Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F7/00—Ventilation
  • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
  • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F7/00—Ventilation
  • F24F2007/001—Ventilation with exhausting air ducts

Definitions

• the invention relates to a mechanical smoke and heat exhaust system for smoke extraction from structural systems, such as buildings, tunnels and. a. in order to allow people to escape from areas exposed to smoke and heat and / or harmful gases or aerosols, as well as the rescue personnel to have access to them or the fire brigade to carry out a targeted fire-fighting attack. Furthermore, damage to the structures, including things inside, should be minimized.
• Conventional mechanical smoke and heat extraction systems essentially consist of a suction pressure generator, for example a smoke extraction fan, an energy supply for this and a smoke control system.
• the smoke extract fans are installed at prescribed locations, usually in the roof or wall area of the building. According to the above-mentioned DIN, such systems must be set up so that they reliably discharge smoke and heat from the building over a period of approximately 20 minutes until the fire brigade arrives. If the fire brigade is approaching for a longer time, it is only sensible to set it up in conjunction with automatic extinguishing systems. The reason for this is that the performance of fans is limited. That is why smoke and heat extraction systems are only effective in the event of a fire. This performance restriction also has the consequence that the smoke section surfaces acc. the above mentioned DIN are limited to 1600 m 2 .
• the fire brigade uses ventilation devices to remove smoke and harmful gases from rooms. This is done both by blowing in fresh air and by extracting the flue and harmful gases.
• Mobile smoke extraction systems of this type are described, for example, in the prospectus of Haie Products Europe GmbH. Practical experience has shown that conventional mechanical smoke and heat extraction systems fail in large construction systems.
• the fire brigade's mobile ventilation devices are also very limited in their performance. About this restricted
• performance and usability have stationary mechanical smoke and heat exhaust systems another major disadvantage. Its main component, the suction pressure generator with its electric drive, is directly exposed to smoke and heat.
• the system should consist of robust, against temperature, smoke and other pollutants, e.g. B. there are abrasive particles, insensitive components. In addition, it should offer an order of magnitude higher suction volume per unit of time, so that it can also be used reliably in larger structural systems and beyond the fire development phase.
• the sub-claims 2 to 6 show different installation and application options of the suction pressure generator and the gas or steam supplier.
• the known variant of the fixed installation of the smoke and heat exhaust system on the building system is still a solution that is often still practicable.
• the suction side of the gas or steam jet vacuum pump is connected to the duct system provided for smoke extraction from the building system.
• the performance of the smoke and heat extraction system according to the invention also allows the suction side of the gas or steam jet vacuum pump to open directly into the room to be extracted. This is particularly important for large halls or atriums.
• the sub-claims 7 to 10 show examples of the application of different gas or steam suppliers.
• the use of jet engines will be preferred because of their availability, relatively simple assembly and their uncomplicated mobile use.
• gas or steam suppliers already present in the vicinity of the structures, such as, for. B. to use a compressed air system or a steam generator.
• the latter will be advantageous if there is a combined heat and power plant or a steam-powered electrical energy generator in the vicinity of the building to be smoked.
• a gas supplier a liquid gas system can also be installed or mobile be used.
• Another decisive advantage of the system according to the invention is that the parts of the system which are exposed to smoke and temperature in the event of a fire have no moving parts. Above all, this includes the gas or steam jet vacuum pump.
• the gas or steam jet vacuum pump is not additionally burdened by hot combustion gases, since it is designed to withstand the hot exhaust gases of a jet engine.
• a permanently installed smoke and heat exhaust system also works independently of electrical supply facilities.
• the gas or steam supplier is put into operation by a fire alarm sensor and then works autonomously. This ensures the safety that smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems must have in order to be able to be used effectively beyond the fire development phase up to a full fire.
• exposed areas such as atriums, underground garages, rail and road traffic tunnels, handling halls, shopping parks and the like. The like. A significant increase in security and thus increased chances of escape and rescue in the event of a fire.
• the mobile use of one or both of its components is of particular importance. That has the advantage, that in the construction itself no or only little expenditure, for. B. only the duct system for smoke and heat dissipation are required. If, as placed under protection in claim 10, a gas or.
• the steam supplier is located in the immediate vicinity of the building, only the gas or steam jet vacuum pump is required. No further explanation is required that in this case the connection between the gas or steam jet vacuum pump and the gas or
• the mobile use of smoke and heat extraction systems has two further major advantages: Avoid storing combustible substances that are required to operate the gas supplier, for example a jet engine, in the immediate vicinity of the building.
• the structures that do not have mechanical smoke extraction can now be smoke-free in a short time. This also applies here to the staiffy systems for what has been said: the mobile systems have a suction volume that is orders of magnitude higher than that of the fire brigade's mobile ventilation systems.
• An additional advantage of the new smoke and heat extraction system that should not be underestimated is the reduction in the environmental impact of toxic fire gases.
• the exhaust gas of the engine which is essentially known in its composition, usually contains significantly less toxic substances than a combustion gas. This advantage is even more favorable when using inert gases or steam as a blowing agent. Due to the high flow velocities, the toxic combustion gases are swirled and released into the environment when diluted.
• Fig. 1 is a three-story building
• Fig. 1 The building shown symbolically in Fig. 1 is surrounded by a structural shell 1 and consists of three floors 2. Each floor has controllable supply air openings 3, such as. B. windows, doors, ventilation flaps u. On each floor 2, fire detectors 4 and a duct system 5 are installed on the ceiling, which opens into an ascending smoke exhaust duct 6. This is led out of the building in the roof area and connected there to the suction side of a gas jet vacuum pump 7.
• the drive side of the gas jet vacuum pump 7 is connected to the exhaust system of a gas jet engine 8, which is supplied with fuel from a tank, not shown in the drawing.
• the gas jet engine 8 is started up via a control line 9, via which the gas jet engine 8 is connected to a control device 10.
• the control device 10 receives the signal required for this from the fire detectors 4 via their signal line 11.
• FIG. 2 an atrium is symbolically shown, which has surrounding galleries 12 and a dome 13.
• the smoke exhaust duct 6 is led directly out of the dome 13. All other designations were used as in Fig. 1.
• the flue gases will collect immediately below the dome 13. Due to the enormous suction volume of the system according to the invention, the other areas, in particular the galleries 12, can be kept smoke-free.
• the mode of operation of the stationary smoke and heat exhaust system is as follows. B. as a smoke or temperature monitor functioning fire detector 4 via its signal line 11, a signal to the control device 10, which in turn sets the gas jet engine 8 into operation via the control line 9 and opens the supply air openings 3 via electrical connections (not shown).
• the exhaust gas of the gas jet engine 8 flowing into the gas jet vacuum pump 7 generates in the smoke exhaust duct 6 and in the case of the building acc. Fig. 1 also in the duct system 5, a negative pressure, so that the smoke created by the fire is drawn off into the open.
• the smoke mixes with the exhaust gas and is blown out at high speed. This creates turbulence in the marginal zones, which causes the exhaust gas-smoke mixture to dilute considerably.
• the fire or fire report is received by the fire department, which then also carries the inventive mobile technology for smoke extraction in addition to the extinguishing technology.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Ventilation (AREA)
• Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
• Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=7896361

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (2)

Citations (3)

• 1999
  • 1999-02-04 DE DE19904428A patent/DE19904428C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2000
  • 2000-01-25 WO PCT/DE2000/000198 patent/WO2000046553A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2000-01-25 JP JP2000597591A patent/JP2002536093A/ja active Pending
  • 2000-01-25 CA CA002327340A patent/CA2327340A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-01-26 EP EP00101485A patent/EP1026451B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-01-26 AT AT00101485T patent/ATE240494T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-01-26 DE DE50002131T patent/DE50002131D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-10-03 NO NO20004977A patent/NO312526B1/no unknown

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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