WO1999014584A1 - Gassensor - Google Patents
Gassensor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999014584A1 WO1999014584A1 PCT/EP1998/005792 EP9805792W WO9914584A1 WO 1999014584 A1 WO1999014584 A1 WO 1999014584A1 EP 9805792 W EP9805792 W EP 9805792W WO 9914584 A1 WO9914584 A1 WO 9914584A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- measuring
- oxygen
- gas sensor
- sensor
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gas sensor according to the preamble of claims 1 and 10 and its use.
- a generic gas sensor is known for example from DE 195 34 918 A1.
- two electrodes are arranged with an interdigitated comb structure (see FIG. 1), opposite them, on the reference air side there is a reference electrode.
- This invention focuses on reliable sealing, so that no information is given on the functions and advantages of the two electrodes (sensor contacts) on the measuring gas side of the solid electrolyte.
- the design enables voltammetric measurement of two gas components in a gas mixture.
- a generic gas sensor is known from DE 36 10 366 A1, in which several electrochemical measuring cells are arranged on a tubular support. Only gaseous pollutants can be measured there (not oxygen). The measurement signals are evaluated by calculating the characteristic curves of the pollutant concentrations.
- Such a gas sensor is also known from DE 41 09 516 C2.
- the solid electrolyte is in the form of a plate on which an electrode serving as a reference is applied on one side and at least two measuring electrodes are applied to the opposite side, which interact with different constituents in a gas mixture.
- the plate-shaped sensor is installed in a housing in order to then be installed as a gas probe in the exhaust line of motor vehicles, perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
- This probe works without a reference gas, which requires an electrode potential that is independent of the environment.
- electrodes of this type are not stable with regard to their electrochemical potential, in particular when changing from lean to rich mixture compositions.
- the realization of a stable and homogeneous temperature distribution on the entire surface is very difficult.
- a similar, relatively complicated sensor is also known from DE 42 43 734 A1.
- the invention has for its object to provide a gas sensor with which at least two gaseous components can be reliably detected simultaneously over a wide range of the gas mixture composition and which also ensures a stable reference signal with the help of ambient air, which additionally and, if necessary, the influence the oxygen content by supplying or removing oxygen to the respective measuring electrodes.
- the solid electrolyte generally a solid electrolyte body with almost any geometric shape, is designed as a tube closed on one side, on which a reference electrode is arranged on its inner wall, as close as possible to the closed end, and a plurality of electrodes are arranged on its outside, facing the measurement gas.
- the solid electrolyte consists, for example, of partially or fully stabilized ZrO 2 or CeO 2 .
- the arrangement of the at least two independent measuring electrodes on the solid electrolyte ensures the simultaneous detection of at least two measuring signals which correspond to at least two different gas components.
- the heating element can also be applied in the form of a heating conductor on the outside of the solid electrolyte, but in order to To avoid shunts, an electrically insulating layer is arranged between the heating conductor and the solid electrolyte.
- one of the electrodes as a measuring electrode on the outside of the solid electrolyte tube closed on one side consists of a catalytically active material and is therefore particularly suitable for potentiometric oxygen measurement according to the principle of a Nernst probe.
- the second measuring electrode consists of a catalytically inactive material. Hydrocarbons are preferably detected at these electrodes.
- the catalytically inactive metal oxides include, for example, mixed-conducting, perovskite compounds of the general formula Ln 1 . 2 A 1 . x B x O 3 , where Ln is a lanthanide cation, A is an element from the group Mn, Cr, Co, Fe, Ti or Ni (in particular Cr or Ti) and B is an element from the group Ga, Al, Sc, Mg or Ca. .
- the gas sensor according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for use in the simultaneous measurement of oxygen or lambda and hydrocarbons in a gas mixture.
- the measurement of oxygen is preferably carried out on the catalytically active measuring electrode, the potential arising depending on the oxygen concentration in the measuring gas being measured against the air reference electrode.
- This measuring electrode equilibrates the measuring gas and the voltage determined on it gives a signal corresponding to the known lambda probes.
- a voltage can also be determined against the (air) reference, which depends on the concentration of unburned constituents, i.e. is determined by the concentration of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas.
- FIG. 1a shows a schematic top view of a planar gas sensor with two measuring electrodes for the potentiometric simultaneous determination of oxygen and hydrocarbons;
- FIG. 1b shows a section through a gas sensor according to FIG. 1a;
- Figure 2 shows a section through a tubular gas sensor with two measuring electrodes
- FIG. 3 shows a family of characteristics of the measurement signals of the gas sensor from FIG. 2 in the case of a propane / oxygen measurement gas mixture
- FIG. 4 shows a section through a tubular gas sensor with three measuring electrodes for resistive oxygen and potentiometric hydrocarbon determination
- Figure 5 shows a section through a tubular gas sensor for amperometric oxygen and potentiometric hydrocarbon determination
- FIG. 6 shows a section through a tubular gas sensor for the amperometric determination of oxygen and nitrogen oxide, as well as for the potentiometric determination of hydrocarbons;
- FIG. 7 shows a section through a tubular gas sensor for potentiometric oxygen and amperometric oxygen and nitrogen oxide determination
- the gas sensor according to the invention consists of a planar ZrO 2 sensor element as an oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte 1 with a rectangular cross section, which contains a reference air channel 4 closed on one side.
- a planar ZrO 2 sensor element as an oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte 1 with a rectangular cross section, which contains a reference air channel 4 closed on one side.
- two measuring electrodes 2, 3 and a heating element 5 are arranged on the outside of the solid electrolyte 1, which furthermore each have leads 6, 60, 61, 62 to connection contact fields 7, 70, 71, 72 are provided.
- the measuring electrodes 2, 3 are applied directly to the oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte 1 made of ZrQ, while the heating element 5 (not in FIG.
- connection contact fields 7, 70, 71, 72 for the measuring electrodes 2, 3 and the heating element 5 and an additional connection contact field 73 for the reference electrode 9, which is also guided on the outside of the solid electrolyte 1, are located in the interior of the reference air duct 4 (see FIG. 2) at the open end of the ZrO 2 sensor element.
- the measuring electrodes 2, 3 themselves are located in the region of the closed tip of the sensor element, the heating element 5 being guided in a meandering shape around the measuring electrodes 2, 3. In this way, a rapid heating of the sensor is ensured in the event that the sample gas itself only has a temperature of, for example, 300 ° C.
- the outside of the ZrQ sensor element is provided with a porous protective layer (not shown in the drawings) which is intended to protect the measuring electrodes 2, 3 and the heating conductor 5 against corrosive attack and optimized the access of the measuring gas to the measuring electrodes 2, 3.
- One of the two measuring electrodes 2, 3 is made of catalytically active material, namely platinum, and is to be regarded as an "oxygen electrode" 2, at which the potential that is established relative to the air reference electrode 9 in the reference air channel 4 is measured.
- the other measuring electrodes 3 are made of gold. It can be used to determine the hydrocarbon concentration compared to the reference electrode.
- the gas sensor is shown in cross section in FIGS.
- FIG. 2 the arrangement of the reference electrodes 9, 9 'in the interior of the ZrO 2 tube 1, where the oxygen partial pressure (air) is constant, can be seen in particular with respect to the measuring electrodes 2, 3 on the outside, since only the outside of the ZrOj- Tube 1 is exposed to the sample gas.
- the inside of the ZrO 2 tube corresponds to the reference air duct 4 from FIG. 1b.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a family of curves of measurement signals determined with the aid of the gas sensor.
- the sensor voltage is plotted in millivolts compared to the propane gas concentration in volume% or the ratio number lambda. Air is used as the reference gas.
- Curve 1a shows the theoretical potential jump function with equilibrium adjustment
- curve 1 b the oxygen characteristic curve determined for the specific measuring gas system (propane / 1.5 vol% O 2 , 700 ° C, platinum electrode)
- curve 2 the characteristic curve for the hydrocarbon concentration in the measuring gas (perovskite -Measuring electrode).
- FIG. 1 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.
- a catalytically inactive electrode 3 made of perovskite material is arranged on a tubular solid electrolyte 1 made of ZrO 2 , the reference electrode 9 in the reference air channel 4 opposite it.
- an insulating layer 8 made of Al 2 O 3 is arranged on the outside of the ZrO 2 tube 1, on which two catalytically active measuring electrodes 2, 2 'made of platinum are applied.
- the two measuring electrodes 2, 2 ' are in turn covered by an oxygen-sensitive layer 10 made of SrTiO 3 or TiO 2 .
- a heating element 5 is also arranged on the insulating layer 8 on the outside of the solid electrolyte tube 1.
- This construction of the gas sensor allows the resistive oxygen measurement on the measuring electrodes 2, 2 'via the sensitive layer 10 made of SrTiO 3 or TiO 2 and the simultaneous, potentiometric hydrocarbon determination on the measuring electrode 3 with respect to the reference electrode 9 above the solid electrolyte 1.
- Figure 5 also shows a section through a tubular solid electrolyte 1 made of ZrQ.
- a catalytically inactive electrode 3 made of perovskite material and a catalytically active electrode 2 made of platinum.
- the latter is covered by a porous diffusion layer 11 made of Al 2 O 3 .
- a reference electrode 9, 9 'or counter electrode 9' is arranged in the interior of the tube 1.
- the gas sensor is provided with a heating element 5.
- the oxygen is determined amperometrically by means of a pump current between the measuring electrode 2 and the reference electrode 9, which acts here as a counter electrode.
- the hydrocarbon determination takes place potentiometrically analogous to the previous example (FIG. 4).
- FIG. 6 shows a sensor structure similar to that in FIG. 5, but in addition a further measuring electrode 2 "is arranged above the diffusion layer 11.
- the diffusion layer is also designed here as a solid electrolyte, so that an amperometric oxygen and an amperometric determination of nitrogen oxide (by means of pump currents) can take place between the electrodes 2 and 9.
- the hydrocarbon determination follows the potentiometric measuring principle, analogously to the example according to FIG. 5.
- the catalytically inactive measuring electrode 3 is replaced by a catalytically active measuring electrode 2 '".
- the potentiometric lambda determination is carried out here via the measuring electrode 2'" compared to the reference electrode 9.
- the nitrogen oxide determination follows the amperometric measuring principle, analogously to the example in FIG. 6 .
- FIGS. 8a and 8b show characteristic curves of a sensor according to FIG. 7.
- the measuring principle here is amperometric for oxygen measurement (measuring electrodes 2 and 2 ") and for NO measurement (measuring electrodes 2 and 9).
- FIG. 8a current I. plotted in ⁇ A compared to the oxygen content O 2 in% at a voltage of -300 mV
- Figure 8b shows the NO characteristics for various O 2 contents as can be measured via a second electrode.
- the applied voltage is -550 mV.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP51025299A JP2001505311A (ja) | 1997-09-15 | 1998-09-11 | ガスセンサ |
EP98946449A EP0938666A1 (de) | 1997-09-15 | 1998-09-11 | Gassensor |
BR9806177-1A BR9806177A (pt) | 1997-09-15 | 1998-09-11 | Sensor de gás |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19740500.2 | 1997-09-15 | ||
DE19740500 | 1997-09-15 | ||
DE19757112A DE19757112C2 (de) | 1997-09-15 | 1997-12-20 | Gassensor |
DE19757112.3 | 1997-12-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999014584A1 true WO1999014584A1 (de) | 1999-03-25 |
Family
ID=26039988
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1998/005792 WO1999014584A1 (de) | 1997-09-15 | 1998-09-11 | Gassensor |
PCT/EP1998/006036 WO1999014586A1 (de) | 1997-09-15 | 1998-09-14 | Gassensor |
PCT/EP1998/005823 WO1999014585A1 (de) | 1997-09-15 | 1998-09-14 | Gassensor |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1998/006036 WO1999014586A1 (de) | 1997-09-15 | 1998-09-14 | Gassensor |
PCT/EP1998/005823 WO1999014585A1 (de) | 1997-09-15 | 1998-09-14 | Gassensor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6355151B1 (de) |
EP (3) | EP0938666A1 (de) |
JP (3) | JP2001505311A (de) |
BR (3) | BR9806177A (de) |
WO (3) | WO1999014584A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001242130A (ja) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-09-07 | Kyocera Corp | ガスセンサ素子 |
EP1217365A2 (de) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-06-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Mehrelektroden-Gassensorsystem mit Gasreferenz |
EP2226629A1 (de) * | 2007-10-05 | 2010-09-08 | Heraeus Sensor Technology Gmbh | Gassensor enthaltend ein Festelektrolytplättchen und drei poröse metallische Elektroden |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4565739B2 (ja) * | 2000-01-31 | 2010-10-20 | 京セラ株式会社 | 空燃比センサ素子 |
DE10111586A1 (de) * | 2001-03-10 | 2002-09-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb von Brennkraftmaschinen |
US6910371B2 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2005-06-28 | General Motors Corporation | Extended durability sensing system |
US7258772B2 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2007-08-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Oxygen sensor and method of manufacturing same |
GB0319455D0 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2003-09-17 | Boc Group Plc | Electrochemical sensor |
JP4739716B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-29 | 2011-08-03 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | センサ素子 |
GB0323417D0 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2003-11-05 | Boc Group Plc | Electrochemical sensor |
US20050155871A1 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2005-07-21 | Grant Robert B. | Electrochemical sensor |
JP4593979B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-07 | 2010-12-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ガスセンサ及びガス検出方法 |
AU2006341550A1 (en) * | 2005-12-12 | 2007-10-18 | Nextech Materials, Ltd. | Ceramic H2S sensor |
US20080154434A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Galloway Douglas B | Catalytic Alloy Hydrogen Sensor Apparatus and Process |
US20080154432A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Galloway Douglas B | Catalytic alloy hydrogen sensor apparatus and process |
ES2614154T3 (es) * | 2008-07-10 | 2017-05-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elemento sensor y procedimiento para determinar componentes gaseosos en mezclas gaseosas y su utilización |
CN102424457B (zh) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-06-12 | 湖南万容科技股份有限公司 | 含重金属工业废水的处理系统及其处理方法 |
DE102013210903A1 (de) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-11 | Heraeus Sensor Technology Gmbh | Gassensor zur Messung unterschiedlicher Gase und dazugehöriges Herstellungsverfahren |
DE102016014068A1 (de) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | Lamtec Meß - und Regeltechnik für Feuerungen GmbH | Verfahren zur Funktionsüberprüfung eines Gassensors |
JP6669616B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-09 | 2020-03-18 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
WO2018209082A1 (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-11-15 | Carrier Corporation | Sensor and method for gas testing |
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US4427525A (en) * | 1982-05-24 | 1984-01-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Dual gas measuring solid electrolyte electrochemical cell apparatus |
EP0335666A2 (de) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-10-04 | Rosemount Analytical Inc. | Einheitsdualgassensor |
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DE4225775C2 (de) | 1992-08-04 | 2002-09-19 | Heraeus Electro Nite Int | Anordnung zum kontinuierlichen Überwachen der Konzentration von NO in Gasgemischen |
DE4243733C2 (de) | 1992-12-23 | 2003-03-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor zur Bestimmung von Gaskomponenten und/oder Gaskonzentrationen von Gasgemischen |
JPH08507143A (ja) * | 1993-02-26 | 1996-07-30 | ロート‐テヒニーク・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー・ウント・コー・フォルシュング・フュア・アウトモービル‐ウント・ウムヴェルトテヒニーク | ラムダセンサの組合せ |
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1998
- 1998-09-11 BR BR9806177-1A patent/BR9806177A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-11 WO PCT/EP1998/005792 patent/WO1999014584A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-11 EP EP98946449A patent/EP0938666A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-09-11 JP JP51025299A patent/JP2001505311A/ja active Pending
- 1998-09-14 JP JP51739199A patent/JP2001505315A/ja active Pending
- 1998-09-14 BR BR9806178-0A patent/BR9806178A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-14 EP EP98950029A patent/EP0938667A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-09-14 JP JP51742699A patent/JP2001505316A/ja active Pending
- 1998-09-14 WO PCT/EP1998/006036 patent/WO1999014586A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-14 BR BR9806176-3A patent/BR9806176A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-14 EP EP98951451A patent/EP0938668A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-09-14 WO PCT/EP1998/005823 patent/WO1999014585A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1999
- 1999-05-14 US US09/312,184 patent/US6355151B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-31 US US09/584,238 patent/US6342151B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US4145272A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1979-03-20 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Oxygen sensor |
US4427525A (en) * | 1982-05-24 | 1984-01-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Dual gas measuring solid electrolyte electrochemical cell apparatus |
EP0335666A2 (de) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-10-04 | Rosemount Analytical Inc. | Einheitsdualgassensor |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001242130A (ja) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-09-07 | Kyocera Corp | ガスセンサ素子 |
JP4573939B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-29 | 2010-11-04 | 京セラ株式会社 | ガスセンサ素子 |
EP1217365A2 (de) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-06-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Mehrelektroden-Gassensorsystem mit Gasreferenz |
EP1217365A3 (de) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-06-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Mehrelektroden-Gassensorsystem mit Gasreferenz |
EP2226629A1 (de) * | 2007-10-05 | 2010-09-08 | Heraeus Sensor Technology Gmbh | Gassensor enthaltend ein Festelektrolytplättchen und drei poröse metallische Elektroden |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9806177A (pt) | 1999-10-19 |
US6342151B1 (en) | 2002-01-29 |
WO1999014585A1 (de) | 1999-03-25 |
JP2001505315A (ja) | 2001-04-17 |
BR9806176A (pt) | 1999-10-19 |
US6355151B1 (en) | 2002-03-12 |
JP2001505316A (ja) | 2001-04-17 |
EP0938668A1 (de) | 1999-09-01 |
BR9806178A (pt) | 1999-10-19 |
WO1999014586A1 (de) | 1999-03-25 |
JP2001505311A (ja) | 2001-04-17 |
EP0938666A1 (de) | 1999-09-01 |
EP0938667A1 (de) | 1999-09-01 |
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