WO1997046768A1

WO1997046768A1 - Block for a composite construction structure, and structure

Info

Publication number: WO1997046768A1
Application number: PCT/EP1997/002743
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sergio Pollarolo
Original assignee: Sergio Pollarolo
Priority date: 1996-05-30
Filing date: 1997-05-27
Publication date: 1997-12-11
Also published as: ITSV960018A1; ITSV960018A0; AU3168397A; IT1288135B1

Abstract

A block for a composite construction structure, particularly for an antiseismic construction structure, has at least one cavity (6, 6', 6'') and preferably a plurality of cavities separated by walls (4, 5, 7, 8). Along the upper side of the block are provided grooves (18, 13), while the block head sides present recesses (2). Inside the block cavities are provided partitions (4, 5, 7, 8) situated between the two walls (3) which form the two longitudinal faces of the block. The partitions (4, 5, 7, 8) are comprised of combinations of perpendicular (5), parallel (4) and inclined (7, 8) walls with respect to the two longitudinal walls (3) of the block, thereby forming a network of decomposition of forces acting on said walls (3).

Description

Block for a composite construction structure and

composite building structure made with this

block.

The invention relates to blocks for the

construction of composite structures and, in

particular, for the realization of structures of

anti-seismic constructions. These blocks present

minus one cavity, but preferably a plurality of

cavities separated by partitions, as well as grooves

or reinforcements along one of the support sides and

in the head sides.

Blocks of this kind are known and are

widely used in buildings. However,

currently used blocks have a coefficient

of insulation which is not at all favorable, that is to say that the ratio between the empty cavities and the

solid walls is not optimal to ensure good

insulation and, above all, a suitable lightness of the

structure built with these blocks. In addition,

blocks have, in general, the shape of parallelepipeds

rectangular, whose head sides constitute the

smaller areas, while the sides parallel to the longitudinal axis of the block are more

large and are called "upper side", "support side"

and "faces of the block". A relatively large area of

faces of the block and the presence of the most

large possible inside the block contribute to

weaken the walls that make up the faces of the block

and therefore reduce the resistance of the block to

transverse stresses. The requirement

increase the volume of the empty parts of the block and

that of having greater resistance to

transverse stresses are therefore in contrast

between them. This also affects the

choice of materials, i.e. mortars

cement, concretes and any aggregates.

The object of the present invention is to provide a

block of the type described at the beginning and which can remedy the

disadvantages of the blocks already used, ensuring

substantial increase and / or conservation of

vacuum volume in combination with an increase

and / or a conservation of the characteristics of

resistance of the walls of the faces of the block, while

retaining and even perfecting the

technical characteristics of composite structures

of construction that can be done with these blocks.

To this end, the invention relates to a block of the type described at the beginning and in which the cavities of the block

are separated from each other by partitions

between the two walls forming the two sides

longitudinal of the block, these partitions being composed

by combinations of perpendicular partitions,

parallel and inclined with respect to the two faces

longitudinal of the block and forming a network of

decomposition of the forces which act on these faces.

Advantageously, in particular from the point of view

of manufacture, the partitions forming the cavities

are oriented perpendicular or essentially

perpendicular to the support side and the side

top of the block as well as on the side parallel to the side

top of the block.

The dimensions are chosen so that the

volume of the hollow of the block is between 50% and 70%

and in particular corresponds to 51%. According to a

improvement of the invention, the network of partitions

between the cavities forms one of the symmetrical s by

with respect to the longitudinal axis and to the transverse axis of the

block.

A preferred embodiment provides at least one

partition parallel to the walls of the faces of the block and

located in a central part, as well as at least two

pairs of inclined partitions which connect each side of the central longitudinal partition with the wall of the corresponding face of the block. Each couple of

inclined partitions is associated with a half

transverse of the block, while the two partitions have

a common origin in correspondence of the wall of the

corresponding side of the block and connect to the partition

longitudinal with different inclinations in

diverging from one another and moving towards the axis

central transverse and one towards the connection of

the longitudinal partition with the head wall of the block,

especially towards the part of the corner between the wall of

head of the block and the median longitudinal partition.

An execution variant provides for two partitions

longitudinal which extend parallel to each other

and are at a certain distance from the two walls

head of the block by forming between them at least one

median longitudinal cavity. This cavity can be

still subdivided, corresponding to the central axis

transverse of the block, by a transverse rib of

connection of the two longitudinal partitions. The

cavities can be fully opened either on the

upper side either on the support side, or they

may be at least partially closed or may have sectional narrowing in

correspondence of the upper side and the support side or in correspondence of only one of these sides.

Tilted bulkheads that are closer to

the transverse central axis of the block, can form a

cross drawing, and the virtual point of intersection of this cross drawing is on the central axis of the block, while the partitions inclined towards the sides of

head form two V truncated, opposite and oriented in the longitudinal direction of the block. This geometrical arrangement is particularly useful with regard to the division of the blocks into two halves

by a simple break. Indeed, the geometry of the partitions allows an exact separation of the two halves

and does not cause damage to the network structure

formed by the partitions between the cavities in each

half. The cage formed by the partitions is clearly divided into two halves having the same configuration and neither of the two halves should not be separated

for suffering structural damage.

The block can be made with different materials, in particular with concrete with

different types of aggregates, such as sand, gravel

river, quarry stone, granulated marble, pieces of colored glass and sand, pumice, lapilli or else waste from the work of cork oak and wood, and - in particular - expanded clay. The invention also provides other executive variants of the block, especially for special applications for the production of composite structures. It also provides for a composite structure built

with said blocks and comprising a reinforced concrete structure, produced in the head cavities and in the upper longitudinal horizontal grooves of the blocks, this structure forming beams and / or

horizontal cords and pillars and / or vertical beams, as a regular double network that repeats in the form of a cage.

Other improvements and other features of the invention form the subject of

dependent claims.

The description which follows, made with regard to

attached drawings given by way of nonlimiting example,

will allow a better understanding of the invention.

Figure 1 shows a plan view of the block

in a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 represents a plan view of the block produced according to FIG. 1 and incorporated in a

construction structure.

Figures 3 and 4 show a variant of

production of the block according to FIGS. 1 and 2, with a terminal square chamber, intended for the production and housing a terminal pillar of the structure.

Figures 5 to 7 show the block according to

previous figures in an embodiment which

makes it easier to divide the block into two halves,

being the block represented in whole form and in form

divided.

Figures 8 to 11 show different views

of a terminal part of the block for the finishing of a

structure made with the blocks according to the figures

preceding.

Figures 12 and 13 show sections

according to horizontal planes of a structure of

construction carried out with the blocks according to the figures

preceding.

Figure 14 shows a cross section

vertical of the structure according to FIGS. 12 and 13,

this cut being made according to different plans.

Figure 15 shows several sections

one next to the other and do according to different

longitudinal vertical planes.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a block

prefabricated for the realization of structures of

earthquake-resistant construction is made of concrete with

different types of aggregates, such as sand,

river gravel, quarry stone, granulate marble, pumice, lapilli, aggregates from work

wood, or expanded clay or other types

aggregates, either pure or combined with each other. The block

1 has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped,

whose head sides are formed by the faces

smaller, while the upper side and the side

lower support and the side faces are

formed by the faces having the major surface.

Each side of the head has a recess 2 which

extends from the upper side to the lower side and is

open on both sides. Both sides

longitudinal sides are smooth, while a

head side to the other head side of block 1 and in

position directly adjacent to the walls 3 forming the

two opposite side faces, block 1 has two

longitudinal grooves which end in the

head recesses 2 and which are intended for housing

a horizontal reinforcement structure and a casting

of concrete, indicated as a whole with 20.

The two walls 3 forming the vertical faces

longitudinal of block 1, are connected by a

plurality of partitions which delimit several cavities

intended to remain empty in the constructed structure

with blocks 1.

In the central part of the block, between the two vertical longitudinal walls 3 are provided -

symmetrically about the central longitudinal axis

of block 1 - two partitions 4 parallel to the walls

vertical longitudinal 3. These partitions are spaced

in a way that allows the division of the distance between

said longitudinal side walls 3 in three

equal parts. In coincidence with the transverse central vertical axis of block 1, the two partitions 4 are

connected by a vertical rib 5, perpendicular

to the said partitions 4 and thanks to which the space, which

is located between said two partitions 4, is divided into

two longitudinal cavities 6 arranged one next to

the other. The walls 3 constituting the faces

vertical longitudinal sections of block 1 are still connected

with partitions 4 by partitions 7, 8. Thanks to

this arrangement gives a network of partitions 4,

7, 8 delimiting a plurality of cavities or chambers

6 '. The partitions 7, 8 connecting the side walls

vertical 3 with the partitions 4, are inclined by

relative to the direction perpendicular to the walls 3 and

to partitions 4. Said partitions are arranged according to

a regular drawing which is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis and to the transverse axis of the block 1. In

particular, each quadrant of the block, defined by

said axes, has two inclined partitions 7, 8 forming a scalene triangle. One of the sides of this triangle is formed by the corresponding longitudinal partition. From a common intermediate point which is between the central point and the point of

connection to the heads 9 of the block, the two inclined partitions 7, 8 point in divergent directions, one towards the central vertical axis of the block 1,

say towards the barycenter of the block, which is on the vertical central axis of the rib 5 of union of the two longitudinal partitions 4, and the other towards the corner of connection of the partition 4 with the head 9. Said intermediate point common is chosen so that the

partition 7 moving towards the transverse central axis is shorter than partition 8 which ends in the corner of connection of partition 4 with head 9.

All this is done so that the inclined partitions 7, which are located closer to the transverse central axis, are aligned two by two with each other and

are arranged in an X shape, the center of which is

on the vertical central axis of the block, while the other inclined partitions form two V's, the

vertices lie in the vertical plane of the

corresponding head side of the block which contains the extreme edges of the vertical longitudinal walls 3 on the lateral faces of the block 1. All partitions are directed

perpendicular to the bottom side and the side

top of block 1. The cavities 6 'are open on

the bottom side of block 1, while they are

closed on the upper side, i.e.

correspondence with the bottom of the housing grooves 18

reinforced concrete connecting the different blocks 1 to each other.

The two central longitudinal cavities 6 are

also open on the upper side, with a

smaller opening than the one on the side

bottom of block 1.

This structure with a network of partitions 4, 5, 7, 8

provided between the cavities 6, 6 'and connecting the walls

on both sides of block 1, optimizes the

ratio between the volume of empty rooms and the

resistance of walls 3 to stresses

transverse. In particular, the forces exerted on

the partitions are broken down according to the laws well

known from statics by following the partitions

inclined, and are therefore better distributed over the

partitions 4, which constitute a kind of core of block 1.

The design of the network of partitions 4, 5, 6, 7 allows

thus obtaining very large empty chambers and a

remarkable resistance of block 1. The realization

particular of the drawing also allows to divide the block 1 - securely without any damage and, therefore, without any scrap and without waste - in two semi-blocks according to the direction of the length.

This possibility is illustrated in the figures

5 and 6 for an executive variant of the block. In this case, the block may present in its central vertical plane pre-established break points, these points

being formed by partial impairments of

walls 3 and the rib 5. In the case of FIGS. 5 to 7, in fact, the walls 3 have vertical thinning grooves 103, while the rib 5

connecting the two longitudinal vertical partitions 4 has a central weakening hole 105.

The executive variant of block 1 according to the figures

1 to 7 is characterized in that the two longitudinal halves of the block 1 have different designs

intermediate partitions.

In this case, in one half of the block there is no

parts of partitions corresponding to the longitudinal partitions 4 and to the inclined partitions 8 which are

connect to heads 9. Only the

inclined partitions 7 of the central structure has an X shape. In this way a single 6 "cavity is formed, which is open either on the upper side or on the side bottom of the block, and this cavity is used as

formwork for making a concrete pillar 17

armed.

In this executive variant of the block,

Head recess 2 is provided only on the side

head associated with half of the block retaining all the partitions 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, while the other half has only vertical grooves 13 useful for introducing elastic or other seals.

The particular construction of the block according to this executive variant allows the two halves of the block to be separated without any damage and also ensures that the

half of the block forming the formwork for the pillar of

reinforced concrete has a transverse partition on the head side along the separation plane.

Block measures can be chosen so that each half of block 1 has a square shape.

This allows the blocks 1 to be superimposed perpendicularly, for example in the corner parts of the structure (FIG. 13), and also ensures the

formation of a vertical housing chamber, that is to say the formation of a formwork for a pillar of reinforced concrete in said corner part of the construction structure.

In regions of high seismicity we use preferably an elastic seal in the part of

corner, as shown in figure 12, thanks to

vertical grooves 13. These are arranged either

on the head side 9 'of the block 1' or on the half

correspondent of one or both walls

longitudinal vertical 3, to ensure the

formation of housings for elastic joints,

when the blocks are arranged one on top of the other or are

offset by 90 ° in the corner part of the structure

of construction.

According to a preferred embodiment, the block

has a height and width of about 25 cm and

a length of about 50 cm, and more exactly a

height 24.5 cm, width 24.5 cm and a

length of 49.5 cm. We can also make blocks

whose measurements are double. Peripheral walls

3, 9 of the block have a thickness between

2.0 and 3.5 cm, preferably a thickness of 2.8 cm.

The longitudinal partitions 4 have, on the contrary,

a thickness between 2.0 and 3.0 cm, preferably a

2.4 cm thick, while the central rib of

connection 5 has a thickness between 3.0 and 4.0

cm, preferably a thickness of 3.2 cm. The length of this rib and consequently the width of the

longitudinal central cavities 6 are between 3.0 and 4.0 cm, and preferably have a value

about 3.6 cm.

The inclined partitions 7,8 have a height

smaller than that of the block, since they are

end on the bottom of the longitudinal grooves 18 on

the top side of the block, while their thickness

is a little smaller than that of the partitions

longitudinal 4. The grooves 13 for housing the

elastic connection seals and any

pre-established rupture parts 103, 105 of block 1, the

to form two semi-blocks, have depths

or thinning of the walls 3, 9 corresponding to

about half their thickness, while the

head recesses 2 have a depth of approximately 5 cm, being of the same measure, ie the

depth or the width of the longitudinal grooves 18.

Figures 12, 13, 14 and 15 show

some examples of construction structure made

with this block. The structure consists of a plurality

of blocks 1, l 'arranged one beside the other or

superimposed, and an assembly structure and

solidification in reinforced concrete, this structure being

consisting of a network or a double cage with

pairs of horizontal beams 20 which lie on the along the vertical longitudinal walls 3 of the blocks

in the housing grooves 18 on the sides

superiors, crossing with the vertical pillars

single 16 which are provided in the chambers formed

by the recesses 2 on the head sides 9 of the block 1.

When using the blocks 1 'according to FIGS. 3 to 7,

it is possible to provide, on the contrary, pillars

17 with a square or rectangular base and which are

housed in 6 "cavities and are also connected

with the longitudinal elements 20. As already described

previously, two adherent structures and forming a

corner can have 17 separate pillars and

can be connected together by joints

elastic (figure 12), or they can, on the contrary,

jointly present a single corner pillar 17, according to

contingent requirements.

Figure 15 shows vertical sections

longitudinal according to different planes of the structure

according to Figures 12 and / or 13.

To allow easy finishing of the edges of

head of structures built with blocks 1, l ',

especially at the place of doors, windows or

other openings, the invention also provides

the use of another head element 21 produced

with materials of the same kind of blocks. This element has a U-shape in horizontal section,

corresponding to that of the head recess 2 of the block

1. An example of this element is illustrated in

Figures 8 to 11. The depth of the recess in

the head element 21 corresponds to that of the recesses

2 of the block and allows for a vertical pillar 16

of the simple type. It is possible to provide an element

head 21 made with greater depth and

forming with block 1 a room for housing

of a pillar 17 with square or rectangular base.

In one of its faces aligned with the longitudinal faces of the block 1, the element 21 can have

a notch 121 for the insertion of the fixed frame or

sleeping from a door or window or everything

other finishing element.

Of course, the invention is not limited to

examples described and illustrated, but can be varied and

modified, especially in the field of equivalences

without deviating from the claimed principle of

solution.

Claims

1. Block for composite construction structures, in particular for antsismic construction structures, with at least one cavity

(6, 6 ', 6 ") or with a plurality of cavities separated by partitions (4, 5, 7, 8), and with grooves (2, 18, 13) provided at least along one of the sides, such as along the upper side, and in the sides of the heads (9), characterized in that the cavities (6, 6 ', 6 ") of the block have partitions (4, 5, 7, 8) between the two walls (3) forming the two longitudinal faces of the block, these partitions being composed of combinations of perpendicular (5), parallel (4) and inclined (7, 8) partitions with respect to the two longitudinal faces (3) of the block, forming a network for the decomposition of the forces which act on the walls (3) of these faces.

2. Block according to claim 1, characterized in that partitions (4, 5, 7, 8) of the cavities (6, 6 ', 6 ") are oriented perpendicular to the bearing side and to the upper side of the block, these sides being parallel to each other.

3. Block according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the void volume of the block (1, l ') in the composite structure is between 50% and 70% and corresponds in particular to 51%.

4. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that the network of

partitions (4, 5, 7, 8) for separating the cavities (6, 6 ',

6 ") forms a symmetrical design with respect to the axis

longitudinal and / or relative to the transverse axis of the

block (1).

5. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that at least one partition

longitudinal (4), parallel to the walls (3) of the faces

longitudinal of the block (1, l '), is found in a

central part between said two faces, being provided at least two pairs of inclined partitions (7,

8) which connect each side of the longitudinal partition

central (4) with the wall (3) of the corresponding

face of the block (1).

6. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that four pairs of

inclined partitions (7, 8) connect the partition

longitudinal center (4) with each of the two walls

longitudinal (3) of the block (1), each pair of

inclined partitions (7, 8) being associated with a half

of the block (1) divided transversely, while the two inclined partitions (7, 8) have their origin in a

common point in the wall (3) of the respective face of the block (1) e connect to the longitudinal partition

central (4) with different inclinations in

diverging between them, one towards the central axis

transverse and the other in the direction of the part

connecting the longitudinal bulkhead (4) with

the head wall (9) of the block (1), in particular towards

the corner part between the head wall (9) of the block

(1) and the central longitudinal partition (4).

7. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that it has two longitudinal partitions (4), parallel and spaced

between them and which end at a certain distance

of the two head walls (9) of the block (1), forming at

minus one continuous central longitudinal cavity (6).

8. Block according to claim 7, characterized in

what the cavity (6) between the two partitions

longitudinal (4) is divided into two parts

correspondence of the transverse central axis of the block by

a transverse rib (5) connecting the two

longitudinal partitions (4).

9. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that the cavities (6, 6 ',

6 ") can be fully opened either on the side

either on the support side of the block, or may be at least partially closed or may have section narrowing on one side or

well on both sides, upper and support,

block (1).

10. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that the partitions

inclined (7), located closer to the central axis

transverse of the block (1), can form a cross or X design, the virtual crossing point of this

cross or X drawing being provided in the plan

1 opening of the head recess (2) of the block (1).

11. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that it can be realized

made of different materials, especially concrete with

different types of aggregates, such as sand, gravel

river, quarry stone, granulated marble,

pieces of colored glass and sand, pumice, lapilli,

waste from the work of cork oak and wood,

expanded clay.

12. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that it presents

rupture parts pre-established in the vertical plane

transverse central, as weakenings (105, 103)

in the longitudinal peripheral walls (3) and in

the intermediate rib (5).

13. Block according to one of claims previous, characterized in that one half or a longitudinal end part of the block (1 ') has

a single cavity between the two longitudinal walls

(3), the head wall (9 ') and a transverse partition

continues (7, 5).

14. Block according to claim 13, characterized

in that the central longitudinal partitions

extend to the middle of the block (1 ') or to

the transverse rib (5), half of the block

devoid of these longitudinal partitions is also

devoid of inclined partitions (8) oriented towards the

head side (9), forming a cavity (6 ") which is open on the upper side and on the lower side

of the block and is intended to accommodate a pillar (17)

having a larger section and a shaped frame

parallelepiped, the head side (9 ') of the block being

devoid of the recess (2).

15. Block according to claim 14, characterized

in that its width is half its length.

16. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that in the head side

(9 ') without the recess (2) and in one or in

both adjacent parts of the walls

longitudinal side (3), are provided at least

one or preferably two vertical grooves (13) for housing elastic joints between blocks

adjacent (1 ').

17. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that it is arranged side by side

coast and superimposed with other blocks (1, l ')

in order to realize a construction structure

comprising a reinforced concrete structure made in

the head recesses (2), in the grooves

horizontal longitudinal upper (18) and in

the cavities (6 ") of the blocks (1, l '), this structure

comprising horizontal beams and / or cords

reinforced (20) and pillar and / or vertical beams

(16, 17), and forming a regular network in the form of a

double cage.

18. Block according to claim 17, characterized

in that in the corner parts or in the parts

of a composite construction structure

blocks according to claims 13 to 16 are provided.

19. Block according to claim 18, characterized

in that in the corner part of the structure of

construction, each branch of the structure present

end blocks according to claims 13 to 16,

and these blocks (1 ') are arranged with the head side

against the terminal half of the lateral face (3) of a

other block (l ¹ ) and are connected by joints elastic housed in the grooves (13), or said blocks are superimposed one to the other alternately

forming with the cavities (6 ") a vertical chamber

common for a corner pillar (17), being provided

semiblocks with a drawing of the partitions (4, 5, 7, 8) and

with cavities (6, 6 ') corresponding to those of

blocks (1).

20. Block according to one of claims

previous, characterized in that it is used with

end elements (21) having a U shape and which

form - in combination with the head recess (2)

on the free head side of the terminal block (1) - a

chamber for a vertical beam (17).

21. Block according to claim 21, characterized

in that the terminal element has at least one

corner part a notch (121) forming a housing for finishing elements or for frames

fixed or dormant doors and windows.

22. Block for composite structures of

construction and composite construction structures

made with this block, completely or partially

in accordance with the description and drawings and for

stated goals.