Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• Composts made of microorganism material are characterized by a special variety of microorganisms, their metabolites and other organic and inorganic compounds.
• Extracts from bark compost are said to show a fungicidal and fungistatic activity against various soil-based Phytophthora species.
• Compost extracts are generally fermentation products from plants and
• Carboxylic acids Purines, pyrimidines, carbohydrates and vitamins. Of In terms of their function and concentration, the supplements differ significantly from nutrients.
• EP-A-o 253 714 is concerned with fungicidal
• EP-A-0 044 224 focuses on the combination of chlorcholine chloride and the "metabolic additives" (also vitamins, amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, carboxylic acids). Neither chlorcholine chloride nor the metabolic additives alone are said to be fungicidal
• DD-A-63 669 relates to a systemic fungicide which contains a combination of one part of a glycine derivative and 0.02 to 2 parts of an N-substituted adenine. Only a purine (adenine) and an amino acid (glycine) are used.
• WO 79/00838 relates to agricultural chemicals, such as fungicides,
• Herbicides and plant growth regulators using one or more of the following additives: carbohydrates, organic acids (especially fatty acids), vitamins and coenzymes, purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides, naturally occurring fats and oils, certain amino acids and, if these are used for agriculture
• DE-A-26 25 398 is concerned with an agent and a method for stimulating the germination of potatoes, which contains an amino acid in the form of cysteine and a pyrine in the form of kinetin.
• the solution according to the invention consists in a phytosanitary agent, which is characterized in that it
• Purines and / or their derivatives in particular nucleosides, nucleotides and salts thereof, and / or pyrimidines and / or their derivatives, in particular
• III contains vitamins or derivatives or precursors thereof, the weight of an individual compound being about 0 to 10 parts by weight
• Group II and about o, oo ⁇ to i part by weight of an individual compound of group III) are omitted.
• the core idea of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention is therefore to use at least two amino acids or their salts in the composition of matter described qualitatively and quantitatively above. It is preferred if three, four or even more amino acids or their salts are used. This opens up the widest possible application of this agent with the desired 3 ° phytosanitary effect. It has been shown that in certain
• the technological effects associated with the incorporation of at least two amino acids into the phytosanitary agent according to the invention can be technologically explained as follows:
• the phytosanitary effect of this type of agent on the surface of the sheet is based on the promotion of non-pathogenic microorganisms.
• the promoted microorganisms can suppress the pathogenic fungi or bacteria either indirectly through food competition or directly through antagonism and thereby trigger the phytosanitary effect.
• Pseudomonas and Bacillus species and various yeasts are known as possible positive microorganisms.
• Countless other microorganisms can be considered.
• These microorganisms have different nutrient requirements, including with regard to the different amino acids. Your nutritional requirements are therefore met by offering different amino acids, in particular two or more, in the respective agent.
• the determination of the need for nutrients of all positive-acting microorganisms on the leaf surface (phyllosphere), taking into account the requirements of pathogenic microorganisms, is not only one
• the number of proteinogenic amino acids (21) is considerably larger than the number of vitamins (11), purines (4), pyrimidines (3) or carboxylic acids (11) that are particularly suitable if the precursors and derivatives are not taken into account.
• the likelihood that two or more amino acids are advantageous is considerably greater than with vitamins, purines, pyrimidines or carboxylic acids.
• phyllosphere microorganisms live in a close community with the plant. However, the plants excrete massive amounts of amino acids - both via roots and leaves. The amino acids play an important role in the evolutionary adaptation of microorganisms to the specific conditions of the leaf surface. This could have led to the particular need for amino acids in phyllosphere microorganisms.
• the invention also relates in particular to the use of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention described above for the treatment of above-ground parts of plants and crops, in particular for
• the value of the invention is particularly evident when the respective agent for combating Phytophthora infestans, Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe graminis, Uncinula necator, Tilletia sp. and Pseudopeziza tracheiphila is used.
• the mixing ratio does not usually play a decisive role here.
• a mixing ratio, based on dry substance of about i part by weight of phytosanitary agent according to the invention to 100 to 100, in particular 300 to 3000 parts by weight of fermentation product, based on dry substance, could be given.
• each individual compound of groups II) and III) is related in the specified quantity range to the underlying quantity of group I). This means that e.g. from group II) o, oo ⁇ to i part by weight of a single compound A), o, oo ⁇ to i part by weight of an individual
• L-glutamic acid L-histidine, L-arginine, L-alanine, L-serine, D- and / or
• L-tryptophan L-tyrosine, D- and / or L-phenylalain, L-asparagine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-threonine, D- and / or L-glutamine, L-proline, L- Hydroxylproline, D- and / or L-valine, L-leucine, L-glycine, L-cystine and
• the agent according to the invention have at least one of the following natural ones
• Carboxylic acids or their salts contain: pyruvic acid, lactic acid,
• the available selection of a purine or pyrimidine is based on this establishes that the phytosanitary agent contains at least one of the following compounds in the form of adenine, guanine and hypoxanthine (purines), cytosine, thymine and uracil (pyrimidines) or derivatives thereof, especially nucleosides, nucleotides and salts thereof.
• vitamins can be optimized by adding at least one vitamin in the form of thiamine, biotin, nicotinic acid,
• Ca pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, ribofalvin, para-aminobenzoic acid, retinol palmitate (retinol), choline, cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) and folic acid or derivatives, salts or precursors thereof are selected. It is preferred if the vitamins pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, retinol palmitate, choline and folic acid each in an amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / 1, in particular 0.06 mg / 1, the vitamins thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinic acid and Ca Pantothenate each in an amount of about 0.05 mg / 1, the vitamin para-aminobenzoic acid in one
• the phytosanitary agent When using the phytosanitary agent according to the invention, it is preferably converted into an aqueous form beforehand.
• concentration range is preferred: at least one individual amino acid or carboxylic acid in an amount of approximately 0.01 to 10 mg / 1, in particular approximately 0.1 to 1 mg / 1, at least one individual purine or pyrimidine in each case Amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / 1, in particular 0.006 mg / 1 and at least one individual vitamin in each case in an amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / 1 aqueous agent.
• This phytosanitary agent according to the invention is advantageously designed by adding the individual purines or pyrimidines in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.1 mg / 1, in particular 0.006 mg / 1, the individual amino acids or natural carboxylic acids an amount of about 0.1 to 1 mg / 1, in particular 0.3 mg / 1, the individual vitamins, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, retinol palmitate, choline and folic acid in an amount of about 0.0002 to 1 mg / 1, in particular 0.06 mg / 1, the individual vitamins thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinic acid and Ca pantothenate in one
• the phytosanitary agent 5 is used in an encapsulated manner.
• the capsule wall there is no significant restriction. This should be environmentally friendly and, in addition, allow the metered discharge of the enclosed phytosanitary agent under the influence of moisture. As a result, its targeted spreading is possible precisely at the place of action J Q, so that there is no loss of action on areas where there are no plants.
• the encapsulation enables a long-term effect. Capsules made of liposomal materials, such as phospholipids, can be mentioned as an example of suitable capsules.
• Phytophthora infestans can be particularly important plant diseases
• Phytosanitary agents are also advantageous in individual cases if no phytosanitary purpose is pursued, but rather the aim is to increase and secure the yield of crops.
• the phytosanitary agents according to the invention in combination with compost extracts can show increased effects in combating and inhibiting disease or increasing yields and securing yields.
• the compost extract can be mixed with an inventive phytosanitary agent in aqueous form immediately after it has been obtained in aqueous form and then applied immediately. It is also possible to freeze-dry the compost extract and mix it in powder form with the phytosanitary agent according to the invention. The mixing ratio is not critical here.
• the same biochemical effects are achieved as when the phytosanitary agent according to the invention is used alone. It depends on the individual case whether the phytosanitary agent according to the invention shows a better effectiveness when used alone than the combination of phytosanitary agent / compost extract. All in all, there are many possible uses for the phyto-sanitary agent according to the invention.
• a simple preliminary test can be used to determine which agent shows the optimal effect in individual cases.
• the host / parasite system used plays the essential role here.
• Which of the three cases discussed above control of the fermentation, application simultaneously with compost extracts and application alone) is particularly advantageous in the individual case can be determined by a customary screening method, with reference being made to the respective harmful organism or to the particular crop becomes.
• the plant to be protected with the corresponding harmful organism serves as the test object.
• the preparation of the compost extract / phytosanitary agent combination can be carried out, for example, as follows: 10 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention (approximately 0.3 mg of active substance in total in one liter of water) are used to stow away a part by weight of compost used.
• an aqueous solution of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention (approximately 0.3 mg of active substance in total in one liter of water) are used to stow away a part by weight of compost used.
• any type of compost can be used.
• the mixture of phytosanitary agent and compost is shaken once after being poured together.
• the temperature during the extraction is preferably about 18 to 25 ° C. Depending on the host-parasite system, it lasts about i to 30 days.
• the extracts are used immediately after filtration or preserved and stored by freeze drying or other methods. In principle, the person skilled in the art is not subject to any significant restrictions when obtaining the combination of compost extract / phytosanitary agent.
• the procedure described above can be modified in many ways.
• Fermentation process can be controlled during the extraction or post-fermentation takes place.
• the application of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention alone or in combination with the compost extract directly on the leaves (or other parts of the plant) brings about the phytosanitary effect in the following way: a) targeted promotion of
• Antagonists and / or competitors thereby suppressing harmful organisms; b) induced resistance, either the phytosanitary agent according to the invention acting directly or metabolic products of the promoted microorganisms acting as inducers and c) disruption of the recognition mechanism between the harmful organism and the useful plant due to biochemical or physical reactions.
• It can be used in aqueous form alone, in combination with aqueous compost extracts or compost press juices, in combination with resuspended compost lyophilisates and the like.
• the application is especially on above ground. Parts of plants or on seeds or on underground parts of plants.
• the following forms of application are suitable for seed treatment: seed baths in the treatment agents, coating with compost extracts, mixtures of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention with carriers or capsule insert in the manner already described.
• Botrytis cinerea-Bean was with one I I-
• the host-parasite systems strawberry-Botrytis cinerea, potato-Phytophthora infestans, barley-Erysiphe graminis, grapevine-Plasmopara viticola and grapevine-Uncinula necator showed, compared to the untreated system, treatment with an inventive combination of compost extract / phytosanitary agent of infection reduction 50%, 85%, 50 to 60%, 76 to 96% or 70 to 80% and yield increases of 20 to 40 or 95% for the host-parasite system strawberry-Botrytis cinerea and potato-phytophthora infestans.
• Potato Phytophthora infestans and grapevine Plasmopara viticola were tested in field trials, while the other host-parasite systems were tested in the greenhouse.
• the advantages which can be achieved with the invention are that the treated plants or parts of plants, such as seeds and fruits, are protected against disease, this is excluded or the harmful organisms are inhibited or killed without the use of chemically questionable biocides. In individual cases, a repellent effect on animal pests was also found (spider mites).
• the agents according to the invention can also be used to achieve quantitative and qualitative improvements in the yields of crop plants.
• plant is to be understood as widely as possible and includes living as well as dead parts of plants or plants, such as leaves, stems, fruits or seeds and underground organs and, for example, timber and the like.
• phytosanitary mixtures according to the invention are effective against the disease of Phytophthora infestans (potato herb blight) (plant: tomato) and Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) (plant: bean) in the infected plants .
• the following phytosanitary mixtures were assumed in both cases:
• L-aspartic acid 300 ⁇ g / l L-gutamic acid ⁇ g / l L-histidine ⁇ g / l L-arginine ⁇ g / l
• L-aspartic acid 300 ⁇ g / 1 L-gutamic acid ⁇ g / i L-histidine ⁇ g / l L-arginine ⁇ g / i
• the leaf extraction was carried out as follows: Bush beans c.v. Marona were grown in the greenhouse. About 14 days were estimated for the use of primary leaves in the test and about 3 to 4 weeks for secondary leaves. Thereafter, individual sheets of the same age were cut off and placed in a tray soaked with water-filled blotting paper. Special value was placed on an absolutely dry leaf surface of the bean leaves. The cultivation of the tomato plants took significantly longer at about 5 to 6 weeks.
• Tomato leaves were inoculated with a sporangia suspension of 70,000 / ml using a pump sprayer on the underside of the leaf. After the inoculation, the temperature was reduced to about 12 to 14 C for about 12 to 24 hours in order to ensure optimal hatching of the zoo spores and thus the success of the infection. A temperature of approximately 2 ° C. during the day and 17 ° C. at night was then maintained for 7 days with a light / dark change until evaluation. Botrytis inoculation was carried out simultaneously with the application of the extracts. Here the same amount of a drop of compost extract / phytosanitary agent of 0.015 ml
• the extract was obtained as follows: The respective phyto-sanitary agent (in aqueous form) was diluted 1:10. 10 parts by weight of this were used to stow a part of compost. This
• Phytophthora as further controls the application of the fresh phyto-sanitary agents 1) and 2), whereby the direct effect of the phytosanitary agent on the development of the disease can be estimated.
• the untreated tomato leaves were 80% infected with phytophthora blight.
• the compost extracts alone caused an 80% reduction in infestation, the pure phytosanitary agent 1) or agent 2) reduced the infestation to 5%.
• the application outdoors was carried out in the form of spray treatments, which were repeated every 7 to 10 days during the growing season.
• the phytosanitary agent 1) showed similar effects to pure compost extracts and reduced the phytophthora attack by about 45%.
• the mixture of compost extract and phytosanitary agent (2) reduced the infestation by 80%.
• the phytosanitary agent 4 had a good effect in experiments in viticulture. Spraying vines with this agent caused a reduction in powdery mildew infestation by more than 50%. A red burner infestation (Pseudopeziza tracheiphila) resulted in a significant reduction in infestation in this disease by about 30%.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)

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Citations (6)

• 1989
  • 1989-03-28 DE DE3910061A patent/DE3910061A1/de active Granted
• 1990
  • 1990-03-28 ZA ZA902401A patent/ZA902401B/xx unknown
  • 1990-03-28 KR KR1019900702527A patent/KR920700002A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-03-28 CN CN90104130A patent/CN1047191A/zh active Pending
  • 1990-03-28 DD DD90339159A patent/DD298338A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-03-28 HU HU902756A patent/HUT56694A/hu unknown
  • 1990-03-28 CA CA 2029877 patent/CA2029877A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-03-28 PT PT93592A patent/PT93592A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-03-28 JP JP2504931A patent/JPH03505585A/ja active Pending
  • 1990-03-28 AU AU53343/90A patent/AU5334390A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-03-28 BR BR9006157A patent/BR9006157A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-03-28 EP EP90904830A patent/EP0422147A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-03-28 WO PCT/EP1990/000491 patent/WO1990011013A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation

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