WO1994014727A1 - Refractory compositions - Google Patents
Refractory compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994014727A1 WO1994014727A1 PCT/GB1993/002451 GB9302451W WO9414727A1 WO 1994014727 A1 WO1994014727 A1 WO 1994014727A1 GB 9302451 W GB9302451 W GB 9302451W WO 9414727 A1 WO9414727 A1 WO 9414727A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refractory
- inorganic binder
- composition according
- aluminium
- weight
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- KEZYHIPQRGTUDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[dithiocarboxy(methyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound SC(=S)N(C)CC(O)=O KEZYHIPQRGTUDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940001496 tribasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;silicic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010443 kyanite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052850 kyanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000034699 Vitreous floaters Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052849 andalusite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- AMVQGJHFDJVOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate octadecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O AMVQGJHFDJVOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- ZEMWIYASLJTEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J aluminum;sodium;disulfate;dodecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZEMWIYASLJTEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane;decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- NEKPCAYWQWRBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;carbonate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O NEKPCAYWQWRBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GNHOJBNSNUXZQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GNHOJBNSNUXZQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PHIQPXBZDGYJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PHIQPXBZDGYJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011823 monolithic refractory Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010944 pre-mature reactiony Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators or shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/0066—Compounds chosen for their high crystalwater content
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/025—Mixtures of materials with different sizes
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
- C04B33/1352—Fuel ashes, e.g. fly ash
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- C04B33/22—Grog products
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
- C04B35/6306—Binders based on phosphoric acids or phosphates
- C04B35/6313—Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phosphates
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/65—Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
- F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00431—Refractory materials
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
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- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
- C04B2235/428—Silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/61—Mechanical properties, e.g. fracture toughness, hardness, Young's modulus or strength
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- This invention relates to refractory compositions which are used in their dry state to produce refractory articles, for example linings for furnaces or metallurgical vessels such as ladles, tundishes or launders.
- Refractory products whether they be pre-formed articles for a particular application or linings for furnaces or metallurgical vessels are usually produced by methods, such as ramming, trowelling, spraying or casting, using wet refractory compositions in the form of an aqueous slurry or a moiildable or castable mass.
- Such methods have disadvantages in that they are time consuming since apart from the initial application or forming process they require a drying step and often additional calcining or sintering steps. It is also necessary to maintain the composition-in a suitable condition for application and this can be a problem because the solid materials tend to settle.
- Some of the methods, for example, spraying require relatively complex equipment which in use can become blocked, and all the wet methods require an on-site supply of water for producing the compositions in a form suitable for application.
- European Patent Application Publication No. 0064863 describes a method of applying a monolithic refractory layer within a metallurgical vessel using a substantially dry particuiate mixture comprising at least 70% by weight of refractory aggregate, at least 0.5% by weight of thermosetting resin, from about 0.5% to 10% by weight of an inorganic binder and optionally from about 0.5% to 10% of an inorganic hydrate.
- International Patent Application Publication No. WO 92/09542 describes a thermally activated, dry refractory composition which is used for the production of a new refractory lining or the repair of an existing refractory lining in a furnace or other high-temperature vessel.
- the composition may consist of from about 35% to about 85% by weight of a refractory aggregate and from about 15% to about 50% by weight of a hydrated material containing from about 5 to about 9 moles of chemically bound water in crystalline form, the water constituting from about 7% to about 35% by weight of the total composition.
- the hydrated material is present in a sufficient amount, with respect to the amount of chemically bound water contained therein, to provide moisture to the composition to cause self-flowability of the composition when the composition is applied to a hot surface to be lined or repaired.
- a substantially dry, self-hardening, thermally activated refractory composition comprising a particuiate refractory material, an inorganic binder having associated therewith chemically or physically bound water, and an element or compound which will react exothermically with the inorganic binder.
- the particuiate refractory material which preferably constitutes from about 70% to about 95% by weight of the composition, may be for example, silica, zircon, silicon carbide, alumina (corundum), magnesia (calcined magnesite), calcined dolomite, chrome magnesite, olivine, forsterite, mullite, kyanite, andalusite, chamotte, carbon or chromite, or a mixture of two or more of those materials.
- the composition may also contain low density particuiate refractory materials such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, diatomaceous earth or fly ash floaters in order to reduce the density of the cured composition if desired.
- low density particuiate refractory materials such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, diatomaceous earth or fly ash floaters in order to reduce the density of the cured composition if desired.
- Suitable inorganic binders having chemically bound water associated therewith are crystalline hydrated salts such as silicates, carbonates, sulphates, nitrates, borates or phosphates.
- These salts include sodium__metasilicate pentahydrate, sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, aluminum sulphate octadecahydrate, magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, sodium tetraborate decahydrate, magnesium carbonate trihydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, aluminium potassium sulphate dodecahydrate aluminium sodium sulphate dodecahydrate and tribasic sodium phosphate dodecahydrate.
- Sodium silicate pertahydrate and tribasic sodium phosphate dodecahydrate are preferred.
- suitable inorganic binders having physically bound water associated therewith are micro-encapsulated sodium silicate solution (waterglass) and micro-encapsulated aqueous aluminium orthophosphate solution.
- the inorganic binder (including the chemically or physically bound water) will constitute from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the refractory composition.
- the element or compound which will react exothermically with the inorganic binder may be for example ferrosilicon, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminium or cement, and will usually constitute from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the refractory composition. Aluminium is preferred and can be used as a powder or as small particles of foil.
- the composition an inhibitor for example a mineral or vegetable oil.
- the inhibitor will usually constitute from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the refractory composition.
- the substantially dry refractory compositions of the invention may be prepared by thoroughly mixing together the individual components.
- compositions may be used to produce refractory articles by various means, for example by filling a suitable mould, or in the case of the production of a lining in a metallurgical vessel by filling the space between the surface to be lined and a suitable former with the composition, and then locally heating the composition to initiate a hardening reaction between the inorganic binder and the element or compound which reacts exothermically with the binder.
- Local heating of the composition may be achieved by using a mould, former or vessel which is at least partly heated or by applying heat to a portion of the composition, for example by means of a gas torch.
- the refractory compositions of the invention are substantially dry flowable powders which may be readily used for a variety of applications, and in particular for producing facing or backing linings for furnaces or for metallurgical vessels such as ladles, tundishes, launders or pot cells used in the smelting of aluminium, and for producing refractory shapes.
- the compositions have a relatively short curing time so that shapes, linings etc. are ready for use relatively quickly, and they can be formulated so as to produce light-weight, highly heat-insulating articles.
- a substantially dry, self-hardening thermally activated refractory composition was prepared by mixing together the following components in the proportions indicated :-
- the composition was used to produce cylinders 50 mm in diameter and .50 mm in height by ramming the composition into cardboard tubes and curing by applying a bunsen burner flame on top of the rammed composition. The cured cylinders were stripped from the cardboard tubes after 10 minutes.
- the compression strength of some of the cylinders was measured at room temperature, and other cylinders were heated up to 1500°C at a rate of 400°C per hour and then cooled to room temperature at the same rate and their compression strength determined. The measurements were done on a hydraulic press fitted with a gauge giving valves in kp.
- the permeability of the cylinders was determined using a GF permeability tester of the type used for determining the permeability of foundry sand test cores.
- the density of cylinders was determined both before and after heating to 1500°C, and the volume expansion resulting from the heating to 1500°C was also measured.
- Example 2 A composition similar to that of Example 1 was prepared by mixing the following components in the proportions indicated :-
- Example 2 The composition was used and tested as described in Example 1 except that compression strengths were also determined on cylinders which had been heated to 500°C, 700°C, 1000°C and 1200°C respectively and then cooled. The average results obtained are listed below: -
- a substantially dry, self-hardening, thermally activated refractory composition for use as a metal casting ladle lining was prepared by mixing together the following compositions, A and B, in a weight ratio of 1: 1 for 15 minutes in a concrete mixer:
- the compression strength of the lining material was determined using the procedure described in Example 1 immediately after stripping, after heating to 1000°C and after heating to 1500°C.
- a typical refractory concrete of the type used to line ladles has the rate of heat loss of the order of 0.8 cal/cm ⁇ .s and a heat loss after 1 hour of 4000 cal/cm-2 when measured using the same equipment.
- Example 2 Some of the composition was tested as described in Example 1 so as to determine its cured room temperature compression strength and density.
- the cured composition had a compression strength of 61 N/cm-2 and a density of 0.9 g/cm 3 .
- a gas torch was then applied to the outside of the base of the ladle so as to trigger an exothermic reaction in the backing composition. After about 45 minutes the reaction had progressed throughout the whole of the backing and the composition had fully cured, and the lined ladle was then used for holding molten aluminium.
- Example 4 A composition identical to that described in Example 4 except that it contained tribasic sodium phosphate dodecahydrate instead of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate was prepared and tested.
- the cured composition had a compression strength of 186 N/cm2 and a density of 0.86 g/cm 3 .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94900937A EP0675862B1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-29 | Refractory compositions |
| BR9307724-6A BR9307724A (pt) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-29 | Composição refratária |
| CA002147247A CA2147247C (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-29 | Refractory compositions |
| AU55707/94A AU669769B2 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-29 | Refractory compositions |
| AT94900937T ATE150435T1 (de) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-29 | Feuerfeste zusammensetzungen |
| KR1019950702513A KR100241129B1 (ko) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-29 | 내화물 조성물 |
| JP6514899A JPH08507282A (ja) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-29 | 耐火材組成物 |
| DE69309105T DE69309105T2 (de) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-29 | Feuerfeste zusammensetzungen |
| US08/411,790 US6284688B1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-29 | Refractory compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9226662.6 | 1992-12-22 | ||
| GB9226662A GB9226662D0 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1992-12-22 | Refractory compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994014727A1 true WO1994014727A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
Family
ID=10726986
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1993/002451 WO1994014727A1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-29 | Refractory compositions |
Country Status (16)
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0814134A3 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1998-04-01 | Bet-Ker Oy | Coating composition and process for its application |
| WO2000001639A1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-01-13 | Foseco International Limited | Refractory compositions |
| WO2003104164A1 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-18 | The Welding Institute | Heat resistant product |
| WO2008060160A1 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-05-22 | Elkem As | Refractory dry powder for ladle and furnace linings for metallurgical vessels |
| WO2008060161A1 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-22 | Elkem As | Refractory compositions |
| WO2009010311A1 (de) * | 2007-07-14 | 2009-01-22 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ungeformter feuerfester werkstoff, ein verfahren zur erstellung eines erdfeuchten ungeformten feuerfesten werkstoffs sowie eine verwendung des ungeformten feuerfesten werkstoffs |
| CN107382292A (zh) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-24 | 贵州大学 | 一种环保型绿色茶具 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6416572B1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2002-07-09 | Foseco International Limited | Binder compositions for bonding particulate material |
| JP2004262727A (ja) * | 2003-03-04 | 2004-09-24 | Ryu Meiso | 軽質陶磁器の製造法 |
| US7083758B2 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2006-08-01 | Les Produits Industriels De Haute Temperature Pyrotek Inc. | Free flowing dry back-up insulating material |
| NO325204B1 (no) * | 2005-02-03 | 2008-02-25 | Elkem As | Torr eksoterm sammensetning for fremstilling av ildfaste produkter |
| CN1321944C (zh) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-20 | 郑州豫兴耐火材料有限公司 | 泥浆结合的抗热震耐火砖及其生产方法 |
| TWI421227B (zh) * | 2006-07-06 | 2014-01-01 | Vesuvius Crucible Co | 無水泥耐火物 |
| US8618006B2 (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2013-12-31 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Cement-free refractory |
| CH699405B1 (de) * | 2008-08-26 | 2021-06-15 | Mokesys Ag | Feuerfeste Wand, insbesondere für einen Verbrennungsofen. |
| CN101462887B (zh) * | 2009-01-08 | 2012-07-18 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种干式镁钙质自流耐火材料及其制备方法 |
| PL2251443T3 (pl) | 2009-05-06 | 2012-03-30 | Foseco Int | Kadź obróbcza |
| JP5692216B2 (ja) | 2010-03-11 | 2015-04-01 | 三菱化学株式会社 | シリコンの製造方法および治具 |
| WO2011163587A1 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-29 | Board Of Governors For Higher Education,State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations | Self-mending composites incorporating encapsulated mending agents |
| JP5738096B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-30 | 2015-06-17 | 前島 福夫 | 飲料容器 |
| DE102013004101B4 (de) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-12-24 | SICcast Mineralguß GmbH & Co. KG | Zusammensetzung, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundwerkstoffs, Verwendung der Zusammensetzung sowie Verbundwerkstoff |
| US11958103B2 (en) | 2018-07-09 | 2024-04-16 | Kao Corporation | Inorganic coated sand |
| KR20220117333A (ko) | 2019-12-24 | 2022-08-23 | 럿거스, 더 스테이트 유니버시티 오브 뉴 저지 | 주조 요소, 및 저온 응고를 이용한 상기 주조 요소의 제조 방법 |
| CN113732273B (zh) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-12-06 | 东营嘉扬精密金属有限公司 | 一种环保型冒口保温剂及其制备方法 |
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| US4168177A (en) * | 1977-04-04 | 1979-09-18 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Refractory gunning composition |
| GB2018410A (en) * | 1978-04-04 | 1979-10-17 | Tisza Bela & Co | Tundish lid |
| EP0065034A1 (de) * | 1981-05-16 | 1982-11-24 | Chamotte- und Tonwerk Kurt Hagenburger | Verfahren zum Auskleiden von ein Dauerfutter aufweisenden Aggregaten |
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| SU1599346A1 (ru) * | 1988-02-01 | 1990-10-15 | Иркутский филиал Всесоюзного научно-исследовательского и проектного института алюминиевой, магниевой и электродной промышленности | Шихта дл изготовлени огнеупорного материала и способ ее изготовлени |
| EP0426848A1 (de) * | 1989-04-28 | 1991-05-15 | Kazakhsky Mezhotraslevoi Nauchno-Tekhnichesky Tsentr Svs | Feuerfestes material |
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| US2499729A (en) | 1943-06-11 | 1950-03-07 | Daussan Henri Jean | Refractory compositions for use in foundry and the like |
| US4028122A (en) * | 1973-06-18 | 1977-06-07 | Greenewald Jr Herbert | Porous refractory shapes |
| JPS57184884A (en) | 1981-05-08 | 1982-11-13 | Fuaizaa Kuiguree Kk | Protective layer for metallurgical vessel |
| US4432799A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1984-02-21 | Salazar Paul V | Refractory compositions and method |
| DE3326270C2 (de) * | 1983-07-21 | 1985-06-05 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines feuerfesten Leichtsteines |
| US4871495A (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-10-03 | The Duriron Company, Inc. | Process for producing porous ceramic filter for filtering of particulates from diesel exhaust gases |
| US4814300A (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-03-21 | The Duriron Company, Inc. | Porous ceramic shapes, compositions for the preparation thereof, and method for producing same |
| JP2778990B2 (ja) | 1989-06-15 | 1998-07-23 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 航空機用ラジアルタイヤ |
| TW265327B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1990-05-14 | 1995-12-11 | Minteq Internat Inc | |
| JP2928625B2 (ja) | 1990-11-22 | 1999-08-03 | ミンテックジャパン株式会社 | 焼付補修材 |
-
1992
- 1992-12-22 GB GB9226662A patent/GB9226662D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-11-29 KR KR1019950702513A patent/KR100241129B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-29 EP EP94900937A patent/EP0675862B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-29 JP JP6514899A patent/JPH08507282A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1993-11-29 DE DE69309105T patent/DE69309105T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-29 BR BR9307724-6A patent/BR9307724A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-29 AT AT94900937T patent/ATE150435T1/de active
- 1993-11-29 AU AU55707/94A patent/AU669769B2/en not_active Expired
- 1993-11-29 ES ES94900937T patent/ES2099570T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-29 CA CA002147247A patent/CA2147247C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-29 WO PCT/GB1993/002451 patent/WO1994014727A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-11-29 US US08/411,790 patent/US6284688B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-06 IN IN872MA1993 patent/IN182871B/en unknown
- 1993-12-08 ZA ZA939201A patent/ZA939201B/xx unknown
- 1993-12-09 TW TW82110419A patent/TW304935B/zh active
- 1993-12-14 MX MX9307923A patent/MX9307923A/es unknown
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4168177A (en) * | 1977-04-04 | 1979-09-18 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Refractory gunning composition |
| GB2018410A (en) * | 1978-04-04 | 1979-10-17 | Tisza Bela & Co | Tundish lid |
| EP0065034A1 (de) * | 1981-05-16 | 1982-11-24 | Chamotte- und Tonwerk Kurt Hagenburger | Verfahren zum Auskleiden von ein Dauerfutter aufweisenden Aggregaten |
| JPS59217679A (ja) * | 1983-05-26 | 1984-12-07 | 川崎炉材株式会社 | 乾式不定形耐火物 |
| SU1599346A1 (ru) * | 1988-02-01 | 1990-10-15 | Иркутский филиал Всесоюзного научно-исследовательского и проектного института алюминиевой, магниевой и электродной промышленности | Шихта дл изготовлени огнеупорного материала и способ ее изготовлени |
| EP0426848A1 (de) * | 1989-04-28 | 1991-05-15 | Kazakhsky Mezhotraslevoi Nauchno-Tekhnichesky Tsentr Svs | Feuerfestes material |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Week 8504, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 85-022151 * |
| DATABASE WPI Week 9125, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 91-183832 * |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0814134A3 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1998-04-01 | Bet-Ker Oy | Coating composition and process for its application |
| WO2000001639A1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-01-13 | Foseco International Limited | Refractory compositions |
| WO2003104164A1 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-18 | The Welding Institute | Heat resistant product |
| WO2008060161A1 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-22 | Elkem As | Refractory compositions |
| WO2008060160A1 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-05-22 | Elkem As | Refractory dry powder for ladle and furnace linings for metallurgical vessels |
| WO2009010311A1 (de) * | 2007-07-14 | 2009-01-22 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ungeformter feuerfester werkstoff, ein verfahren zur erstellung eines erdfeuchten ungeformten feuerfesten werkstoffs sowie eine verwendung des ungeformten feuerfesten werkstoffs |
| US8236720B2 (en) | 2007-07-14 | 2012-08-07 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Unshaped refractory material, a process for producing an earth-moist, unshaped refractory material, and use of the unshaped refractory material |
| EA017320B1 (ru) * | 2007-07-14 | 2012-11-30 | Рифрэктори Интеллектуал Проперти Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг | Неформованный огнеупорный материал, способ получения землисто-влажного неформованного огнеупорного материала, а также применение неформованного огнеупорного материала |
| CN107382292A (zh) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-24 | 贵州大学 | 一种环保型绿色茶具 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5570794A (en) | 1994-07-19 |
| BR9307724A (pt) | 1999-08-31 |
| TW304935B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1997-05-11 |
| ATE150435T1 (de) | 1997-04-15 |
| MX9307923A (es) | 1994-06-30 |
| KR100241129B1 (ko) | 2000-02-01 |
| EP0675862A1 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
| GB9226662D0 (en) | 1993-02-17 |
| AU669769B2 (en) | 1996-06-20 |
| US6284688B1 (en) | 2001-09-04 |
| ES2099570T3 (es) | 1997-05-16 |
| CA2147247A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
| KR950704210A (ko) | 1995-11-17 |
| JPH08507282A (ja) | 1996-08-06 |
| CA2147247C (en) | 2003-04-29 |
| DE69309105T2 (de) | 1997-08-21 |
| EP0675862B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
| DE69309105D1 (de) | 1997-04-24 |
| IN182871B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1999-07-31 |
| ZA939201B (en) | 1994-08-08 |
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