Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
  • D21J3/00—Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for the treatment of fibrous materials, in particular for the production of reliefs, wherein at least one fibrous material is used and a suspension is made therefrom, the additives are admixed and a sheet is formed from it.
• the resulting fabric can be called fiber relief.
• the procedural steps described in the introduction are generally used in the paper industry.
• the processing of the fibrous materials creates a suspension, the water content of which is kept as high as possible.
• the suspension which is as thin as possible, is required in order to be able to form a uniform, smooth, flat sheet of paper during paper production. If the water content is not sufficient for this, in the conventional method water is additionally added to the suspension before the paper surface is formed.
• the so-called composite structures should be mentioned in this context, with different sheet-like substances being applied in two dimensions to a base plate, between which the connecting force is generated with an adhesive.
• These composite structures differ from each other mainly in the quality of the applied materials and the adhesive.
• CH-PS 642.799 for example, a substrate is described wrote on which a coating of a fibrous material is applied, the other ends of the fiber being provided with a pressure-sensitive synthetic resin layer.
• DE-OS 2 455 429 a wood fiber board is treated mechanically and with different impregnating plastic resins with different curing speeds. By combining these plastic resins, a special visual effect is achieved on the surface of the wood fiber board.
• DE-OS 2 808 727 describes the production of a thin, flexible, laminated construction which has a so-called semi-solid base body. Various laminated bodies with different fabric quality, insulating ability and visual appearance are attached.
• the object of the invention is to create a method with which flat structures of high mechanical and aesthetic quality can be produced for artistic, in particular for architectural purposes, with the possibility of large-scale industrial mass production and the use of relatively cheap basic materials and which enables the use of the technologies common in the paper industry and at the same time the fulfillment of the new and ever-increasing requirements in connection with the human environment.
• the invention it is advantageous if several types of fibrous materials are used, which are suspended separately, then comminuted and mixed together to form a suspension.
• the various types of fiber can also be mixed together first, then suspended and crushed.
• the additives are mixed in two stages, namely after the suspension has been prepared and before the mass has dried out.
• the additives determining the surface quality of the fabrics, in particular the coloring, liquid and rub-resistant and / or antistatic additives are admixed.
• the suspension is compressed to a dry matter content of 25% by volume, in particular 12% by volume.
• the mass is arranged on a drainage element, which regulates the speed of the water removal.
• the fabric can be further treated such that the surface of the mass arranged on the drainage element is formed mechanically, in particular by pressing on a surface np r o f i l s and / or by shaping by hand.
• the surface formed in this way can be shaped further such that at least one further layer of the mass with at least partially different material properties is applied to the surface provided with a shaping.
• the additionally applied layer is formed from a different fiber material and / or is treated with different additives, in particular with other colors.
• the additionally applied layer can also be subjected to shaping by pressing on a surface professional and / or by hand.
• the mass arranged on the dewatering element is subjected to mechanical compression or pressing during shaping.
• the material of the drainage element and thereby that The speed of water withdrawal from the mass can be selected according to the fiber materials used.
• the dewatering element can be removed from the mass and the surface of the mass can be treated with these final chemicals, but of course also with other colored pencils.
• the fabric can be attached to a holding structure according to the invention.
• the holding structures of the flat structures are connected to one another as a frame of a modular structure.
• the invention also enables the realization in which the individual flat structures are formed as parts of a stage backdrop, the holding structures being coupled to one another with a quick-release connection.
• FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a realization variant of the method according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the one shown in FIG. 1
• FIG. 3 shows a rear view of the variant shown in FIG. 1 in perspective
• FIG. 4 shows a further advantageous embodiment in perspective
• FIG. 5 shows a cross section of the embodiment in FIG. 4
• FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a structure element of the realization form in Fig. 4,
• Fig. 7. 8 shows a cross section of the implementation in FIG
• fibrous materials are subjected to the treatment. All kinds of fibers such as Vegetable fibers, cellulose; synthetic cut fibers, natural fibers of cotton, wool, silk, etc. are used. These fibers are mostly known in the paper industry, but ordinary fiber types cannot be used there either.
• a plurality of fibrous materials can be contained in a fabric, but the method of processing crucially determines the properties of the fabric to be formed.
• the different fiber materials are set separately.
• the latter can be achieved by comminuting or milling the fiber, during which not only the lengths of the fiber but also its surface properties are changed during the milling.
• the individual suspensions of the different fiber materials are then mixed together in a common suspension, which is further treated.
• the non-homogeneous structure of the end product is an advantage because it should have a loose structure as heat and / or noise insulation, the different fibers are shredded and suspended together. As a result, fibers with different lengths, diameters and material properties are then present in the suspension, which ultimately results in a loose, leaky structure.
• additives are mixed into the suspension, advantageously in several stages. The first treatment of the suspension with the additives can take place after the suspension containing all the comminuted fibers has been formed. At this stage, the material properties of the suspension and in this way the additives that influence the end product can be mixed in.
• the suspension generally has a solids content of 3 to 8 percent by volume and the compressed viscous mass has a maximum solids content of 25 percent by volume, but usually does not exceed the value of 12 percent by volume. This proportion of the solids content depends, among other things. on the size and thickness of the area to be formed.
• a dewatering element which also serves as a supporting base for the mass and ensures the drying of the mass by controlled, slow water removal.
• this drainage element does not have to be flat, it can have any shape that also accommodates the back of the flat structure to be formed.
• the regulated slow removal of water from the mass is achieved by selecting the appropriate material of the drainage element.
• the removal of water from the mass is regulated by the water absorption capacity of the material of the drainage element.
• the drying of the mass is thus achieved in such a way that the water from the mass predominantly passes into the drainage element, as a result of which the rate at which water is removed from the mass is determined by the material properties of the drainage element.
• the shape of the surface of the fabric is still formed in the viscous state of the mass.
• this shape can be very different. It is possible to form the surface mechanically, for example by printing a negative stencil or subtracting a surface profile parallel to the fabric.
• the shaping can also be mechanized by modeling as is usual in casting technology. This enables industrial mass production of the fabric to be solved.
• the surface can also be formed by hand, any shape being possible. This enables individual, artistic works to be created.
• the shape of the surface can also be done by inserting or laying on top of various fabrics or objects va ri ized that are imprinted in the mass as part of the fabric or remain there later, and thus leave an imprint or impression.
• a second step of treating the fabric with additives can take place.
• This enables the properties, the quality of the surface, eg the color, the liquid and friction resistance, the antistatic property to be determined.
• the flat structure can also be formed from several layers.
• the further layers are also applied to the first layer as a viscous mass, it being possible for the further layers to have different material properties from the first and / or from one another.
• the layers can also be made from different fibrous materials, and the additives used can also be different.
• the shaping can take place after the application of each layer or else after the application of the last layer.
• the surface effect of the structure can also be increased by the fact that the successive layer does not completely cover the layer below, and therefore the layer below is also excellently visible with a different color or structure.
• a fabric can be arranged between two layers, for example, which is shaped according to the shape of the part of the second layer to be removed. After, for example, machine application of the second layer, this tissue can also be mechanically stored, whereby the "unnecessary" mass of the second layer is removed from the first layer.
• the mass arranged on the drainage element can be mechanically compressed.
• the mass can be better arranged on the surface of the drainage element, its shape taking up completely, and the layers can also adapt better to one another, the air bubbles which may be present are expelled.
• the drying process begins.
• the speed of water withdrawal is basically determined by the material of the drainage element used, which can be stone, brick, masonry, cullet, cement, wood, textiles, for example.
• the material of the drainage element is accordingly selected for each constellation of the components of the fabric, the solids content of the mass and the dimensions of the fabric also being taken into account.
• the optimal water drainage speed must not be exceeded.
• the fabric After it has completely dried out, the fabric is lifted off the drainage element, so this generally does not form part of the finished fabric.
• the surface of the fabric can be treated with additional additives if necessary, thereby coating the surface with a protective layer, making it antistatic, dust and liquid repellent and resistant to friction, possibly further discolouring, etc.
• the fabric can now be attached to a support structure or connected, making this usable for further use.
• a support structure or connected making this usable for further use.
• the accompanying drawings 1 shows a flat structure 1 during the manufacturing process, namely during drying.
• the fabric 1 is arranged on a drainage element, which is designed here as a wooden grid 2 and a sieve-like fabric 3 placed thereon.
• the water withdrawal is determined by the properties of the fabric 3, the material and other parameters of which are chosen with regard to it.
• the fabric 1 itself is formed from several layers 4, 5 and 6 of the mass, each of which is made of a different fibrous material and treated with different additives.
• the surface parts 7, 8, 9 and 10 have different characters, which, combined with the formed shape, trigger artistic effects of high aesthetic quality.
• the motif on the surface of the kitchen area thus arises from the combination of the effects of the materials of layers 4 to 6, the additives used, the colors and the shape of the surface areas 7 to 10.
• the area 1 becomes lifted off the fabric 3 and can continue to be used.
• the flat structure 1 according to FIG. 2 is fastened to a frame 11, which provides increased stability and the possibility of connecting the flat structure 1.
• the easiest way to attach the sheet 1 to the frame 11 is with a suitable adhesive. 2, the surface parts 7 to 10 can still be seen.
• Fig. 3 the back of the sheet 1 is shown, which is provided with a profile 12 which increases the stability of the sheet 1.
• This profile 12 is itself formed from the material of the fabric 1, namely in the way that the mass was applied to a water removal element which had a shape corresponding to the negative of this profile 12, which when applied by the Mass was filled in with this embodiment there is no need for an additional frame.
• the room divider is constructed from two types of flat structures 1 and 12.
• the fabrics 1 have a substantially flat surface, during which the surface of the
• Flat structures 12 are curved (see also FIG. 6). Both types of fabrics 1 and 12 can be produced as described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3. As can be seen from Fig. 4, the fabrics 1 and 12 are connected to each other, whereby a self-supporting construction is created. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 5, the flat structures 1, 12 are each fastened to the frame 11 and the frames 11 are connected by screws to a plate 14 made of wood or suitable metal. If both sides of a wall of the room part are to serve as the outer surface, then two plates 14 can be arranged facing one another and connected to one another at the top with a strip 15 and below in a foot part 16.
• FIG. 7 and 8 illustrate the versatility of the possible uses of the area according to the invention using the example of a stage kiss.
• stage set shown three different larger flat structures 17, 18 and 19 and two smaller ones are used
• Sheets 20 and 21 are required, the latter being connected to the former with a connection which enables a quick connection, for example with zippers.
• the separating surfaces between the flat structures 17 to 19 are indicated in FIG. 7 with a broken line.
• the flat structures 17 are designed such that they cover the separating surfaces between them and the flat structures 18 and thereby make them invisible.
• the sheets 17 to 19 have a curved shape and are attached to a likewise curved frame 22.
• a support structure 23 of the stage sets is attached, whereby the scenes can be connected to each other or moved.
• the flat structures 20 and 21 are arranged such that they cover the separating surfaces between the two flat structures 19. They are fastened by the zippers after the stage set has been assembled, i.e. pressed onto the surface of the fabrics 19.
• the fabrics 17 to 21 can also be produced in this case with the technology already described, the variability, the creation of various, especially natural visual effects are also available here, during which the specific weight is extremely low. These features are particularly important in stage sets.
• the fabrics made using the method according to the invention can be used in a fairly wide range.
• the appropriate selection of fibers and additives not only aesthetic, artistic effects can be called in advance, but also technical problems can be solved.
• the insulating ability of the flat structures should be mentioned, which also enables the subsequent heat and / or noise isolation of rooms while at the same time fulfilling the aesthetic aspects.
• severe acoustic problems can be solved, the various surface structures being usable as "acoustic tiles", each of which can have a different, best-serving sound absorption.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10980754

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Citations (6)

• 1987
  • 1987-03-10 WO PCT/HU1987/000011 patent/WO1988007105A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1987-03-20 CS CS871898A patent/CS268175B2/cs unknown

Patent Citations (6)

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