WO2000050952A1 - Optical modulator - Google Patents

Optical modulator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000050952A1
WO2000050952A1 PCT/GB2000/000626 GB0000626W WO0050952A1 WO 2000050952 A1 WO2000050952 A1 WO 2000050952A1 GB 0000626 W GB0000626 W GB 0000626W WO 0050952 A1 WO0050952 A1 WO 0050952A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
optical path
path
modulator according
paths
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2000/000626
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
David Robert Wight
Nicola Shaw
William James Stewart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marconi Caswell Ltd
Original Assignee
Marconi Caswell Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marconi Caswell Ltd filed Critical Marconi Caswell Ltd
Priority to US09/647,382 priority Critical patent/US6529646B1/en
Priority to EP00905184A priority patent/EP1071978A1/en
Priority to JP2000601490A priority patent/JP4500452B2/ja
Publication of WO2000050952A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000050952A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • G02F1/035—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
    • G02F1/0356—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure controlled by a high-frequency electromagnetic wave component in an electric waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on thermo-optic effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction
    • G02F1/0155—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction modulating the optical absorption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction
    • G02F1/025—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • G02F1/0344—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect controlled by a high-frequency electromagnetic wave component in an electric waveguide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference
    • G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference in an optical waveguide structure
    • G02F1/2255—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference in an optical waveguide structure controlled by a high-frequency electromagnetic component in an electric waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference
    • G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference in an optical waveguide structure
    • G02F1/2257—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference in an optical waveguide structure the optical waveguides being made of semiconducting material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an optical modulator and in particular, although not exclusively,
  • Optical modulators are extensively used in optical telecommunication systems to
  • the optical modulator in response to a modulating
  • Optical modulators can generally be categorised into two types depending on their
  • modulators can be implemented as waveguide or non-waveguide devices.
  • the optical signal(s) is guided along a specific path, or paths,
  • Modulation of the optical signal is effected by changing
  • planar devices such as for example the Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator.
  • modulators are Fabry-Perot modulators and
  • Resonant modulators operate by changing the resonant wavelength to effect switching
  • active medium (the active medium being the part of the device over which the active medium
  • Modulation can be achieved by using a wide range of
  • a resonant modulator is the Fabry-Perot vertical cavity reflective
  • the modulator which is a non-waveguide device.
  • the device comprises two partially
  • the optical signal is reflected by the first
  • the optical signal passes substantially unattenuated through the first mirror, the "active"
  • the modulator can be made to switch between reflective and tranmissive states.
  • Non-resonant modulators operate by modulating the phase and/or the intensity of the
  • optical signal in the "active" medium within the modulator This switching can be
  • modulator which is an interferometric waveguide device.
  • the optical signal is split to pass along two optical paths each of which comprises an "active"
  • the optical output of the device is derived by combining the
  • optical modulators are often a compromise to optimise one or more of these
  • the present invention has arisen in an endeavour to provide an optical modulator which
  • an optical modulator comprises an optical input; an optical input; an optical input; an optical input; an optical input; an optical input; an optical input; and an optical input;
  • optical output at least one optical path connecting the optical input and output; means
  • control signal such as to modulate light passing along the optical path
  • interaction time of an optical signal passing along the part of the optical where it is modulated is increased and the modulation effect is thus enhanced.
  • each resonator structure is
  • reflecting planes is defined by a grating structure.
  • the optical path comprises an electro-optic material whose refractive index is
  • characteristic comprises electrodes for applying an electric field to the material.
  • the optical path comprises an electro-absorption material whose optical
  • optical characteristic applies an electric field to the material.
  • the optical path comprises a thermo-optic material whose optical
  • optical characteristics changes the temperature of the material.
  • the modulator further comprises a second optical path;
  • optical splitter for splitting the optical signal to pass along the first and second optical
  • an optical combiner for combining the optical signals from the paths to form the
  • each of the optical paths comprises an electro-optic material whose refractive index is dependent on electrical field and the means for changing the
  • optical characteristics applies different electrical fields to the two paths.
  • optical paths such that the electrical field travels along said path or paths
  • the optical path(s) is (are) defined by a waveguide.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic of an optical modulator in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plot of optical transmission (intensity I) versus wavelength ⁇ for (a) the
  • optical medium and (b) the optical medium incorporating a slow-wave structure;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of one implementation of the optical modulator of
  • FIG. 1 Referring to Figure 1 there is shown an optical modulator in accordance with the
  • invention which comprises an optical input 2 to which an optical signal to be modulated
  • optical signal is applied.
  • the optical signal is divided by an optical splitter 4 into respective optical
  • optic material whose refractive index is dependent upon electrical field.
  • a segmented electrode arrangement 10 is provided for applying an electric field
  • optical signals which pass along the optical paths 6 and 8 are
  • the modulating signal v mod has the effect of changing the refractive index of the path 4
  • optical signals is altered.
  • phase shift equal to one or more wavelengths is applied the two optical signals.
  • segmented electrode structure 10 is provided on both optical paths 6, 8 and different
  • the modulator of the present invention furthermore, is a Mach-Zehnder optical modulator.
  • the modulator of the present invention furthermore, is a Mach-Zehnder optical modulator.
  • optical slow-wave structure hereinafter be referred to as an optical slow-wave structure.
  • optical slow-wave structure shown in Figure 1 comprises a series of coupled optical
  • resonator comprises an adjacent pair of partially reflecting planes(within the Figure one
  • slow-wave structures comprises five series coupled optical resonators in each path.
  • each partially reflecting plane is defined by a grating
  • optical resonators or cavities are conveniently formed by
  • the same effect can be achieved by using a continuous distributed reflector with a series of regular discontinuities such as the
  • optical signals travel through the slow-wave structure in their respective optical path
  • the optical slow-wave structure thus has the effect of producing an optical
  • optical slow-wave pass band of bandwidth ⁇ sw , flanked by optical
  • stop bands of bandwidth ⁇ sb The stop band bandwidth ⁇ sb and slow-wave pass band
  • bandwidth ⁇ sw are determined by the parameters of the structure (i.e. the length and
  • optical signal travels at the same velocity within the cavity but traverses a number of
  • the device comprises a
  • Al GaAs aluminium gallium arsenide
  • GaAs arsenide
  • active optical medium and the optical paths 6 and 8 are defined within this layer by a
  • rib-loaded waveguide structure 24 made of Al GaAs, which is provided on the surface
  • the Al GaAs rib structure loads the optical
  • coupler 12 are defined as part of the rib structure 24 and each is formed as a 3dB coupler
  • the device has two inputs 2a, 2b and two outputs 14a, 14b.
  • the slow-wave structure is formed by a series of groups of notches 26 in the respective
  • Each notch 26 runs in a direction which is transverse to the
  • each group is spaced a distance ⁇ R /2n apart and each group defines a partial reflecting plane within the active medium 22 by the rib loading effect. Adjacent groups of notches 26a,
  • 26b define the optical resonator cavity of the slow-wave resonator structure.
  • notches 26 is a segmented electrode structure 28 which in conjunction with an electrode
  • the substrate 20 is used to apply the modulating electric field to the GaAs layer 22.
  • the device can be made approximately one half to one third (1/1.6 to 1/2.9) the size or
  • the drive power can be reduced by the same factor.
  • modulator described has the form of a travelling wave electrode structure to produce an
  • segmented electrodes and the optical signal velocity that is the velocity at which the
  • optical signals pass along the paths can be matched to optimise the modulator's
  • the invention is applicable to all types of modulators where the magnitude of modulation is dependent upon the interaction time
  • the present invention resides in the incorporation of an optical slow-wave structure into
  • the active medium is that part of the optical medium over which the
  • modulation such as, for example, an electro-absorption, thermo-optic or resonant type

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
PCT/GB2000/000626 1999-02-23 2000-02-22 Optical modulator Ceased WO2000050952A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/647,382 US6529646B1 (en) 1999-02-23 2000-02-22 Optical modulator
EP00905184A EP1071978A1 (en) 1999-02-23 2000-02-22 Optical modulator
JP2000601490A JP4500452B2 (ja) 1999-02-23 2000-02-22 光変調器

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9904077.6 1999-02-23
GB9904077A GB2347230B (en) 1999-02-23 1999-02-23 Optical slow-wave modulator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000050952A1 true WO2000050952A1 (en) 2000-08-31

Family

ID=10848293

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2000/000626 Ceased WO2000050952A1 (en) 1999-02-23 2000-02-22 Optical modulator

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6529646B1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1071978A1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP4500452B2 (enExample)
GB (1) GB2347230B (enExample)
WO (1) WO2000050952A1 (enExample)

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US8737773B2 (en) 2011-03-08 2014-05-27 Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. Optical control element

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FR2882161B1 (fr) * 2005-02-11 2007-05-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Modulateur a guide d'onde et procede de modulation associe
FR2889887B1 (fr) * 2005-08-16 2007-11-09 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de report d'une couche mince sur un support
FR2891281B1 (fr) * 2005-09-28 2007-12-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication d'un element en couches minces.
FR2910179B1 (fr) * 2006-12-19 2009-03-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DE COUCHES MINCES DE GaN PAR IMPLANTATION ET RECYCLAGE D'UN SUBSTRAT DE DEPART
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FR2922359B1 (fr) * 2007-10-12 2009-12-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication d'une structure micro-electronique impliquant un collage moleculaire
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US8238017B2 (en) * 2009-12-18 2012-08-07 Alcatel Lucent Photonic match filter
KR101845514B1 (ko) * 2010-12-17 2018-04-04 삼성전자주식회사 소형 광 변조기 및 이를 포함하는 광 송신기
JP2014170026A (ja) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-18 Nec Corp 光モジュール及び光モジュールの駆動方法
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CN110320596A (zh) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-11 华为技术有限公司 光波导器件及其制备方法
US10962811B2 (en) * 2018-12-06 2021-03-30 Sifotonics Technologies Co., Ltd. Monolithic electro-optical modulator with comb-shaped transmission line
CN114019742B (zh) * 2021-10-09 2023-08-25 华中科技大学 一种基于马赫曾德尔调制器的调制方法

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8737773B2 (en) 2011-03-08 2014-05-27 Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. Optical control element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2347230B (en) 2003-04-16
JP4500452B2 (ja) 2010-07-14
JP2002538494A (ja) 2002-11-12
US6529646B1 (en) 2003-03-04
GB9904077D0 (en) 1999-04-14
EP1071978A1 (en) 2001-01-31
GB2347230A (en) 2000-08-30

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