Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
  • A61K33/42—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

• This invention relates to the inhibition of tumor development with respect to tumor cells _in. vitro and actual tumor development in vivo in warm blooded animals.
• the disease of cancer results from development of malignant tumors.
• a vast amount of medical research has been committed to reducing and overcoming the scourge of cancer.
• a cure for cancer has not been found.
• the present invention builds on this knowledge to provide a material which inhibits tumor development and a method for inhibiting such development.
• lymphocytes Among the cells contained in mammalian body fluids are lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclar cells. These cells act as a natural surveillance system against tumor development in lower mammals, such as rodents up to humans. In recent years it has been observed that a particular subpopulation of lymphocytes or lymphoid cells, termed “Natural Killer” or “NK” cells, destroy tumor cells and thus prevent development of cancer. The weight of evidence suggests that NK cells possess cytolytic activity related to generation of an active oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H Gan0 flick) or oxygen-containing radicals, e.g. hydroxyl anion (OH) and superoxide anion (0 ").
• H hydrogen peroxide
• OH hydroxyl anion
• superoxide anion e.g. hydroxyl anion (OH) and superoxide anion (0 ").
• NK cells and active oxygen phenomena are described by Herberman et al, Science, Vol. 214, 2 October 1981, pages 24-30; Roder et al, Nature, Vol. 298, 5 August 1982, pages 569-572; Nathan et al, Journal of Immunology, Vol. 129, No. 5, November, 1982, pages 2164-2171; and Mavier et al, Journal of Immunology, Vol. 132, No. 4, April, 1984, pages 1980-1986.
• Peroxydiphosphate compound differs from most oxygen providing compounds in that it does not provide an initial burst of hydrogen peroxide. Rather, it releases hydrogen peroxide slowly such that when equivalent concentrations are compared to hydrogen peroxide, the amount of oxygen released by the peroxydiphosphate is one-tenth the amount of available oxygen released by hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, only about 50% of the active oxygen is released in 20 hours at 25°C in the presence of alkaline phosphatase or acid phosphatase each of which is present in the bodies of warm blooded animals, including mice, rats, humans, etc.
• tumor development is inhibited on tumor cells in vitro and in actual malignant tumor development in vivo in warm blooded animals, such as rodents ranging up to humans.
• this invention relates to a composition comprising a dosage amount of about 0.1-10% of a non-toxic water-soluble pharmaceutically acceptable compound derivative of peroxydiphosphoric acid dissolved or dispersed in a pharmaceutical carrier.
• this invention relates to a method of inhibiting tumor formation having malignant tumor cells in which a composition comprising a non-toxic dosage amount of about 0-1.6 gm per kg of body weight of a warm blooded animal of a non-toxic water-soluble pharmaceutically acceptable compound derivative of peroxydiphosphoric acid dissolved or dispersed within a pharmaceutical carrier is administered to a warm blooded animal host by oral ingestion in a regimen which provides about 0-1.6 gm per kg body weight of said warm blooded animal per day.
• this invention relates to a method of inhibiting tumor formation in which a composition comprising a non-toxic dosage amount of about 0-1.2 gm per kg of body weight of a warm blooded animal having malignant tumor cells of a non-toxic water-soluble pharmaceutically acceptable compound derivative of peroxydiphosphoric acid dissoved or dispersed in a pharmaceutical carrier is administered systemically to a warm blooded animal host in a regimen which provides about 0.1-2 gm per kg body weight of same warm blooded animal.
• the peroxydiphosphate compound is in the form of a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable compound, which goes beyond salt indicated in earlier mentioned U.S. Patent 4,041,149.
• Compounds include alkali metal (e.g. lithium, sodium and potassium) alkaline earth metal (e.g. magnesium, calcium and strontium), zinc and tin salts as well as organic peroxydiphosphate C, , accent alkyl, adenylyl, guanylyl, cytosylyl and thymylyl esters and also quaternary ammonium and the like salts.
• Alkali metal, particularly potassium salt is preferred from among the inorganic cations.
• the tetrapotassium peroxydiphosphate is a stable, odorless, finely divided, free-flowing, white non-hygroscopic crystalline solid having a molecular weight of 346.35 and an active oxygen content of 4.6%.
• Tetrapotassium peroxydiphosphate is 47-51% water-soluble at 0°-61°C, but insoluble in common solvents such as acetonitrile, alcohols, ethers, ketones, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like.
• a 2% aqueous solution has a pH of about 9.6 and a saturated solution thereof a pH of about 10.9.
• a 10% solution in water at 25°C showed no active oxygen loss after four months; and at 50°C a 10% solution showed an active oxygen loss of 3% in six months.
• the organic salts can be particularly suitable for administration against malignant tumors.
• organic esters those providing hydrophobic properties such as C, , rule alkyl radical and those which facilitate the rapid uptake of peroxydiphosphate moiety by the cells, such as adenylyl, guanylyl, cytosylyl and thymylyl, esters are preferred.
• Pharmaceutical carriers suitable for oral ingestion are coated tablets composed of material which resists breakdown by gastric acids in the stomach pH (about 1-3) since peroxydiphosphate would be inactivated by such gastric acids. Rather, the carriers, with tableted granules of the peroxydiphosphoric acid salt solid material therein, are dissolved by intestinal fluids which have a higher pH (about 5.5-10) and do not inactivate the peroxydiphosphate, leaving it subject to enzymatic action by phosphatase present in humans or other warm blooded animals.
• a desirable tablet coating solution is composed of a fatty acid ester such as N-butyl stearate (typically about 40-50, preferably about 45 parts by weight), wax such as carnuba wax (typically about 15-25, preferably about 20 parts by weight), fatty acid such as stearic acid (typically about 20-30 parts, preferably 25 parts by weight) and cellulose ester, such as cellulose acetate phthalate (typically about 5-15, preferably about 10 parts by weight) and organic solvent (typically about 400-900 parts).
• Other desirable coating materials include shellac and copolymers of maleic anhydride and ethylenic compounds such as polyvinyl methyl ether. Such coatings are distinct from tablets which are broken down in the oral cavity in which the tablet material typically contains about 80-90 parts by weight of mannitol and about 30-40 parts by weight of magnesium stearate.
• Tabletted granules of the peroxydiphosphate salt are formed by blending about 30-50 parts by weight of the peroxydiphosphate salt with about 45-65 parts by weight of a polyhydroxy sugar solid such as mannitol and wetting with about 20-35 parts by weight of a polyhydroxy sugar compound solution such as sorbitol, screening to size, blending with about 20-35 parts by weight of a binding agent such as magnesium stearate and compressing the granules into tablets with a tablet compressing machine.
• the tabletted granules are coated by spraying a foam of a solution of the coating material thereon and drying to remove solvent.
• Such tablets differ from dental tablets which are typically compressed granules without a special protective coating.
• An effective dosage of administration of peroxydiphosphate with a prescribed regimen when administration is by oral ingestion, is about 0.1-6 kg of body weight daily; when administration is systemic, such as by intramuscular, intraperitoneal or intravenous injection, the dosage is about 0.1-2 kg of body weight daily.
• Physiologically acceptable pyrogen-free solvents are suitable carriers for use in the art-recognized manner for systemic administration.
• Saline solution buffered with phosphate to a physiological pH of about 7 to 7.4 is the preferred carrier for systemic administration.
• Such solvents are distinct from water- humectant vehicles typically used in dentifrices.
• Such solution is typically prepared by sterilizing deionized distilled water, checking to insure non-pyrogenicity using the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test described by Tsuji et al in "Pharmaceutical Manufacturing", October, 1984, pages 35-41, and then adding thereto a phosphate buffer (pH e.g.
• LAL Limulus amebocyte lysate
• PDP Peroxydiphosphate compound release hydrogen peroxide slowly in the presence of phosphatase enzymes in accordance with the following equation: wherein X is a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable cation or completes an organic ester moiety. Phosphatase to break down the peroxydiphosphate is present in saliva as well as in plasma, intestinal fluids and white blood cells. The slow oxygen release is particularly effective in supplementing the effectiveness of NK cells against malignant tumor cells which respond to peroxydiphosphate therapy. When warm bloode ⁇ animals are treated with PDP in accordance with the present invention it is desirable to provide a regimen whereby treatment continues at least until tumors are regressed.
• PDP potassium salt
• the cell viability is determined by removing aliquots from the wells over the time specified in Table 1. The viability is assessed by the trypan blue exclusion test. Fresh medium is added in each well, each day to maintain the necessary - 7 - growth conditions. The inhibition was calculated by comparing % of cells alive in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) vs. PDP. The data is summarized in Table 1.
• PBS phosphate buffer saline
• potassium salt of PDP is highly cytotoxic and inhibitative to the murine myeloma (cancer) cells.
• Table 2 describes the effects on normal cells (human gingival fibroblast) .
• mice having an average weight of 20 grams ⁇ 3 grams groups of 25 animals each: (a) control treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS); (b) treated with potassium peroxydiphosphate (PDP) and PBS, pH 7.0; and (c) potassium pyrophosphate (KPP) and PBS as a phosphate control.
• PBS phosphate buffer saline
• PDP potassium peroxydiphosphate
• KPP potassium pyrophosphate
• Each animal receives 0.2 ml of Pristane intraperitoneally (I.P.) to prime animals for malignant SPsmelling cells (murine myeloma carcinoma tumor cells) implantation. After three weeks, the animals are put on oral ingestion treatment regime as follows: group (a) receiving via I.P.
• I.P. Pristane intraperitoneally
• each animal is inoculated (I.P.) with 2 to 3 10 cells of SP playing (mice tumor cells, murine myeloma). Thereafter, the animals are given their respective materials, once daily for 5 days/week. That is, (a) PBS, (b) PDP or (c) KPP. The animals are scored for tumor development and death each week. The data is analyzed using the Mantel-Haenszel procedure (Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data from Retrospective Studies of Disease, J.
• Organic compounds of PDP particularly C, , alkyl, adenylyl, guanylyl, cytosylyl, thymylyl esters and tetramethyl ammonium salts are also effective in countering growth of murine myeloma malignant tumor cells.
• the tablets are coated with an enteric coating solution of the following composition:
• the coating is carried out by a pouring procedure in a conventional coating pan.
• Deionized distilled water is stabilized at atmospheric pressure for 20 minutes in an autoclave. After cooling, it is tested for non-pyrogenicity using the Limulus Amebocyte Lystate (LAL) as described by Tsuji et al in "Pharmaceutical Manufacturing", October, 1984, pages 35-41. 50 parts of potassium peroxydiphosphate, sodium chloride in amount corresponding to 0.9% of solution and 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing KH Constant, and Na ⁇ -HPO, , pH 9.4 are added to the pyrogen-free sterile water. The solution is then sterilized by passing it through a 0.5 micropore filter and is then packed in sterile files.
• LAL Limulus Amebocyte Lystate

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
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• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

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• 1985
  • 1985-06-03 DK DK248085A patent/DK168191B1/da active
  • 1985-06-04 ZW ZW95/85A patent/ZW9585A1/xx unknown
  • 1985-06-04 NZ NZ212301A patent/NZ212301A/en unknown
  • 1985-06-11 SE SE8502876A patent/SE468501B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-06-13 FR FR8508957A patent/FR2566665B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1985-06-14 IL IL75518A patent/IL75518A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-06-14 MC MC851774A patent/MC1672A1/xx unknown
  • 1985-06-14 GB GB08515105A patent/GB2161074B/en not_active Expired
  • 1985-06-17 IT IT8548226A patent/IT1209961B/it active
  • 1985-06-21 WO PCT/US1985/001168 patent/WO1986000225A1/en unknown
  • 1985-06-24 BE BE0/215249A patent/BE902732A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-06-25 PT PT80707A patent/PT80707B/pt unknown
  • 1985-06-25 AT AT0188385A patent/AT392002B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-06-25 FI FI852504A patent/FI84697C/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-06-26 LU LU85976A patent/LU85976A1/fr unknown
  • 1985-06-26 IE IE159785A patent/IE58434B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-06-26 MA MA20694A patent/MA20467A1/fr unknown
  • 1985-06-26 NL NL8501840A patent/NL8501840A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1985-06-26 DE DE19853523263 patent/DE3523263A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1985-06-26 KR KR1019850004549A patent/KR880002266B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-06-26 JP JP60140118A patent/JPH0623108B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1985-06-26 AU AU44187/85A patent/AU578104B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1985-06-26 ES ES544565A patent/ES8801122A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1985-06-27 CH CH2758/85A patent/CH668361A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-06-27 GR GR851575A patent/GR851575B/el unknown
• 1987
  • 1987-03-11 PH PH35012A patent/PH25613A/en unknown

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