Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
  • C08G61/10—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aromatic carbon atoms, e.g. polyphenylenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
  • C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
  • C08G61/125—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one oxygen atom in the ring

Definitions

• OLEDs Organic light emitting devices
• LCDs Organic light emitting devices
• These layers can be made to electro luminesce by applying a voltage across the device, and with sufficient brightness, range of color and operating lifetimes can be a practical alternative to LCD-based full color flat-panel displays.
• RGB red
• G green
• B blue
• OLEDs In general, these OLED devices rely on a common mechanism leading to optical emission. Typically, this mechanism is based upon the radiative recombination of a trapped charge.
• OLEDs will contain at least two thin organic layers separating the anode and cathode of the device. The material of one of these layers is specifically chosen based on the material's ability to transport holes, a "hole transporting layer” (HTL), and the material of the other layer is specifically selected according to its ability to transport electrons, an "electron transporting layer” (ETL).
• HTL hole transporting layer
• ETL electron transporting layer
• the device can be viewed as a diode with a forward bias when the potential applied to the anode is higher than the potential applied to the cathode.
• the anode injects holes (positive charge carriers) into the hole transporting layer, while the cathode injects electrons into the electron transporting layer.
• the portion of the luminescent medium adjacent to the anode thus forms a hole injecting and transporting zone while the portion of the luminescent medium adjacent to the cathode forms an electron injecting and transporting zone.
• the injected holes and electrons each migrate toward the oppositely charged electrode.
• a Frenkel exciton is formed. Recombination of this short-lived state may be visualized as an electron dropping from its conduction potential to a valence band, with relaxation occurring, under certain conditions, preferentially via a photoemissive mechanism.
• the electroluminescent layer comprises a luminescence zone receiving mobile charge carriers (electrons and holes) from each electrode.
• the materials that function as the electron transporting layer of the OLED are frequently the same materials that are incorporated into the OLED to produce the electroluminescent emission.
• Such devices in which the electron transporting layer functions as the emissive layer are referred to as having a single heterostructure.
• the electroluminescent material may be present in a separate emissive layer between the hole transporting layer and the electron transporting layer in what is referred to as a double heterostructure.
• the emissive material may itself be present in relatively low concentrations as a dopant in the electron transporting layer.
• the predominant material in the electron transporting layer may be referred to as a host material.
• Materials that are present as host and dopant are selected so as to have a high level of energy transfer from the host to the dopant material.
• these materials need to be capable of producing acceptable electrical properties for the OLED.
• host and dopant materials are preferably capable of being incorporated into the OLED using starting materials that can be readily incorporated into the OLED by using convenient fabrication techniques, in particular, by using vacuum-deposition techniques.
• OLEDs It is desirable for OLEDs to be fabricated using materials that provide electroluminescent emission in a relatively narrow band centered near selected spectral regions, which correspond to one of the three primary colors, red, green and blue so that they may be used as a colored layer in an OLED or stacked OLED.
• the compounds should come from a class of compounds in which the emission may be varied by selectively varying the substituents or by modifying the structure of a base compound that produces emission from a charge transfer transition. Still further, the compounds should be capable of being readily deposited as a thin layer using vapor-phase or vacuum deposition techniques so that the compound can be readily incorporated into an OLED that is prepared entirely from, for example, vacuum-deposited organic materials.
• PPP polyparaphenylene
• the present invention provides an oligomeric para-phenylene compound having the formula:
• R 1 -(Ar i ) n -R 2 wherein the subscript n is an integer of from 5 to 15; the superscript i is an integer of from 1 to n and denotes the position downstream from R 1 ; each Ar 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted
• R and R are each substituents that increase the solubility of the para-phenylene compound in nonpolar organic solvents relative to the solubility of the corresponding compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen; with the proviso that the Ar 1 groups are linked together in a 1,4-paraphenylene manner.
• substituents R 1 and R 2 each independently have the formula: R 3 -(ArV wherein the subscript m is an integer of from 1 to 5; the superscript j is an integer of from 1 to m and denotes the position of each Ar 1 away from R 3 .
• Each Ar 1 is selected from: a) a 1,4-phenylene group having the formula: wherein each R 4 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C 12 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ]2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -Ci 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted di(d- C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino and halogen, with the proviso that at least two of the four R 4 substituents are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted (CrC ⁇ 2 )alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, and b) an ary
• the present invention provides a polymer of the formula: wherein each R and R . 12 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted (Ci- C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (Ci- C] 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted di(C 1 -C] 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino and halogen; the subscript p is an integer of from 5 to 200; the superscript i is an integer of from 1 to p and indicates the position downstream from R 1 of each Q; each Q 1 is a benzoquinone or hydroquinone subunit selected from the formulae:
• each X is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted (C]-C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted di(Cp C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino and halogen.
• the hydroquinone and benzoquinone subunits are present in about a 50:50 ratio.
• the hydroquinone and benzoquinone subunits alternate in the polymer so that no two hydroquinone subunits are adjacent and no two benzoquinone subunits are adjacent.
• two adjacent hydroquinone subunits alternate with one benzoquinone subunit.
• two adjacent benzoquinone subunits alternate with one hydroquinone subunit.
• the invention provides a block copolymer having the formula:
• each R 21 and R 22 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted ( - C 1 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (Ci -C] 2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ - C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C 12 )alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted di(C ⁇ -C 12 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino and halogen; the subscript k is an integer of from 2 to 20; the superscript j is an integer of from 1 to k and indicates the position downstream from R 21 of each Q; each O is a para-phenylene block subunit (e.g., -(Ar') n - ) or a solubility-enhancing subunit (e
• each R is a member independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C 12 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C 12 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ - C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted di(C 1 -C 1 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino and halogen, with the proviso that at least two of the four R 23 substituents are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C] 2 )alkoxy, and b) an aryl biradical selected from 1 ,4-naphthylene, 1
• Q 1 , Q 3 and Q 5 are block para- phenylene subunits and Q 2 , Q 4 and Q are solubility enhancing subunits.
• Q 1 , Q 3 , Q 5 and Q 7 are solubility enhancing subunits and Q 2 , Q 4 and Q 6 are block para-phenylene subunits.
• the present invention provides a branched polymeric aromatic compound having the formula:
• each R is selected from substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C 12 )alkoxy, phenyl and halogen; the subscript n is an integer of from 3 to 8; the superscript i is an integer of from 1 to n and denotes the positions of each Ar away from the central tetrasubstituted phenyl ring; and each Ar 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group that can be the same or different from Ar 1 at any other position; with the provisos that the Ar 1 groups are linked together in a 1,4-paraphenylene manner.
• the present invention provides a method of preparing a polymeric OLED material on a solid support, the method comprising:
• each X 1 is a blocking group and the subscript n is an integer of from 0 to 4; under conditions sufficient to form an intermediate poly OLED material;
• step (d) contacting the product of step (c) with a terminating diazonium compound having the formula:
• each X 2 is a blocking group
• R is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted ( - C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C 12 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (Ci- C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted di(C ⁇ -C] 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino and substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino; and m is an integer of from 0 to 4.
• an intermediate poly OLED material having the formula:
• L is a linking group; the shaded sphere is a solid support; and X 1 is a member selected from halogen, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 12 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (d-C ⁇ 2 )alkylthio, and substituted or unsubstituted di(C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino.
• the solid support is selected from glass, tin oxide, indium oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• the present invention provides a solid support-bound poly OLED material formed by the methods above.
• the present invention provides a polyfurano ladder oligomer having the formula:
• each of R 31 , R , R , R 5 , R is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy and halogen.
• R 32 and R 35 are each H. More preferably, z is an integer of from 2 to 4; and R and R are each H.
• the present invention provides a method of forming a light emitting polymer, the method comprising exposing an oligomeric para-phenylene compound of claim 1 having attached acrylate ester groups to sufficient ultraviolet light to form a light emitting polymer comprising a plurality of oligomeric para-phenylene compounds covalently attached to each other via ester and ether linkages.
• the present invention provides a method of forming a light emitting polymer, the method comprising exposing a polyfurano ladder oligomer having attached acrylate ester groups to sufficient ultraviolet light to form a light emitting polymer comprising a plurality of said polyfurano ladder oligomers covalently attached to each other via ester and ether linkages.
• Figure 1 illustrates one scheme for preparing oligomeric para-phenylene compounds.
• Figure 2 illustrates a scheme for preparing fluoro- and alkoxy-substituted para- phenylene oligomers.
• Figures 3 and 4 illustrate schemes for preparing para-phenylene compounds having an even number of phenylene groups.
• Figure 5 illustrates a scheme for preparing a para-phenylene oligomer having two diarylamino groups at the termini.
• Figure 6 illustrates one method for preparing "branched" para-phenylene compositions.
• Figures 7 and 8 illustrate schemes for the photocyclization of polyquinones, leading to polyfurano ladder oligomers.
• Figure 9 illustrates a scheme for the preparation of para-phenylene compounds on a solid support.
• Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the preparation of polymerized light emitting polymers.
• alkyl by itself or as part of another substituent, means, unless otherwise stated, a straight or branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, or combination thereof, which may be fully saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated and can include di- and multivalent radicals, having the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e. C ⁇ -C 8 means one to eight carbons).
• saturated hydrocarbon radicals include groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, cyclohexyl, (cyclohexyl)ethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, homo logs and isomers of, for example, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n- octyl, and the like.
• An unsaturated alkyl group is one having one or more double bonds or triple bonds.
• alkyl groups examples include vinyl, 2-propenyl, crotyl, 2- isopentenyl, 2-(butadienyl), 2,4-pentadienyl, 3-(l,4-pentadienyl), ethynyl, 1- and 3-propynyl, 3-butynyl, and the higher homologs and isomers.
• alkyl unless otherwise noted, is also meant to include those derivatives of alkyl defined in more detail below as
• heteroalkyl by itself or as part of another substituent means a divalent radical derived from an alkane, as exemplified by - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -.
• alkyl group will have from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, with those groups having 8 or fewer carbon atoms being preferred in the present invention.
• alkoxy alkylamino
• alkylthio or thioalkoxy
• dialkylamino refers to an amino group having two attached alkyl groups (or aryl groups) that can be the same or different.
• heteroalkyl by itself or in combination with another term, means, unless otherwise stated, a stable straight or branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, or combinations thereof, consisting of the stated number of carbon atoms and from one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quatemized.
• the heteroatom(s) O, N and S may be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group.
• the heteroatom Si may be placed at any position of the heteroalkyl group, including the position at which the alkyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule.
• Up to two heteroatoms may be consecutive, such as, for example, -CH 2 -NH-OCH 3 and -CH 2 -O-Si(CH 3 ) 3 .
• cycloalkyl and “heterocycloalkyl”, by themselves or in combination with other terms, represent, unless otherwise stated, cyclic versions of “alkyl” and “heteroalkyl”, respectively. Additionally, for heterocycloalkyl, a heteroatom can occupy the position at which the heterocycle is attached to the remainder of the molecule. Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohexenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.
• heterocycloalkyl examples include 1 -(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridyl), 1 - piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydrothien-2-yl, tetrahydrothien-3-yl, 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl, and the like.
• halo or halogen, by themselves or as part of another substituent, mean, unless otherwise stated, a fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom.
• aryl employed alone or in combination with other terms (e.g., aryloxy, arylthioxy, arylalkyl) means, unless otherwise stated, an aromatic substituent which can be a single ring or multiple rings (up to three rings) which are fused together or linked covalently.
• the rings may each contain from zero to four heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen atom(s) are optionally quatemized.
• aryl groups that contain heteroatoms may be referred to as "heteroaryl” and can be attached to the remainder of the molecule through a heteroatom
• aryl groups include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-biphenyl, pyrazinyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidyl, 4-pyrimidyl, 1-isoquinolyl, 5- isoquinolyl, 5-quinoxalinyl and 5-quinolyl.
• Substituents for each of the above noted aryl ring systems are selected from the group of acceptable substituents described below.
• arylalkyl is meant to include those radicals in which an aryl group is attached to an alkyl group (e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, pyridylmethyl and the like) or a heteroalkyl group (e.g., phenoxymethyl, 2-pyridyloxymethyl, 3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl, and the like).
• alkyl group e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, pyridylmethyl and the like
• a heteroalkyl group e.g., phenoxymethyl, 2-pyridyloxymethyl, 3-(l-naphthyloxy)propyl, and the like.
• the extreme end, 2N+ 1 when N is 2 or more, is meant to include those polyhaloalkyl groups such as perfluoroethyl and the like.
• the groups R', R" and R'" each independently refer to hydrogen, unsubstituted(C ⁇ -C 8 )alkyl and heteroalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, aryl substituted with 1-3 halogens, unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups, or aryl-(C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl groups.
• R' and R" When R' and R" are attached to the same nitrogen atom, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring.
• -NR'R is meant to include l-pyrrolidinyl and 4-morpholinyl.
• alkyl in its broadest sense is meant to include groups such as haloalkyl (e.g., -CF 3 and -CH 2 CF 3 ) and acyl (e.g., -C(O)CH 3 , -C(O)CF 3 , - C(O)CH 2 OCH , and the like).
• the alkyl groups will have from 0-3 substituents, more preferably 0, 1 , or 2 substituents, unless otherwise specified.
• a polyphenylene oligomer, p-hexaphenyl (PHP) has poor solubility, but can be vacuum sublimed onto a substrate surface to produce a stable and highly efficient electroluminescent device.
• PPP p-hexaphenyl
• the present invention provides compounds, compositions and methods for the preparation of OEL materials.
• the materials can be constructed using an extension of the coupling of aryl diazonium salts with quinones (see, Koch, U.S. Patent No. 4,288,147).
• Koch U.S. Patent No. 4,288,147
• Figure 1 provides a general method to the preparation of an alkoxy-substituted heptaphenylene compound. In this scheme, the alkoxy groups can be the same or different.
• chlorine substituents on benzoquinone (2,5-dichloro-l,4-benzoquinone) serve to direct the subsequent arylation reactions into a proper 1,4-paraphenylene substitution pattern, and can be further manipulated or reduced at a later stage of synthesis.
• compositions of the invention include "branched" polymers of aryl groups, block copolymers, polyfurano ladder oligomers, as well as crosslinked oligomeric paraphenylene compounds.
• the present invention provides an oligomeric para-phenylene compound having the formula:
• the formula above is meant to include compounds represented by, for example, R 1 -Ar 1 -Ar 2 -Ar 3 -Ar 4 -Ar 5 -Ar 6 -R 2 ; R 1 -Ar l -Ar 2 -Ar 3 -Ar 4 -Ar 5 -Ar 6 -Ar 7 -Ar 8 -Ar 9 -R 2 ; and
• each of the Ar groups can be the same or different, but wherein a coplanar arrangement is maintained.
• the phrase "linked together in a 1 ,4- paraphenylene manner” refers to a linkage between aryl (or arylene) groups in which a coplanar orientation is maintained that allows cross conjugation and electron delocahzation between rings.
• phenyl (or phenylene) is linked in a 1,4 manner wherein adjacent Ar 1 groups are attached at the 1- and 4- ⁇ ositions (relative to each other) on the phenyl or phenylene ring.
• fused polycyclic ring systems e.g., naphthylene
• the adjacent Ar' groups are attached at the 2- and 6-positions and not the 1- and 4-positions. In this manner, electron flow is not interrupted by twisting of the naphthylene ring out of a coplanar arrangement with adjacent rings.
• the Ar' groups are independently selected from unsubstituted phenylene and phenylene having from 1 to 4 fluoro substituents.
• the Ar 1 groups are independently selected from unsubstituted phenylene, phenylene having from 1 to 4 fluoro substituents; and substituted or unsubstituted fused polycyclic aryl with the proviso that any fused polycyclic aryl groups are linked in the compound in a manner that maintains a coplanar orientation relative to the adjacent Ar 1 groups.
• the fused polycyclic aryl groups are selected from substituted or unsubstituted 2,6-naphthylene, 2,7-phenanthrylene, 2,6-anthrylene, and 2,6- carbazolylidene, with the proviso that the substituents on the fused polycyclic rings do not disturb the coplanar arrangement of the Ar 1 groups.
• the subscript n is an integer of from 5 to 9. Still further preferred are those embodiments in which the subscript n is 7 and Ar 3 and Ar 5 are substituted or unsubstituted 2,6-naphthylene.
• the substituents R 1 and R 2 are selected to increase the solubility of the oligomer in a nonpolar organic solvent such as toluene or xylene, relative to the solubility of the oligomer wherein R 1 and R 2 are each hydrogen. Accordingly, preferred embodiments
• R and R each independently have the formula:
• each Ar 1 is selected from: a) a 1 ,4-phenylene group having the formula:
• each R 4 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C] 2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted di(C ⁇ -
• C 12 alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino and halogen, with the proviso that at least two of the four R 4 substituents are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, and b) an aryl biradical selected from 1 ,4-naphthylene, 1,4-anthrylene, 9,10- anthrylene, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphth- 1,4-ylene, 9,9',10,10'-tetra(C ⁇ -C ]2 )alkyl-9,10- dihydroanthr- 1,4-ylene, 9,9' 10,10'-tetraaryl-9,10-dihydroanthr- 1,4-ylene, 9,9'10,10'- t
• each Ar 1 is a 1 ,4-phenylene group having the formula:
• each R 4 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C 12 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C] )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted di(C ⁇ - C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino and halogen, with the proviso that at least two of the four R 4 substituents are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C] 2 )alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy. More preferably, at least two of the four R 4 substituents are substituted or unsubstituted (C]-C]
• m is an integer of from 1 to 3 and each Ar 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted ring system selected from 1,4-naphthylene, 1 ,4-anthrylene, 9,10-anthrylene, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphth-l,4-ylene, 9,9', 10,10 '-tetra(C C ⁇ 2 )alkyl-9, 10- dihydroanthr- 1,4-ylene, 9,9'10,10'-tetraaryl-9,10-dihydroanthr-l,4-ylene, 9,9' 10,10'- tetra(C i -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl-9, 10-dihydroanthr-2,6-ylene, and 9,9' 10, 10' -tetraaryl-9, 10-dihydroanthr- 1,4-ylene. More preferably, m is one or two and each Ar 1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted
• R 3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted di(C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, and substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino.
• the oligomeric paraphenylene compound has the formula:
• each of R a , R b , R c and R d is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted and substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ )alkoxy; the subscripts p, q, r, s, t and u are each independently integers of from 0 to 2; and each of R e , R f , R g , R h , R 1 and R J are independently a halogen, preferably fluorine.
• each of R a , R b , R c and R d is substituted or unsubstituted (C]-C 12 )alkoxy, more preferably methoxy or ethoxy; the subscripts p, q, r, s, t and u are each 1; and each of R e , R f , R g , R h , R 1 and R J are halogen, preferably fluorine.
• Scheme 1 is illustrative of methods useful in preparing compounds of this aspect of the invention.
• Reaction of ii with iii provides the adduct iv, which can be reduced to dihydroxy compound v and alkylated with, for example, octyl bromide in KOH and acetone, to provide vi.
• Diazotization of vi and reaction with 0.5 equivalents of 2,5-dichloro-l,4-benzoquinone provides the bis-adduct, vii.
• the chloro groups of vii can be removed by hydrogeno lysis over a palladium on carbon catalyst, and the resulting hydroquinone can be oxidized to the quinone viii using chromic acid.
• Reduction of viii to ix is accomplished, preferably using sodium borohydride in a solution of boron trifluoride etherate and diglyme.
• the present invention provides a branched polymeric aromatic compound having the formula:
• each R is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (d-C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, phenyl and halogen; the subscript n is an integer of from 3 to 8; and each Ar 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group in which the superscript i is an integer denoting the position of each aryl group away from the central tetrasubstituted phenyl ring.
• each Ar 1 can be the same or different from Ar 1 at any other position, with the proviso that the Ar 1 groups are linked together in a 1,4-paraphenylene manner.
• each Ar 1 and each Ar 3 is 1 ,4-phenylene and each Ar 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene, preferably a phenylene substituted with from 1 to 4 fluorine substituents.
• the present invention provides compounds having the formula:
• each R 11 and R 12 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted (Ci- C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (Ci- C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C
• each X is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (Ci-C] 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted di(C ⁇ - C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino and halogen.
• the hydroquinone and benzoquinone subunits are present in about a 50:50 ratio.
• the hydroquinone and benzoquinone subunits alternate in the polymer so that no two hydroquinone subunits are adjacent and no two benzoquinone subunits are adjacent.
• two adjacent hydroquinone subunits alternate with one benzoquinone subunit.
• two adjacent benzoquinone subunits alternate with one hydroquinone subunit.
• hydroquinone and benzoquinone oligomers of the present invention are interesting and useful materials.
• the two electron oxidation state variation between adjacent benzoquinone and hydroquinone subunits is conducive to bipolaron charge carrier formation and therefore make these materials useful as electron and hole transporting materials.
• Scheme 2 illustrates a method for synthesizing a hydroquinone/benzoquinone material.
• hydroquinone is mononitrated and reduced to the aniline x, according to standard procedures.
• the aniline x is again subjected to mononitration and reduction to provide xi.
• Bis-sulfonylation (with either alkyl or aryl sulfonyl chlorides) can be accomplished using sodium hydride and an appropriate sulfonyl chloride in pyridine to produce xii.
• Diazotization of each of the aniline amino groups and treatment of the resultant tetrazonium salt with 2,5-dichloro-l,4-benzoquinone provides xiii.
• xiii Reaction of xiii with two equivalents (or excess) of the mono-diazonium salt of xii produces xiv.
• the diamine, xiv can be converted to the tetrazonium salt (a b/s-diazonium salt), according to established methods of diazotization, and then reacted with 2,5-dichloro-l,4-benzoquinone to provide xv.
• the oligomer xvi can be hydrolyzed (e.g., potassium hydroxide and water) and acidified (HCl and water) to produce a target hydroquinone/benzoquinone compound xvii.
• the present invention provides polyfurano ladder oligomers having the formula:
• each of R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted (C]-C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C
• R 22 and R 25 are each H. More preferably, the subscript z is an integer of from 2 to 4, and R 22 and R 25 are each H. In general, these oligomers can be prepared via photocyclization of certain intermediates described above.
• polyfurano ladder compounds have a particular utility in the area of photoresist applications. A portion of their utility resides in the greater solubility of the precursor materials in organic solvents, relative to the polyfurano ladder compounds.
• X denotes a blocking group (e.g., an alkyl or alkoxy group)
• a blocking group e.g., an alkyl or alkoxy group
• the castable material can be exposed to UV light through a patterned photomask and converted to a polymeric material containing structural units having the formula:
• the invention provides a block copolymer having the formula: R 21 -(O) k -R 22 (VI) wherein each R 21 and R 22 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted ( - C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ - C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (C !
• each Q 1 is a para-phenylene block subunit or a solubility-enhancing subunit, said subunits selected from the formulae:
• each R 23 is a member independently selected from the group consisting of H, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C]-C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C] )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted (Ci- C ⁇ 2 )alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted di(C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino and halogen, with the proviso that at least two of the four R 23 substituents are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 )alkoxy, and b) an aryl biradical selected from the group consisting of 1,4-n
• Q , Q and Q are block paraphenylene subunits and Q 2 , Q 4 and Q 6 are solubility enhancing subunits.
• Q 1 , Q 3 , Q 5 and Q 7 are solubility enhancing subunits and Q 2 , Q 4 and Q 6 are block para-phenylene subunits.
• Scheme 3 illustrates one method of preparing block copolymers of the present invention.
• the compound xxii can be produced starting with disulfonation of anthraquinone, which can be converted to diaminoanthraquinone, followed by reduction to the diaminoanfhracene and tetrazotization of 2,6-diaminoanthracene (see, Lubs, Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes and Pigments, Kreiger Publishing, p. 353; Houben-Weyl, NII-1, p. 244; and Bapat, et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1(5):15 (I960)). Conversion of xxiii to target copolymer xxiv can be accomplished by a series of reduction/oxidation/reduction steps as shown in Scheme 3.
• linear oligomers of the present invention can be prepared by a variety of methods.
• Figure 1 illustrates one scheme toward the preparation of the subject compounds.
• an aryl diazonium salt (xxv) is combined with 2,5-dichloro-l,4- benzoquinone (Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA) to produce an aryl substituted benzoquinone (xxvi).
• Treatment of xxvi with a second aryl diazonium salt (xxvii) provides comopund xxviii.
• two equivalents of xxviii are oxidized to the corresponding diazonium salt and combined with another equivalent of 2,5-dichloro-l,4-benzoquinone to provide xxix.
• Hydrogeno lysis removes the chloro substituents and provides a hydroquinone species which can then be oxidized to the quinone (chromic acid) and reduced to the target compound xxx with sodium borohydride and boron trifluoride etherate.
• the two O-alkyl groups (shown as OR) can be the same or different depending on diazonium salts used in the conversion of xxviii to xxix.
• diazonium salts used in the conversion of xxviii to xxix.
• a variety of starting aryl diazonium salts are known in the literature (see, Zollinger, DIAZO CHEMISTRY, VOL 1 , AROMATIC AND HETEROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS, Wiley (1994)).
• the diquinone 2,5,2', 5'-tetrachlorobibenzoquinone (xxxiii, see Koch, U.S. Patent No. 4,288,147) can be treated with two equivalents of diazonium salt xxvii to provide xxxiv.
• Formation of the bis diazonium salt of xxxiv and reaction of that salt with a suitably blocked benzoquinone (xxxv) provides a compound of formula xxxvi, which upon hydrogeno lysis and strong reduction provides the target compound xxxvii.
• Figure 4 illustrates another approach for preparing oligomers having an even number of phenylene groups.
• benzidene diamine is converted to the bis diazonium salt xxxviii for use as a starting material.
• the diazonium salt is reacted with two equivalents of xxvi, to produce intermediate xxxix. Again, hydrogenolysis and strong reduction of xxxix provides a target compound, xl.
• the oligomeric para-phenylene compounds have diarylamino groups at each terminus.
• One route for the preparation of such compounds is illustrated in Figure 5.
• triphenylamine Aldrich Chemical Co.
• xiii a mono-nitro product
• Friedel-Crafts acylation of the two remaining para positions provides xlii, which can be reduced to the corresponding amine, and diazotized to provide xliii.
• Reaction of xliii with excess 2,5-dichloro-l,4-benzoquinone provides xliv.
• Coupling of two equivalents of xliv to the bis diazonium salt xiv provides intermediate xlvi.
• the invention provides branched polymeric aromatic compounds. Such branched oligomers can be produced if the 1 ,4-benzoquinone does not have the 2- and 5-positions blocked (see Figure 6). As illustrated in Figure 6, 1 ,4- benzoquinone can be treated with four equivalents of a suitable diazonium salt (e.g., xlviii) to provide compound xlix. Hydrogenolysis and reduction of xlix as described for various species above provides a branched polymeric aromatic compound of formula 1. In yet another group of embodiments, the invention provides polyfurano ladder oligomers.
• oligomers can be prepared using intermediates described in the methods above. Accordingly, photocyclization of compounds such as li provides a polyfurano ladder oligomer having the formula Hi (see Figure 7). Substitution of the benzoquinones and diazonium salts used in the preparation of a precursor (e.g., Ii), can lead to a variety of differently substituted compounds.
• poly (para-phenylene 2,5- heptyloxy-p-benzoquinonylene, liii) can be produced from 2,5-heptyloxybenzoquinone with tetraazotized 1,4-phenylenediamine (see Figure 8). Reduction of liii provides the related hydroquinone polymer liv, or can be exposed to UV light to produce a polyfurano ladder oligomer lv.
• the present invention further provides methods for the preparation of such materials on a solid support. These methods are useful for preparing such oligomers that will ultimately be cleaved from the support, and also for preparing oligomers that are attached at the site of their utility.
• Figure 9 provides a general scheme for the preparation of oligomeric or polymeric para-phenylene compounds on a solid support.
• a solid support e.g., glass or an indium-tin oxide surface, lvi
• an arylalkyl silane e.g., triethoxy 4- (4-amino ⁇ henyl)butylsilane, lvii, from United Chemical Technologies, Bristol, Pennsylvania
• Diazotization of the arylamines and reaction with 2,5-dichloro-l,4-benzoquinone provides a surface as shown in lix.
• the present invention provides a method of preparing a polymeric OLED material on a solid support, the method comprising: (a) contacting a solid support-bound aryl diazonium salt with 3,6- dichloroquinone under conditions sufficient to form a solid support-bound aryl quinone derivative; and
• step (d) terminating the polymeric OLED material by contacting the product of step (c) with a terminating diazonium compound having the formula:
• R is a member selected from the group consisting of H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino and substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino; and m is an integer of from 0 to 3.
• an intermediate poly OLED material having the formula:
• L is a linking group; the shaded sphere is a solid support; and X 1 is a member selected from the group consisting of halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, and substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino.
• the solid support is selected from glass, tin oxide, indium oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• the present invention provides a solid support-bound poly OLED material formed by the methods above.
• the solid supports used in this aspect of the invention can be any of a variety of supports used and known in field of liquid-crystal display technology.
• Preferred supports include glass supports, tin oxide supports, indium oxide supports and tin oxide/indium oxide mixture supports.
• the solid support-bound aryl diazonium salt of step (a) can encompass a variety of aryl diazonium salts which are covalently attached to the solid support.
• the covalent attachment is through a linking group which provides suitable spacing for the aryl diazonium salt to interact freely with molecules or reactive components exposed to the diazonium salt.
• the linking group is typically 6-50 atoms long and, prior to attachment to the support, will have a surface attaching portion and a longer chain portion.
• the surface attaching portion is that part of the linking group or spacer which is directly attached to the solid support.
• This portion can be attached to the solid support via carbon-carbon bonds using, for example, supports having (poly)trifluorochloroethylene surfaces, or preferably, by siloxane bonds (using, for example, glass, silicon oxide, tin oxide or indium oxide as the solid support).
• Siloxane bonds with the surface of the support are formed in one embodiment via reactions of surface attaching portions bearing trichlorosilyl or trialkoxysilyl groups.
• At the distal end of the linking group is a site for attachment to the aryl diazonium salt component.
• groups which are suitable for attachment to a longer chain portion would include amines, hydroxyl, thiol, and carboxyl.
• cleavable linkages are preferred for those embodiments in which the poly OLED material is ultimately to be removed from the support.
• a more robust linkage is preferred.
• Figure 9 illustrates the attachment of an aryl amine (a diazonium salt precursor) to a solid support via a linking group that is covalently attached to the aryl amine through a stable carbon-carbon bond.
• the solid support bound aryl diazonium salt is contacted with a substituted benzoquinone (e.g., 2,5-dichloro-l,4-benzoquinone or another suitably blocked benzoquinone) under conditions sufficient to form a solid support-bound aryl quinone derivative.
• a substituted benzoquinone e.g., 2,5-dichloro-l,4-benzoquinone or another suitably blocked benzoquinone
• the aryl quinone derivative is the species that is the result of covalent bond formation between the carbon atom bearing the diazonium moiety and a carbon atom (at a position ⁇ to a carbonyl group) of the substituted benzoquinone.
• a variety of conditions can be employed for forming the desired support-bound aryl quinone derivative.
• the substituted benzoquinone can be contacted with the solid support bound aryl diazonium salt in the presence of an aqueous/organic solvent mixture (e.g., ethanol/water) at temperatures of from about 0°C to about room temperature, more preferably from about 0°C to about 10°C.
• an aqueous/organic solvent mixture e.g., ethanol/water
• the substituted benzoquinone is preferably a 2,5-disubstituted 1,4-benzoquinone, more preferably, 2,5-dichloro-l,4-benzoquinone, 2,5- dimethyl-l,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-diphenyl-l,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-dimefhoxy-l,4- benzoquinone, or 4,8-dichloro-l,5-naphthoquinone, as well as related benzoquinones having alternative alkoxy, halogen or alkyl blocking groups at the 2- and 5-positions.
• the aryl quinone derivative produced in step (a) is one in which a benzoquinone moiety is attached at the distal end of the nascent poly OLED material (see, for example, lix in Figure 9). Further elaboration of the poly OLED material is accomplished via reaction of a diazonium compound with the benzoquinone moiety to form a covalent linkage at the open carbon atom (see, for example, lxi in Figure 9). Essentially any of the diazonium salts provided in the Figures above and further referred to herein can be used in this aspect of the invention.
• the diazonium compound is one having the formula:
• R represents an amino, hydroxy, halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino or a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino.
• R represents an amino, hydroxy, halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino or a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino.
• Protected forms of the above groups are also useful in the present invention.
• the letter X 1 represents a blocking group such as, for example, a halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, and the like.
• the conditions used to form the intermediate poly OLED material are essentially those conditions (solvent, temperature) described above for step (a).
• the reaction is carried out in an aqueous ethanol mixture at a temperature of from 0°C to about room temperature.
• the intermediate poly OLED material has the formula:
• L is a linking group; the shaded sphere is a solid support; and X is selected from halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, and substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino.
• the arylation of quinones, described herein, can be used to prepare reactive monomers that also find utility in the preparation of crosslinked light-emitting polymers.
• reactive monomers can be patterned like photoresists to allow patterning of red- green-blue (RGB) full-color light emitting pixels.
• RGB red- green-blue
• An example of such a process is shown in Figures 10 (for poly para-phenylene compounds) and 11 (for polyfurano ladder compounds).

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