WO2000040073A1 - Vegetationselement zur begrünung künstlicher oder natürlicher flächen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents
Vegetationselement zur begrünung künstlicher oder natürlicher flächen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000040073A1 WO2000040073A1 PCT/DE1999/003619 DE9903619W WO0040073A1 WO 2000040073 A1 WO2000040073 A1 WO 2000040073A1 DE 9903619 W DE9903619 W DE 9903619W WO 0040073 A1 WO0040073 A1 WO 0040073A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- substrate
- vegetation element
- carrier
- vegetation
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
- E04D11/002—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings consisting of two or more layers, at least one of the layers permitting turfing of the roof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems
Definitions
- Vegetation element for greening artificial or natural surfaces and process for its production
- the invention relates to a vegetation element for greening artificial or natural areas with dicotyledonous plants according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production.
- a mat-shaped element which can consist of coconut fibers, mineral wool fibers, synthetic fibers or mats of these mixtures, is either pre-cultivated and landscaped before being applied to the area to be landscaped or only after being applied to the area to be landscaped Provide seeds, sprouts, spores or other germinable plant material in dicotyledonous plants. It is also known to use mats in which substrate and plant seeds and plant sprouts are introduced, or in which NEN the rungs are quilted on the mat, it being provided that the mats are left to the application of the area to be landscaped, so to speak.
- the object of the invention is therefore to create a vegetation element of the type described at the outset which is inexpensive, requires as little manual processing as possible and which should be machinable.
- the carrier is a net, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a fiber mixture which can be placed on a naturally grown or artificially produced mineral soil, the soil being prepared aseptically, and that the soil improvement substrate is included Pressure or by mixing is incorporated into an upper layer of the soil, the pH of the substrate may differ from the pH of the soil and be adapted to the physiological needs of the dicotyledonous plants, so that a mixture layer of soil and substrate arises, which has a dividing line to the unmixed soil arranged underneath, and that the germinating plant material of the dicotyledonous plants is introduced into the mixture layer, the roots of which are anchored in the mixture layer and on the support, and that the vegetation element can be peeled by machine.
- the task is solved in a surprisingly simple way by creating a vegetation element that uses known vegetation elements for greening areas with monocotyledonous plants, i.e. Ready-made lawn or turf, is advantageously adapted and expanded to the morphological conditions of dicotyledonous plants.
- the term “dicotyledonous plants” in the following not only means real dicotyledons, but also spore plants such as ferns, mosses and club mosses and lichens. From a biological point of view, these are not dicotyledonous plants, but they stand out from a technical point of view, just like the ledons, characterized in that they do not form a dense root felt.
- the inventor has recognized that it is possible to use the technique used in the production of ready-made lawns in the field of artificial greening with dicotyledonous plants, in particular weakly rooted succulents (Sedum species), herbs, mosses, ferns, lichens and the like transferred what was previously considered impossible.
- dicotyledonous plants in particular weakly rooted succulents (Sedum species), herbs, mosses, ferns, lichens and the like transferred what was previously considered impossible.
- the mineral soil (topsoil) on which the vegetation element is cultivated must be germ-free. Otherwise, undesirable plant species located in the ground would grow into the vegetation carrier from bottom to top and thus destroy the corresponding cultivation of the vegetation element.
- sterility is not just a soil disinfection, since only animal pests, in particular nematodes, and microorganisms are killed. It is particularly important to completely kill weed seeds, germs and unwanted parts of the plant, such as parts of the grasshopper (Agropyron repens).
- the finished vegetation element can also have less than 100% dicotyledonous plants after the completion of the cultivation measures.
- the germ-free condition of the soil is of great importance, as grasses that grow into the vegetation carrier dicotyledonous plants would contest the root area, as well as the water and nutrient balance, which could nullify the cultivation measures.
- This dividing line is required in order to be able to mechanically peel the vegetation element and to maintain the root depth so that as few roots are cut as possible during harvest.
- the carrier which in the invention serves as the anchor point for the roots of the dicotyledonous plants, is very decisive for the technical implementation of the "turf" according to the invention from dicotyledonous plants.
- supports designed, for example, as a PP net or fleece is known per se from the prior art, but the supports there serve exclusively to reinforce the vegetation elements when laid on inclined surfaces, where the supports are used to absorb the tensile forces that arise.
- the mechanical peelability of such a vegetation element drastically reduces the costs for producing such a vegetation element. Because the previously required manual cutting and rolling up was very labor intensive and therefore associated with high costs. So far, the vegetation carriers have been cultivated on a separating film which separates the vegetation mat forming the vegetation carrier from the soil so that the plants cannot root into the soil. However, the foils can cause waterlogging, which can damage or destroy the vegetation. So far, attempts have been made to avoid this by having appropriate vegetation carriers with a maximum length of 15 m on one - if necessary, artificially created - slopes were cultivated.
- the vegetation support according to the invention Because the soil in front represents a natural drainage through which waterlogging can be avoided. In addition, the cultivation can now be carried out in any area and without any slope.
- moss, ferns, lichens and / or monocotyledons are added to the dicotyledonous plants.
- the mixture layer has a thickness of 1 cm to 3 cm, that the carrier is also a mesh or that the carrier is a woven fabric or a fiber mixture. It can be provided that the carrier consists of rotten material or plastic.
- the substrate is a mixture according to DE 40 04 284 Cl, a mixture according to EP 0 383 109 B1, or that the substrate is a substrate mixture available under the trade name Bio-Stucco. It can be provided in further practical embodiments of the invention that the grain size fractions of the substrate are in the range from 0.006 to 35 mm. In any case, it should be achieved that the final substrate resulting from the mixing of the soil with the substrate substrates according to the Guidelines for the planning, execution and maintenance of green roofs of the FLL, 1995 edition, point 9 "Vegetation support layer", corresponds or at least comes close.
- the floor is a brown earth floor.
- a method according to the invention for producing the vegetation element according to claim 1 is characterized by the following method steps:
- the existing soil is compacted
- the soil is prepared aseptically
- the carrier is placed on the ground
- the substrate is poured onto the carrier
- the substrate is at least partially pressed under pressure by the carrier Soil worked in and compacted
- the germinable plant material of the dicotyledonous plants is sown
- the vegetation element is cared for by the garden
- h) the vegetation element is peeled by machine.
- Method step b is of particular importance. If the soil in question were still contaminated with germs (diaspores), in particular with seeds of monocotyledonous and / or undesirable dicotyledonous plants, this would grow upwards and would undermine the efforts to create the vegetation element for dicotyledonous plants. Therefore, what must be recognized by the inventor the soil must first be made sterile. According to a practical embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the soil is made germ-free with an agent known under the trade name Basamid. Basamid is a Dazomet in granular form.
- the substrate is worked into the soil and compacted 1 to 2 cm deep. This depth has proven itself, since penetration of the substrate into the soil of only about 1 cm, with subsequent compaction, on the one hand ensures that a more or less sharp dividing line is formed between the mixture layer and the underlying soil, and that the substrate is not so can penetrate deeply, that the pH of the soil in question could be adversely affected in any way.
- An alternative method for producing a vegetation carrier is characterized by the following process steps: a) the soil in question is compacted, b) the soil is prepared aseptically, c) substrate is poured onto the soil, d) the substrate is worked into the soil and compacted , e) the carrier is placed on the ground, f) the germinable plant material of the dicotyledonous plants is sown or sprinkled, g) the vegetation element is cared for by the horticulturalist, h) the vegetation element is peeled by machine.
- the carrier is mechanically incorporated into the layer underneath and / or that the carrier is fixed by scattering a layer of substrate.
- the section of a vegetation element 10 according to the invention is shown in cross section.
- the vegetation element 10 has a support 14 in the form of a PP network 28, which has been placed on a soil 12 which has grown up.
- the soil 12 can be a loamy, a loamy, a sandy, a sandy, a silty or another soil which is adapted to the physiological requirements of the dicotyledonous plants 18 to be introduced by incorporating soil improvement substrate 16.
- Basamid an agent known under the name Basamid.
- soil improvement substrate 16 is poured onto the carrier 14, compacted and worked into the upper layer 24 of the base 12.
- the PP network 28 is pressed into the upper layer 24 of the bottom 12.
- a mixture layer 20 is formed from the soil material present and from the soil improvement substrate 16.
- a more or less sharp dividing line 22 is formed, along which the finished vegetation element 10 can later be peeled by machine and thus harvested.
- a dicotyledonous plant 18 is shown, which has arisen from germinable plant material introduced into the mixture layer 24.
- the roots of the plant 18 anchor themselves through the mesh of the PP net 28 and through the substrate 16.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK99963232T DK1139717T3 (da) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Vegetationselement til beplantning af kunstige eller naturlige flader og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af samme |
EP99963232A EP1139717B1 (de) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Vegetationselement zur begrünung künstlicher oder natürlicher flächen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
JP2000591851A JP2002534065A (ja) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | 人工または天然の表面を緑化するための植生体および植生体を作製する方法 |
US09/869,571 US6601340B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Vegetation element for greening artificial or natural surfaces and method for producing same |
PL350278A PL196868B1 (pl) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Element wegetacyjny do zazieleniania sztucznych i naturalnych powierzchni i sposób wytwarzania elementu wegetacyjnego |
CA002353990A CA2353990C (en) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Vegetation element for greening artificial or natural surfaces and method for producing same |
AU22522/00A AU755634B2 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Vegetation element for greening artificial or natural surfaces and method for producing same |
SK936-2001A SK9362001A3 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Vegetation element for greening artificial or natural surfaces and method for producing same |
HU0104935A HU226599B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Vegetation element for greening artificial or natural surfaces and method for producing same |
AT99963232T ATE238651T1 (de) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Vegetationselement zur begrünung künstlicher oder natürlicher flächen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE59905362T DE59905362D1 (de) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Vegetationselement zur begrünung künstlicher oder natürlicher flächen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19860914A DE19860914C2 (de) | 1998-12-31 | 1998-12-31 | Vegetationselement zur Begrünung künstlicher oder natürlicher Flächen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE19860914.0 | 1998-12-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000040073A1 true WO2000040073A1 (de) | 2000-07-13 |
Family
ID=7893232
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1999/003619 WO2000040073A1 (de) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-11-13 | Vegetationselement zur begrünung künstlicher oder natürlicher flächen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6601340B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1139717B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002534065A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE238651T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU755634B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2353990C (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ20012354A3 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19860914C2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1139717T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2198979T3 (de) |
HU (1) | HU226599B1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL196868B1 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1139717E (de) |
RU (1) | RU2234207C2 (de) |
SK (1) | SK9362001A3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000040073A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1898019A2 (de) | 2006-09-09 | 2008-03-12 | FlorDepot International GmbH | Vegetationssystem und Vegetationselemente zur Begrünung |
Families Citing this family (15)
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DE10301381A1 (de) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-08-05 | Hans Kretzschmar | Kunststoffverstärkte Rollrasenmatte |
WO2004071193A2 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-08-26 | Koch Cellulose, Llc | Seedbed for growing vegetation |
US20050229535A1 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-10-20 | Greg Garner | Green roofing apparatus, system and method |
US20070283653A1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-13 | Gregory Garner | Green roofing system including dimpled anchor layer |
US20080102761A1 (en) | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-01 | Stratex Networks, Inc. | System and method for compensation of phase hits |
DE102010007552B4 (de) | 2010-02-11 | 2014-07-10 | Xf Technologies B.V. | Vegetationselement zur Begrünung von künstlichen nicht erdgebundenen Flächen mit niederen und/oder höheren Pflanzen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Vegetationselements |
US9440411B2 (en) * | 2010-02-17 | 2016-09-13 | Archiphyte, Llc | Living roof and wall systems using cultivated mineral wool mats to support BLAVEs, methods of cultivation and innoculants therefor |
FR2960383A1 (fr) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-02 | Edmond Pierre Picard | Substrat destine a servir de support de culture et application a la realisation notamment de surfaces sportives |
CN103650837A (zh) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-03-26 | 北京东方利禾景观设计有限公司 | 一种沙培冷季型层状草坪 |
JP6892420B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-03 | 2021-06-23 | 日本工営株式会社 | 土壌侵食防止用土壌散布材および土壌侵食防止用土壌散布材収容物セット |
JP6396839B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-03 | 2018-09-26 | 日本工営株式会社 | 土壌散布材製造方法および土壌侵食防止工法 |
RU2759933C1 (ru) * | 2018-08-21 | 2021-11-18 | Хайдрофилдс Бв | Опорная структура для гибридного газона, содержащая слой каменной ваты, способ установки такой структуры и биоразлагаемый ящик, содержащий такую структуру |
RU2734589C1 (ru) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-10-20 | Илья Валерьевич Мочалов | Способ озеленения крыш |
RU199794U1 (ru) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-09-21 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "НПО Экотэк" | Биомат для рекультивации полигонов твердых бытовых отходов |
CN115336447A (zh) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-11-15 | 上海辰山植物园 | 一种促进牡丹细根发育的土壤改良方法 |
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US2605589A (en) * | 1950-11-14 | 1952-08-05 | Alfred E E Kuestner | Sod unit |
DE1126663B (de) * | 1959-11-23 | 1962-03-29 | Peter Obholzer Jun | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Rasenfelles |
DE2358931A1 (de) | 1972-12-01 | 1974-06-06 | Francois Lavergnat | Verfahren zur herstellung eines rasenfells zum auflegen auf eine mit rasen zu bedeckende flaeche und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes rasenfell |
US4941282A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1990-07-17 | Gene Milstein | Wildflower sod mat and method of propagation |
DE4004284C1 (en) | 1990-02-13 | 1991-08-01 | Wolfgang 2833 Gross Ippener De Behrens | Biomass for making roofs and artificial surfaces green - comprises dry pourable mixt. of adhesive powder as binder and seeds, plant parts and/or mosses and fertiliser |
DE3631716C2 (de) | 1986-09-18 | 1993-10-07 | Behrens Wolfgang | Trägerkonstruktion für eine Vegetation und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Trägerkonstruktion |
EP0383109B1 (de) | 1989-02-16 | 1994-02-16 | Wolfgang Behrens | Verwendung von Rindenmulch zur Verminderung des Nitratgehalts im Grund- und Trinkwasser oder Oberflächenwasser |
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-
1998
- 1998-12-31 DE DE19860914A patent/DE19860914C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-11-13 DK DK99963232T patent/DK1139717T3/da active
- 1999-11-13 DE DE59905362T patent/DE59905362D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-13 EP EP99963232A patent/EP1139717B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-13 CA CA002353990A patent/CA2353990C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-13 PT PT99963232T patent/PT1139717E/pt unknown
- 1999-11-13 WO PCT/DE1999/003619 patent/WO2000040073A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1999-11-13 ES ES99963232T patent/ES2198979T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-13 PL PL350278A patent/PL196868B1/pl unknown
- 1999-11-13 US US09/869,571 patent/US6601340B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-13 SK SK936-2001A patent/SK9362001A3/sk unknown
- 1999-11-13 CZ CZ20012354A patent/CZ20012354A3/cs unknown
- 1999-11-13 AT AT99963232T patent/ATE238651T1/de active
- 1999-11-13 JP JP2000591851A patent/JP2002534065A/ja active Pending
- 1999-11-13 RU RU2001120378/12A patent/RU2234207C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-13 AU AU22522/00A patent/AU755634B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-11-13 HU HU0104935A patent/HU226599B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2605589A (en) * | 1950-11-14 | 1952-08-05 | Alfred E E Kuestner | Sod unit |
DE1126663B (de) * | 1959-11-23 | 1962-03-29 | Peter Obholzer Jun | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Rasenfelles |
DE2358931A1 (de) | 1972-12-01 | 1974-06-06 | Francois Lavergnat | Verfahren zur herstellung eines rasenfells zum auflegen auf eine mit rasen zu bedeckende flaeche und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes rasenfell |
DE3631716C2 (de) | 1986-09-18 | 1993-10-07 | Behrens Wolfgang | Trägerkonstruktion für eine Vegetation und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Trägerkonstruktion |
US4941282A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1990-07-17 | Gene Milstein | Wildflower sod mat and method of propagation |
EP0383109B1 (de) | 1989-02-16 | 1994-02-16 | Wolfgang Behrens | Verwendung von Rindenmulch zur Verminderung des Nitratgehalts im Grund- und Trinkwasser oder Oberflächenwasser |
DE4004284C1 (en) | 1990-02-13 | 1991-08-01 | Wolfgang 2833 Gross Ippener De Behrens | Biomass for making roofs and artificial surfaces green - comprises dry pourable mixt. of adhesive powder as binder and seeds, plant parts and/or mosses and fertiliser |
DE4219275C2 (de) | 1992-06-12 | 1994-06-23 | Wolfgang Behrens | Mehrschichtiges Vegetationselement |
DE4230312A1 (de) | 1992-09-10 | 1994-03-17 | Friedhelm Ebert | Vegetationsmatte |
EP0706753A1 (de) | 1994-10-13 | 1996-04-17 | Wolfgang Behrens | Hygroskopische Steinwollmatte |
DE19523406C1 (de) | 1995-06-28 | 1996-12-05 | Wolfgang Behrens | Aus mehreren Schichten bestehendes Vegetationselement |
DE29712457U1 (de) | 1997-07-15 | 1997-09-25 | Bruegge Heinrich | Rollrasen |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1898019A2 (de) | 2006-09-09 | 2008-03-12 | FlorDepot International GmbH | Vegetationssystem und Vegetationselemente zur Begrünung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT1139717E (pt) | 2003-09-30 |
SK9362001A3 (en) | 2001-12-03 |
PL350278A1 (en) | 2002-12-02 |
ATE238651T1 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
HU226599B1 (en) | 2009-04-28 |
CZ20012354A3 (cs) | 2002-01-16 |
DE19860914C2 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
EP1139717B1 (de) | 2003-05-02 |
PL196868B1 (pl) | 2008-02-29 |
DE19860914A1 (de) | 2000-07-13 |
AU755634B2 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
HUP0104935A3 (en) | 2006-04-28 |
US6601340B1 (en) | 2003-08-05 |
EP1139717A1 (de) | 2001-10-10 |
CA2353990C (en) | 2005-01-25 |
CA2353990A1 (en) | 2000-07-13 |
AU2252200A (en) | 2000-07-24 |
JP2002534065A (ja) | 2002-10-15 |
RU2234207C2 (ru) | 2004-08-20 |
ES2198979T3 (es) | 2004-02-01 |
DE59905362D1 (de) | 2003-06-05 |
DK1139717T3 (da) | 2003-08-25 |
HUP0104935A2 (hu) | 2002-04-29 |
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