Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
  • A01N63/50—Isolated enzymes; Isolated proteins

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and device for controlling lice, in particular sea lice.
• Sea louse is the general name of parasitic oar- footed crustaceans (copepods) , which are found at (marine) water culture production locations where fish are farmed. In Northern Europe and particularly in Scotland and Norway sea lice are already the most significant threat to production locations of sea fish and the problem only continues to grow. Damage and death of fish due to sea louse infections are an important cost overhead in aquaculture . The problem also occurs in seawater and brackish water fish farms and shrimp ponds in South-East Asia, particularly in Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia.
• the parasitic sea louse copepods belong to the family of the Caliqidae, comprising 23 genera and 200 species.
• the most important genera are Lepeophteirus , Calicgis and Pseudocali ⁇ us , because they can result in high mortality.
• the most important parasite is Lepeophtheirus salmonis and to a lesser degree Caligus elongatus. Both belong to the Caliqidae and are ectoparasites on salmonoids.
• the life cycle of L. salmonis comprises 10 stages, of which the 4 chalimus stages infect the salmon. They attach themselves to the fish with claw-shaped antennae, penetrate the skin of the fish and thus cause skin lesions and large open wounds. Secondary bacterial and fungal infections are subsequently often the cause of death of the fish.
• a composition which at least consists of: a) lactoperoxidase; b) thiocyanate; and/or c) iodide; and d) a hydrogen peroxide source.
• this method is particularly suitable for controlling sea lice, it can also be employed to control other lice, such as aphids on plants, lice on animals, such as head lice in people.
• Controlling lice on plants can for instance be done by spraying, while treatment of head louse can take place by rinsing, rubbing- in or spraying.
• composition consisting of lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate and/or iodide and hydrogen peroxide is most effective when the concentration thereof with which the lice come into contact amounts for lactoperoxidase (LP) to 0.5 to 20 mg/1, preferably 1 to 10 mg/1, more preferably 2.5 to 7.5 mg/1 and most preferably about 5 mg/1, for hydrogen peroxide to at least 10, preferably at least 50, more preferably at least 100 mg/1, for thiocyanate (SCN " ) to at least about 2.5 mg/1, preferably at least about 5 mg/1, more preferably at least about 10 mg/1, but a maximum of 100 mg/1, and for iodide (I " ) to at least about 5 mg/1, preferably at least about 30 mg/1, but a maximum of 100 mg/1.
• LP lactoperoxidase
• SCN thiocyanate
• I " iodide
• concentration with which the lice come into contact this is intended to mean the concentration which is present in the treatment bath in the case of sea lice, or in the spray or other means of application in the case of other lice.
• Composition is likewise understood to mean that in which the concentrations are equal to the treatment concentrations.
• Such a composition for controlling lice on an organism therefore comprises the following active substances : a) lactoperoxidase (LP) in a quantity of 0.5 to 20 mg/1, preferably 1 to 10 mg/1, more preferably 2.5 to 7.5 mg/1 and most preferably about 5 mg/1; b) hydrogen peroxide in a quantity of at least 10, preferably at least 50, more preferably at least 100 mg/1; c) thiocyanate (SCN " ) in a quantity of at least about 2.5 mg/1, preferably at least about 5 mg/1, more preferably at least about 10 mg/1, but a maximum of 100 mg/1; and d) iodide (I " ) in a quantity of at least about 5 mg/1, preferably at least about 20 mg/1, but a maximum of 100 mg/1.
• active substances a) lactoperoxidase (LP) in a quantity of 0.5 to 20 mg/1, preferably 1 to 10 mg/1, more preferably 2.5 to 7.5 mg/1 and most preferably about 5 mg/1; b
• the composition according to the invention comprises: 5 mg/1 lactoperoxidase, 10 mg/1 thiocyanate, 30 mg/1 iodide and 100 mg/1 hydrogen peroxide.
• This composition can in turn be manufactured from a kit consisting of at least two components.
• the components of the kit are at least two components, wherein the first component comprises lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate and/or iodide and the second component hydrogen peroxide .
• Supplying hydrogen peroxide separately prevents lactoperoxidase already becoming active in the packaging. The activity of the final composition could thereby be reduced.
• a kit may however also consist of more than two components, wherein in addition to the separate hydrogen peroxide the other constituents are also supplied separately or in pairs of two.
• the components can each individually be in liquid or solid form. Particularly the component consisting of lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate and/or iodide also forms part of the invention.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment of the kit comprises at least two components, wherein the first component is formed by a composition comprising lactoperoxidase in a quantity resulting in a concentration with which the lice come into contact of 0.5 to 20 mg/1, preferably 1 to 10 mg/1, more preferably 2.5 to 7.5 mg/1 and most preferably about 5 mg/1, thiocyanate in a quantity resulting in a concentration with which the lice come into contact of at least about 2.5 mg/1, preferably at least about 5 mg/1, more preferably at least about 10 mg/1, but a maximum of 100 mg/1, and/or iodide in a quantity resulting in a concentration with which the lice come into contact of at least about 5 mg/1, preferably at least about 20 mg/1, but a maximum of 100 mg/1, and the second component is formed by a solution of hydrogen peroxide in a quantity resulting in a concentration with which the lice come into contact of at least 10, preferably at least 50, more preferably at least 100 mg/1.
• the first component consists of lactoperoxidase in a quantity resulting in a concentration with which the lice come into contact of about 5 mg/1, thiocyanate in a quantity resulting in a concentration with which the lice come into contact of about 10 mg/1 and/or iodide in a quantity resulting in a concentration with which the lice come into contact of about 30 mg/1, and the second component is formed by a solution of hydrogen peroxide in a quantity resulting in a concentration with which the lice come into contact of 100 mg/1.
• the composition can also be formed from a concentrated composition or a solid composition which contains all constituents.
• the desired treatment concentrations then result by adding this concentrated liquid or solid composition to water.
• the invention further relates to the use of the composition, kit or components thereof for controlling lice in general and sea lice in particular.
• the invention also comprises the use of the kit or the components therefrom for manufacturing the composition.
• the composition according to the invention is herein designated as "LP system” .
• Young salmon with an average weight of about 50 g. were exposed to solutions (in seawater) of the individual components and to complete LP systems .
• the table below shows the concentration.
• Counts were carried out prior to the treatment and it was determined that all tanks contained sufficient pre-adult stage lice. The treatments were then started. Two of the tanks (1 and 3) were treated with the LP system according to the invention (2.5 mg/1 LP, 2.5 mg/1 KSCN, 7.5 mg/1 KI and 100 mg/1 H 2 0 2 ) for 20 minutes. Tanks 2 and 4 received an identical treatment with seawater. The temperature of the seawater was 15 °C and it contained more than 8 mg/1 oxygen. Samples were assessed 1, 24 and 48 hours after treatment. Lice levels on the fish were recorded and compared with the levels before the treatment making use of Student's t-test.
• the results of the lice counts are shown in the table below.
• the lice counts are expressed per fish and are average values of 10 fish.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Virology (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

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Publications (1)

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ID=19768925

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Cited By (6)

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Citations (2)

• 1999
  • 1999-03-26 NL NL1011681A patent/NL1011681C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2000
  • 2000-03-23 NZ NZ514229A patent/NZ514229A/en unknown
  • 2000-03-23 AU AU35763/00A patent/AU3576300A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-03-23 JP JP2000607470A patent/JP2002540124A/ja active Pending
  • 2000-03-23 WO PCT/NL2000/000196 patent/WO2000057704A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-03-23 CA CA002365176A patent/CA2365176A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-03-23 EP EP00914375A patent/EP1164851A1/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2001
  • 2001-09-20 NO NO20014569A patent/NO20014569L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (2)

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