WO1997016330A2 - Vorrichtung zum einströmenlassen von unter druck stehendem gas in eine fahrzeugsicherheitsvorrichtung - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum einströmenlassen von unter druck stehendem gas in eine fahrzeugsicherheitsvorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997016330A2 WO1997016330A2 PCT/EP1996/004718 EP9604718W WO9716330A2 WO 1997016330 A2 WO1997016330 A2 WO 1997016330A2 EP 9604718 W EP9604718 W EP 9604718W WO 9716330 A2 WO9716330 A2 WO 9716330A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- support device
- support
- pressure
- opening
- supported
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
- B60R21/268—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous release of stored pressurised gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K13/00—Other constructional types of cut-off apparatus; Arrangements for cutting-off
- F16K13/04—Other constructional types of cut-off apparatus; Arrangements for cutting-off with a breakable closure member
- F16K13/06—Other constructional types of cut-off apparatus; Arrangements for cutting-off with a breakable closure member constructed to be ruptured by an explosion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/06—Closures, e.g. cap, breakable member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
- F17C2203/069—Break point in the wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0311—Closure means
- F17C2205/0314—Closure means breakable, e.g. with burst discs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0181—Airbags
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/1624—Destructible or deformable element controlled
- Y10T137/1632—Destructible element
- Y10T137/1692—Rupture disc
- Y10T137/1707—Disc burst after destruction of additional element
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for allowing gas under pressure to flow into a vehicle safety device, preferably an airbag.
- GB 2 277 984 A it is known to inflate an airbag with gas that comes from a compressed gas container.
- the compressed gas container has openings through which the pressurized gas can flow out in the event of a crash in order to inflate the airbag.
- These openings are sealed gas-tight by means of a disc or film.
- the disks or foils closing the openings are dimensioned such that they would burst under the compressive force of the enclosed compressed gas. They are therefore supported by means of a piston which rests on the outside of the openings in such a way that they cannot be destroyed due to the pressure force of the gas compressed in the gas pressure container.
- the object of the invention is, based on a prior art according to GB 2277984 A, to further develop a generic device such that it is protected with greater certainty against malfunctions.
- the device for allowing gas under pressure to flow into a vehicle safety device has a pressure container for compressed gas with at least one opening which is closed with a gas-tight film cover.
- the film cover is supported over at least a large part of its free area by a destructible or retractable support device which is in turn attached to the pressure vessel.
- the compressed gas generates, via the film cover, a force which is directed perpendicularly to the opening plane and to the outside and which acts on the supporting device, this force being in equilibrium with a reaction force of the supporting device which is retractable in a direction perpendicular to the opening plane.
- the device has a trigger arrangement which can be activated in the event of an accident and which causes the support device to be drawn in in such a way that the reaction force ceases, the support device initially having a short distance parallel to the opening diameter after activation of the trigger arrangement is moved to the opening plane and can then move freely over a longer distance perpendicular to the opening plane.
- the support device is first moved to the side for a short distance due to a forced movement, this distance being dimensioned such that the support device is not is more supported, but can fall freely into a correspondingly provided space perpendicular to the opening level.
- the device according to the invention ensures that the device supporting the film is moved away quickly in the event of a crash and without the risk of getting caught, so that the film closing the opening is destroyed due to the compressive force of the compressed gas and the release of the opening .
- the support device can consist of a frame which is firmly connected to the pressure vessel and a support part connected to this.
- the support device can be supported on the support frame at least over three points and the support can be lifted at least at one point in the event of a crash, so that the support device buckles and releases the film.
- the support device can be supported on the support frame at least along two lines, and the support can be lifted at least along one line, which also again releases the at least one opening of the pressure vessel.
- At least part of the support device can advantageously form a wall element of a chamber which is provided with a pyrotechnic charge which is ignited as a result of a crash, so that this wall element is blown away by the pressure generated as a result of the ignited pyrotechnic charge, again the support device is torn away from its position supporting the film cover.
- the support device can have a counter-pressure plate which essentially forms the support part and which is fixedly connected to a first part or is formed integrally therewith.
- the support device further comprises a second part which is connected to the frame on which the first part is supported, with at least the first part extending perpendicular to the opening plane in the assembled state.
- the support device is destroyed by the fact that parallel to the opening plane the first part is displaced in relation to the second part and that a recess is made opposite the second part in order to accommodate the first part after the support device has been destroyed. This ensures that this first part cannot jam below the film cover, so that the desired exposure of the film cover is ensured in the event of a crash.
- the first part of the destructible support device can advantageously be formed integrally with the counterpressure plate in such a way that together they form an L-shaped element.
- the counter-pressure plate can be designed such that its central area corresponds to a pressurization above a definable security pressure, i.e. a nominal pressure, is bulged in such a way that the first part of the support device is moved out of its initial position to such an extent that the entire support device is destroyed.
- a definable security pressure i.e. a nominal pressure
- a weakening line can be provided, which runs parallel to the opening plane, so that when a defined load is applied, the first part folds along the weakening line.
- FIG. 4 a perspective view of a detail of the embodiment according to FIG. 1, 5: a partial sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a partial sectional illustration of a third embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 1 the lower part of a gas pressure container 10 is shown, which is filled with a pressurized gas for filling an airbag, not shown here.
- the gas contained in the gas pressure container 10 has, for example, a nominal pressure of 200 bar.
- An opening 12 is provided centrally in the gas pressure container 10 and is closed by a gas-tight film 14.
- the gas-tight film 14 is dimensioned such that it alone cannot withstand the compressive force of the gas under pressure. Therefore, it is supported by a support device 16.
- the support device 16 is formed in a housing 18 which connects directly to the gas pressure container 10 and is fixedly connected to the latter.
- the support device 16 consists of a support part 20 which is integrally formed from a counter pressure plate 22 and a first part 24.
- the shape of the support part 20 is L-shaped.
- the support part 20 is supported in a linear manner on a frame 26 which forms part of the support device 16 and which is connected directly to the housing 18 and thus to the gas pressure container 10.
- the frame 26 has a second part 28 which abuts the first part 24 in a linear manner.
- the support part 20 thus rests on the frame 26 in such a way that the first part 24 of the support part 20 adjoins the second part 28 of the frame 26.
- the edge of the support plate 22 of the support part 20 rests on the wall region 30 lying opposite the first part 28, as is shown in FIG. 1.
- the frame 26 has approximately the shape of an armchair, as can also be seen in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4.
- a pyrotechnic charge 32 is arranged within the frame 26 and can be ignited via an electrical trigger device 34.
- the pyrotechnic charge 32 is encapsulated in the frame 26, an opening 36 being provided over which can emerge the pressure wave that forms after ignition of the pyrotechnic charge.
- FIG. 2 and 3 explain how the supporting part 20 is blown out of its initial position, in which the foil seal 14 is supported, after the pyrotechnic charge 32 has been ignited.
- a pressure wave has already developed in FIG. 2, which is indicated by the two arrows.
- An overpressure forms in the chamber 38 formed by the support part 24 and the frame 26, so that the support part 24 is pressed out of its position.
- An integrally formed lip 40 (see FIG. 1) is broken off, which is intended to prevent the first part 24 from slipping off the second part 28 unintentionally.
- this lip 40 is designed such that it breaks off when the pressure is applied appropriately and thus enables the supporting part 20 to be blown off, as is shown in FIG. 3.
- the supporting part 20 falls into an area next to the frame 26, as is shown in FIG. 3.
- the film cover 14 bursts under the pressure of the compressed gas, so that the compressed gas flows out of the pressure container 10 and inflates the airbag.
- the structure of the support device 16 is again illustrated in perspective in FIG. 4.
- the support part 20, which has been pulled apart here in the manner of an exploded view, is supported on the frame 26.
- a slightly modified embodiment is shown, in which a weakening line 40a is provided within the first part 24 of the support part 20, along which the first part, when there is a corresponding pressure development via the pyrotechnic charge, after actuation in the event of a crash , as shown in Fig. 6, buckles.
- the first part 24 is shown in broken lines in FIG. 6 if there is no buckling along the weakening line 40.
- 7 shows a further embodiment of the invention.
- the support device consists of a counterpressure plate 44, which is held by two parts 52 and 54 in the position supporting the film cover by means of overpressure.
- the part 52 has a T-shape in cross section, one part forming the counter pressure surface and another part resting on the part 54 in a linear manner.
- the part 54 is a wall-shaped part with a trapezoidal cross section, which is formed in one piece with the holder 42.
- a lip 56 is in turn formed, which breaks off when a stamp 51 is acted upon appropriately due to the ignition of a pyrotechnic charge 50, so that the part 52 is blown away, so that the film cover 14 again due to the excess pressure of the pressure vessel 10 stored gas bursts.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/066,327 US6206420B1 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1996-10-30 | Device for introducing pressurized gas into a vehicle safety device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19540618A DE19540618A1 (de) | 1995-10-31 | 1995-10-31 | Vorrichtung zum Einströmenlassen von unter Druck stehendem Gas in eine Fahrzeugsicherheitsvorrichtung |
DE19540618.4 | 1995-10-31 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997016330A2 true WO1997016330A2 (de) | 1997-05-09 |
WO1997016330A3 WO1997016330A3 (de) | 1997-07-03 |
Family
ID=7776312
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1996/004718 WO1997016330A2 (de) | 1995-10-31 | 1996-10-30 | Vorrichtung zum einströmenlassen von unter druck stehendem gas in eine fahrzeugsicherheitsvorrichtung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6206420B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19540618A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997016330A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002055348A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-07-18 | Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. | Inflator |
WO2003084785A1 (es) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-16 | Dalphi Metal España, S.A. | Contenedor de gas a presion |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29714518U1 (de) | 1997-08-13 | 1997-10-09 | Autoflator Ab | Vorrichtung zum Einströmenlassen von unter Druck stehendem Gas in eine Sicherheitsvorrichtung |
DE19739375B4 (de) | 1997-09-09 | 2005-07-28 | Welz Industrieprodukte Gmbh | Öffnungsvorrichtung für einen Gasdruckbehälter eines Airbags |
US7131663B1 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2006-11-07 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. | Inflator for inflatable vehicle occupant protection device |
DE19951672C2 (de) * | 1999-10-27 | 2003-09-11 | Petri Dn Gmbh Inflator Systems | Hybrid-Gasgenerator |
DE10031749A1 (de) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-10 | Welz Industrieprodukte Gmbh | Kaltgasgenerator |
US20020109339A1 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-15 | Trw Inc. | Air bag inflator with initiator retainer |
DE10112558B4 (de) * | 2001-03-15 | 2006-04-20 | Key Safety Systems, Inc., Sterling Heights | Vorrichtung zum Füllen eines Airbags |
US7332330B2 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2008-02-19 | Renamed Biologics, Inc. | Device for maintaining vascularization near an implant |
DE10202552B4 (de) * | 2002-01-24 | 2016-04-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Ventilanordnung für einen Druckbehälter eines Airbag-Gasgenerators |
WO2004045923A1 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-06-03 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Pressurized gas release mechanism |
DE10318888B3 (de) | 2003-04-17 | 2004-10-28 | Takata-Petri (Ulm) Gmbh | Gasgenerator für ein Insassenschutzsystem eines Fahrzeugs |
DE10333895A1 (de) * | 2003-07-22 | 2005-02-17 | Petri-Dn Gmbh Inflator Systems | Gasgenerator |
US7527290B2 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2009-05-05 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Pressurized gas release mechanism |
US7588265B2 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2009-09-15 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Pressurized gas release mechanism |
GB2417066B (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2006-12-06 | Autoliv Dev | Improvements in or relating to an inflator for an air-bag |
US7597354B2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2009-10-06 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Pressurized gas release mechanism |
WO2006075944A1 (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-20 | Autoliv Development Ab | An inflator for an air-bag |
US7914040B1 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2011-03-29 | Tk Holdings, Inc. | Cold gas generating system |
US7658406B2 (en) * | 2007-07-22 | 2010-02-09 | Key Safety Systems, Inc. | Venting device for an airbag inflator |
US7784827B2 (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2010-08-31 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Variable output using piezo valve technology |
DE112009002424B4 (de) * | 2008-10-23 | 2018-11-08 | Autoliv Development Ab | Druckbehälter |
US8235417B2 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2012-08-07 | Nxgen Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and method for releasing an inflation gas from an inflator |
EP2527210B1 (de) * | 2011-05-25 | 2013-12-25 | Autoliv Development AB | Aufblasgerät für einen Airbag |
DE102014201495B4 (de) * | 2013-12-12 | 2019-01-17 | Joyson Safety Systems Germany Gmbh | Gasgeneratorbaugruppe für ein Airbagmodul |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3209937A (en) * | 1960-10-07 | 1965-10-05 | Graviner Manufacturing Co | Electrical actuator for opening the outlet of a pressure vessel |
DE2224617A1 (de) * | 1971-09-23 | 1973-03-29 | Nissan Motor | Dichtungseinheit fuer einen druckgasgenerator einer kraftfahrzeug-sicherheitsvorrichtung |
GB1352053A (en) * | 1970-04-25 | 1974-05-15 | Nissan Motor | Vehicular safety device |
US4289327A (en) * | 1977-02-08 | 1981-09-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Air bag device for cars |
DE4311276A1 (de) * | 1993-04-06 | 1994-10-13 | Morton Int Inc | Gasgenerator |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2736459A (en) * | 1952-02-08 | 1956-02-28 | Pyrene Co Ltd | Means for the release of compressed fluids from containers |
US5290060A (en) * | 1992-12-14 | 1994-03-01 | Morton International, Inc. | Hybrid gas generator for air bag inflatable restraint systems |
DE9104577U1 (de) * | 1991-04-15 | 1991-07-04 | Trw Repa Gmbh, 7077 Alfdorf, De | |
GB2277984B (en) * | 1993-05-12 | 1996-06-12 | Autoliv Dev | Improvements in or relating to a gas generator |
GB9303507D0 (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1993-04-07 | Mono Pumps Ltd | Progressive cavity pump or motors |
US5458368A (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1995-10-17 | Cermak; Ronald | Collision sensor and actuation apparatus |
US5642903A (en) * | 1995-09-15 | 1997-07-01 | Trw Inc. | Consumable closure support for air bag inflator |
-
1995
- 1995-10-31 DE DE19540618A patent/DE19540618A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1996
- 1996-10-30 US US09/066,327 patent/US6206420B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-30 WO PCT/EP1996/004718 patent/WO1997016330A2/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3209937A (en) * | 1960-10-07 | 1965-10-05 | Graviner Manufacturing Co | Electrical actuator for opening the outlet of a pressure vessel |
GB1352053A (en) * | 1970-04-25 | 1974-05-15 | Nissan Motor | Vehicular safety device |
DE2224617A1 (de) * | 1971-09-23 | 1973-03-29 | Nissan Motor | Dichtungseinheit fuer einen druckgasgenerator einer kraftfahrzeug-sicherheitsvorrichtung |
US4289327A (en) * | 1977-02-08 | 1981-09-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Air bag device for cars |
DE4311276A1 (de) * | 1993-04-06 | 1994-10-13 | Morton Int Inc | Gasgenerator |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002055348A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-07-18 | Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. | Inflator |
US6612326B2 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2003-09-02 | Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. | Inflator |
WO2003084785A1 (es) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-16 | Dalphi Metal España, S.A. | Contenedor de gas a presion |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6206420B1 (en) | 2001-03-27 |
WO1997016330A3 (de) | 1997-07-03 |
DE19540618A1 (de) | 1997-05-07 |
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