of making the ionic catalysts uses ionizing anion precursors which are initially neutral Lewis acids but form the cation and anion upon ionizing reaction with the metallocene compounds, for example the use of tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane. See EP-A-0 520 732 (incorporated herein by reference). Ionic catalysts for addition polymerization can also be prepared by oxidation of the metal centers of transition metal compounds by anion precursors containing metallic oxidizing groups along with the anion groups, see EP-A-0 495 375 (incorporated herein by reference).
• metal ligands include halogen moieties (for example, bis- cyclopentadienyl zirconium dichloride) which are not capable of ionizing abstraction under standard conditions, they can be converted via known alkylation reactions with organometallic compounds such as lithium or aluminum hydrides or alkyls, alkylalumoxanes, Grignard reagents, etc. See EP-A-0 500 944 and EP- Al-0 570 982 (each incorporated herein by reference) for in situ processes describing the reaction of alkyl aluminum compounds with dihalo-substituted metallocene compounds prior to or with the addition of activating anionic compounds.
• organometallic compounds such as lithium or aluminum hydrides or alkyls, alkylalumoxanes, Grignard reagents, etc.
• the activator for the metallocene supported catalyst composition is a
• NCA preferably the NCA is first added to the support composition followed by the addition of the metallocene catalyst.
• the activator is MAO
• the MAO and metallocene catalyst are dissolved together in solution.
• the support is then contacted with the MAO/metallocene catalyst solution.
• the catalyst systems used to prepare the compositions of this invention are preferably supported using a porous particulate material, such as for example, talc, inorganic oxides, inorganic chlorides such as magnesium chloride, and resinous materials such as polyolefin or polymeric compounds.
• a porous particulate material such as for example, talc, inorganic oxides, inorganic chlorides such as magnesium chloride, and resinous materials such as polyolefin or polymeric compounds.
• the support materials are porous inorganic oxide materials, which include those from the Periodic Table of Elements of Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 or 14 metal/metalloid oxides.
• Silica, alumina, silica-alumina, and mixtures thereof are particularly preferable.
• Other inorganic oxides that may be employed either alone or in combination with the silica, alumina or silica-alumina are magnesia, titania, zirconia, and the like.
• the support material is porous silica which has a surface area in the range of from 10 to 700 rn ⁇ /g, a total pore volume in the range of from 0.1 to 4.0 cc/g and an average particle size in the range of from 10 to 500 ⁇ m. More preferably, the surface area is in the range of from 50 to 500 m ⁇ /g, the pore volume is in the range of from 0.5 to 3.5 cc/g and the average particle size is in the range of from 20 to 200 ⁇ m. Most desirably the surface area is in the range of from 100 to 400 m2/g, the pore volume is in the range of from 0.8 to 3.0 cc/g and the average particle size is in the range of from 30 to 100 ⁇ m.
• the average pore size of typical porous support materials is in the range of from 10 to lOOOA.
• a support material is used that has an average pore diameter of from 50 to 50 ⁇ A, and most desirably from 75 to 35 ⁇ A. It may be particularly desirable to dehydrate the silica at a temperature of from 100°C to 800°C anywhere from 3 to 24 hours.
• the metallocene, activator and support material may be combined in any number of ways. More than one metallocene may also be used. Examples of suitable support techniques are described in U. S. Patent Nos. 4,808,561 and 4,701,432 (each fully incorporated herein by reference.). Preferably the metallocenes and activator are combined and their reaction product supported on the porous support material as described in U. S. Patent No.
• the metallocenes may be preactivated separately and then combined with the support material either separately or together. If the metallocenes are separately supported, then preferably, they are dried then combined as a powder before use in polymerization.
• the total volume of reaction solution applied to porous support is less than 4 times the total pore volume of the porous support, more preferably less than 3 times the total pore volume of the porous support and even more preferably in the range of from more than 1 to less than 2.5 times the total pore volume of the porous support.
• Procedures for measuring the total pore volume of porous support are well known in the art. One such method is described in Volume 1, Experimental Methods in Catalyst Research, Academic Press, 1968, pages 67-96.
• the supported catalyst system may be used directly in polymerization or the catalyst system may be prepolymerized using methods well known in the art.
• R a and Rb are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 14 carbon atoms. However, R a and R" may alternatively form a ring together with the carbon atoms connecting them.
• olefins are ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl- 1-pentene, 1-octene, norbornene and norbornadiene.
• propylene and ethylene are polymerized.
• the metallocenes and metallocenes catalyst systems of this invention are most suitable for the polymerization of propylene based polymers.
• the overall pressure polymerization system is from 0.5 to 100 bar. Polymerization is preferably carried out in the industrially particularly interesting pressure range from 5 to 64 bar.
• the metallocene is used in the polymerization in a concentration, based on the transition metal, of from 10 "3 to 10 "8 mol, preferably from 10 "4 to 10 " 7 mol, of transition metal per dm 3 of solvent or per dm 3 of reactor volume.
• alumoxane is used as the cocatalyst, it is used in a concentration of from 10 "5 to 10 "1 mol, preferably from 10 "4 to 10 "2 mol, per dm 3 of solvent or per dm 3 of reactor volume.
• the other cocatalysts mentioned are used in an approximately equimolar amount with respect to the metallocene. In principle, however, higher concentrations are also possible.
• the polymerization is carried out as a suspension or solution polymerization, an inert solvent which is customary for the Ziegler low-pressure
• the polymerization is carried out in an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon; examples of which are propane, butane, hexane, heptane, isooctane, cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane. It is also possible to use a benzene or hydrogenated diesel oil fraction. Toluene can also be used.
• the polymerization is preferably carried out in the liquid monomer. If inert solvents are used, the monomers are metered in gas or liquid form.
• another alkylaluminum compound such as, for example, trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trioctylaluminum or isoprenylaluminum, may additionally be introduced into the reactor in order to render the polymerization system inert (for example to remove catalyst poisons present in the olefin).
• This compound is added to the polymerization system in a concentration of from 100 to 0.01 mmol of Al per kg of reactor contents.
• the process according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that the metallocenes described can give propylene polymers of very high molecular weight, melting point, and very high stereotacticity, with high catalyst activities in the industrially particularly interesting polymerization temperature range of from
• the catalyst systems of this invention are capable of providing polymers, particularly propylene homopolymers and copolymers, of exceptionally high molecular weight and melting point even when used in processes under commercially relevant conditions of temperature, pressure and catalyst activity.
• Preferred melting points are at least as high as 155°C, more preferably at least 157°C, even more preferably at least 157°C, and most preferably 160°C or more.
• the catalyst systems of this invention are also capable of providing propylene polymers having high stereospecificity and regiospecificity.
• Isotactic propylene polymers prepared according to the processes of this invention may have a proportion of 2,1 -inserted propene units of less than 0.5%, at a triad tacticity of greater than 98%. Preferably there is no measurable proportion of 2,1- inserted propene units.
• Triad tacticity is determined using C-NMR according to J.C. Randall, Polymer Sequence Determination: Carbon-13 NMR Method,
• 4-chloro-2-methyl-indene and tris (perfluorophenyl) borane in toluene were purchased from commercial sources.
• Aluminum alkyls were purchased as hydrocarbon solutions from commercial sources.
• the commercial methylalumoxane (“MAO") was purchased from Albemarle as a 30 wt% solution in toluene.
• the metallocenes racemic dimethylsiladiyl(2-methyl-4- phenylindenyl)2 zirconium dichloride and racemic dimethylsiladiyl(4-[l-naphthy]- 2-methylindenyl) 2 zirconium dichloride were obtained from commercial sources.
• COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 racemic dimethyIsiladiyl(2- methyl-4-[l-naphthy]indenyl) 2 zirconium dichloride Supported Comparison Metallocene Catalyst System 2 racemic dimethylsiladiyl(2- methyl-4-[l-naphthy]indenyl)2zirconium dichloride/MAO
• racemic dimethylsiladiyl-bis-(4-(3',5'-di-tertbutylphenyl)-2-methyl- indenyl)zirconium dichloride 4 g of the above silane (5.77mmol) were dissolved in 6ml pentane and 43 mL THF. At -85°C 4.6 mL n-BuLi (2.5M in hexanes, 11.5mmol) were added within 11 minutes. The color of the solution turned from yellow to red-brown.
• racemic dimethylsiladiyl-bis-(4-(3',5'-di- tertbutylphenyl)-2-methylindenyl) zirconium dichloride (0.075 g) was added to a MAO solution (6.74 g, 7.4 mL) and stirred twenty minutes. This was filtered through a medium glass frit funnel and washed with toluene (14 mL). To the combined filtrates was added dehydrated silica (4.0 g, Davison 948 Regular, 600°C dehydration). This slurry was stirred for twenty minutes, then dried at 40
• This catalyst preparation used the same raw materials as above.
• 2.68 g (0.58 mmol) of an 11.05-wt% solution of tris (perfluorophenyl) borane in toluene was massed.
• 0.088 g (0.59 mmol) of N, N-diethylaniline was added followed by 15 g of toluene.
• a pink solution resulted.
• This solution was pipetted into a 100 mL round bottom flask containing 5.0 g of silica and a magnetic stir bar.
• 1.0 g of toluene was used to rinse the beaker, pipette, and the sides of the flask.
• the flask was heated to 50 °C in an oil bath. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. 0.0061g (0.075 mmol) of the dimethylsiladiyl-bis-(4-(3',5'- di-tertbutylphenyl)-2-methylindenyl) zirconium dimethyl was added as a solid to produce a red slurry. Stirring was continued for 30 minutes at 50°C. After this time, the stirring and heating were discontinued. The solvent was stripped overnight in vacuo to give 5.36 g of a flesh colored powder. Composition by mass balance: Zr: 0.013 mmol/g catalyst, B: 0.11 mmol/g catalyst.
• Supported Metallocene Catalyst System 4 dimethylsiIadiyl-bis-(2-methyl-4-(3',5'-di-methylphenyl)indenyl)zirconium dichloride/MAO
• Dimethylsiladiyl-bis-(2-methyl-4-(3',5'-di- methylphenyl)indenyl) zirconium dichloride (0.061 g) was added to a MAO solution (6.74 g, 7.4 mL) and stirred twenty minutes. This was filtered through a medium glass frit funnel and washed with toluene (14 mL). To the combined filtrates was added dehydrated silica (4.0 g, Davison 948 Regular, 600°C dehydration).
• dimethylsiladiyl-bis-(4-(3',5'- bistrifluoromethylphenyl)-2-methyl-indenyl)zirconium dichloride 0.075 g was added to a MAO solution (6.32 g, 6.75 mL) and stirred twenty minutes. This was filtered through a medium glass frit funnel and washed with toluene (13 mL). To the combined filtrates was added dehydrated silica (3.75 g, Davison 948 Regular, 600°C dehydration).
• Tribromobenzene 134.6 mmol was dissolved in 600 mL EtaO. The solution was chilled to -55°C, at which temperature starting material precipitated. 54 mL of n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 135 mmol) were added within 20 minutes. After stirring for 35 minutes at -52°C, 20 ml TMSC1 (158 mmol) and 20 mL E1 2 O were added within 7 minutes. The suspension turned into a solution at -42°C, and a fine precipitate appeared at -30°C. The suspension was stirred overnight at room temperature. 100 mL 2M HCl were used to hydrolyze the mixture.
• TMSC1 59 mmol, were added within six minutes. The temperature of solution rose within one hour to -33°C, and after another 30 minutes to -18°C. The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. 60 mL of 2M HCl were added to the white suspension. Stirring for 30 minutes resulted in two clear phases. Et 2 O-phase was dried with MgSO 4 , filtered, and solvent evaporated. Raw product was distilled at a temperature of 70-76°C and 0.1-0.2 mbar. All pure fractions were combined and gave 15.8 g of product (52.4 mmol, 94%>). 1H-NMR
• Dimethylsiladiylbis(4-(3',5'-bis- trimethylsilyl-phenyl)-2-methylindenyl) zirconium dichloride (0.080 g) was added to a MAO solution (6.74 g, 7.3 mL) and stirred twenty minutes. This was filtered through a medium glass frit funnel and washed with toluene (14 mL). To the combined filtrates was added dehydrated silica (4.0 g, Davison 948 Regular, 600°C dehydration).
• Dimethylsiladiylbis[4-(3',5'-dimethylphenyl)-2-isopropylindene] (2.1 g, 3.6 mmol) was dissolved in 60 mL of EX 2 O. While stirring, 2.9 mL of n-BuLi (2.5M in hexane) was added and allowed to stir at room temperature for two hours. After this time, the solution was cooled to -35°C and ZrCl 4 (0.83 g, 3.6 mmol) was added and allowed to stir at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was then removed in vacuo and the residue taken up in toluene and filtered to remove LiCl salts.
• dimethylsiladiylbis[4-(3',5'- dimethylphenyl)-2-isopropylindene)zirconium dichloride (0.066 g) was added to the MAO solution (6.74 g, 7.2 mL) and stirred twenty minutes. This was filtered through a medium glass frit funnel and washed with toluene (14 mL). To the combined filtrates was added dehydrated silica (4.0 g, Davison 948 Regular, 600°C dehydration). This slurry was stirred for twenty minutes, then dried at 40
• Random copolymer (RCP) Random copolymer
• the polymerization procedure for producing random copolymers with the supported catalyst systems prepared as described above was as follows. In a clean, dry two liter autoclave which had been flushed with propylene vapor, TEAL scavenger (0.3 mL, 1.5M) was added. Hydrogen gas was added at this point if indicated. The quantity of hydrogen is 1.55 millimoles for each psi added as shown in the Tables. The reactor was closed and filled with 800 mL liquid propylene. After heating the reactor to 60 °C, a partial pressure of ethylene was added as indicated and then the catalyst was added by washing in with propylene (200 mL). Ethylene gas was fed to maintain a constant pressure. After the indicated time, typically one hour, the reactor was cooled, and the excess propylene and ethylene vented. The polymer was removed and dried.
• ICP Impact Copolymers
• the reactor was vented to about 170 psig pressure and then an ethylene/propylene gas mixture was passed through the reactor at the rates indicated while maintaining 200 psig.
• the reactor was vented and cooled under N2. The granular ICP polymer was removed and dried.
• Polymerization run numbers 26-39 were made using Supported Metallocene Catalyst System 3A. Results are reported in Tables 5 and 6. Polymerization run numbers 40-45 were made using Supported Metallocene Catalyst System 3B. Results are reported in Tables 7 and 8.
• Ethylene amounts in the random copolymers were determined by FT-IR using a calibration obtained from samples whose composition was determined by
• DSC melting points were determined on commercial DSC instruments and are reported as the second melting point.
• the polymer granules weighing less than 10 milligrams were heated to 230.0°C for ten minutes and then cooled from
• the ICP polymer was dissolved in hot xylene and then allowed to cool overnight. After filtration the insolubes are dried. The xylene soluble portion was evaporated and the soluble material recovered. The IV of the recovered soluble material was measured in decalin at 135°C by using know methods and instruments such as a Schott A VSPro Viscosity Automatic Sampler.
• the ICP samples were sent to Polyhedron Laboratories, Inc. to be fractionated and analyzed by GPC. A generally described of the procedure is found in the reference J. C. Randall, J. Poly. Sci.: Part A Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 36, 1527-1542 (1998).

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