FR2861409A3 - Block e.g. brick, for construction of wall or floor in building, has inner walls extending along direction that is oblique with respect to outer walls and connected to adjacent outer walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The block has multiple cores (3) extending along its height or its length and delimited between outer walls (1), by the inner walls (1). A large part of the inner walls extends along the direction that is oblique with respect to the outer walls and is connected to the adjacent outer walls. The inner walls form two parallel sides of the block.

Description

1 DESCRIPTION

  The present invention relates to the field of the manufacture of building materials, in particular building blocks for the erection of walls or the realization of floors and is for such a building block.

  Currently, the building blocks generally used for the construction of walls are on the one hand, in the form of bricks or blocks connected together by mortar joints and on the other hand, in the form of slabs which are arranged between beams and used for the realization of floors.

  The bricks and slabs are made of terracotta by a series of extrusion, debiting, drying and firing operations, the blocks and some slabs being made of concrete by pouring and compression in molds and by drying in the mold. 'outdoors.

  These bricks, breeze blocks and existing slabs are in the form of parts provided with longitudinal or vertical cavities in the form of through-cells arranged in staggered rows. These cells provide, on the one hand, a thermal and acoustic insulation and, on the other hand, a lightening of the building blocks.

  However, the existing building blocks have the disadvantage of a parallel arrangement of the walls of the cells which has the consequence of obtaining longitudinal or vertical housing of quadrangular shape. As a result, for example, the slabs have a significant fragility static and dynamic loads which results in their destruction by vertical shear as soon as they are subjected to a point load more or less centered in their middle or close to their support on support beams.

  In the case of bricks or blocks, the vertical cells allow, certainly, good resistance to static loads but are not suitable to participate in a resistance to dynamic lateral loads such as those that may result from seismic shaking.

  In addition, the realization of the cells in quadrangular form, in particular of large section, especially in the case of slabs, has the additional disadvantage, for the clay building blocks, can not allow sufficient resistance to crushing when cutting by cutting wire at the exit of the dies.

  The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by providing a building block to obtain a better resistance to transverse loads and dynamic loads, by a better distribution of incident forces.

  For this purpose, the building block, which is provided with multiple cells extending along its height or length and delimited, between the outer walls, by internal walls, is characterized in that a large part of its inner walls. extend in oblique directions relative to the outer walls and are connected to adjacent outer walls or to each other.

  The invention will be better understood, thanks to the following description, which refers to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawings, in which: FIG. a cross-sectional view of a slab-like building block, and Fig. 2 is a plan view of another brick-shaped building block.

  Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings show building blocks in the form of slabs 1 or brick 2 which are provided with cavities 3 delimiting between their outer walls 1 'and 2', through internal walls 1 "and 2 ".

  According to the invention, a large part of the inner walls 1 "and 2" extend in oblique directions with respect to the outer walls and are connected to adjacent external walls or to each other. This arrangement of a large part of the inner walls 1 "and 2" in oblique directions with connection between two outer walls 1 'and 2' allows a better distribution of the forces exerted on the building block, statically or dynamically and, thus, a better resistance of said block to its efforts.

  For this purpose, according to a feature of the invention and as shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, which relates to a building block shaped slab 1, two inner walls 1 "extend obliquely and symmetrically from external walls forming two parallel sides of said block towards the wall forming a side adjacent to these two sides, to meet on the median part of said wall 1 ', their ends connected to the parallel sides preferably joining a node 4 extending near the support points 5 of this slab-shaped building block 1. Moreover, the wall forming the side opposite to that on which the oblique and symmetrical inner walls 1 "meet has knots 6 from which extend other oblique walls 1 "which are respectively connected to said oblique and symmetrical walls 1" via nodes 7 and, for two of between them, the nodes 4 extending close to the support points 5. Such an arrangement of the inner walls 1 "allows to realize, within the building block or slab 1 a truss-like structure tending to distribute the forces exerted on a wall towards the other walls.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, the building block 1 or 2 may be provided, in addition, internal walls 1 "or 2" extending perpendicular to two surfaces external parallels 1 'or 2' and advantageously interconnecting the nodes 6 provided on these outer walls and the nodes 7 at the intersection of the oblique inner walls 1 "or 2". This results in a triangulation of the farmhouse-shaped structure formed between the outer walls 1 'or 2'. Thus, in the case of realization of a slab-shaped building block, according to FIG. 1, the application of a vertical force on said slab has the consequence of distributing this force in an oblique direction joining the knots 4 and the points 5, so that the forces generated at the fulcrums 5 are not only shear forces on these bearing points 5, but also compressive forces tending to distance said support points 5. As a result, the wall 1 'opposite that of application of the force is subjected to a tensile force whose effects are reflected by the internal oblique walls 1 "which extend from the nodes 6 towards the symmetrical oblique walls 1 "and which are connected to its last nodes 7. Finally, the bending force exerted on the wall 1 'directly subjected to pressure is transferred to the opposite wall 1' by the walls in perpendicular to the nodes 6, from where it is again converted into a tensile or compressive force, so that a balance of forces is established resulting in a better strength of the building block 1 .

  In the particular case of a building block 2 in the form of bricks, nodes 6 of departure and arrival of internal walls 2 "are provided on all walls 2", these nodes 6 connecting oblique inner walls 2 "and or perpendicular internal walls 2 "to the outer walls 2 '. Thus, a block of quadrangular shape such as a brick 2 may have internal walls 2 "which extend perpendicularly to the outer walls 2 'and cut oblique internal walls 2" at intermediate intersection nodes 7.

  The result of such a provision is an important triangulation forces applied externally on a face of a brick, all the other faces of said brick, so that it has a very high resistance to transverse forces.

  This resistance to transverse forces is particularly interesting during the manufacture of bricks by extrusion, the crushing forces due to their cutting length or height through a cutting wire being very largely thwarted by the structure with triangulation according to the invention. The crush resistance when making terracotta slabs is improved in the same way.

  In addition, the production of the cells 3 by the arrangement of the inner walls 2 "of the brick-shaped building blocks 2 makes it possible to obtain bricks 2 which are particularly adapted to earthquake-resistant construction, the horizontal forces due to systemic shaking, which are mainly shear forces being very largely transformed into complex tensile and compressive bending forces, which are better absorbed by terracotta structures.

  In addition, in the case of manufacture of slabs, both in terracotta and concrete, the prediction of oblique internal walls, tending to transform the vertical loads on top of the slab into compression loads towards the points of the slab. support, also allows an improvement of the mechanical characteristics of such slabs.

  Thanks to the invention, it is possible to produce building blocks, such as bricks or slabs, mainly terracotta, but also other materials, such as concrete or other complexes obtained by pressing, allowing a very significant improvement in their transverse load resistance characteristics, namely essentially from above, with regard to the slabs, or from both the longitudinal and transverse sides, due to static supports or to dynamic loads such as those resulting from seismic shocks.

  As a result, the building blocks thus produced are ideally suited to seismic construction.

  Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (1)

6 claims   1. Construction block (1, 2) with multiple cells (3) extending along its height or length and delimited, between the outer walls (1 ', 2'), by internal walls (1 ", 2") characterized in that a large part of its inner walls (1 ", 2") extend in oblique directions with respect to the outer walls (1 ', 2') and are connected to adjacent outer walls ( 1 ', 2') or between them.   2. Building block, according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of the realization of a block-shaped slab (1), two inner walls (1 ") extend obliquely and symmetrically to from the outer walls (1 ') forming two parallel sides of said block towards the wall forming a side adjacent to these two sides, to meet on the middle part of said wall (I'), their ends connected to the parallel sides preferably joining a node (4) extending close to the bearing points (5) of this slab-shaped building block (1).   3. Building block according to claim 2, characterized in that the wall (1 ') forming the side opposite to that on which the oblique and symmetrical inner walls (1 ") meet has nodes (6) from which extend other oblique walls (1 ") which are respectively connected to said oblique and symmetrical walls (1") via nodes (7) and, for two of them, to the nodes (4) s extending near the fulcrums (5).   4. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is further provided with internal walls (1 "or 2") extending perpendicular to two parallel outer surfaces (1 or 2 ') and advantageously interconnecting the nodes 6 provided on these outer walls and the nodes (7) at the intersection of the oblique inner walls (1 "or 2").   5. Building block, according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of the realization of a block-shaped bricks (2) nodes (6) of departure and arrival of internal walls (2 " ) are provided on all the walls (2 "), these nodes (6) connecting oblique inner walls (2") and / or perpendicular inner walls (2 ") to the outer walls (2 ').   6. Building block according to claim 5, characterized in that it is of quadrangular shape and has internal walls (2 ") which extend perpendicularly to the outer walls (2 ') and which intersect oblique inner walls ( 2 ") at intermediate intersection nodes (7).