US9987882B2 - Tire with a radial or cross-ply carcass - Google Patents

Tire with a radial or cross-ply carcass Download PDF

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Publication number
US9987882B2
US9987882B2 US14/390,946 US201314390946A US9987882B2 US 9987882 B2 US9987882 B2 US 9987882B2 US 201314390946 A US201314390946 A US 201314390946A US 9987882 B2 US9987882 B2 US 9987882B2
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Prior art keywords
reinforcing
layer
rubber
tire
ply
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US20150114534A1 (en
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Jean-Michel Huyghe, JR.
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C19/00—Tyre parts or constructions not otherwise provided for
    • B60C19/08—Electric-charge-dissipating arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/1807—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers comprising fabric reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/1835—Rubber strips or cushions at the belt edges
    • B60C2009/1842—Width or thickness of the strips or cushions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/1835—Rubber strips or cushions at the belt edges
    • B60C2009/1864—Rubber strips or cushions at the belt edges wrapped around the edges of the belt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C2009/2012—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C2009/2035—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel built-up by narrow strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C2009/2048—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by special physical properties of the belt plies
    • B60C2009/2051—Modulus of the ply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/1835—Rubber strips or cushions at the belt edges
    • B60C9/185—Rubber strips or cushions at the belt edges between adjacent or radially below the belt plies

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to radial or cross-ply tires.
  • Radial tires have gradually found their way into various markets, notably the passenger car tire market. This success is due in particular to the qualities that radial tire technology displays in terms of endurance, comfort and low rolling resistance.
  • the main parts of a tire are the tread, the sidewalls and the beads.
  • the beads are intended to come into contact with the rim.
  • each of the main parts that make up the tire, namely the tread, the sidewalls and the beads has functions clearly separated from one another and therefore has a well known specific makeup.
  • a radial tire is essentially reinforced by a carcass reinforcement comprising at least one carcass ply making, under the tread, an angle substantially equal to 90° with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • This carcass reinforcement is surmounted radially on the outside, and under the tread, by reinforcing plies that form a belt.
  • a cross-ply tire differs from a radial tire through the presence of at least two crossed carcass plies making angles other than 90° with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • the plies are said to be “crossed” because the angles are of opposite signs from one ply to the other.
  • the circumferential direction of the tire is the direction comprised in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire and tangential to the belt reinforcer of the tire.
  • the tread which is in direct contact with the ground, has the notable function of providing contact with the roadway and has to adapt to suit the shape of the ground.
  • the sidewalls for their part, absorb unevenesses of the ground while transmitting the mechanical forces needed for bearing the load of the vehicle and allowing it to move along.
  • the belt reinforcer is a reinforcement which needs, on the one hand, to be sufficiently rigid with respect to deformations on the edge so that the tire can develop the cornering forces necessary for steering it, and transmit the driving or braking torque and, on the other hand, to be very flexible in bending, i.e. allow variations of curvature of its plane in order to ensure a sufficient surface area for contact between the tire and the ground.
  • the belt reinforcer generally has a composite structure allowing it to offer the required stiffness for a relatively low weight.
  • the belt reinforcer is generally made up of at least two plies at different angles, containing reinforcers, in the form of cables, coated in rubber.
  • the reinforcing elements are crossed from one ply to the other with respect to the circumferential direction and may or may not be symmetric about this direction.
  • This tire has the notable benefit of being more lightweight than the tires of the prior art, while at the same time maintaining very good cornering stiffness.
  • cornering stiffness of a tire has a decisive influence over the transverse stability of the vehicle.
  • the cornering angle is defined as the angle of the plane of the wheel with respect to the path followed by the tire.
  • Document DE 2005 049184 A1 also describes a tire comprising a crown zone which notably comprises a reinforcing ply and a hooping ply which are separated by at least one cushioning rubber inserted at each axial end of the crown zone, and between at least two radially successive plies.
  • the hooping ply may be positioned variably with respect to the radial axis. This document provides no indication as to the widths of the plies.
  • the subject of embodiments of the invention is therefore a tire comprising at least one carcass reinforcement radially inside a belt reinforcer comprising a first and a second end, the said belt reinforcer being radially inside a tread, comprising the following distinct elements:
  • This tire comprises at least one layer of edge uncoupling rubber, positioned at least radially between the hooping ply and the reinforcing ply and positioned at at least one transverse end of the belt reinforcer, the said layer of edge uncoupling rubber having a total length comprised between 10 and 40 mm and a thickness comprised between 0.2 and 1.2 mm.
  • This tire is characterized in that it comprises at least one reinforcing ply, and in that at at least one end of the belt reinforcer, the half-widths L1 and L2 are different, and manifest a difference (L1 ⁇ L2) comprised between 5 and 10 mm.
  • the reinforcing ply makes an angle comprised between +/ ⁇ 20° and +/ ⁇ 50° with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • these may each be positioned at an angle comprised between +/ ⁇ 20° and +/ ⁇ 50°, except for 0°, with respect to the circumferential direction, and with respect to one another, with all possible combinations of angles.
  • the thickness of this edge uncoupling rubber may be uniform or non-uniform across its entire width.
  • the tire according to an embodiment of the invention has the advantage of maintaining homogeneous local operation of each element of which the belt reinforcer is made, relative to one another, particularly at the edges of the ply, by controlling or even reducing shear movements.
  • the edge uncoupling rubber has a secant modulus at 10% elongation comprised between 3 and 70 MPa, the said layer of rubber preferably being positioned at each of the transverse ends of the belt reinforcer.
  • the layer of edge uncoupling rubber is preferably positioned at each of the transverse ends of the belt reinforcer, between the reinforcing ply and the hooping ply or, alternatively, both underneath and on top of the reinforcing ply so as to form a turn-up around the reinforcing ply, or alternatively still, both between the reinforcing ply and the hooping ply, at at least one transverse end of the belt reinforcer, and underneath and on top of the reinforcing ply at another end of the belt reinforcer.
  • each layer of coating rubber of the reinforcing layer may comprise a diene rubber.
  • Each layer of coating rubber of the reinforcing layer is preferably made of polymer and more preferably made of thermoplastic polymer.
  • Each layer of coating rubber of the reinforcing layer may comprise at least one liquid plasticizer, possibly combined with at least one tackifying resin.
  • each layer of coating rubber of the polymer reinforcing layer may have a secant modulus at 10% elongation, denoted Ms, greater than or equal to 30 MPa, preferably comprised between 40 and 120 MPa.
  • Each layer of coating rubber of the reinforcing polymer layer is preferably based on a diene rubber selected from the group consisting of polybutadienes, natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprenes, various copolymers of butadiene, various copolymers of isoprene, and mixtures of these elastomers.
  • the polymer of the said reinforcing polymer layer is advantageously multiaxially stretched.
  • the strips of the thermoplastic polymer layer may have a rectangular cross section and be positioned substantially parallel two by two, the said strips being positioned preferably between two layers of coating rubber.
  • the strips may be assembled with one another using flexible fixing means that allow them to pivot relative to one another.
  • the reinforcing strips preferably have a width at least equal to five times their maximum thickness and more preferably at least equal to 20 times their maximum thickness.
  • the reinforcing strips may have a tensile modulus greater than or equal to 500 MPa.
  • the thermoplastic polymer layer may form a film which, whatever the direction of tension considered in the plane of the film, has a Young's modulus E which is greater than 1000 MPa, preferably greater than 2000 MPa.
  • the circumferential filamentary reinforcing elements may, depending on choice, comprise steel, textile, carbon fibre, glass fibre, a thermoplastic polymer and combinations thereof.
  • thermoplastic polymer is preferably the thermoplastic polymer PET.
  • the textile is preferably selected from polyester, aramid, nylon, rayon or combinations thereof.
  • the tire may comprise at least one electrically conducting rubber positioned between the belt reinforcer and the tread. This layer may also perform an additional role of preventing punctures.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the design of a tire according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a tire in section on the radial plane
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the transverse end situated to the left of the axis AA′ and depicting the belt reinforcer of a tire according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the transverse end situated to the right of the axis AA′ and depicting the belt reinforcer of a tire according to a second embodiment.
  • the radial tire for a passenger vehicle with general reference 1 , according to the prior art, comprises a carcass reinforcement 2 radially on the inside of a belt reinforcer of general reference 3 , the said belt reinforcer 3 being radially on the inside of a tread 4 .
  • the belt reinforcer 3 comprises a hooping ply 5 and a reinforcing ply 6 .
  • the hooping ply 5 is radially on the outside of the reinforcing ply 6 .
  • the hooping ply 5 is usually made up of filamentary reinforcing elements, parallel two by two. These reinforcers are generally textile cables (for example made of nylon, rayon, polyester, aramid) or hybrid cables (for example made of aramid-nylon). In practice, because they are helically wound, the reinforcers of the hooping ply 5 are not strictly parallel to the circumferential direction, but make with this direction an angle at most equal to 7 degrees.
  • the reinforcing ply 6 is made up of a layer of polymer, preferably thermoplastic, for example polyethylene terephthalate (PET), itself positioned between two layers of coating rubber.
  • polymer preferably thermoplastic, for example polyethylene terephthalate (PET), itself positioned between two layers of coating rubber.
  • the tire of the invention depicts two embodiments of the belt reinforcer according to the invention, one on each side of the axis AA′.
  • the belt reinforcer comprises a reinforcing ply 6 positioned radially towards the outside of the carcass reinforcement 2 and radially towards the inside of the hooping ply 5 .
  • a layer of edge uncoupling rubber 7 is positioned axially between the reinforcing ply 6 and the hooping ply 5 .
  • This layer of edge uncoupling rubber 7 has a secant modulus at 10% elongation of 16 MPa.
  • the hooping ply 5 has a half-width L1, and the reinforcing ply 6 a half-width L2.
  • the half-width L1 is greater than the half-width L2.
  • the difference (L1 ⁇ L2) is approximately 6 mm.
  • the reinforcing ply layer 6 is positioned radially on the outside of the carcass reinforcement 2 .
  • the layer of edge uncoupling rubber 7 is positioned axially between the reinforcing ply 6 and the hooping ply 5 .
  • This layer of edge uncoupling rubber 7 has a secant modulus at 10% elongation of 16 MPa.
  • the total length (l b +l c ) of this rubber 7 in the transverse direction is approximately 15 mm, and its thickness (namely its dimension in a substantially radial direction), which is substantially uniform along its length, is approximately 0.4 mm.
  • the length l x comprises the edge uncoupling rubber 7 and part of the hooping ply 5 . It is sub-divided into three sub-lengths l a , l b and l c .
  • the sub-length l a is situated between the outside transverse end 8 of the hooping ply 5 and the outside transverse end 9 of the edge uncoupling rubber 7 .
  • the sub-length l b is situated between the outside end 9 of the edge uncoupling rubber 7 and the outside end 10 of the reinforcing ply 6 .
  • the sub-length l c is situated between the outside end 10 of the reinforcing ply 6 and the inside end 11 of the edge uncoupling rubber 7 .
  • the sub-length l a is comprised between approximately 2 and 5 mm
  • the sub-length l b is comprised between 5 and 10 mm
  • the sub-length l c is comprised between 5 and 15 mm, and is 10 mm.
  • the sub-lengths l a , l b and l c may be the same or different.
  • the belt reinforcer 3 comprises at least one reinforcing ply 6 and a single hooping ply 5 .
  • Each of these plies may be positioned radially in alternation, and in any possible combinations or arrangement provided that the hooping ply 5 is always radially on the outside of the reinforcing ply 6 .
  • a layer 7 of edge uncoupling rubber may be positioned between each ply 5 , 6 or just some of the reinforcing plies 6 .
  • This edge uncoupling rubber 7 may also have overall lengths that differ according to its location between the reinforcing plies 6 and the hooping ply 5 .
  • FIG. 4 differs from FIG. 3 in that the edge uncoupling rubber 7 is positioned both underneath and on top of the reinforcing ply 6 so as to surround it, thereby forming a turn-up around this ply 6 .
  • the turn-up is present at just one axial end of the belt reinforcer 3 , it is preferably present on that end that will face towards the outside of the vehicle once the tire has been mounted on the rim.
  • This turn-up may be present at just one transverse end or at both transverse ends of the belt reinforcer 3 .
  • the edge uncoupling rubber coats the reinforcing ply 6 .
  • the edge uncoupling rubber 7 has an overall length lx. This overall length is broken down into three sub-lengths l d , l e and l f .
  • the sub-length l d is situated between the outside transverse end 8 of the hooping ply 5 and the outside end 10 of the reinforcing ply 6 .
  • the sub-length l e is situated between the outside end 10 of the reinforcing ply 6 and the end 12 of the radially internal part of the edge uncoupling rubber 7 .
  • the sub-length l f is situated between the outside end 10 of the reinforcing ply 6 and the end 13 of the radially external part of the edge uncoupling rubber 7 .
  • the sub-lengths l e and l f may be the same or different.
  • the sub-length l d is comprised between approximately 4 and 12 mm
  • the sub-length l e is comprised between approximately 5 and 20 mm
  • the sub-length l f is comprised between approximately 5 and 20 mm.
  • the turn-up of the edge uncoupling rubber 7 around the reinforcing ply 6 which is depicted in FIG. 4 is positioned in such a way that it encompasses the end 10 of the reinforcing ply 6 .
  • the polymer is preferably a thermoplastic polymer and constitutes the reinforcing ply 6 , having been multiaxially stretched. It takes the form of strips of rectangular cross section. Multiaxially stretched films are well known for being used, essentially these days, in the packaging and foodstuffs industries, in the electrical field or even as a support for magnetic coatings.
  • the polymer used according to the invention is the one described in application WO2010/115860 A1, notably from page 8, paragraph 39 to page 12, paragraph 62 inclusive.
  • the coating rubber which coats each polymer layer of the reinforcing ply 6 may also coat the filamentary reinforcing elements of the hooping ply 5 .
  • this coating rubber is a diene rubber.
  • diene elastomers may be classified into two categories: those which are “essentially unsaturated” or those which are “essentially saturated”. “Essentially unsaturated” means a diene elastomer derived at least in part from conjugated diene monomers with a proportion of blocks or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) that is greater than 15% (mol %); thus diene elastomers such as butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and alpha-olefins of the EPDM type do not fall under the foregoing definition and may notably be qualified as “essentially saturated” diene elastomers (in which the proportion of blocks of diene origin is low or very low, always below 15%).
  • a “highly unsaturated” diene elastomer means in particular a diene elastomer having a proportion of blocks of diene origin (conjugated dienes) that is higher than 50%.
  • the present invention is preferably implemented using a diene elastomer of the highly unsaturated type.
  • This diene elastomer is more preferably selected from the group consisting of polybutadienes (BR), natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), the various copolymers of butadiene, the various copolymers of isoprene, and mixtures of these elastomers, such copolymers notably being selected from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR), isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene-styrene copolymers (SIR) and isoprene-butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBIR).
  • SBR butadiene-styrene copolymers
  • BIR isoprene-butadiene copolymers
  • SIR isoprene-styrene copolymers
  • SBIR isoprene-butadiene-styrene copolymers
  • One particularly preferred embodiment is to use an “isoprene” elastomer, namely a homopolymer or a copolymer of isoprene, or in other words, a diene elastomer selected from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), the various copolymers of isoprene and mixtures of these elastomers.
  • the isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or a synthetic polyisoprene of cis-1,4 type. Of these synthetic polyisoprenes, use is preferably made of polyisoprenes having a proportion (mol %) of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, more preferably still, greater than 98%.
  • each layer of rubber composition contains from 50 to 100 phr of natural rubber.
  • the diene elastomer may consist, in full or in part, of another diene elastomer such as, for example, an SBR elastomer which may or may not be used cut with another elastomer, for example of the BR type.
  • the rubber composition may contain just one or several diene elastomer(s), it being possible for the latter to be used in combination with any type of synthetic elastomer other than a diene elastomer, or even with polymers other than elastomers.
  • the rubber composition may also contain all or some of the additives habitually used in the rubber matrices intended for the manufacture of tires, such as, for example, reinforcing fillers such as carbon black or silica, coupling agents, anti-ageing agents, antioxidants, plasticizers or oils of extension, plasticizing resins with a high Tg greater than 30° C., processability agents (making it easier to work), compositions in the raw state, tackifying resins, antireversion agents, acceptors and donors of methylene such as, for example, HMT (hexamethylenetetramine) or H3M (hexamethoxymethylmelamine), reinforcing resins (such as resorcinol or bismaleimide), known adhesion-promoting systems of the metal salt type for example, notably salts of cobalt, nickel or lanthanide, a crosslinking or vulcanizing system.
  • reinforcing fillers such as carbon black or silica
  • coupling agents such as carbon black or silica
  • the system for crosslinking the rubber composition is a system referred to as a vulcanizing system, namely one based on sulphur (or on a sulphur donor) and on a primary vulcanization accelerator.
  • a vulcanizing system namely one based on sulphur (or on a sulphur donor) and on a primary vulcanization accelerator.
  • secondary accelerators or vulcanization activators such as stearic acid, zinc oxide, guanidine derivatives, retardants or antireversion agents may be added to this basic vulcanization system.
  • Any compound capable of acting as an accelerator of the vulcanization of the diene elastomers in the presence of sulphur may be used as a (primary or secondary) accelerator, notably accelerators of the thiazol type, and derivatives thereof, accelerators of the sulphenamide, thiuram, dithiocarbamate, dithiophosphate, thiourea and xanthate type.
  • MBTS 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulphide
  • CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide
  • DCBS N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide
  • TBBS N-ter-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide
  • TSSI N-ter-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenimide
  • TBZTD tetrabenzylthiuram disulphide
  • ZBEC zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate
  • ZBEC 1-phenyl-2,4-dithiobiuret
  • DTB zinc dibutylphosphorodithioate
  • ZDT/S zinc 2-ethylhexylphosphorodithioate
  • vulcanization retarders examples include, for example, N-cyclohexylthiophthalimide (CTP for short) marketed under the tradename “Vulkalent G” by the company Lanxess, N-(trichloromethylthio)benzenesulphonamide marketed under the tradename “Vulkalent E/C” by Lanxess, or alternatively phthalic anhydride marketed under the tradename “Vulkalent B/C” by Lanxess.
  • CTP N-cyclohexylthiophthalimide
  • Vulkalent G by the company Lanxess
  • N-(trichloromethylthio)benzenesulphonamide marketed under the tradename “Vulkalent E/C” by Lanxess
  • phthalic anhydride marketed under the tradename “Vulkalent B/C” by Lanxess.
  • All carbon blacks notably blacks of type HAF, ISAF, SAF conventionally used in tires (referred to as tire grade blacks), are suitable as carbon blacks.
  • carbon blacks of (ASTM) grade 300, 600 or 700 for example N326, N330, N347, N375, N683, N772 will be mentioned more particularly.
  • Precipitated or pyrogenated silicas having a BET surface area less than 450 m 2 /g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 /g, are notably suitable as silicas.
  • Very high modulus rubber compositions that can be used in the context of the present invention and which hitherto have normally been reserved for regions of the tires that are more rigid than those of the belt, particularly for the beads of these tires, have, for example, been described in patent documents WO 2005/113259 (or U.S. Pat. No. 8,033,311) and WO 2005/113887 (or US 2008/0318077), together with detailed formulations thereof.
  • Sulphur is used at a preferred content comprised between 2 and 15 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of rubber), and more preferably between 3 and 12 phr.
  • the primary vulcanization accelerator for example a sulphenamide, is used at a preferred content comprised between 0.5 and 10 phr.
  • the vulcanization retardant if present, is used at a preferred content comprised between 0.1 and 2 phr.
  • the content of reinforcing filler is preferably higher than 50 phr, for example comprised between 60 and 140 phr; more preferably still it is higher than 70 phr, notably comprised between 70 and 120 phr.
  • the rubber composition may advantageously also contain an additional reinforcing resin consisting for example of a methylene acceptor, such as a formophenolic resin, at a preferred content comprised between 5 and 30 phr, more preferably between 10 and 25 phr, and a methylene donor such as HMT or H3M, at a preferred content comprised between 2 and 20 phr, more preferably between 5 and 15 phr.
  • a methylene acceptor such as a formophenolic resin
  • HMT or H3M methylene donor
  • each layer of rubber composition comprises more than 5 phr, preferably between 5 and 30 phr, of a plasticizing agent, preferably in liquid form at ambient temperature (20° C.), intended to improve the processability (workability) of the rubber compositions in the raw state.
  • any oil of extension whether of aromatic or nonaromatic nature, any plasticizing agent known for its plasticizing properties towards diene elastomers can be used.
  • Liquid plasticizers selected from the group consisting of naphthenic oils (low or high viscosity, notably hydrogenated or otherwise), paraffin oils, MES (Medium Extracted Solvates) oils, DAE (Distillate Aromatic Extracts) oils, TDAE (Treated Distillate Aromatic Extracts) oils, RAE (Residual Aromatic Extracts) oils, TRAE (Treated Residual Aromatic Extracts) oils, SRAE (Safety Residual Aromatic Extracts) oils, mineral oils, vegetable oils, ether plasticizers, ester plasticizers, phosphate plasticizers, sulphonate plasticizers and mixtures of these compounds are particularly suitable.
  • each layer of rubber composition contains more than 3 phr, preferably between 3 and 15 phr, of a tackifying resin (remember, this is a resin able to provide some degree of “tack”, namely immediate stickiness when pressed lightly against a support), intended to improve the stickiness in the raw state of the rubber compositions and the calendaring process during the manufacture of the multilayer laminate of the invention.
  • a tackifying resin preferably between 3 and 15 phr
  • the name “resin” is reserved for compounds which are, on the one hand, solid at ambient temperature (23° C.) (as opposed to a liquid plasticizing compound such as an oil) and, on the other hand, compatible (i.e. miscible at the content used) with the elastomer composition for which it is intended.
  • tackifying resins are polymers well known to those skilled in the art; they may be aliphatic, aromatic, hydrogenated aromatic, of the aliphatic/aromatic type, namely based on aliphatic and/or aromatic monomers. They may be natural or synthetic and may or may not be based on petroleum (if they are, they are then also known as petroleum resins).
  • tackifying resins notably include those selected from the group consisting of rosins and derivatives thereof, coumarone resins, phenolic resins, terpene resins (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, or limonene), terpene-phenol resins, C5 cut and/or C9 cut resins, cyclopentadiene and/or dicyclopentadiene resins, alpha-methyl-styrene resins and mixtures of such resins.
  • the tackifying resin used has at least any one, but more preferably all, of the following characteristics:
  • the modulus Ms of each rubber composition is higher than 40 MPa, notably comprised between 40 and 120 MPa; more preferably still, it is greater than 50 MPa, notably comprised between 50 and 100 MPa.
  • modulus MS Measurements of the modulus MS are performed under tension, unless indicated otherwise, in accordance with standard ASTM D 412 of 1998 (test specimen “C”) (of course, with a test specimen of rubber composition in the crosslinked, namely cured, vulcanized state as far as the preferred compositions of the crosslinkable type are concerned): the “true” secant modulus (namely the modulus with respect to the actual cross section of the test specimen) is measured in second elongation (namely after an accommodation cycle) at 10% elongation and is referred to here as Ms and expressed in MPa (under normal temperature and relative humidity conditions in accordance with standard ASTM D 1349 of 1999).
  • the thickness e 2 of each layer of rubber is preferably comprised between 0.05 and 2 mm, more preferably between 0.1 and 1 mm.
  • thicknesses of 0.2 to 0.8 mm have proven to be entirely suitable for reinforcing a tire casing.
  • the multilayer laminate of the invention has a width and a length which are respectively greater than 2.5 mm and than 10 cm, more preferably respectively greater than 5 mm and than 20 cm.
  • the polymer film can be used as it is, namely as commercially available, or alternatively can be cut up into narrow strips or bands the width of which may vary to a large extent depending on the intended applications.
  • the polymer film in the multilayer laminate of the invention, is provided with an adhesive layer facing each layer of rubber composition with which it is in contact.
  • the invention also applies to instances in which no adhesive layer is used, the polymer film itself and/or each layer of rubber composition potentially having self-adhesive properties resulting from the way in which they are formulated.
  • any suitable adhesive system for example a simple textile adhesive of the “RFL” (resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex) type comprising at least one diene elastomer such as natural rubber, or any equivalent adhesive known to confer satisfactory adhesion between rubber and conventional thermoplastic fibres such as fibres made of polyester, polyamide or aramid.
  • RRL resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex
  • the adhesive-coating method may essentially comprise the following successive steps: passage through a bath of adhesive, followed by draining (for example by blowing, calibrating) to eliminate the excess adhesive; then drying for example by passing through an oven (for example for 30 s at 180° C.) and finally heat treating (for example for 30 s at 220° C.).
  • a mechanical treatment may for example involve a prior stack of peening or scratching the surface;
  • a physical treatment may for example consist in a treatment using a radiation such as a beam of electrons;
  • a chemical treatment may for example involve a prior passage through a bath of epoxy resin and/or isocyanate compound.
  • the surface of the film of thermoplastic polymer is particularly smooth, it may also be advantageous to add a thickener to the adhesive used, in order to improve the overall keying of the adhesive to the film when it is being coated with adhesive.
  • connection between the polymer film and each layer of rubber with which it is in contact may be afforded definitively during the final curing (crosslinking) of the finished rubber item, notably the tire.
  • the edge uncoupling rubber according to the invention is a typical composition of natural rubber, carbon black (55 phr), antioxidant, a vulcanization system based on zinc oxide and stearic acid, a vulcanization system based on sulphur (5 phr), and usual vulcanization additives (Ms modulus equal to 16 MPa).
  • the edge uncoupling rubber according to the invention may also correspond to the composition of the coating rubber.
  • This method is used to model a tire of size 205/55 R 16 according to the invention and corresponding to FIG. 3 .
  • the thickness of the edge uncoupling rubber is 0.6 mm, the width l b measures 5 mm and the width l c measures 15.2 mm.
  • a tire of the same size according to the prior art comprising two working crown plies making an angle equal to 25°, crossed with respect to one another, and a nylon hoop, is also modelled.
  • the width of the first, radially outer, working crown ply corresponds to the reinforcing ply 6 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the width of the second, radially inner, working crown ply has a transverse width which, on each side, is 7 mm greater than the first working crown ply.
  • This tire according to the prior art, also comprises an edge uncoupling rubber positioned between the end of the second working crown ply and the hoop.
  • the edge uncoupling rubber is modelled using the Mooney-Rivlin model.
  • a two-dimensional mesh structure of the meridian cross section of each tire is created and then this mesh structure is extruded around the axis of rotation of the tire in order to obtain a torus.
  • the edge uncoupling rubbers are meshed with two elements in the thickness of 0.4 mm and with lengths of approximately 2 mm across the width lx. In the circumferential direction, an angular step of 0.5 degree was used in the region of contact with the ground, and of 1.25 degrees in the region opposite.
  • the maximum level of shear is measured for each mesh of edge uncoupling rubber with 10% of uniaxial extension.
  • maximum shear is defined as half the difference between the largest eigenvalue and the smallest eigenvalue of the tensor (Green-Lagrange strain).
  • the first step is to determine, on each ring, which mesh exhibits the maximum shear.
  • the associated plane is then evaluated and then, at the turning of the wheel, the shear in this associated plane is evaluated.
  • the ring is made up by taking an element from the two-dimensional mesh and all the elements extruded therefrom.
  • the tire according to the invention has a level of shear of 2.6 (secant modulus of 4) and a level of shear of 2.9 (secant modulus of 8), which are levels that are higher than in the comparison tire.
  • the tire according to the invention has the same level of shear as the comparison tire.
  • an edge uncoupling rubber with a high secant modulus in elongation makes it possible to maintain endurance qualities equivalent to those obtained with a tire according to the prior art.
  • Tire 1 is a tire according to the invention comprising a single reinforcing ply layer.
  • Tires 2 to 4 are tires according to the invention comprising two reinforcing plies.
  • the tires according to an embodiment of the invention exhibit better results than the control tire (lower RRt) or results that are just as good (same RRt).
  • Tires 1 to 5 are tires according to an embodiment of the invention comprising two reinforcing plies.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
US14/390,946 2012-04-06 2013-04-04 Tire with a radial or cross-ply carcass Expired - Fee Related US9987882B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1253192 2012-04-06
FR1253192A FR2989030B1 (fr) 2012-04-06 2012-04-06 Pneumatique a carcasse radiale ou croisee
PCT/EP2013/057072 WO2013150088A1 (fr) 2012-04-06 2013-04-04 Pneumatique a carcasse radiale ou croisee

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US9987882B2 true US9987882B2 (en) 2018-06-05

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EP (1) EP2834087B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP6137644B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN104203600B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR112014024108A8 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2989030B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN2014DN07928A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
RU (1) RU2611450C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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FR3027028B1 (fr) 2014-10-13 2016-12-09 Michelin & Cie Produit renforce comprenant une composition a faible taux de soufre et pneumatique comprenant ledit produit renforce
FR3027026B1 (fr) * 2014-10-13 2016-12-09 Michelin & Cie Produit renforce comprenant une composition comprenant un accelerateur de vulcanisation rapide et pneumatique comprenant ledit produit renforce
JP6376210B2 (ja) * 2016-11-22 2018-08-22 横浜ゴム株式会社 空気入りタイヤ
CN107869065A (zh) * 2017-05-08 2018-04-03 青岛康威化纤有限公司 即用冠带帘子布条生产工艺
CN111491809B (zh) * 2017-12-22 2023-01-31 米其林集团总公司 包括改进的环箍帘布层的充气轮胎
JP2019199106A (ja) * 2018-05-14 2019-11-21 株式会社ブリヂストン 空気入りタイヤ
JP2019202638A (ja) * 2018-05-23 2019-11-28 株式会社ブリヂストン 空気入りタイヤ
JP2019209749A (ja) * 2018-05-31 2019-12-12 株式会社ブリヂストン 空気入りタイヤ、及び、空気入りタイヤの製造方法
JP2019209752A (ja) * 2018-05-31 2019-12-12 株式会社ブリヂストン 空気入りタイヤ
JP2019209755A (ja) * 2018-05-31 2019-12-12 株式会社ブリヂストン 空気入りタイヤ
JP2019217798A (ja) * 2018-06-15 2019-12-26 株式会社ブリヂストン 空気入りタイヤ
JP2020138602A (ja) * 2019-02-27 2020-09-03 株式会社ブリヂストン ランフラットタイヤ
CN115066340B (zh) * 2020-02-06 2023-11-03 米其林集团总公司 包括混合胎体增强元件的农用车辆轮胎

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WO2013150088A1 (fr) 2013-10-10
JP2015515412A (ja) 2015-05-28
RU2014144683A (ru) 2016-05-27
FR2989030B1 (fr) 2015-04-03
BR112014024108A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 2017-06-20
CN104203600B (zh) 2017-04-12
BR112014024108A8 (pt) 2018-01-02
EP2834087A1 (fr) 2015-02-11
FR2989030A1 (fr) 2013-10-11
JP6137644B2 (ja) 2017-05-31
IN2014DN07928A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 2015-05-01
US20150114534A1 (en) 2015-04-30
CN104203600A (zh) 2014-12-10
RU2611450C2 (ru) 2017-02-22
EP2834087B1 (fr) 2016-06-08

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