WO2008060161A1 - Refractory compositions - Google Patents

Refractory compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008060161A1
WO2008060161A1 PCT/NO2007/000391 NO2007000391W WO2008060161A1 WO 2008060161 A1 WO2008060161 A1 WO 2008060161A1 NO 2007000391 W NO2007000391 W NO 2007000391W WO 2008060161 A1 WO2008060161 A1 WO 2008060161A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
aluminium
alumina
refractory
total
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2007/000391
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Lemaire
Jacques Poirier
Rachelle Omnee
Original Assignee
Elkem As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elkem As filed Critical Elkem As
Publication of WO2008060161A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008060161A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62204—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
    • C04B35/62209—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse using woody material, remaining in the ceramic products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/02—Linings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
    • C04B2235/402—Aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to refractory compositions for use in the production of refractory articles such as furnace linings, ladle linings and linings for metallurgical vessels.
  • Refractory products are generally made using wet refractory compositions, however, it is preferable to use a dry technique in which the refractory composition is used in its dry state. This avoids the need for a separate drying step.
  • a dry technique is known, for example, from EP-A-64863.
  • One exothermic material known to be suitable for incorporation into a refractory composition is aluminium powder.
  • aluminium powder is effective, it can suffer a drawback in that in its elemental form, it is sometimes difficult to obtain a homogeneous distribution of the aluminium powder in the refractory mixture and thereby an even temperature and curing of the mixture when it is heated.
  • a refractory composition for the production of refractory articles comprising an exothermic material, fine particulate andalusite and fine particulate alumina.
  • This composition has been found to be particularly suited for iron and steel ladle applications.
  • the andalusite is preferably present in the range 0.1 to 5 wt % of the total composition, more preferably 0.5 to 2 wt %.
  • the alumina is preferably present in the range 0.1 to 5 wt % of the total composition, more preferably 0.5 to 2 wt %.
  • the andalusite preferably has a maximum mean particle size of 100 ⁇ m and a more preferred mean particle size in the range 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the alumina preferably has a maximum mean particle size of 100 ⁇ m, and a more preferred mean particle size in the range 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the exothermic material is aluminium or an aluminium based alloy with a high content of aluminium.
  • the aluminium content is above 40% by weight and more preferably above 70%, for example, 80%.
  • the aluminium can be aluminium foil, aluminium granules, aluminium chips, aluminium sawings and/or aluminium ash.
  • the aluminium ash may be a powder or granular material comprising elemental aluminium and other materials of a refractory nature, such as alumina.
  • the individual particles comprise an intimate admixture of these components.
  • the aluminium ash consists of aluminium particles surrounded by alumina. In the context of the refractory composition, this ash is exothermic.
  • the ash preferably comprises largely elemental aluminium and alumina.
  • the elemental aluminium may represent from 10 to 30 wt % of the ash, preferably about 15 to 25 wt %, e.g. about 20 wt %.
  • the composition may also contain aluminium foil powder.
  • the amount present may be up to 8 wt % preferably in the range 3 to 7 wt %.
  • the total elemental aluminium present represents at least 15 wt % of the total composition.
  • compositions according to the invention incorporating finely divided Andalusite and alumina are more wear resistant than known compositions without these two components.
  • the composition containing andalousite and alumina is heated to a high temperature (140O 0 C)
  • the compound mulite will form.
  • This compound is very refractory as it melts at 1800 0 C.
  • a separate curing step is therefore not needed, as the iron or steel baths are well about 1400 0 C and so curing and the formation of mulite will take place in situ, when the composition is used in such an application.
  • the composition additionally includes a binder, preferably inorganic.
  • Suitable binders include silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates and borates. Particularly preferred binders are sodium salts, such as metasilicates.
  • composition according to the invention may consist of only the exothermic material, andalusite, alumina ash and binder, but preferably the composition also contains other particulate refractory materials.
  • the particulate refractory material can be any suitable material, such as, bauxite, chamotte, alumina, silica, zirconia, fosterite, mullite, magnesia, kyanite, andalusite, silicon carbide and any combination of these. Particularly preferred are bauxite and chamotte.
  • the particulate refractory material represents from 10 to 50% wt % of the total composition.
  • at least one of the components has water either chemically or physically bound to it.
  • the water may be bound to the particulate material or may be bound to the binder. Most preferably, it is bound to the binder as water of crystallisation so that the binder is preferably a hydrated crystalline salt.
  • the composition may also include various other components which may be organic, such as wood flour, cellulose, fibres, granules and particles.
  • the refractory composition comprises:
  • the invention also extends to products made from these compositions and methods for their production using the compositions.
  • a preferred composition comprises, in wt %:
  • a more preferred composition comprises, in wt %:
  • a refractory composition was made by mixing together the following components. The percentages are by weight of the total composition (unless otherwise indicated).
  • Aluminium alloy 22% (80% of Al metalic content)
  • Material from Example 1 was tested for wear resistance according to the following technique. First, samples of the composition were heat treated to various temperatures between 500 0 C and 1400 0 C and each sample was formed into a solid refractory part. The parts were weighed and then each was placed in a ball mill in the form of a metal cylinder with 30Og of stainless steel balls.
  • Figure 1 is a graph of % weight loss against time and shows the performance of the samples compared against a control sample with no andalusite or alumina. As can be seen, the part from the control sample without these constituents disintegrated after about 4 minutes while the parts from samples according to the invention showed a significantly better wear resistance that increased with increasing curing temperature.

Abstract

A refractory composition for making refractory articles such as furnace linings, ladle linings and linings for metallurgical vessels. The composition includes aluminium, which acts as an exothermic material and in addition, fine particulate andalusite and alumina.

Description

Title of Invention
Refractory compositions.
Field of Invention
The present invention relates to refractory compositions for use in the production of refractory articles such as furnace linings, ladle linings and linings for metallurgical vessels.
Background Art
Refractory products are generally made using wet refractory compositions, however, it is preferable to use a dry technique in which the refractory composition is used in its dry state. This avoids the need for a separate drying step. Such a technique is known, for example, from EP-A-64863.
It is often desirable to prolong the time the refractory composition remains in a molten state during formation into the desired product. This can be achieved by incorporating an exothermic material in the refractory composition. Such a technique is known, for example, from WO 97/35677.
One exothermic material known to be suitable for incorporation into a refractory composition is aluminium powder.
However, aluminium powder is effective, it can suffer a drawback in that in its elemental form, it is sometimes difficult to obtain a homogeneous distribution of the aluminium powder in the refractory mixture and thereby an even temperature and curing of the mixture when it is heated.
An improved refractory composition incorporating an exothermic material is disclosed in WO 2006 091105, in which the exothermic material is aluminium ash. However, for some applications, it is desirable for the refractory articles made from the material to have an increased mechanical and wear resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the present invention, there is provided a refractory composition for the production of refractory articles, comprising an exothermic material, fine particulate andalusite and fine particulate alumina.
This composition has been found to be particularly suited for iron and steel ladle applications.
The andalusite is preferably present in the range 0.1 to 5 wt % of the total composition, more preferably 0.5 to 2 wt %. The alumina is preferably present in the range 0.1 to 5 wt % of the total composition, more preferably 0.5 to 2 wt %. The andalusite preferably has a maximum mean particle size of 100 μm and a more preferred mean particle size in the range 0.5 to 10 μm. The alumina preferably has a maximum mean particle size of 100 μm, and a more preferred mean particle size in the range 0.5 to 10 μm.
Preferably, the exothermic material is aluminium or an aluminium based alloy with a high content of aluminium. Preferably, the aluminium content is above 40% by weight and more preferably above 70%, for example, 80%. The aluminium can be aluminium foil, aluminium granules, aluminium chips, aluminium sawings and/or aluminium ash.
The aluminium ash may be a powder or granular material comprising elemental aluminium and other materials of a refractory nature, such as alumina. The individual particles comprise an intimate admixture of these components. Normally the aluminium ash consists of aluminium particles surrounded by alumina. In the context of the refractory composition, this ash is exothermic. The ash preferably comprises largely elemental aluminium and alumina. The elemental aluminium may represent from 10 to 30 wt % of the ash, preferably about 15 to 25 wt %, e.g. about 20 wt %.
The composition may also contain aluminium foil powder. The amount present may be up to 8 wt % preferably in the range 3 to 7 wt %. Preferably, the total elemental aluminium present represents at least 15 wt % of the total composition.
It has been found that compositions according to the invention, incorporating finely divided Andalusite and alumina are more wear resistant than known compositions without these two components.
When the composition containing andalousite and alumina is heated to a high temperature (140O0C), the compound mulite will form. This compound is very refractory as it melts at 18000C. A separate curing step is therefore not needed, as the iron or steel baths are well about 14000C and so curing and the formation of mulite will take place in situ, when the composition is used in such an application.
Preferably the composition additionally includes a binder, preferably inorganic. Suitable binders include silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates and borates. Particularly preferred binders are sodium salts, such as metasilicates.
The composition according to the invention may consist of only the exothermic material, andalusite, alumina ash and binder, but preferably the composition also contains other particulate refractory materials.
The particulate refractory material can be any suitable material, such as, bauxite, chamotte, alumina, silica, zirconia, fosterite, mullite, magnesia, kyanite, andalusite, silicon carbide and any combination of these. Particularly preferred are bauxite and chamotte.
Preferably, the particulate refractory material represents from 10 to 50% wt % of the total composition. Preferably at least one of the components has water either chemically or physically bound to it. The water may be bound to the particulate material or may be bound to the binder. Most preferably, it is bound to the binder as water of crystallisation so that the binder is preferably a hydrated crystalline salt.
The composition may also include various other components which may be organic, such as wood flour, cellulose, fibres, granules and particles.
Preferably, the refractory composition comprises:
15-30 wt % aluminium
30-70 wt % particulate refractory material
4-10 wt % inorganic binder
0.1-5 wt % and alusite
0.1-5 wt % alumina
and optionally up to 8 wt % organic material
up to a total of 100 wt %.
The invention also extends to products made from these compositions and methods for their production using the compositions.
A preferred composition comprises, in wt %:
Wood flour 0-5
Aluminum 15-30
Chamotte 35-50
Bauxite 20-40
Sodium metasilicate 4-10 Andalousite 0.1-5
Alumina 0.1-5
A more preferred composition comprises, in wt %:
Wood flour 0-5-2
Aluminum 18-25
Chamotte 40-45
Bauxite 25-35
Sodium metasilicate 5-7
Andalousite 0.5-2
Alumina 0.5-2
The invention may be carried into practice in various ways and one embodiment will now be described in the following non-limiting Example.
Example
A refractory composition was made by mixing together the following components. The percentages are by weight of the total composition (unless otherwise indicated).
Aluminium alloy 22% (80% of Al metalic content)
Bauxite 27%
Chamotte Balance (41-44%)
Wood flour 1%
Sodium metasilicate 5,5% Andalusite 0.5%
Alumina 0.5%
Material from Example 1 was tested for wear resistance according to the following technique. First, samples of the composition were heat treated to various temperatures between 5000C and 14000C and each sample was formed into a solid refractory part. The parts were weighed and then each was placed in a ball mill in the form of a metal cylinder with 30Og of stainless steel balls.
The cylinders were rotated and the parts re-weighed after certain periods of time. The weight loss for each part was calculated as a function of time and the results are shown in the graph of Figure 1.
Figure 1 is a graph of % weight loss against time and shows the performance of the samples compared against a control sample with no andalusite or alumina. As can be seen, the part from the control sample without these constituents disintegrated after about 4 minutes while the parts from samples according to the invention showed a significantly better wear resistance that increased with increasing curing temperature.

Claims

Claims
I . A refractory composition for the production of refractory articles, comprising an exothermic materia!, fine particulate andalusite, and fine . particulate alumina.
2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 , in which the andalusite and the alumina are each present as 0.1 to 5 wt % of the total composition.
3. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which both the andalusite and the alumina have a maximum mean particle size of 100 μm.
4. A composition as claimed in any preceding Claim, in which the exothermic material is aluminium.
5. A composition as claimed in Claim 4, in which the total elemental aluminium present represents at least 15 wt % of the total composition.
6. A composition as claimed in Claim 5, in which the elemental aluminium content is in the range 15 to 30 wt %.
7. A composition as claimed in Claim 5 or Claim 6, in which a portion of the alumina is present as aluminium ash.
8. A composition as claimed in Claim 7, in which the aluminium ash comprises elemental aluminium and oxide.
9. A composition as claimed in Claim 8, in which the elemental aluminium content of the ash is from 10 to 25 wt %.
10. A composition as claimed in anyone of Claims 7 to 9, in which the aluminium ash represents from 50 to 90 wt % of the total composition.
I I . A composition as claimed in any preceding Claim, additionally comprising aluminium foil powder.
12. A composition as claimed in any preceding Claim, additionally comprising at least one particulate refractory material.
13. A composition as claimed in Claim 12, in which the particulate refractory material is bauxite and/or chamotte.
14. A composition as claimed in Claim 13, in which particulate refractory material represents at least 30 wt % of the total composition.
15. A composition as claimed in any preceding Claim, additionally comprising a binder.
16. A composition as claimed in Claim 15, in which the binder is inorganic.
17. A composition as claimed in Claim 16 in which the binder is sodium metasilicate.
18. A composition as claimed in any preceding Claim, in which at least one of the components has water either chemically or physically bound to it.
19. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 , comprising
15-30 wt % aluminium
40-70 wt % particulate refractory material
4-10 wt % inorganic binder
0.1-5 wt % andalusite
0.1-5 wt % alumina
and optionally up to 5 wt % organic material
up to a total of 100 wt %.
PCT/NO2007/000391 2006-11-13 2007-11-07 Refractory compositions WO2008060161A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20065188 2006-11-13
NO20065188A NO20065188L (en) 2006-11-13 2006-11-13 Refractory compositions

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008060161A1 true WO2008060161A1 (en) 2008-05-22

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WO (1) WO2008060161A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2502892A1 (en) 2011-03-21 2012-09-26 Center for Abrasives and Refractories Research & Development C.A.R.R.D. GmbH Shaped or unshaped refractory or kiln furniture composition
CN110372338A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-10-25 贵州大学 A method of Brown Alundum is prepared using Powder bauxite and lime-ash

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1942879A (en) * 1931-05-07 1934-01-09 Champion Spark Plug Co Refractory material and batch and method for making the same
GB2176773A (en) * 1985-06-24 1987-01-07 Dresser Ind Abrasion resistant refractory castable composition
WO1994014727A1 (en) * 1992-12-22 1994-07-07 Foseco International Limited Refractory compositions
US5766689A (en) * 1995-05-11 1998-06-16 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Spray operation method for monolithic refractories
WO2006091105A1 (en) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-31 Elkem As Refractory compositions

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1942879A (en) * 1931-05-07 1934-01-09 Champion Spark Plug Co Refractory material and batch and method for making the same
GB2176773A (en) * 1985-06-24 1987-01-07 Dresser Ind Abrasion resistant refractory castable composition
WO1994014727A1 (en) * 1992-12-22 1994-07-07 Foseco International Limited Refractory compositions
US5766689A (en) * 1995-05-11 1998-06-16 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Spray operation method for monolithic refractories
WO2006091105A1 (en) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-31 Elkem As Refractory compositions

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2502892A1 (en) 2011-03-21 2012-09-26 Center for Abrasives and Refractories Research & Development C.A.R.R.D. GmbH Shaped or unshaped refractory or kiln furniture composition
WO2012126906A1 (en) 2011-03-21 2012-09-27 Center For Abrasives And Refractories Research & Development C.A.R.R.D. Gmbh Shaped or unshaped refractory or kiln furniture composition
US9040442B2 (en) 2011-03-21 2015-05-26 Center For Abrasives And Refractories Research & Development C.A.R.R.D. Gmbh Shaped or unshaped refractory or kiln furniture composition
CN110372338A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-10-25 贵州大学 A method of Brown Alundum is prepared using Powder bauxite and lime-ash

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20065188L (en) 2008-05-14

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