Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of certain compounds for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• the airflow obstruction associated with COPD is progressive, may be accompanied by airway hyperreactivity, and may be partially reversible.
• Non-specific airway hyper-responsiveness may also play a role in the development of COPD and may be predictive of an accelerated rate of decline in lung function in smokers.
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• COPD takes years to develop and smokers often deny any ill effects from smoking, attributing the early warning signs of increased breathlessness as a sign of age.
• acute episodes of bronchitis often are not recognized by the general practitioner as early signs of COPD.
• Many patients exhibit features of more than one disease (e.g. chronic bronchitis or asthmatic bronchitis) making precise diagnosis a challenge, particularly in early disease.
• many patients do not seek medical help until they are experiencing more severe symptoms associated with reduced lung function, such as dyspnea, persistent cough, and sputum production. As a consequence, the vast majority of patients are not diagnosed or treated until they are in a more advanced stage of disease.
• This invention covers a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of COPD in a mammal by administering to a mammal in need thereor an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) alone or in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient wherein Formula (I) comprises:
• R! is -(CR4R5)nC(0)0(CR4R5)m 6, -(CR4R5)nC(0)NR4(CR4R5)mR ⁇ , - (CR4R5) n O(CR4R5) m R6, or -(CR4R5) r R6 wherein the alkyl moieties may be optionally substituted with one or more halogens; m is 0 to 2; n is 1 to 4; r is 0 to 6;
• R4 and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen or a C ⁇ _2 alkyl
• R6 is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxyl, aryl, halo substituted aryl, aryloxyCi-3 alkyl, halo substituted aryloxyCi-3 alkyl, indanyl, indenyl, C7.11 polycycloalkyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, furanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, thienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, thiopyranyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or a C4-6 cycloalkyl containing one or two unsaturated bonds, wherein the cycloalkyl and heterocyclic moieties may be optionally substituted by OH, 1 to 3 methyl groups or one ethyl group; provided that: a) when R ⁇ is hydroxyl, then m is 2; or b) when R is hydroxyl, then r is 2 to 6; or c) when R6
• X is YR2, halogen, nitro, NR4R5, or formyl amine; Y is O or S(0) m '; m' is 0, l, or 2;
• X2 is O or NR8;
• X3 is hydrogen or X;
• X 5 is H, R9, OR 8 , CN, C(0)R 8 , C(0)OR 8 , C(0)NR 8 R8, or NR 8 R8,
• R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of -CH3 and - CH2CH3 optionally substituted by 1 or more halogens; s is 0 to 4;
• Z' is O, NR9, NOR8, NCN, C(-CN)2, CR ⁇ CN, CR8NO2, CRsC(0)OR8, CR8C(0)NR8R8, C(-CN)N ⁇ 2, C(-CN)C(0)OR9, or C(-CN)C(0)NRsR8 ;
• Z is CQOR14, C(0)ORi4, C(y)NR ⁇ oRl4, C(NR ⁇ o)NR ⁇ 0 Rl4, CN, C(NORs)Rl4, C(0)NRsNR8C(0)R8, C(0)NR8NR ⁇ )Rl4, C(NORi4)R8, C(NR8)NR ⁇ oRl4, C(NRi4)NRsR8, C(NCN)NR ⁇ oRl4, C(NCN)SR9, (2-, 4- or 5-imidazolyl), (3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl), (4- or 5-triazolyl[ 1,2,3]), (3- or 5-triazolyl[ 1,2,4]), (5-tetr.azolyl), (2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl), (3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl), (3- or 5-oxadiazolyl[ 1,2,4]), (2-oxadiazolyl[ 1,3,4]), (2-thiadiazolyl[ 1,3,4]), (2-, 4-, or 5-thiazolyl), (2
• R7 is -(CR4R5)qRi2 or C ⁇ _6 alkyl wherein the R12 or C ⁇ . alkyl group is optionally substituted one or more times by C ⁇ _2 alkyl optionally substituted by one to three fluorines, -F, -Br, -Cl, -N0 2 , -NRIQRH, -C(0)R8, -C(0)ORs, -ORs, -CN, -C(0)NR ⁇ oRl l, -OC(O)NR ⁇ oRl l, -OC(0)R 8 , -NR ⁇ 0 C(O)NRi 0 Rl l, -NRioC(0)Rn, -NRi 0 C(O)OR9, -NR ⁇ 0 C(O)Ri3, -C(NRio)NR ⁇ oRl l, -C(NCN)NRioRn, -C(NCN)SR9, -NRi()C(NCN)SR9
• Rl2 is C3-7 cycloalkyl, (2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl), pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, (1- or 2- imidazolyl), thiazolyl, triazolyl, pyrrolyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, mo holinyl, furanyl, (2- or 3-thienyl), (4- or 5-thiazolyl), quinolinyl, naphthyl, or phenyl; R is independently selected from hydrogen or R9;
• R ' is R8 or fluorine
• R9 is C ⁇ _4 .alkyl optionally substituted by one to three fluorines
• RlO is OR ⁇ or R ⁇ ; Ri is hydrogen, or C 1.4 alkyl optionally substituted by one to three fluorines; or when Rio and Ri 1 are as NRioRl 1 they may together with the nitrogen form a 5 to 7 membered ring optionally containing at least one additional heteroatom selected from O, N, or S;
• Rl3 is oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, or thiadiazolyl, and each of these heterocyclic rings is connected through a carbon atom and each may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or two C ⁇ _2 alkyl groups;
• Rl4 is hydrogen or R7; or when Rio and R 14 are as NR10R14 they may together with the nitrogen form a 5 to 7 membered ring optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; provided that: f) when R12 is N-pyrazolyl, N-imidazolyl, N-triazolyl, N-pyrrolyl, N- piperazinyl, N-piperidinyl, or N-morpholinyl, then q is not 1 ; or g) when X2R1 is OCF2H or OCF3, X is OCF2H or OCF3, X3 is H, s is zero, X5 is H, Z is C(0)ORi4 and R14 is Ci-7 unsubstituted alkyl, then R3 is other than H; or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• this invention relates to the use of a compound of Formula (II) for treating COPD in a mammal, particularly a human
• Rl is -(CR4R5)nC(0)0(CR4R5)mR6, -(CR4R5)nC(0)NR (CR4R5)m 6, -(CR4R5) n O(CR4R5) m R6, or -(CR4R5) r R6 wherein the alkyl moieties unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens; m is 0 to 2; n is 0 to 4; r is 0 to 6;
• R4 and R5 are independently selected hydrogen or C ⁇ _2 alkyl
• R6 is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxyl, aryl, halo substituted aryl, aryloxyCi-3 alkyl, halo substituted aryloxyCi-3 alkyl, indanyl, indenyl, C7-11 polycycloalkyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, furanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, thienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, thiopyranyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or a C4-6 cycloalkyl containing one or two unsaturated bonds, wherein the cycloalkyl or heterocyclic moiety is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 methyl groups, one ethyl group, or an hydroxyl group; provided that: a) when R6 is hydroxyl, then m is 2; or b) when R6 is hydroxyl, then r is 2 to 6
• X is YR2, fluorine, NR4R5, or formyl amine
• R2 is independently selected from -CH3 or -CH2CH3 optionally substituted by 1 or more halogens; s is 0 to 4;
• W is alkyl of 2 to 6 carbons, alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms or alkynyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms;
• R3 is COOR14, C(0)NR4Ri4 or R7;
• Z is OR14, OR15, SR14, S(O) m » R7, S(0) NR ⁇ oRl4, NR10R14, NR ⁇ 4 C(0)R 9 , NRi 0 C(Y-)Rl4, NR ⁇ 0 C(O)OR 7 , NRi 0 C(Y')NR ⁇ oRl4, NR ⁇ oS(0) 2 NR ⁇ oRl4, NR ⁇ 0 C(NCN)NR ⁇ 0 Rl4, NRioS(0) 2 R7, NR ⁇ oC(CR4N ⁇ 2)NR ⁇ oRl4, NR ⁇ oC(NCN)SR9, NR ⁇ oC(CR4N ⁇ 2)SR9,
• Y' is O or S;
• R7 is -(CR4R5)qRi2 or C g alkyl wherein the R12 or C ⁇ _6 alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by methyl or ethyl unsubstituted or substituted by 1-3 fluorines, -F, -Br, -Cl, -NO2, -NRIQRI 1, -C(0)R8, -CO2R8, -0(CH 2 )2-4 ⁇ R8, -0(CH 2 ) q R8, -CN, -C(O)NR ⁇ 0 Rl l, -0(CH 2 ) q C(0)NR ⁇ oRl l, - 0(CH 2 ) q C(0)R9, -NR
• R8 is independently selected from hydrogen or R9;
• R9 is C _4 alkyl optionally substituted by one to three fluorines;
• RlO is OR ⁇ or R ⁇
• Rl 1 is hydrogen, or C 1.4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one to three fluorines; or when Rio and Ri 1 are as NRio l 1 they may together with the nitrogen form a 5 to 7 membered ring comprised of carbon or carbon and one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S;
• Rl3 is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl, and where R J3 is substituted on R ⁇ 2 or Rj 3 the rings are connected through a carbon atom and each second R ⁇ 3 ring may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or two Cj_2 alkyl groups unsubstituted or substituted on the methyl with 1 to 3 fluoro atoms;
• Rl4 is hydrogen or R7; or when Rs and R 14 are as NR8R14 they may together with the nitrogen form a 5 to 7 membered ring comprised of carbon or carbon and one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S;
• R15 is C(0)Ri4, C(0)NR 8 Ri 4 , S(0) q NR 8 R 14 or S(0) q R 7 where q is 0, 1 or 2; provided that:
• R7 is not C _4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one to three fluorines; or the ph.armaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• this invention relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable composition for treating COPD comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and between about 1 and 60mg of a compound of Formula (I) or (II) at least once daily.
• This invention relates to the use of compounds of Formulas (I) or (II) and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formulas (I) or (II) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, for treating COPD in a mammal, particularly a human, suffering from COPD.
• the drug may have use in the prophylaxis of the phenomena associated with COPD before clinical manifestation of the disease in a mammal, particularly a human.
• COPD is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process in the lung marked by in increase in the activation and/or number of alveolar macrophages, CD8+ T-cells and neutrophils.
• neutrophil Most notably with respect to the therapy of COPD is the ability to alter the trafficking and activation of neutrophils.
• the neutrophil is believed to play a central role in the pathophysiology of COPD.
• Neutrophil activation results in the release of a number of inflammatory mediators and proteinases, most importantly neutrophil elastase which contributes to the progressive f ⁇ brosis, airway stenosis and destruction of the lung parenchyma, leading to an accelerated decline in airway function.
• Neutrophil elastase is also a powerful mucus secretagogue and thus may contribute to the characteristic mucus hypersecretion that characterizes COPD.
• the compounds of this invention have marked effects on neutrophil activity, inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis and degranulation in vitro.
• the instant compounds reduce neutrophil extravasation from the circulation, pulmonary sequestration and the edematous responses to a number inflammatory insults in vivo.
• Additional activities that may contribute to the therapeutic activity of PDE4 inhibitors in COPD include bronchodilation and modulation of pulmonary neuronal activity.
• inhaled muscarinc antagonists to produce clinically meaningful improvements in pulmonary function in COPD, at least acutely, suggest that a large component of the reversible airways obstruction in this disease is associated with a dysregulation of pulmonary nerves.
• PDE4 inhibitors may also modulate the activity of airway epithelial cells, a rich source of proinflammatory mediators that are released upon environmental insult (e.g., smoke), and inhibit vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia, a structural change in end stage COPD that is associated with right heart failure.
• the preferred compounds for use in this invention are defined as follows:
• the halogens are preferably fluorine and chlorine, more preferably a C -4 alkyl substituted by 1 or more fluorines.
• the preferred halo-substituted alkyl chain length is one or two carbons, and most preferred are the moieties -CF3, - CH2F, -CHF2, -CF2CHF2, -CH2CF3, and -CH2CHF2.
• Preferred Rj substitutents for the compounds of the Formula (I) are CH2-cyclopropyl, CH2-C5-6 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl, C7-11 polycycloalkyl, (3- or 4-cyclopentenyl), phenyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, benzyl or Ci-2 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 or more fluorines, -(CH 2 )l-3C(O)O(CH )0-2CH3, -(CH 2 )l-3 ⁇ (CH 2 )0-2CH3, and -(CH 2 )2-40H.
• the R4 and R5 terms are independently hydrogen or alkyl.
• the individual hydrogen atoms of the repeating methylene unit or the branching hydrocarbon can optionally be substituted by fluorine independent of each other to yield, for instance, the preferred Ri substitutions, as noted above.
• Ri is a C7-11 polycycloalkyl
• examples are bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2 > 6 ]decyl, etc. additional examples of which are described in Saccamano et al., WO 87/06576, published 5 November 1987, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• Z is preferably C(0)R8, C(0)OR8, C(0)NRsR8, C(NRs)NR8R8, CN, C(NOR 8 )R8, C(0)NR 8 NR 8 C(0)R8, C(NR 8 )NR 8 R8, C(NCN)NR 8 R8, C(NCN)SR9, (1-, 4- or 5- ⁇ R8 ⁇ -2-imidazolyl), (1-, 4- or 5- ⁇ Rs ⁇ -3-pyrazolyl), (1-, 2- or 5- ⁇ R8 ⁇ -4-triazolyl[l,2,3]), (1-, 2-, 4- or 5- ⁇ R8 ⁇ -3-triazolyl[l,2,4]), (1- or 2- ⁇ R8 ⁇ -5-tetrazolyl), (4- or 5- ⁇ R8 ⁇ -2-oxazolyl), (3- or 4- ⁇ R8 ⁇ -5-isoxazolyl), (3- ⁇ R8 ⁇ -5-oxadiazolyl[l,2,4]), (5- ⁇ Rs ⁇ -3-oxadiazolyl[l,2,4]), (5
• X5 is preferably hydrogen, Ci-2 alkyl optionally substituted by one to three fluorines, OR8, CN, C(0)Rs, C(0)ORs, C(0)NRsR8, or NRsR ⁇ - Preferred X groups for Formula (I) are those wherein X is YR2 and Y is oxygen.
• the preferred X2 group for Formula (I) is that wherein X2 is oxygen.
• the preferred X3 group for Formula (I) is that wherein X3 is hydrogen.
• Preferred R2 groups, where applicable, are Ci-2 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 or more halogens.
• the halogen atoms are preferably fluorine and chlorine, more preferably fluorine.
• R2 groups are those wherein R2 is methyl, or the fluoro- substituted alkyls, specifically a Ci-2 alkyl, such as a -CF3, -CHF2, or -CH2CHF2 moiety. Most preferred are the -CHF2 and -CH3 moieties.
• R3 moieties are C(0)NH2, C ⁇ CR ⁇ , CN, C(Z')H, CH2OH, CH2F, CF2H, and CF3. More preferred are -C ⁇ CH and CN.
• Z' is preferably O or NOR8-
• R7 moieties include optionally substituted -(CH2)l-2(cyclopropyl), -(CH2)0-2(cyclobutyl), -(CH2)0-2(cyclopentyl), -(CH2)0-2(cyclohexyl), -(CH2)0-2(2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl), -(CH2)l-2(2-imidazolyl), -(CH2)2(4-morpholinyl), -(CH2)2(4-piperazinyl), -(CH2)l-2(2-thienyl), -(CH2)l-2(4-thiazolyl), and -(CH2)0-2phenyl;
• Preferred rings when Rio and Ri 1 in the moiety -NRioRl 1 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 membered ring optionally containing at least one additional heteroatom selected from O, N, or S include, but are not limited to 1 -imidazolyl, 2-(R8)-l -imidazolyl, 1 -pyrazolyl, 3-(R8)-l -pyrazolyl, 1 -triazolyl, 2-triazolyl, 5-(Rs)-l -triazolyl, 5-(R8)-2-triazolyl, 5-(R8)-l-tetrazolyl, 5-(Rs)-2-tetrazolyl, 1-tetrazolyl, 2-tetrazloyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, 4-(R°,)-l -piperazinyl, or pyrrolyl ring.
• the respective rings may be additionally substituted, where applicable, on an available nitrogen or carbon by the moiety R7 as described herein for Formula (I).
• Illustrations of such carbon substitutions includes, but are not limited to, 2-(R7)-l -imidazolyl, 4-(R7)-l -imidazolyl, 5-(R7)-l -imidazolyl, 3-(R7)-l -pyrazolyl, 4-(R7)-l -pyrazolyl, 5-(R7)-l -pyrazolyl, 4-(R7)-2-triazolyl, 5-(R7)-2-triazolyl, 4-(R7)-l -triazolyl, 5-(R 7 )-l -triazolyl, 5-(R7)- 1-tetrazolyl, and 5-(R7)-2-tetrazolyl.
• R7 Applicable nitrogen substitution by R7 includes, but is not limited to, l-(R7)-2-tetrazolyl, 2-(R7)- 1-tetrazolyl, 4-(R7)-l -piperazinyl. Where applicable, the ring may be substituted one or more times by R7.
• Preferred groups for NR10R14 which contain a heterocyclic ring are 5- (Ri4)-l-tetrazolyl, 2-(Ri4)-l-imidazolyl, 5-(Ri4)-2-tetrazolyl, or 4-(R 14 )-l- piperazinyl.
• Preferred rings for R13 include (2-, 4- or 5-imidazolyl), (3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl), (4- or 5-triazolyl[ 1,2,3]), (3- or 5-triazolyl[ 1,2,4]), (5-tetrazolyl), (2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl), (3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl), (3- or 5-oxadiazolyl[ 1,2,4]), (2-oxadiazolyl[ 1,3,4]), (2-thiadiazolyl[ 1,3,4]), (2-, 4-, or 5-thiazolyl), (2-, 4-, or 5-oxazolidinyl), (2-, 4-, or 5-thiazolidinyl), or (2-, 4-, or 5-imidazolidinyl).
• the heterocyclic ring itself may be optionally substituted by R% either on an available nitrogen or carbon atom, such as l-(R8)-2-imidazolyl, l-(R8)-4-imidazolyl, l-(R8)-5-imidazolyl, l-(R8)-3-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-4-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-5-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-4-triazolyl, or l-(R8)-5-triazolyl.
• Rg the ring may be substituted one or more times by Rg.
• Ri is -CH2- cyclopropyl, -CH2-C5-6 cycloalkyl, -C4-6 cycloalkyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, (3- or 4- cyclopentenyl), benzyl or -C ⁇ _2 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 or more fluorines, and -(CH2)2-4 OH;
• R2 is methyl or fluoro-substituted alkyl, R3 is CN or C ⁇ CRs; and
• X is YR2.
• Ri is -CH2-cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, methyl or CF2H
• R3 is CN
• X is YR2
• Y is oxygen
• X2 is oxygen
• X3 is hydrogen
• R2 is CF2H or methyl.
• a preferred subgenus of the compounds of the Formula (I) is the compounds of the Formula (la)
• R is CH2-cyclopropyl, CH2-C5-6 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by OH, C4-6 cycloalkyl, C7-11 polycycloalkyl, (3- or 4-cyclopentenyl), phenyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, benzyl or C 1-2 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 or more fluorines,-(CH2)l-3C(O)O(CH2)0-2CH3, -(CH 2 )l-3 ⁇ (CH2) ⁇ -2CH 3 , and -(CH 2 )2-40H;
• X is YR2, halogen, nitro, NR4R5, or formyl amine
• X5 is H, R 9 , OR8, CN, C(0)R 8 , C(0)OR 8 , C(0)NR 8 R8, or NR 8 Rs;
• Y is O or S(0) m '; m' is 0, 1, or 2;
• R2 is -CH3 or -CH2CH3 optionally substituted by 1 or more halogens;
• R3 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, CH2NHC(0)C(0)NH2, halo-substituted C1-4 alkyl, CN, CH2OR8, C(Z')H, C(0)ORs, C(O)NR8Rl0, or C ⁇ CRs; Z' is O or NORs;
• Z is C(0)Ri4, C(0)ORi4, C(O)NR ⁇ 0 Rl4, C(NR ⁇ 0 )NR ⁇ 0 Rl4, CN, C(NOR8)Ri4, C(0)NR8NR8C(0)R8, C(0)NRsNR ⁇ oRl4, C(NORi4)R8,
• R7 is -(CR4R5)qRi2 or C ⁇ . ⁇ alkyl wherein the R12 or C ⁇ _g alkyl group is optionally substituted one or more times by C 1-2 alkyl optionally substituted by one to three fluorines, -F, -Br, -Cl, -N0 2 , -NRIQRH , -C(0)Rs, -C(0)ORs, -ORS, -CN, -C(0)NR ⁇ oRl l, -OC(0)NRioRn, -OC(0)R 8 , -NRioC(0)NRioRl l, -NRioC(0)Rn, -NR ⁇ oC(0)OR 9 , -NR ⁇ oC(0)Ri3, -C(NR ⁇ o)NR ⁇ oRn, -C(NCN)NR ⁇ oRl l, -C(NCN)SR9, -NR ⁇ oC(NCN)SR9 , -NR ⁇ oC(NCN)
• Rl2 is C3-C7 cycloalkyl, (2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl), (1- or 2-imidazolyl), piperazinyl, morpholinyl, (2- or 3-thienyl), (4- or 5-thiazolyl), or phenyl; the dotted line formula (a) represents a single or double bond;
• R is independently selected from hydrogen or R9; R9 is C ⁇ _4 alkyl optionally substituted by one to three fluorines; Rl ⁇ is OR8 or Rn;
• R 1 is hydrogen or C 1.4 alkyl optionally substituted by one to three fluorines; or when Rio and Ri 1 are as NRioRl 1 they may together with the nitrogen form a 5 to 7 membered ring optionally containing at least one additional heteroatom selected from O, N, or S;
• Rl3 is oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, or thiadiazolyl, and each of these heterocyclic rings is connected through a carbon atom and each may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or two C ⁇ _2 alkyl groups;
• R14 is hydrogen or R7; or when Rio and R14 are as NR10R14 they may together with the nitrogen form a 5 to 7 membered ring optionally containing one or
• N-methyl-c 5 -[4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexane- 1-carboxamic acid]; cw-[4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexane- 1 -N-(2- cyanoethyl)carboxamide] ; cis-[ 1 -(2-cyanoethyl)-5- ⁇ 4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4- methoxyphenyl)cyclohexyl ⁇ tetrazole] ; and czs-[4-cy.ano-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-l-(tetrazol-5- yl)cyclohexane].
• the halogens are preferably fluorine and chlorine, more preferably a Ci-4 alkyl substituted by 1 or more fluorines.
• the preferred halo-substituted alkyl chain length is one or two carbons, and most preferred are the moieties -CF3, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF2CHF2, - CH2CF3, and -CH2CHF2.
• Preferred Ri substitutents for the compounds of Formula (I) are CH2-cyclopropyl, CH2-C5-6 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted with OHC7-11 polycycloalkyl, (3- or 4-cyclopentenyl), phenyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, benzyl or Ci-2 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or more fluorines, -(CH2)l-3C(O)O(CH2)0-2CH3, -(CH )l-3 ⁇ (CH2) ⁇ -2CH3, and -(CH 2 )2-40H.
• Ri term contains the moiety (CR4R5)
• the R4 and R5 terms are independently hydrogen or alkyl. This allows for branching of the individual methylene units as (CR4R5) n or (CR4R5) m ; each repeating methylene unit is independent of the other, e.g., (CR4R5) n wherein n is 2 can be -CH2CH(-CH3)-, for instance.
• the individual hydrogen atoms of the repeating methylene unit or the branching hydrocarbon can unsubstituted or be substituted by fluorine independent of each other to yield, for instance, the preferred Ri substitutions, as noted above.
• Ri is a C7-11 polycycloalkyl
• examples are bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, tricyclo[5.2.1. ⁇ 2,6]decyl, etc. additional examples of which are described in Saccamano et al, WO 87/06576, published 5 November 1987.
• W is preferably alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and where it is alkenyl or alkynyl, that one or two double or triple bonds be present. It is most preferred that W is ethynyl or 1,3-butadiynyl.
• Z is preferably OR14, OR15, SR14, S(0) m 'R7, S(0)2NR ⁇ oRl4, NR10 14,
• Preferred X groups for Formula (I) are those wherein X is YR2 and Y is oxygen.
• the preferred X2 group for Formula (la) is that wherein X2 is oxygen.
• the preferred X3 group for Formula (I) is that wherein X3 is hydrogen.
• Preferred R2 groups, where applicable, is a Ci-2 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or more halogens.
• the halogen atoms are preferably fluorine and chlorine, more preferably fluorine.
• More preferred R2 groups are those wherein R2 is methyl, or the fluoro- substituted alkyls, specifically a Ci-2 alkyl, such as a -CF3, -CHF2, or -CH2CHF2 moiety. Most preferred are the -CHF2 and -CH3 moieties.
• R7 moieties include unsubstituted or substituted -(CH2)0-2(2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl), (CH2)l-2(2-imidazolyl), (CH2)2(4-morpholinyl), (CH2)2(4- piperazinyl), (CH2)l-2(2-thienyl), (CH2)l-2(4-thiazolyl), unsubstituted or substituted pyrimidinyl, and substituted or unsubstituted (CH2) ⁇ -2phenyl.
• Preferred rings when Rio and Rl l in the moiety -NRioRl 1 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 membered ring comprised of carbon or carbon and at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, or S include, but are not limited to 1 -imidazolyl, 2-(Rs)-l -imidazolyl, 1 -pyrazolyl,
• Preferred rings when Rio and R14 in the moiety -NR10R14 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached may form a 5 to 7 membered ring comprised of carbon or carbon and at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, or S include, but are not limited to 1-imidazolyl, 1-pyrazolyl, 1 -triazolyl, 2-triazolyl, 1-tetrazolyl, 2-tetrazolyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, and pyrrolyl.
• the respective rings may be additionally substituted, where applicable, on an available nitrogen or carbon by the moiety R7 as described herein for Formula (I).
• Illustrations of such carbon substitutions includes, but is not limited to, 2-(R7)-l -imidazolyl, 4-(R7)-l -imidazolyl, 5-(R7)-l -imidazolyl, 3-(R7)-l -pyrazolyl, 4-(R7)-l -pyrazolyl, 5-(R7)-l -pyrazolyl, 4-(R7)-2-triazolyl, 5-(R7)-2-triazolyl, 4-(R7)-l -triazolyl, 5-(R7)-l -triazolyl, 5-(R7)- 1-tetrazolyl, and 5-(R7)-2-tetrazolyl.
• R7 Applicable nitrogen substitution by R7 includes, but is not limited to, l-(R7)-2-tetrazolyl, 2-(R7)- 1 -tetrazolyl, 4-(R7)-l -piperazinyl. Where applicable, the ring may be substituted one or more times by R7.
• Preferred groups for NR10R14 which contain a heterocyclic ring are 5- (R 14)- 1-tetrazolyl, 2-(R ⁇ 4)- 1 -imidazolyl, 5-(Ri4)-2-tetrazolyl, 4-(Ri4)-l- piperazinyl, or 4-(R ⁇ 5)- 1 -piperazinyl.
• Preferred rings for R13 include (2-, 4- or 5-imidazolyl), (3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl), (4- or 5-triazolyl[l,2,3]), (3- or 5-triazolyl[ 1,2,4]), (5-tetrazolyl), (2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl), (3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl), (3- or 5 -oxadiazolyl [ 1,2,4]), (2-oxadiazolyl[ 1,3,4]), (2-thiadiazolyl[ 1,3,4]), (2-, 4-, or 5-thiazolyl), (2-, 4-, or 5-oxazolidinyl), (2-, 4-, or 5-thiazolidinyl), or (2-, 4-, or 5-imidazolidinyl).
• the heterocyclic ring itself may be unsubstituted or substituted by R8 on an available nitrogen or carbon atom, such as l-(R8)-2-imidazolyl, l-(R8)-4-imidazolyl, l-(R8)-5-imidazolyl, l-(R8)-3-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-4-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-5-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-4-triazolyl, or l-(R8)-5-tri.azolyl.
• the ring may be substituted one or more times by Rs.
• R is -CH2-cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, 3-hydroxycyclopentyl, methyl or CF2H
• X is YR2
• Y is oxygen
• X2 is oxygen
• X3 is hydrogen
• R2 is CF2H or methyl
• W is ethynyl or 1,3-butadiynyl
• R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl ring.
• the most preferred compounds of Formula (II) are: cw-[4-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-ylethynyl)-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4- methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan- 1 -ol] , c/5 , -[4-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-ylethynyl)-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4- methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexan- 1 -ol] , trans-[4-(2-acetamidopyrimidin-5-ylethynyl)-4-(3-cyclopentyloy-4- methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan- 1 -ol] , tr ⁇ n5-[4-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl-ethynyl)-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4- methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexan-l-o
• Some compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II) may exist in both racemic and optically active forms; some may also exist in distinct diastereomeric forms possessing distinct physical and biological properties. All of these compounds are considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Therefore another aspect of the present invention is the administration of either a racemate, a single enantiomeric form, a single diastereomeric form, or mixtures thereof.
• C 1 _3 alkyl include both straight or branched chain radicals of 1 to 10, unless the chain length is limited thereto, including, but not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec- butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, and the like.
• Alkenyl includes both straight or branched chain radicals of 1 to 6 carbon lengths, unless the chain length is limited thereto, including but not limited to vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-propynyl, or 3-methyl- 2- ⁇ ropenyl.
• Cycloalkyl or “cycloalkyl alkyl” includes groups of 3-7 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
• the alkyl chain includes both straight or branched chain radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Heteroaryl as used herein, is meant an aromatic ring system containing one or more heteroatoms, such as imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, or thienyl.
• Halo as used herein is meant all halogens, i.e., chloro, fluoro, bromo, or iodo.
• a compound of Formula (I) and (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of COPD, it will be formulated in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice as a pharmaceutical composition.
• the compounds of Formula (I) and (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, polymorph, hydrate, etc., thereof can be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the prophylatic or therapeutic treatment of COPD.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention will comprise an effective, non-toxic amount of a compound of Formula (I) or (II) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
• the compounds of Formula (I) and (H) are administered in conventional dosage forms prepared by combining a compound of Formula (I) and (II) in an amount sufficient to reduce COPD symptoms and/or its progression, with standard pharmaceutical carriers according to conventional procedures. These procedures may involve mixing, granulating, and compressing or dissolving the ingredients as appropriate to the desired preparation.
• the preparation can be tableted, placed in a hard gelatin capsule in powder or pellet form, or in the form of a troche or lozenge.
• the amount of solid carrier will vary widely but preferably will be from about 25 mg to about 1 gram.
• the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatin capsule, sterile injectable liquid such as an ampule or nonaqueous liquid suspension.
• any routine encapsulation is suitable, for example using the aforementioned carriers in a hard gelatin capsule shell.
• composition is in the form of a soft gelatin shell capsule
• any pharmaceutical carrier routinely used for preparing dispersions or suspensions may be considered, for example aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates, or oils and are incorporated in a soft gelatin capsule shell.
• a syrup formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the compound or salt in a liquid carrier for example, ethanol, glycerine, or water with a flavoring or coloring agent.
• the daily dosage regimen for oral administration is suitably about .001 mg/kg to lOOmg/kg, preferably 0.01 mg/Kg to 40 mg/Kg, of a compound of Formula (I) and (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof calculated as the free base.
• the active ingredient may be administered from 1 to 6 times a day, sufficient to exhibit activity.
• an active ingredient may be administered neat, it is preferable to present it as a pharmaceutical formulation.
• the active ingredient may comprise, for topical administration, from 0.001% to 10% w/w, e.g., from 1% to 2% by weight of formulation, although it may comprise as much as 10% w/w but preferably not in excess of 5% w/w and more preferably from 0.1% to 1% w/w of Formulation.
• the form and character of the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent is dictated by the amount of active ingredient with which it is to be combined, the route of administration, and other well-known variables.
• Formulations of the present invention comprise an active ingredient together with one or more acceptable carrier(s) thereof and optionally any other therapeutic ingredient(s).
• the carrier(s) must be 'acceptable' in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of Formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
• the preferred pharmaceutical formulation is an oral formulation and one which contains between about lmg and 60mg of a compound of formula (I) or formula (II) at least once a day to a patient suffering from COPD or who is at risk for developing COPD.
• the formulation will be a tablet or similar solid dosage form such as an immediate release tablet.
• the more preferred formulation is a tablet which contains Formula (I) or Formula (II) in an amount of 5mg, lOmg, 15mg or 20mg.
• the formulation will be an immediate release tablet which contain about 15mg of a compound; perferably the compound will be cis- [4- cyano-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexane-l -carboxylic acid]; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, polymorph, pro-drug, or hydrate thereof.
• This invention relates to a method for treating COPD in a human suffering from COPD, or for preventing or reducing the intensity of the onset of COPD in a human, by administering at least once daily a pharmaceutical composition containing a compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II) in an amount between lmg and 20mg admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. More preferably the methods comprise administering a composition which contains 5mg, lOmg, 15mg or 20 mg at least twice daily.
• the compound will contain about 15mg of cis- [4- cyano-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexane-l -carboxylic acid]; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, polymorph, or hydrate thereof and will be administered twice daily. And perferably the composition will be administered as a tablet and will be administered orally.
• Example 1 Tablet Formulation A tablet was prepared as described further herein using as the active ingredient d -[4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexane- 1 ⁇ carboxylic acid] and the excipients listed in Table 1.
• the ingredients are separately weighed and screened.
• the active ingredient is mixed with lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium starch glycolate. Magnesium stearate is added to the mixture.
• the blend is compressed and the tablet cores are coated with an aqueous film coat.
• Initial step Weigh the acid, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate and magnesium stearate. Screen each ingredient to de-aggregate using a vibratory/shaker separator or equivalent, fitted with a suitable sieve screen.
• Step 2 Charge a bin blender or equivalent with the microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, SB-207499 and lactose. Mix until a homogeneous blend is achieved (approximately 20 minutes).
• Step 3 Add the magnesium stearate to the blender. Blend for approximately 3 minutes.
• Step 1 Compress the tablets using a rotary tablet press or equivalent.
• Step 2 Prepare a 12 % w/w Opadry coating suspension, using 7.33 grams of purified water/gram of Opadry.
• Step 3 Using a perforated pan coating system or equivalent, spray the coating suspension on the tablet cores until the desired tablet weight gain is obtained.
• Step 4 Dry the tablets.

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