WO1993016444A1 - Data carrier system - Google Patents
Data carrier system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993016444A1 WO1993016444A1 PCT/JP1993/000200 JP9300200W WO9316444A1 WO 1993016444 A1 WO1993016444 A1 WO 1993016444A1 JP 9300200 W JP9300200 W JP 9300200W WO 9316444 A1 WO9316444 A1 WO 9316444A1
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- Prior art keywords
- signal
- data carrier
- data
- circuit
- fixed facility
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
- G06K7/10029—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot
- G06K7/10039—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot interrogator driven, i.e. synchronous
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fixed facility that performs two-way data communication without contact with a data carrier mainly powered by a power source, which is separated by more than a few centimeters and the distance of which is always variable, and particularly a short distance. This is related to measures to prevent interference between fixed facilities when multiple fixed facilities are installed side by side and each fixed facility communicates with a data carrier.
- Detakiya Li itself has a built-in battery
- a built-in battery type and a non-powered type that uses a rectified voltage as a power source after receiving an electromagnetic signal transmitted from a fixed facility without a battery.
- a communication method a one-way communication method in which data stored in a data carrier is transmitted only to a fixed facility, a method in which data stored in a data carrier is rewritten by data transmitted from a fixed facility, and There is a two-way communication system that transmits data from the carrier to the fixed facility.
- the frequency of the AC magnetic field generated by the fixed facility is different from the frequency of the AC magnetic field generated by the data carrier.
- the present application is mainly directed to a non-power-supply two-way communication system and a one-frequency system.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-12353 discloses a two-frequency system, which is a non-powered two-way communication system similar to the present invention. Furthermore, there are Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-19591, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-12352, USP3964024, USP4129855, etc. which are related to the one-way communication system with no power supply, and are particularly related to the present invention. Although it is a one-frequency system without power supply, there is Japanese Patent Publication No.
- each of the above-mentioned conventional examples is a technology for a system using one fixed facility and one data carrier.A plurality of fixed facilities are juxtaposed within a short distance, and each fixed facility has its own individual No consideration has been given to the interference problem between fixed facilities that occurs when communication with data carriers is performed in parallel.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2-291091, 2-273465, and 4-692 of the two-way communication system merely disclose the concept of a two-way communication system. Although there is no specific disclosure regarding the communication method, it is considered that the two-frequency method has been adopted since all of them have a built-in battery method if they are strongly examined.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-12353 adopts the dual frequency system as described above.In the case of such a dual frequency system, the two types of frequencies are separated by different filters. It is well known that interference problems between fixed facilities can be avoided.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-25832 a single-frequency system without power supply similar to the present invention. The fact that no interference problem occurs between fixed facilities will be described with reference to Fig. 28.
- Fig. 28 (B) shows one-way traffic without power source disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-25832.
- This figure shows the transmission and reception waveforms when a fixed facility G2 and a data carrier C1 as shown in Fig. 28 (A) are located within a short distance of another fixed facility G2 in close proximity. .
- GTS1 is an AC magnetic field transmitted from the fixed facility G1 to the data carrier C1, and is a non-modulated AC signal because it is a power supply signal without data transmission.
- CDS1 is a data signal of the data carrier C1
- CTS1 is an AC magnetic field transmitted from the data carrier C1 to the fixed facility G1, and an AC signal having the same frequency as that of the GTS1 is modulated by the data signal CDS1.
- GKS1-1 is a data signal of the fixed facility G1, which is received and detected by the AC magnetic field CTS1.
- GTS2 is an AC magnetic field transmitted from the fixed facility G2, and is an unmodulated AC signal because it is a power supply signal that does not involve data transmission as in GTS1.
- GKS1-2 is the interference signal of the fixed facility G1, which receives the AC magnetic field GTS2 transmitted from the fixed facility G2 and detects it at the fixed facility G1. Since the GTS2 is an unmodulated AC signal, the interference signal GKS1-2 received and detected is in a non-signal state.
- GKS-1 is the total data signal of the fixed facility G1 and is the sum of the detection signal GKS1-1 of the AC magnetic field CTS1 transmitted from the data carrier C1 and the interference signal GKS1-2 of the fixed facility G2. .
- the interference signal GKS1 -2 at the fixed facility G1 does not exist, and thus the total data signal GKS1 is the data signal GKS1.
- the waveform is the same as -1, and there is no interference problem from other fixed facilities G2.
- the alternating magnetic field generated by the fixed facilities is not modulated, and the combined field of the alternating magnetic fields created by the multiple fixed facilities is also not modulated, so that the fixed facilities interfere with each other.
- the frequency of the AC magnetic field generated by the fixed facility and the frequency of the AC magnetic field transmitted from the data carrier are different, the frequency of the AC magnetic field generated by the data carrier is reduced by the fixed facility. Since the frequency of the generated AC magnetic field is different, the signal is separated by using filter technology. Therefore, the influence of the alternating magnetic field generated by the fixed facility in the vicinity can be eliminated.
- a data carrier system that uses a power supply-less electromagnetically coupled data carrier
- a system that allows two-way data communication between a data carrier and a fixed facility
- the present inventors have mounted a non-volatile memory called M0N0S on a C-M0S-IC with extremely low power consumption and high performance, and developed a magnetically rewritable electromagnetic coupling data carrier by various measures.
- the inventor of the present invention developed a fixed facility for the electromagnetically coupled data carrier through several measures including the present invention.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem, and mainly to provide a data carrier system using an electromagnetically coupled data carrier of a two-way communication type without a power supply, which is used for communication between a fixed facility and the data carrier.
- Using a single frequency method for the magnetic field frequency increases the communicable distance, and correctly reads data from the data carrier even if there is interference with a modulated AC magnetic field from another nearby fixed facility. This is to provide a data carrier system that can be used. Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide a data carrier system using a power carrier of a non-power-supply electromagnetic coupling type data carrier for bidirectional data communication between a fixed facility and a data carrier.
- a data carrier system using a power carrier of a non-power-supply electromagnetic coupling type data carrier for bidirectional data communication between a fixed facility and a data carrier.
- the present invention basically employs the following technical configuration in order to achieve the above object. That is, in a data carrier system including a fixed facility for performing two-way data communication between the electromagnetically coupled data carrier and the data carrier, the fixed facility is guided by an AC magnetic field generated by the data carrier.
- the plurality of the fixed facilities are arranged adjacent to each other.
- a data carrier system provided with control means for making the frequency and phase of an AC magnetic field generated for transmitting data from a plurality of fixed facilities to the data carrier uniform between the plurality of fixed facilities.
- the control means is a data carrier as a signal sharing means for making an AC signal, which is a source of an AC magnetic field generated from each fixed facility, the same.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a voltage-current distribution diagram for explaining the operation principle of the data carrier system.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram showing an embodiment of an electromagnetic coupling type carrier used in the data carrier system of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a waveform chart for explaining the embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is the second c Figure 7 is a circuit diagram showing a more specific embodiment of the c
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram invention first shows one more specific embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing one example of a method for connecting a plurality of fixed facilities in the data carrier system of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing another example of a method of connecting a plurality of fixed facilities in the data carrier system of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of the subtraction circuit.
- FIG. 10 is a waveform chart showing the operation of the amplifier circuit when the voltage adjustment circuit is adjusted to the best condition.
- FIG. 11 is a waveform chart showing the operation of the amplifier circuit when the adjustment of the voltage adjustment circuit is broken.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of a data carrier system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a more specific example of the circuit configuration of the data carrier system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of a phase difference detection circuit and an AC signal adjustment circuit of the data carrier system shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a time chart showing the operation of the phase detection circuit when the phase of the waveform of the received signal Vo is advanced with respect to the reference signal Vs.
- FIG. 16 is a time chart showing the operation of the phase detection circuit when the phase of the waveform of the received signal Vo is delayed with respect to the reference signal Vs.
- FIG. 17 is a waveform chart showing the operation of the synchronization signal detection circuit when the amplitude of the waveform of the reference signal Vs is larger than the received signal Vo.
- FIG. 18 is a waveform chart showing the operation of the synchronization signal detection circuit when the amplitude of the waveform of the reference signal Vs is smaller than the received signal Vo.
- FIG. 19 is a waveform chart showing the operation of the DC conversion circuit when the amplitude of the waveform of the reference signal Vs is larger than the received signal Vo.
- FIG. 20 is a waveform chart showing the operation of the DC conversion circuit when the amplitude of the waveform of the reference signal Vs is smaller than the received signal Vo.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view of a conventional antenna and a graph showing the strength of the electromagnetic field.
- FIG. 22 is a plan view of a conventional antenna and a graph showing its electromagnetic field strength.
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing the strength of the electromagnetic field by the antenna improved by the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a plan view and a side view showing a first embodiment of the antenna coil according to the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a plan view and a side view showing a second embodiment of the antenna coil according to the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a plan view showing a third embodiment of the antenna coil according to the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a plan view and a side view showing a fourth embodiment of the antenna coil according to the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the signal transmission method of the data carrier system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of an AC signal wave flowing in the fixed facility including the interrogation wave transmitted from the fixed facility and the information returned from the data carrier according to the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a state in which an AC signal wave in another fixed facility is modulated by an interference signal wave from another adjacent fixed facility in the data carrier system.
- FIG. 31 shows the input / output terminals of the signal of the AC signal generation circuit section in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing an insulating means provided to be connected to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a view showing a specific example of the insulating means in FIG.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an example of an optical coupler used as the insulating means.
- the data carrier system used in the present invention includes predetermined information such as an IC card, an IC ticket, an industrial data tag, a name plate with an ID function, and various pre-read card.
- predetermined information such as an IC card, an IC ticket, an industrial data tag, a name plate with an ID function, and various pre-read card.
- a mobile device that records data and outputs the information and a device that performs data communication without contact at a distance of several centimeters or more between a portable carrier and a communication terminal called a fixed facility. .
- coupons for all types of transportation tickets, commuter passes, ski lifts, coupons for amusement parks, fairs, etc. It can be used for automated management systems that have been used or for automatic management of breeding of an unspecified number of animals.
- the data carrier system is basically a data carrier comprising an electromagnetically coupled data carrier and a fixed facility for performing bidirectional data communication between the data carrier.
- the fixed facility discriminates a data signal induced by an AC magnetic field generated by the data carrier from an induced signal induced by an AC magnetic field from another fixed facility and outputs data from a data carrier.
- a data carrier system having a selection detecting means for detecting only a signal.
- the data carrier system further has a fixed configuration in which a plurality of the fixed devices are arranged adjacent to each other.
- a plurality of facilities are arranged adjacent to each other, and the frequency and phase of an alternating magnetic field generated for transmitting data from the fixed facility to the data carrier are determined between the plurality of fixed facilities.
- This is a data carrier system provided with control means for making the same.
- FIG. 3 shows one of the electromagnetic coupling type data carriers used in the data carrier system to which the present invention relates.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram showing a specific example.
- the data carrier of this example is called a resonance condition control type, and has an LC resonance circuit including a coil 18 and a capacitor 19 that are magnetically coupled to a fixed facility.
- the power induced in the resonance circuit by the AC magnetic field generated from the fixed facility is rectified by the rectifier circuit 22 to obtain the power supply voltage Vdd of the data carrier main circuit 23.
- the data signal superimposed on the AC magnetic field and transmitted from the fixed facility near the data carrier is demodulated by detecting the terminal voltage of the resonance circuit by the detection circuit 21 and is demodulated as an input signal D in Data is transmitted to the evening carrier main circuit.
- the data carrier main circuit transmits the output data Dout to the modulation circuit 20, changes the impedance of the modulation circuit 20, changes the resonance conditions of the resonance circuit, and changes the current flowing through the coil 18. Is increased or decreased.
- the change in the current changes the AC magnetic field around the data carrier, and the change in the AC magnetic field changes the power induced in the antenna coil of the fixed facility.
- FIG. 2 shows a model in which information is exchanged with the fixed facility using the data carrier as described above by using an electromagnetic coupling method.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram for explaining the phase relationship of the alternating current flowing through the antenna coil of the fixed facility in the overnight carrier system in relation to the characteristics of the data carrier.
- Circuit on the left side of the drawing Shows the antenna coil of the fixed facility and its drive circuit, and the circuit on the right side shows the resonance circuit of the data carrier.
- the output voltage of the antenna drive circuit hereinafter referred to as drive voltage
- vl the output voltage of the antenna drive circuit
- VI voltage amplitude
- ⁇ angular frequency
- t time
- the inductance of the antenna coil is Ll
- the capacitance of the resonant capacitor connected in series to the antenna coil is Cl
- the resistance of the antenna coil is R1
- the electromotive force ⁇ vl induced in this antenna coil by the AC magnetic field generated by the data carrier is Once ignored, the current il flowing through the antenna coil is given by the following equation (2).
- phase of the current il of the antenna coil is equal to the phase of the drive voltage vl.
- V2cos (o) 0t) V2sin (o 0t + 7 ⁇ / 2-(5)
- the phase of the electromotive force v2 induced in the resonance circuit of the data carrier is ahead of the phase of the driving voltage vl of the fixed facility by 90 °.
- the inductance of the coil be L2
- the capacitance of the resonance capacitor be C2
- the resistance of the coil be R2
- the current i2 flowing through the coil Becomes like the following formula (6).
- V2sin (w 0t + ⁇ / 2)
- V2sin (w0t + ⁇ / 2)
- the strength 02 of the AC magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the coil of the data carrier is expressed by the following equation (7).
- ⁇ 2 is the amplitude of the AC magnetic field generated by the overnight carrier.
- Equation (8) indicates that the phase of the electromotive force induced by the data carrier in the antenna coil of the fixed facility is ahead of the phase of the drive voltage of the antenna coil itself by 180 °.
- the voltage for driving the antenna coil of the fixed facility is the sum of the above drive voltage vl and the electromotive force expressed by equation (8). Therefore, in formulas (2) and (3), ⁇ must be taken into account. However, the drive voltage vl is very large compared to the electromotive force ⁇ vl and can be ignored in practice.
- the electromotive force ⁇ of noise induced in the antenna coil of the first fixed facility is obtained by differentiating Eq. (9), and is expressed by the following Eq. (10). Where Vn is the amplitude of the noise electromotive force and 5 is the proportionality constant.
- V Vlsin (wOt)
- the current i flowing through the antenna coil is expressed by the following equation (12).
- the phase of the first and second terms is the same as that of the drive voltage vl at both the current i and the voltage V.
- the rectification yield can be made 100% by performing synchronous rectification by using as a synchronous signal.
- the yield of the third term is 0
- the present inventors have paid attention to the above-mentioned facts, and have studied the means for realizing the above-mentioned facts, and have reached the present invention.
- the basic technical configuration is as described above.
- the induction signal induced by the AC magnetic field from the adjacent fixed facility is discriminated from the current flowing through the receiving antenna of the fixed facility, and only the signal component returned from the data carrier is discriminated.
- One means is to match the frequency of the AC magnetic field generated from a plurality of fixed facilities arranged adjacent to each other. These phases match each other.
- the electromotive force induced by the AC magnetic field generated from the data carrier to the antenna coil of the fixed facility has a phase advance of a fixed angle ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ with respect to the AC voltage output from the AC signal generation circuit.
- the electromotive force induced in the antenna coil by the AC magnetic field generated by the adjacent fixed facility has a phase lead of 90 ° as described later.
- This phase relationship always holds because the AC signal generation circuit of each fixed facility is controlled by the synchronization means, so that the current flowing through the antenna coil by the two electromotive forces and the two AC magnetic fields of different sources are respectively generated.
- Corresponding components exist and their phases also have a phase lead of 0 and 90 ° with respect to the AC voltage, respectively.
- the rectification yield of the signal from the data carrier which is a phase lead voltage of 0 becomes C OS 0.
- the rectification yield of induced noise from the adjacent fixed facility with a phase lead voltage of 90 ° is zero. As a result, the noise component is eliminated, no interference occurs with the adjacent fixed facility, and the signal from the data carrier is accurately detected.
- an AC magnetic field is generated by an antenna coil, power and data are supplied to the data carrier by the AC magnetic field, and the data carrier is transmitted by the antenna coil.
- At a fixed facility of a data carrier for detecting a change in an AC magnetic field generated by the data carrier and receiving data transmitted from the data carrier at least an AC signal generating circuit, a signal modulating circuit, an antenna driving circuit, An antenna coil; and synchronous detection means for synchronizing with an AC voltage output from the AC signal generation circuit.
- the AC voltage output from the AC signal generation circuit is modulated by the modulation circuit to superimpose data.
- the modulated AC voltage is applied to the antenna drive.
- a power circuit amplifies the power and supplies the amplified power to the antenna coil to generate an AC magnetic field, while the current flowing through the antenna coil is rectified and detected by the synchronous detection means to be received by the antenna coil.
- the data from the data carrier is demodulated, and the frequency and phase of the AC voltage output from the AC signal generating circuit can be controlled by appropriate control means.
- control means is a signal sharing means for making an AC signal which is a source of an AC magnetic field generated from each fixed facility identical, for example, the signal sharing means is at least one AC signal generating means And signal input means provided at each fixed facility for inputting an AC signal from the AC signal generating means.
- the AC signal generating means may be one of the fixed facilities. The same AC signal may be supplied from the fixed facility having the AC signal generating means to the signal input means of another fixed facility.
- each of them may have only input means and supply the AC signal to each fixed facility in series or in parallel from the AC signal generating means provided outside each fixed facility.
- the AC signal generating means is provided in one of the plurality of fixed facilities, and the AC signal is transmitted and supplied from the AC signal generating means of the fixed facility to the input means of another fixed facility. It may be composed. Also, as another specific example, the exchange is performed with each of a plurality of fixed facilities. A signal generating means and a signal input means are provided, and the alternating signal generating means of each fixed facility may be controlled by an appropriate synchronizing means.
- the fixed facility may have a switching means for switching a signal from the AC signal generating means and the signal input means as a clock of an internal circuit. It is also preferable that the signal input means is insulated in a direct current manner from the AC signal generating means. It is preferable that the selection detection means of the present invention is a synchronous detection circuit using a synchronous clock formed by the AC signal identified by the signal sharing means.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a fixed facility of the data carrier system of the present invention.
- the AC signal generation circuit is composed of the oscillator 1 and the switch 2, and the connection of the switch selects between the output signal of the oscillator 1 and the signal supplied from the outside to the AC in terminal.
- the AC signal of the fixed facility shall be AC.
- the AC signal AC is supplied from a signal output terminal ACout to an AC in terminal of another fixed facility adjacent thereto. This allows the two fixed facilities to use exactly the same AC signal AC. Of course, when there is no danger that the two fixed facilities will interfere with each other because the distance between them is long, the output signal of the oscillator 1 built in each fixed facility can be used.
- the AC signal AC is distributed to the modulation circuit 3, the voltage adjustment circuit 7, and the phase adjustment circuit 11.
- the modulation circuit 3 modulates the AC signal AC according to output data DATAout provided from the information processing circuit 17, that is, data to be sent to the data carrier.
- the modulation methods include frequency modulation, phase modulation, and amplitude modulation. Yes, any of them may be used, but the effect of the present invention is most effectively used in the binary amplitude modulation method, and the following description is based on that method.
- the antenna driving circuit 4 power-amplifies the output signal of the modulation circuit 3 and drives the antenna 6 via the current-voltage converter 5.
- the antenna 6 is composed of a series resonance circuit of an antenna coil and a capacitor, and its resonance frequency matches the frequency of the AC signal AC.
- the AC magnetic field ⁇ 1 is output from the antenna 6, and the AC magnetic field 02 is returned from the data carrier 16 that has received the energy.
- the current of the antenna 6 is converted into a voltage by the current / voltage converter 5 and becomes a first input voltage Vo of the subtraction circuit 8.
- the first input voltage Vo is obtained by multiplying the above equation (11) or (12) by a coefficient, and is expressed by the following equation (13).
- the second input voltage of the subtraction circuit 8 is an AC voltage Vs obtained by adjusting the voltage of the AC signal AC by the voltage adjustment circuit 7. If the voltage adjustment circuit 7 is adjusted so that the AC voltage Vs becomes equal to the first term of the equation (13), the output voltage of the subtraction circuit 8 when data is not transmitted from the fixed facility is expressed by the equation (13). It is represented only by the second and third terms. That is, it does not include a voltage corresponding to a current directly driven by the antenna driving circuit 4. Therefore, the voltage amplitude becomes smaller and can be amplified by the amplifier circuit 9.
- the output voltage of the amplification circuit 9 is guided to a synchronous detection circuit 10 using the output voltage Vr of the phase adjustment circuit 11 as a synchronization signal, and is rectified and detected.
- the yield of the third term in equation (13) is 0% in principle, but a phase shift may occur due to error factors in the circuit such as the amplifier 9. You.
- the phase adjustment circuit 11 is adjusted to change the phase of the synchronization signal in order to compensate for this phase shift and reduce the yield of the noise term to 0%. This allows the output signal of the synchronous detection circuit 10 to include only the component induced by the data carrier.
- the amplification degree cannot be increased because the output of the amplification circuit is immediately saturated.
- a slight deviation of the phase accuracy of the synchronization signal in the synchronous detection greatly changes the yield for the first term in Equation (13), and the error generated thereby becomes relatively large. . Therefore, the roles of the voltage adjustment circuit 7 and the subtraction circuit 8 are extremely important in improving the reliability of demodulation of data transmitted from the data carrier.
- the detection output of the synchronous detection circuit 10 has a waveform as shown in the waveform (a) of FIG. 4, but the carrier component is removed by the low-pass filter 12, and a low output as shown in the waveform (mouth) of FIG. It becomes a composite waveform of the frequency component and the square wave.
- information on the distance between the data carrier and the fixed facility is still superimposed on the signal.
- the information of this distance is specifically the magnitude of the electromotive force ⁇ V 1, and a DC voltage of a magnitude proportional to the magnitude is superimposed.
- This superimposed DC voltage changes as the distance between the data carrier and the fixed facility changes, causing the input operating point of the waveform shaping comparator circuit to be undefined.
- the output signal of the port-pass filter 12 is differentiated by the differentiating circuit 13 in order to remove the superimposed DC voltage.
- the differentiated waveform is transmitted to the waveform shaping circuit 15 via the gate circuit 14.
- the gate circuit 14 is controlled by a gate control signal MASK output from the information processing circuit 17, and when the fixed facility is transmitting data, that is, the information processing circuit 17 When transmitting t, do not pass the signal.
- the signal input to the waveform shaping circuit 15 is only the signal sent from the data carrier.
- the waveform shaping circuit 15 generates a rectangular wave data signal as shown in the waveform (2) of FIG. 4 by raising the signal with a plus pulse of the differential waveform and falling with a minus pulse.
- the data signal is sent to the information processing circuit 17 as input data DATA In.
- FIG. 5 shows a more specific circuit diagram of the embodiment of FIG. Oscillator 1 is composed of a crystal oscillator that uses the C-M0S receiver as an amplifier and a bandpass filter.
- the bandpass filter removes the distortion of the waveform contained in the oscillation output of the crystal oscillator. Can generate a simple AC signal.
- the modulation circuit 3 is realized by an inverting amplifier using an operational amplifier. A part of the feedback resistor is turned on and off by a transmission gate, and the amplitude of the AC signal is modulated in two stages by changing the amplification degree. At this time, the control signal of the transmission gate is the output data DATAout.
- the antenna driving circuit 4 is composed of a voltage follower circuit of a power operational amplifier.
- the current-voltage conversion circuit 5 is realized by a transformer.
- the number of primary windings of this transformer is not so large, and care must be taken so as not to hinder the power supply to the antenna 6.
- the antenna 6 is installed at a place separated from the main body of the fixed facility using a coaxial cable, and is composed of a series resonance circuit of an antenna coil and a capacitor.
- the capacitor is composed of a fixed capacitor and a variable capacitor connected in parallel, and the resonance condition can be adjusted by the variable capacitor.
- the voltage adjustment circuit 7 is composed of an inverting amplifier circuit of an operational amplifier, and its feedback resistance is a variable resistance. By adjusting this, the amplitude of the output voltage can be changed.
- the subtraction circuit 8 is a high input impedance operation amplifier configured by using two operational amplifiers.
- the operational amplifier has the function of the amplification circuit 9 as well as the function of subtraction.
- the synchronous detection circuit 10 saturates and amplifies the synchronous signal Vr to generate a rectangular synchronous signal, and converts the synchronous signal into two complementary gate control signals having good rising characteristics. It consists of two C-M0S inverters, two transmission gates that are turned on and off by the gate control signal, and an operational amplifier composed of an operational amplifier.
- the waveform of the output signal of the synchronous detection circuit In order for the waveform of the output signal of the synchronous detection circuit to be a full-wave rectified waveform as shown in (waveform A) in FIG. 4 described above, the phase of the two gate control signals is changed to the input signal of the synchronous detection circuit 10. Must be consistent with the phase. Therefore, means for adjusting the phase of the synchronization signal Vr is required.
- the phase adjustment circuit 11 is composed of two phase feed circuits composed of operational amplifiers.
- the first phase feed circuit delays the phase of the AC signal AC by 0 (0 and 90 °), and the subsequent phase feed circuit advances the delayed signal once by 0, so that there is no phase shift in total.
- the shift amount can be adjusted in both the positive and negative directions near 0 °. It is composed.
- the one-pass filter 13 is constructed by directly connecting two stages of a double feedback type active one-pass filter using an operational amplifier, and the differentiator 13 is a capacitor input-type differentiator and the voltage follower of the operational amplifier. It consists of one circuit and.
- the gate circuit 14 is constituted by a transmission gate that is turned on / off by a gate control signal MASK output from the information processing circuit 17, and directly connects the output of the differentiating circuit 13 to a negative power supply V—. As a result, the differential waveform can be cut off.
- the waveform shaping circuit 15 is a comparator using an operational amplifier. Since the comparator 1 is provided with a hysteresis characteristic, the output is raised or lowered by a plus pulse and a minus pulse output alternately from the differentiation circuit 13. In addition, when data is transmitted from the fixed facility, the gate circuit 14 inputs a negative power supply voltage to the comparator 1, so that the output voltage is maintained at the mouth level. Therefore, data reception from the data carrier always starts at the mouth level.
- FIG. 6 is also an embodiment of the present invention, and includes an antenna drive circuit 4, a current-to-voltage converter 5, an antenna 6, a voltage adjustment circuit 7, a subtraction circuit 8, an amplifier 9, and a synchronous detection circuit. This is an excerpt of only the 10 part.
- the current-to-voltage converter 5 is constituted by a resistor, and the voltage between the terminals of the resistor is impedance-converted by a voltage follower circuit of the operational amplifier.
- the resistor used for such a purpose must be chosen small so as not to limit the current flowing through the antenna coil. As a result, the output voltage Vo becomes small, so It is necessary to improve the sensitivity by replacing the path with an amplifier with high input impedance.
- the input voltage of the voltage adjustment circuit 7 is the same as the input voltage of the antenna drive circuit 4 and transmission data is superimposed, but the output voltage of the voltage adjustment circuit is used when receiving data from the data carrier. There is no problem.
- the subtraction circuit is a very simple one consisting of two resistors connected in series, but the two input voltages Vo and Vs have opposite polarities (the phase is shifted by 180 °), so two resistors are used. The subtraction result appears at the connection point of.
- the output of the subtraction circuit is amplified by the high input impedance amplifier 9 and supplied to the synchronous detection circuit 10.
- the synchronous detection circuit of this embodiment is composed of a transformer, two rectifier diodes, two filter capacitors, and an operational amplifier using an operational amplifier.
- the synchronization signal Vr remains a sine wave, and no circuit for saturation amplification is required.
- This type of synchronous detection circuit is more general than the one shown in Fig. 5 and is often used, but has the drawback of being easily constrained by the common-mode input voltage range of the operational amplifier.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are drawings for explaining an installation method when a plurality of fixed facilities are installed.
- Each fixed facility has an AC signal generating circuit having a configuration as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Shall be.
- Figure 7 shows a method in which the output signal of the transmitter built in fixed facility A is taken out from the ACout terminal and distributed to the other fixed facilities B, C, and D AC in terminals.
- this type of connection method it is necessary to increase the output margin of the internal oscillator of fixed facility A, but the synchronization accuracy of each fixed facility is increased. I can do it.
- Fig. 8 shows that the output signal of the oscillator built in fixed facility A is taken out from the ACout terminal and distributed to the AC in terminal of fixed facility B, and the ACoiit terminal of fixed facility B is connected to the AC in terminal of fixed facility C.
- the data carrier used is a resonance condition control type electromagnetic coupling type data carrier, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this condition.
- the antenna of the fixed facility is composed of one antenna coil and a resonance capacitor, but the antenna can be composed of two antenna coils for transmission and reception and a resonance capacitor. It is.
- the two antenna coils cannot escape from the magnetically coupled state and can be equivalently regarded as one coil or as a current-voltage converter. It is considered to belong to the norm.
- FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of the subtraction circuit 8, where (A) is a reception signal Vo output from the current-voltage conversion circuit 5, and (B) is an output from the voltage adjustment circuit 7. Signals Vs and (C) are difference signals Vc output from the subtraction circuit 8.
- a change in the voltage amplitude occurs due to a change in the AC magnetic field O 2 caused by the overnight transmission from the data carrier 16.
- the subtraction circuit 8 subtracts the waveform of (A) from the waveform of (B) to obtain a differential signal of (C) which is a signal component of the transmission data from the data carrier 16. Vc can be obtained.
- the subtraction circuit 8 is used as means for detecting data transmitted from the data carrier 16 and a method of detecting only a change in the AC magnetic field during data transmission is used. Since the change in the output of the subtraction circuit 8 is a very small signal, the difference signal Vc needs to be sufficiently amplified by the amplification circuit 9 in order to recognize it as received data.
- the voltage adjustment circuit 7 adjusts the voltage amplitude of the AC signal AC so that the amplitude of the reception signal Vo matches the amplitude of the reference signal Vs.
- the differential signal Vc becomes a signal with a very small amplitude when data transmission from the data carrier 16 is not performed. Therefore, the setting of the amplification factor is determined in consideration of whether a change in the signal amplitude of the differential signal Vc occurring when data is transmitted from the data carrier 16 can be detected. .
- (A) of FIG. 10 is a difference signal Vc which is the output of the subtraction circuit 8 when the voltage adjustment circuit 7 is adjusted to the best condition
- (B) is a signal obtained by amplifying the difference signal Vc.
- the amplified signal Va is shown. In this case, when there is no modulation from the data carrier 16, the amplified signal Va becomes 0, and when modulation from the data carrier 16 occurs, only the data signal component is output as an amplified signal.
- phase difference between the received signal Vo and the reference signal Vs uses an AC signal AC which is a common signal, but occurs on a circuit.
- the phases do not always match due to delay.
- the phase may be shifted in the same way as in the case of the amplitude due to the change in the characteristics of the circuit antenna due to the passage of time or changes in the surrounding environment.
- the amplitude of the difference signal Vc output from the subtraction circuit 8 may be changed even if the data carrier 16 does not transmit. It becomes big. If the amplification circuit 9 set to a sufficiently large amplification factor corresponding to the small signal from the data carrier 16 amplifies the differential signal Vc in such a state, the signal is saturated, Data transmission from the data carrier 16 cannot be detected correctly. C This means that the SZN ratio of the receiving circuit is degraded. Therefore, in this method, it is necessary that the amplitude and the phase of the received signal Vo and the reference signal Vs in the steady state match each other.
- FIG. 11 (A) shows the state where the data transmission from the data carrier 16 is not performed when the adjustment of the voltage adjustment circuit 7 is broken or the characteristics of the circuit, the antenna, etc. change.
- 7 shows a waveform of the difference signal Vc when the output of the subtraction circuit 8 becomes large.
- the difference signal Vc is amplified by the amplifier circuit 9 at the same amplification factor as when the waveform is amplified from (A) of FIG. 10 to the waveform of (B) of FIG. 10-the amplified signal from the amplifier circuit 9 Va is saturated as shown in FIG. 11 (B), and the data transmission from the data carrier 16 cannot be recognized.
- one method is to provide an AC signal adjustment circuit that creates a reference signal Vs from the AC signal AC instead of the voltage adjustment circuit 7, and to determine the amplitude difference between the reception signal Vo and the reference signal Vs.
- An amplitude difference detection circuit for detecting and outputting amplitude difference data is provided, and the AC signal adjustment circuit is configured to be controlled by the amplitude difference data so as to match the amplitude of the received signal Vo with the amplitude of the reference signal Vs. .
- phase difference detection circuit that detects a phase difference between the reception signal Vo and the reference signal Vs and outputs phase difference data
- the AC signal adjustment circuit is provided with a phase adjustment function
- the phase difference data is configured to match the phases of the received signal and the reference signal.
- the data carrier system of this configuration is a data carrier system including a data carrier that performs two-way communication by electromagnetic coupling and a fixed facility, wherein the fixed facility is at least AC signal generating means for generating an AC signal, an antenna for transmitting the AC signal as an AC magnetic field, and a change in antenna current caused by the data carrier changing the AC magnetic field transmitted from the antenna.
- Receiving signal detection means for detecting the amplitude of the received signal, an AC signal adjusting circuit for adjusting the amplitude of the AC signal and outputting a reference signal, detecting an amplitude difference between the received signal and the reference signal, and outputting amplitude difference data
- An amplitude difference detection circuit wherein the AC signal adjustment circuit matches the amplitude of the received signal with the amplitude of the reference signal based on the amplitude difference data Movement It is characterized by making.
- phase difference detection circuit that detects a phase difference between the reception signal and the reference signal and outputs a phase adjustment data
- the AC signal adjustment circuit is provided with a phase adjustment function
- the phase adjustment circuit is It is characterized in that the phase of the received signal and the phase of the reference signal are matched according to the phase adjustment data.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of a fixed facility for explaining the above configuration, and is a specific example of the present invention.
- This specific example is a modification of a part of the circuit configuration in the basic specific example of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, and the same elements as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping description will be omitted.
- reference numeral 71 denotes an AC signal adjustment circuit, which corresponds to the voltage adjustment circuit 7 in FIG.
- Reference numeral 76 denotes a signal difference detection circuit that compares the received signal Vo and the reference signal Vs with two inputs and outputs a phase difference data Pc and amplitude difference data Sc.
- the AC signal adjusting circuit 71 adjusts the AC signal AC based on the phase difference data Pc and the amplitude difference data Sc, and matches the phase and amplitude of the reception signal Vo and the reference signal Vs.
- FIG. 13 is a more detailed block diagram of the main part of the fixed facility in this example, where 72 is a phase difference detection circuit, 73 is an amplitude difference detection circuit, and constitutes the signal difference detection circuit 76.
- 72 is a phase difference detection circuit
- 73 is an amplitude difference detection circuit, and constitutes the signal difference detection circuit 76.
- I have.
- 74 is a phase adjustment circuit
- 75 is an amplitude adjustment circuit, which constitutes the AC signal adjustment circuit 71.
- the phase difference detection circuit 72 detects the phase difference between the two signals of the received signal Vo and the reference signal Vs, which are the inputs of the subtraction circuit 8, and outputs the phase difference data Pc according to the detected amount of the phase difference. I do.
- the phase adjusting circuit 74 adjusts the phase of the AC signal AC based on the phase difference data Pc, and outputs an in-phase signal Ss that matches the phases of the received signal Vo and the reference signal Vs.
- the reception as the input of the subtraction circuit 8 is performed.
- the amplitude difference between the two signals, the signal Vo and the reference signal Vs, is detected, and amplitude difference data Sc is output according to the detected amount of the amplitude difference.
- the amplitude adjustment circuit 75 adjusts the amplitude of the in-phase signal Ss based on the amplitude difference data Sc, and matches the amplitude and the reference signal Vs of the received signal Vo with the phase and amplitude of the received signal Vo. Outputs the reference signal Vs.
- a feedback loop for detecting and correcting the phase difference and the amplitude difference between the received signal Vo and the reference signal Vs is configured.
- the phase difference detection circuit 72 detects the reaction time of the feedback loop, that is, the phase difference between the received signal Vo and the reference signal Vs
- the phase adjustment data Pc is stored in the phase adjustment circuit 74.
- the time from when the amplitude difference data Sc is sent to the adjustment circuit 75 and when the amplitude correction of the reception signal Vo and the reference signal Vs is performed must be sufficiently longer than the data transmission speed from the data carrier 16. become.
- the reception signal Vo and the reference signal Vs The phase and amplitude always match. Therefore, it is possible to increase the amplification factor of the amplifier circuit 9, and it is possible to sufficiently detect even a small data signal from the data carrier 16, thereby increasing the communicable distance between the data carrier 16 and a fixed facility. Can be far away. Further, the above system also has a function of setting the difference between the amplitude of the received signal Vo and the reference signal Vs to 0, which is required in the specific example of FIG. 1, so that it is not necessary to perform the initial adjustment.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed circuit configuration of the signal difference detection circuit 76 and the AC signal adjustment circuit 71 of this specific example shown in FIG.
- 74 is the phase adjustment circuit
- 111 is a variable resistor
- 75 is the amplitude adjustment circuit
- 121 is a variable resistor
- 130 is a waveform shaping circuit
- 131 is a comparator
- 132 is a comparator
- 72 is the phase difference detection circuit
- 140 Is a phase shift detection circuit
- 141 is a [ ⁇ flip-flop, 142 and 143 are NOR gates
- 150 is a phase difference-to-voltage converter
- 151 and 152 are analog switches
- 153 is a capacitor
- 73 is
- 160 is a difference detection circuit
- 170 is a synchronization signal detection circuit
- 180 is a low-pass filter
- 190 is a DC conversion circuit
- 191 is a comparator
- 192 is a NOR gate
- FIGS. 15 and 16 are diagrams showing the operation of the phase shift detection circuit 140.
- FIG. 15 when the phase of the Do waveform in (B) leads the waveform of Ds in (A), the Q and QB signals output from the RS flip-flop 141 are as shown in FIG. (C) and (D).
- the phase adjustment circuit 110 is composed of two phase circuits composed of operational amplifiers, each composed of a phase delay circuit of 0 and a phase advance circuit of 0, and the total amount of phase shift is 0 °. I have.
- the variable resistance 111 which is a voltage-controlled resistor
- the voltage of the phase adjustment data Pc to be applied to the phase adjustment circuit is applied to the phase adjustment circuit.
- the phase of the signal output from 110 can be changed in both positive and negative directions around 0 °.
- the resistance value of the variable resistor 111 changes depending on the value of the voltage applied from the outside. If the change is a negative slope, that is, if the voltage value increases, the resistance value decreases, and if the voltage value decreases, the resistance value increases.If the voltage of the phase adjustment data Pc increases, the resistance decreases.
- the phase of the output of the phase adjustment circuit 110 advances, and conversely, the output delays as the voltage decreases. Therefore, when the phase of the reference signal Vs is ahead of the received signal Vo, the potential of the phase adjustment data Pc increases, and as a result, the phase adjustment circuit 110 adjusts the phase of the AC signal AC. , The phase difference between the reference signal Vs and the received signal Vo matches.
- phase adjustment circuit 110 changes the phase of the AC signal AC. To proceed, the phase difference between the reference signal Vs and the received signal Vo matches.
- the difference in the amplitude of each signal is not involved. That is, when the waveform shaping circuit 130 shapes the reference signal Vs and the received signal Vo into a rectangular wave, the use of a zero-cross comparator circuit enables the detection of a phase difference independent of the signal amplitude.
- the difference detection circuit 160 is a circuit for subtracting one of the two input signals from the other.
- the reference signal Vs is used as the subtracted signal
- the received signal Vo is used as the subtracted signal.
- the difference detection circuit 160 outputs a sine wave proportional to the difference between the amplitudes.
- the synchronous signal detecting circuit 170 constitutes a synchronous rectifier using an operational amplifier.
- the difference signal output from the difference detection circuit 160 can detect the absolute value of the difference between the reference signal Vs and the reception signal Vo only by the amplitude value, but cannot determine whether the difference is positive or negative. However, the amplitude of the difference signal If the phase to be detected is fixed, the magnitude relationship between the reference signal Vs and the received signal Vo can be determined.
- FIG. 17 and 18 are waveform diagrams showing the operation of the difference detection circuit 160 and the operation of the synchronization signal detection circuit 170.
- FIG. 17 shows the case where Vs> Vo
- FIG. 18 shows the case where Vs> Vo.
- the difference signal output from the difference detection circuit 160 has a waveform shown in FIG.
- the synchronizing signal detection circuit 170 inverts the signal only when the control signal of FIG. 17D is at "H" and passes it, so that the output has the waveform of FIG. 17E.
- FIG. 17D shows the control signal of FIG.
- the difference signal output from the difference detection circuit 160 has the waveform of (C) in FIG.
- the output of the synchronization signal detection circuit 170 has the waveform of (E) in FIG.
- the output from the synchronization signal detection circuit 170 is converted by a low-pass filter 180 into a DC voltage Dc having a positive and negative sign, and further converted by a DC conversion circuit 190 into amplitude difference data Sc which is a DC signal having only a positive sign.
- the input of the DC conversion circuit 190 is a DC signal that changes to a positive or negative potential depending on the magnitude relationship between the amplitude of the reference signal Vs and the amplitude of the reception signal Vo.
- the output of the N0R gate 192 which receives the signal of (B) of FIG. 19 and the signal of (C) of FIG. 19 as an input becomes a charging signal Ds2 of (D) of FIG.
- Ds2 of (D) of FIG.
- the output of the comparator 191 is as shown in FIG.
- the output of the AND gate 193 which receives the signal of (B) of FIG. 20 and the signal of (c) of FIG. 20 becomes the charging signal Cs2 of (E) of FIG.
- the analog switch 195 is turned on by the discharge signal Ds2, and the capacitor 196 is discharged.
- the voltage value of the amplitude difference data Sc output from the DC conversion circuit 190 decreases. Conversely, when the amplitude of the reference signal Vs is smaller than the amplitude of the received signal Vo, the charge signal Cs2 turns on the analog switch 194 and charges the capacitor 196. As a result, the voltage value of the amplitude difference data Sc output from the DC conversion circuit 190 increases.
- the amplitude adjusting circuit 120 is an inverting amplifier using the same voltage-controlled variable resistor 121 as that used in the phase adjusting circuit 110 for the input resistance. Therefore, the amplification factor of the amplitude adjustment circuit 120 increases when the potential of the amplification difference data Sc increases, and decreases when the potential decreases. Therefore, when the amplitude of the reference signal Vs is larger than the reception signal Vo, the amplification factor of the amplitude adjustment circuit 12Q decreases, and as a result, the amplitude of the reference signal Vs decreases. Conversely, when the amplitude of the reference signal Vs is smaller than the reception signal Vo, the amplification factor of the amplitude adjustment circuit 120 increases, and as a result, the amplitude of the reference signal Vs increases. As a result, the amplitudes of the reference signal Vs and the reception signal Vo match.
- FIG. 28 (A) a plurality of fixed facilities are arranged in parallel, and each of the fixed facilities Gl and G2 Gn is individually provided. It is assumed that communication is performed with the data carriers CI and C2 to Cn at any time.
- any one of the fixed facilities Gn does not have a power supply for the specific data carrier with which the communication is to be performed.
- the relevant data carrier In order to supply an electromagnetic wave for supplying power to Cn, a period in which a carrier having a predetermined frequency is transmitted TO and a modulation obtained by modulating the carrier with information necessary for the data carrier Cn from the fixed facility Gn.
- the period T1 for transmitting as a wave is set in a time-division manner at a predetermined interval as shown in GDS 1 in FIG.
- a radio wave such as that shown in GDS 1 When a radio wave such as that shown in GDS 1 is received, a predetermined voltage is generated inside the data carrier Cn based on the electromagnetic wave in a period TO of the radio signal, and then in a period T1. That is, the data carrier Cn performs an arithmetic process based on the information received from the fixed facility Gn, and the data carrier Cn is a signal corresponding to a response to a question from the fixed facility Gn.
- the modulated wave superimposed on the carrier received from the fixed facility Gn and modulated is returned to the fixed facility Gn.
- the evening period T2 during which the data carrier Cn returns the response information to the fixed facility Gn is set to be synchronized with the period TO during which the fixed facility Gn transmits the carrier having the predetermined frequency. It is preferred that it is done.
- a predetermined detection circuit is operated in synchronization with the evening period T2 during which predetermined information is transmitted from the data carrier Cn, and the data carrier Cn is operated. It is configured to detect and extract only predetermined signal information returned from.
- FIGS. 29 and 30 show transmission / reception waveforms of the data carrier and the fixed facility corresponding to FIG. 28, respectively.
- FIG. 29 shows a case where there is no other fixed facility in the vicinity
- FIG. 30 shows another case. This shows the case where a fixed facility exists.
- GDS 1 is the data signal of fixed facility G1
- CDS1 is the data of carrier C1.
- the overnight signal, GTS1 is an alternating magnetic field transmitted from the fixed facility Gl to the data carrier C1, and is transmitted from the data carrier C1 to the fixed facility G1 in the case of the resonance condition control type as in this embodiment.
- the c is also used also to an AC magnetic field that, GKS1 is the detection signal in a fixed facility G1.
- transmission and reception are performed by time-sharing one AC magnetic field GTS1, and the AC magnetic field GDS1 is modulated by the data signal GDS1 of the AC magnetic field G1 in an odd section such as Tl, ⁇ 3.
- the AC magnetic field GTS1 generated from the fixed facility G1 is obtained by modulating the AC magnetic field GTS1 with the data signal CDS1 of the carrier C1 in an even-numbered section, that is, an unmodulated carrier such as ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4.
- an unmodulated carrier such as ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4.
- the modulated component of the AC magnetic field GTS1 is extracted as a detection signal GKS1 by the detection circuit of the fixed facility G1, and is further selected by the time-division signal ⁇ 2, so that the data signal of the data carrier C1 corresponding to the ⁇ 2 section is obtained.
- CDS1 can be taken out correctly.
- FIG. Fig. 30 shows the case where the data signal GDS2 of the other fixed facility G2 exists in addition to the signals shown in Fig. 29.
- the AC magnetic field GTS1 of the fixed facility G1 has the modulation signal of GDS1 and CDS1 shown in Fig. 29.
- the modulated components due to the data signal GDS2 of the fixed facility G2 which is not synchronized in a time-sharing manner, may cause interference.
- the amplitude of the AC magnetic field GTS1 changes substantially when the AC magnetic field of the fixed facility G2, which has a strong modulation component due to GDS2, jumps into the antenna of the fixed facility G1.
- the modulation components of the data signal CDS1 of the data carrier C1 and the data signal GDS2 of the fixed facility G2 are detected as the detection signal GKS1 in the ⁇ 2 section of the fixed facility G1.
- the same waveform as signal GKS1 cannot be obtained, and correct data cannot be read. This is it.
- the signal levels of the AC magnetic field GTS1 and the detection signal GKS1 are the same as the resonance conditions performed by the modulation circuit 20 based on the data signal CDS1 of the data carrier C1 against the strong modulation by the data signal GDS1 of the fixed facility.
- the modulation of the control method is extremely weak modulation, and the magnitude relationship of the modulation amount by each data signal GDS1 and CDS1 in the AC magnetic field GTS1 shown in FIGS.
- the modulation by CDS1 is at a level that is almost invisible. Therefore, the AC magnetic field oscillated from the other fixed facility G2 is also modulated by the data signals GDS2 and CDS2, but as mentioned above, the modulation by the CDS2 is so small that it can be ignored. It can be ignored as a component of.
- a simple frame-type coil as shown in Fig. 21 (A) was used as an antenna for generating an AC electromagnetic field for power supply from a fixed facility.
- the electromagnetic field becomes very strong near the windings, but the electromagnetic field near the center of the coil cannot be so strong.
- Fig. 21 (B) is a graph showing the distribution of the intensity of the electromagnetic field created by the frame coil.
- the vertical axis of the graph represents the strength F of the electromagnetic field on a plane perpendicular to the coil plane through the central axis X of the frame coil, and the horizontal axis represents the coordinates on the central axis X.
- the three curves on the graph show the electromagnetic field strength F at distances z0, zl, and z2 from the coil plane.
- ⁇ is a distance of 0 and has a relationship of ⁇ x zl x z2.
- the performance of a data carrier is determined by the communicable distance in front of the antenna.
- a simple frame coil, where the electromagnetic field near the center cannot be strengthened, is disadvantageous because it is often evaluated.
- FIG. 22 (B) is a graph showing the distribution of the intensity of the electromagnetic field generated by the spirally distributed coil, and the notation is the same as in FIG.
- the electromagnetic flux generated by the coil current converges on the vertical axis at the center of the coil surface. Therefore, the communicable distance of the data carrier is maximized on the vertical axis at the center of the coil, and very good performance is achieved simply to extend the communicable distance.
- the concentration of electromagnetic flux is so strong that if it deviates slightly from the vertical axis in the center of the coil, the electromagnetic field will suddenly weaken and the communicable distance will decrease. Therefore, there was a disadvantage that the communicable area in the direction parallel to the coil surface became very narrow.
- the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art are eliminated, and the communication distance of the data carrier is maximized in front of the antenna, and constant communication is possible even in an area shifted left, right, up and down from the front of the antenna.
- the winding has a spirally formed winding on substantially one plane, and the density of the winding The coil which is sparse near the center of the spiral and dense at the outer periphery of the spiral is used as an antenna for the fixed facility of the data carrier system.
- the electromagnetic field at the center of the coil is weak, and the electromagnetic field is strong at the outer periphery near the winding.
- the electromagnetic field at the center of the coil becomes maximum and becomes weaker at the outer periphery.
- the characteristics of the two types of conventional coils are Attention was paid to the fact that a coil with an intermediate structure between the two was used to achieve an antenna coil with the characteristics of each. In other words, the conventional two types of coils compensate for the weak parts of each electromagnetic field.
- the graph in Fig. 23 shows the distribution of the strength of the electromagnetic field generated by the antenna improved in such a manner, and the notation is the same as that in Fig. 21 (B).
- FIG. 24 shows a first embodiment of the antenna coil according to this example.
- the winding 100 of the antenna coil has a substantially square planar structure, and has a single-layer spiral structure having a winding start terminal 200 and a winding end terminal 300.
- the winding 100 is wound counterclockwise from the center and gradually increases the length of one side each time the circuit 100 reaches the outer periphery, and the amount of increase in the length of one side is increased toward the center. It is designed to be larger nearer and smaller gradually toward the outer periphery. As a result, the configuration is such that the winding density is small at the center of the spiral and increases as it approaches the outer periphery.
- FIG. 25 shows a second embodiment of the antenna coil according to this example.
- (A) shows the planar structure of the coil winding
- (B) shows the cross-sectional structure.
- the winding 1 of the antenna coil has a substantially square planar structure, but the cross-sectional structure is laminated to form an overlapping winding, so that the number of turns is reduced at the center of the spiral and the outer circumferential portion is formed. It is configured so that the number of overlapping turns increases as it approaches. As a result, the winding density is low at the center of the spiral and increases as it approaches the outer circumference.
- FIG. 26 shows a third embodiment of the antenna coil according to this example. In this embodiment, the winding of the coil has a double spiral structure.
- the winding 100 of the coil is spirally wound toward the center while rotating counterclockwise from the outer periphery of the antenna, and then drawn out to the outer periphery while rotating counterclockwise from the center. Is coming.
- This embodiment is different from the embodiment of FIG. 24 in that the winding structure of the coil is slightly complicated, but has basically the same configuration as the embodiment of FIG. 24. It is configured so that the winding density increases as it approaches the part.
- FIG. 27 is also included in the scope of this embodiment.
- the outermost periphery of a simple planar spiral coil is wrapped in multiple layers, and is nothing less than the simplest implementation of the principle of the present invention.
- the planar shape of the coil is a square.
- the planar shape of the antenna coil or coil according to the present invention is not necessarily required to be a square, and may be a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, or another shape.
- a method of transmitting data and a method of detecting and demodulating a signal transmitted from a data carrier in a fixed facility of an electromagnetic coupling type data carrier system can be realized. Also, in the fixed facility, noise induced by an alternating magnetic field generated by another adjacent fixed facility can be compressed and eliminated. As a result, a data carrier system for bidirectional data communication using an electromagnetically coupled data carrier was realized. This means that not only can data carriers be transmitted overnight but also control commands to data carriers, and their functions have been dramatically increased. Moreover, the same type of fixing device is installed in a relatively close place and operated at the same time. As a result, the range of applications has been greatly expanded.
- equipment that needs to be verified by a large number of people at one time such as entrances to factories or offices, requires parallel installation of equipment, but is installed because there is no mutual interference between fixed facilities The conditions are free and take up little space.
- it is used as an industrial evening system used for product identification and history recording in an automation factory, it will not be an obstacle to the factory line layout design.
- a change in a signal caused by a change in the surrounding environment or a change in circuit characteristics of a fixed facility over time is corrected by a correction circuit, and the output of the subtraction circuit is output to the correction circuit.
- a regular signal is always output. Therefore, it is possible to set the amplification factor of the subsequent amplifier high, and it is possible to sufficiently recognize even a minute signal from the data carrier. In other words, this means an increase in the communication distance between the data carrier and the fixed facility, and the data carrier system of the present invention can be applied to fields that could not be used with conventional communication performance. Can be expanded. Further, since it is not necessary to adjust the voltage adjustment circuit, it is possible to reduce the adjustment load and the maintenance load when operating the data carrier system.
- an AC electromagnetic flux emitted from the fixed facility can be converged on a vertical axis at the center of the antenna, and at the same time, is parallel to the coil plane. It is possible to have a certain spread in various directions. As a result, not only was the data carrier's communicable distance significantly extended in front of the antenna's center, but also in areas deviated from the center of the antenna by a certain range up, down, left and right parallel to the antenna plane. The possible distance could be extended. If the distribution of the electromagnetic field can be set to an optimal state for practical use in this way, it is not necessary to supply unnecessarily large power to the antenna of the fixed facility.
- the distribution conditions of the electromagnetic field strength around the antenna are considered by considering the arrangement conditions of the coil winding density using a computer simulation. It is possible to design the state to an optimal shape. Of course, practically sufficient performance can be obtained by a trial and error method without depending on the computer simulation.
- a plurality of fixed facilities are arranged in close proximity in parallel, and the plurality of fixed facilities are connected by a cable for transmitting and supplying a synchronization signal.
- all fixed facilities are connected in a DC manner, and if a lightning strike strikes one fixed facility, electric shock is transmitted to other fixed facilities and all fixed facilities are destroyed. There's a problem.
- the synchronizing signal generating means stops functioning and all the plurality of fixed facilities become inoperable.
- the present invention employs, for example, the following configuration.
- it consists of a non-powered electromagnetically coupled data carrier and a fixed facility that performs two-way data communication between the data carrier and the fixed facility.
- the synchronization signal generation means built in a specific fixed facility sends it to other fixed facilities.
- a data carrier system for transmitting and supplying a synchronization signal a synchronization signal is transmitted and supplied from a synchronization signal generation means incorporated in the specific fixed facility to another fixed facility by an insulating means which is DC-insulated.
- the power supply built in each fixed facility is configured to be separated from other fixed facilities by DC.
- a fixed facility can be used in a specific fixed facility in order to make the frequency and phase of the AC magnetic field generated for transmitting power and data from the fixed facility to the data carrier the same among multiple fixed facilities. Synchronous signals are transmitted and supplied to other fixed facilities from the built-in synchronous signal generation means by means of DC insulation. And does not extend to other fixed facilities. In addition, even if some fixed facilities stop, the other fixed facilities can be operated with independent power sources, so that all of the fixed facilities do not stop functioning.
- FIG. 31 A specific circuit configuration of another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 31.
- the basic circuit configuration is the same as that of FIG. 1 except that the insulating means 218 is provided with an input / output means (ACi). n, ACout).
- ACi input / output means
- the insulation means 218 insulates the signal supplied from the outside from the fixed facility in a DC manner.
- the AC signal AC is supplied from the signal output terminal ACout to the AC in terminal of another fixed facility adjacent thereto.
- AC in terminals of other fixed facilities are provided with insulation means, and AC signals are supplied in a DC-insulated manner.
- the two fixed facilities can use exactly the same AC signal AC, and the two fixed facilities are insulated DC. Therefore, an abnormal lightning strike caused by a lightning strike at one fixed facility is not transmitted to the other.
- the AC signal is supplied from the signal output terminal ACout to the AC in terminal of another fixed facility adjacent thereto.
- AC in terminals of other fixed facilities are provided with insulation means, and AC signals are supplied in a DC-insulated manner.
- AC is distributed to a modulation circuit 3, a voltage adjustment circuit 7, and a phase adjustment circuit 11.
- FIG. 32 shows a more specific circuit diagram of the embodiment of FIG. 31, in which a transformer 18 for DC insulation is added to the AC in terminal in the embodiment of FIG.
- the insulating means 218 of the present invention has been described with reference to FIG. 32.
- various other realizing circuits of the present invention are conceivable.
- the insulating means 218 may be provided in a non-contact state, such as an optical coupling method using a light emitting element and a light receiving element, a sound coupling method using ultrasonic waves, a wireless method using radio waves, etc., as shown in FIG.
- the method is not limited to a transformer, as long as the synchronization signal is transmitted and supplied at the same time.
- the synchronization signal is transmitted and supplied to other fixed facilities from the synchronization signal generation means incorporated in the specific fixed facility by the DC-isolated insulation means.
- a lightning strike on a facility causes a lightning strike only at that fixed facility and does not extend to other fixed facilities. This can be very useful, for example, when installed outdoors.
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- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP51200693A JP3599336B2 (ja) | 1992-02-18 | 1993-02-18 | データキャリヤシステム、及び固定施設におけるアンテナ |
US08/137,017 US5570086A (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1993-02-18 | Data carrier system |
DE69321182T DE69321182T2 (de) | 1992-02-18 | 1993-02-18 | Datenträgersystem |
EP93904320A EP0589046B1 (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1993-02-18 | Data carrier system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6091792 | 1992-02-18 | ||
JP4/60917 | 1992-02-18 | ||
JP5744492 | 1992-07-24 | ||
JP4/57444U | 1992-07-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993016444A1 true WO1993016444A1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
Family
ID=26398492
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1993/000200 WO1993016444A1 (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1993-02-18 | Data carrier system |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5570086A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0589046B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3599336B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69321182T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1993016444A1 (ja) |
Cited By (8)
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JP2001308758A (ja) * | 2000-01-31 | 2001-11-02 | Stmicroelectronics Sa | 電磁式トランスポンダ読取り装置の伝送電力の適合 |
JP2003194921A (ja) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-09 | Furuno Electric Co Ltd | 受信信号処理装置および距離測定装置 |
JP2012060731A (ja) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-03-22 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 共鳴型無線電力伝送装置 |
WO2012127953A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-27 | パナソニック 株式会社 | コイルモジュール、およびこれを備える非接触式給電装置の受電装置、およびこれを備える非接触式給電装置 |
WO2012127936A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-27 | パナソニック 株式会社 | コイルモジュール、およびこれを備える非接触式給電装置の受電装置、およびこれを備える非接触式給電装置 |
JP2015509281A (ja) * | 2011-12-16 | 2015-03-26 | クアルコム,インコーポレイテッド | 低損失ワイヤレス電力送信のためのシステムおよび方法 |
JP2015082519A (ja) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-27 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | 磁界発生装置 |
JPWO2017169543A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-10-11 | 株式会社村田製作所 | コイルアンテナ、給電装置、受電装置およびワイヤレス電力供給システム |
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JP2866016B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-22 | 1999-03-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Icカードのリード・ライト装置の変調器、その復調器 |
DE19500805C2 (de) * | 1995-01-13 | 2002-11-21 | Adp Gauselmann Gmbh | Datenübertragung zwischen einem Schreib-Lese-Gerät und einer batterielosen Chipkarte |
FR2746200B1 (fr) * | 1996-03-12 | 1998-05-29 | Dispositif d'echange d'informations sans contact avec une etiquette electronique | |
EP0892493A1 (en) | 1997-07-18 | 1999-01-20 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Amplitude and phase demodulator circuit for signals with very low modulation index |
US6249229B1 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2001-06-19 | Checkpoint Systems, Inc., A Corp. Of Pennsylvania | Electronic article security system employing variable time shifts |
FR2802738A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-15 | 2001-06-22 | Circe | Dispositif de lecture de transpondeur |
DE60137192D1 (de) | 2001-03-23 | 2009-02-12 | Em Microelectronic Marin Sa | Drathloses Kommunikationssystem zwischen mehreren Transceivern und Transpondern |
US7490817B2 (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2009-02-17 | Bfs Diversified Products Llc | Distance indicating system and method |
FR2883680A1 (fr) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-29 | Frederic Pagnol | Dispositif de lecture de transpondeurs. |
US7364144B2 (en) * | 2005-04-27 | 2008-04-29 | Bfs Diversified Products, Llc | Sensing and communication system and method |
US7420462B2 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2008-09-02 | Bfs Diversified Products, Llc | Air spring distance indicating system and method |
US7733239B2 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2010-06-08 | Bfs Diversified Products, Llc | Distance determining system and method |
US8023586B2 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2011-09-20 | Med-El Elektromedizinische Geraete Gmbh | Inductive power and data transmission system based on class D and amplitude shift keying |
US9830549B2 (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2017-11-28 | Cosmonet Co., Ltd | Data carrier and data carrier system |
US9784777B2 (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2017-10-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and systems for measuring power in wireless power systems |
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- 1993-02-18 WO PCT/JP1993/000200 patent/WO1993016444A1/ja active IP Right Grant
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2001308758A (ja) * | 2000-01-31 | 2001-11-02 | Stmicroelectronics Sa | 電磁式トランスポンダ読取り装置の伝送電力の適合 |
JP4655376B2 (ja) * | 2000-01-31 | 2011-03-23 | エステーミクロエレクトロニクス ソシエテ アノニム | 電磁式トランスポンダ読取り装置の伝送電力の適合 |
JP2003194921A (ja) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-09 | Furuno Electric Co Ltd | 受信信号処理装置および距離測定装置 |
JP2012060731A (ja) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-03-22 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 共鳴型無線電力伝送装置 |
WO2012127953A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-27 | パナソニック 株式会社 | コイルモジュール、およびこれを備える非接触式給電装置の受電装置、およびこれを備える非接触式給電装置 |
WO2012127936A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-27 | パナソニック 株式会社 | コイルモジュール、およびこれを備える非接触式給電装置の受電装置、およびこれを備える非接触式給電装置 |
JP2015509281A (ja) * | 2011-12-16 | 2015-03-26 | クアルコム,インコーポレイテッド | 低損失ワイヤレス電力送信のためのシステムおよび方法 |
US9270342B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2016-02-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | System and method for low loss wireless power transmission |
JP2015082519A (ja) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-27 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | 磁界発生装置 |
JPWO2017169543A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-10-11 | 株式会社村田製作所 | コイルアンテナ、給電装置、受電装置およびワイヤレス電力供給システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69321182T2 (de) | 1999-04-08 |
DE69321182D1 (de) | 1998-10-29 |
EP0589046B1 (en) | 1998-09-23 |
EP0589046A1 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
EP0589046A4 (en) | 1994-10-19 |
US5570086A (en) | 1996-10-29 |
JP3599336B2 (ja) | 2004-12-08 |
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