US9863026B2 - Dual phase steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Dual phase steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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US9863026B2
US9863026B2 US14/423,657 US201314423657A US9863026B2 US 9863026 B2 US9863026 B2 US 9863026B2 US 201314423657 A US201314423657 A US 201314423657A US 9863026 B2 US9863026 B2 US 9863026B2
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temperature
steel sheet
less
steel
dual phase
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US20150203949A1 (en
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Tatsuo Yokoi
Hiroshi Shuto
Eisaku Sakurada
Hiroyuki Okada
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
    • C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dual phase steel sheet composed of ferrite and low-temperature transformation products and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Weight reduction means differ depending on each required performance of the parts, and for example, for a framework part, thickness thinning achieved by increasing strength of a steel sheet is performed, and for a panel part, application of a light metal such as an Al alloy to a steel sheet and the like are performed.
  • a light metal such as an Al alloy
  • the light metal is expensive, so that it is mainly applied to luxury automobiles in the real world.
  • Aluminum casting and forgings have been advantageous to wheels for passenger vehicles in terms of design.
  • steel pressed products are used recently as the wheels for passenger vehicles, by devising materials and methods, products having the design equivalent to that of an aluminum wheel are appearing.
  • the design and beautifulness equivalent to those of an aluminum wheel are also required in a steel wheel.
  • workability improvement for improving design as a part and surface property improvement for securing beautifulness are required, in addition to the strength increase that achieves thickness thinning, and the fatigue endurance and the corrosion resistance that have been required so far.
  • ferrite-martensite dual phase steel sheets of 590 MPa grade excellent in fatigue property (what is called Dual Phase steel) have been used.
  • the strength level required in these steel sheets is increased to the 780 MPa grade from the 590 MPa grade and the strength tends to further increase.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 there has been disclosed a method of securing uniform elongation even with the same strength by turning a microstructure of a steel sheet into a composite-structure such as a Dual Phase steel composed of ferrite and martensite (to be described as DP steel, hereinafter).
  • a composite-structure such as a Dual Phase steel composed of ferrite and martensite (to be described as DP steel, hereinafter).
  • the DP steel has been known that local deformability typified by bending forming, hole expansion, and burring is low. This is because a strength difference between ferrite and martensite is large, so that large strain and stress concentration occur in ferrite near martensite with formation and a crack occurs.
  • Patent Document 1 there has been proposed a steel sheet in which strength is secured by applying bainite or bainitic ferrite as its main phase to largely improve hole expandability.
  • the steel is designed to be composed of a single structure, and thereby the strain and stress concentration described above are prevented from occurring and a high hole expansion ratio can be obtained.
  • the steel is designed to be composed of a single structure of bainite or bainitic ferrite, and thereby elongation deteriorates greatly and the achievement of elongation and hole expandability cannot be attained.
  • Patent Documents 2 to 4 there have been proposed high-strength steel sheets in which ferrite excellent in elongation is used as a structure of a single structure steel and a strength increase is achieved by using carbide of Ti, Mo, or the like.
  • the steel sheet proposed in Patent Document 2 contains a large amount of Mo.
  • the steel sheet proposed in Patent Document 3 contains a large amount of V.
  • the steel sheet proposed in Patent Document 4 needs to be cooled in the middle of rolling for making crystal grains fine. Therefore, there is a problem that the alloy cost and the manufacturing cost increase. Further, even in this steel sheet, ferrite itself is largely increased in strength, and thereby the elongation deteriorates. The elongation of the single structure steel composed of bainite or bainitic ferrite is excellent, but the elongation-hole expandability balance is not necessarily sufficient.
  • Patent Document 5 there has been proposed a dual phase steel sheet in which in a DP steel, bainite is used in place of martensite and a strength difference between structures of ferrite and bainite is decreased, to thereby increase hole expandability.
  • Patent Documents 7 to 9 there have been also proposed steel sheets in which ferrite in a DP steel is precipitation-strengthened and thereby a strength difference between ferrite and hard structure is decreased.
  • Mo is an essential element to cause a problem that the manufacturing cost increases. Further, even though ferrite is precipitation-strengthened, the strength difference between ferrite and martensite being a hard structure is large, resulting in that a high hole expandability improving effect is not obtained.
  • Si scale a red scale
  • Patent Document 10 there has been disclosed a technique relating to a steel sheet capable of obtaining an excellent balance between elongation and hole expandability by controlling a martensite fraction in a DP steel to 3 to 10% in a steel sheet of 780 MPa grade or higher.
  • 0.5% or more of Si is added, thereby making it difficult to avoid the Si scale pattern, so that it is difficult to apply the technique to various steel sheets used for highly-designed wheel discs required to have beautifulness.
  • Patent Documents 11 and 12 there has been disclosed a technique of a high-tensile hot-rolled steel sheet capable of suppressing occurrence of red scales by suppressing the added amount of Si to 0.3% or less and further obtaining high strength and excellent stretch flangeability by adding Mo and making precipitates fine.
  • Patent Document 13 there has been disclosed a technique of avoiding occurrence of red scales by defining the upper limit of the content of Si.
  • Patent Document 13 there is no technical disclosure on notch fatigue property.
  • Patent Document 14 there has been disclosed a technique of improving a low cycle fatigue property by adding Al.
  • notch fatigue property being a fatigue property under stress concentration.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2003-193190
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2003-089848
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2007-063668
  • Patent Document 4 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2004-143518
  • Patent Document 5 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2004-204326
  • Patent Document 6 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2007-302918
  • Patent Document 7 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2003-321737
  • Patent Document 9 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2003-321739
  • Patent Document 10 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2011-184788
  • Patent Document 11 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2002-322540
  • Patent Document 12 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2002-322541
  • Patent Document 13 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-082567
  • Patent Document 14 Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2010-150581
  • Non-Patent Document 1 O. Matsumura et al, Trans. ISIJ(1987)vol. 27, p. 570
  • the present invention has an object to provide a high-burring workability high-strength dual phase steel sheet having a tensile strength of 540 MPa or higher and having excellent surface property and notch fatigue property and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the present inventors repeated earnest examinations on the relationship between a structural constitution of a dual phase steel having a high ductility as well as having a high strength and uniform elongation, burring workability, and a notch fatigue property based on the premise of a steel component not containing Si for the purpose of avoiding a Si scale pattern. As a result, they found a method of bringing the uniform elongation, the burring workability, and the notch fatigue property into balance on a high level by controlling a steel component, a dispersion state, shape, size and nanohardness of a low-temperature transformation product being a second phase.
  • a dual phase steel sheet contains:
  • a microstructure is a dual phase with its main phase composed of polygonal ferrite precipitation-strengthened by carbide of Ti and its second phase composed of 1 to 10% in area fraction (fsd (%)) of low-temperature transformation products dispersed plurally, and
  • an average crystal diameter of the low-temperature transformation product is 3 to 15 ⁇ m and an average value of a distance of closest approach between the low-temperature transformation products is 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the dual phase steel sheet according to claim [1] contains:
  • the dual phase steel sheet according to [1] or [2], contains: one or two or more of
  • the dual phase steel sheet according to any one of [1] to [3], contains:
  • the dual phase steel sheet according to any one of claims [1] to [4], contains:
  • a manufacturing method of a dual phase steel sheet includes:
  • the manufacturing method of the dual phase steel sheet according to [7], further includes:
  • the total reduction ratio of the rough rolling is not less than 60% nor more than 90%.
  • the manufacturing method of the dual phase steel sheet according to [7] or [8], further includes:
  • D(T+273) is a volume diffusion coefficient at T° C.
  • t is a diffusion time period.
  • D(T) is expressed by Expression (4) below using a diffusion coefficient D0 of Ti, an activation energy Q, and a gas constant R.
  • D ( T ) D 0 ⁇ Exp( ⁇ Q/R ⁇ ( T+ 273)) Expression (4)
  • a steel sheet is immersed in a galvanizing bath to galvanize its surface.
  • the manufacturing method of the dual phase steel sheet according to [11], further includes:
  • the present invention it is possible to obtain a high-strength dual phase steel sheet excellent in uniform elongation, burring workability, and notch fatigue property, and further excellent also in surface property as well as having a tensile strength of 540 MPa or higher, and industrial contribution is extremely significant.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing a notched fatigue test piece.
  • a dual phase steel sheet is a steel sheet in which hard low-temperature transformation products typified by martensite are dispersed in soft ferrite, and achieves high uniform elongation as well as being high in strength.
  • hard low-temperature transformation products typified by martensite
  • martensite hard low-temperature transformation products
  • strain and stress concentration caused by a strength difference between ferrite and martensite occur, and voids to cause ductile fracture are likely to be generated to grow, so that it is general that local deformability relating to burring workability is quite low.
  • the optimal microstructure capable of achieving improvement in the local deformability relating to the burring workability of the dual phase steel sheet and decrease in the propagation speed of a fatigue crack is not necessarily definite.
  • components and a manufacturing method of a steel sheet capable of satisfying all of avoidance of a Si scale pattern relating to a surface property of a steel sheet for the purpose of achieving the design and beautifulness equivalent to those of an aluminum wheel with a steel wheel, security of post-coating corrosion resistance, burring workability, and notch fatigue property, are not necessarily definite.
  • the present inventors repeated earnest examinations on the relationship between a structural constitution of a dual phase steel having a high ductility as well as having a high strength and uniform elongation, burring workability, and a notch fatigue property based on the premise of a steel component not containing Si for the purpose of avoiding a Si scale pattern.
  • a microstructure was set to a dual phase with its main phase composed of polygonal ferrite precipitation-strengthened by carbide of Ti and its second phase composed of 1 to 10% in area fraction (fsd (%)) of low-temperature transformation products dispersed plurally. Then, an average crystal diameter of the aforesaid low-temperature transformation product was set to 3 to 15 ⁇ m, and an average value of a distance of closest approach between the low-temperature transformation products was set to 10 to 20 ⁇ m. As a result, they made clear that it is possible to bring the uniform elongation, the buffing workability, and the notch fatigue property into balance on a high level.
  • a hole expanding test is proposed.
  • a hole expansion value obtained by this test is widely used as an index to evaluate the local deformability relating to burring workability. Occurrence and progress of a crack in hole expanding are caused by ductile fracture with generation, growth, and connection of voids set as elementary steps. In a structure having a large strength difference as is the dual phase steel sheet, high strain and stress concentration occur due to hard low-temperature transformation products, so that voids occur to grow easily and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the area fraction fsd is 10% or less
  • the average crystal diameter is 15 ⁇ m or less
  • the average value of the distance of closest approach between the low-temperature transformation products is 20 ⁇ m or less
  • the notch fatigue property can be improved by dispersing the hard low-temperature transformation product and decreasing the propagation speed of a fatigue crack.
  • the propagation speed of a fatigue crack changes depending on the dispersion state of the low-temperature transformation product being a hard second phase, and by optimizing the dispersion state, the effect is exhibited.
  • the area fraction fsd is 1% or more
  • the average crystal diameter is 3 ⁇ m or more
  • the average value of the distance of closest approach between the low-temperature transformation products is 10 ⁇ m or more
  • the low-temperature transformation products being a second phase have the average crystal diameter of 3 to 15 ⁇ m and have the average value of the distance of closest approach therebetween of 10 to 20 ⁇ m, and are in a state of being dispersed in an island shape in an area fraction of 1 to 10%, excellent uniform elongation that the dual phase steel exhibits can be obtained.
  • C is one of important elements in the present invention. C not only forms low-temperature transformation products to contribute to strength by structure strengthening, but also forms precipitates with Ti to contribute to strength by precipitation strengthening. However, when C is less than 0.01%, these effects for securing the strength of 540 MPa or higher cannot be obtained. When greater than 0.1% of C is contained, an area ratio of the low-temperature transformation product being a hard second phase is increased and the hole expandability decreases. Thus, the content of C is set to 0.01% to 0.1%.
  • [C] is the content of C (mass %)
  • [Ti] is the content of Ti (mass %)
  • [Nb] is the content of Nb (mass %)
  • [N] is the content of N (mass %)
  • [S] is the content of S (mass %).
  • Mn is not only an element involved in strengthening of ferrite, but also an element expanding an austenite region temperature to a low temperature side to expand a two-phase region temperature zone of ferrite and austenite with an increase in its content.
  • it is necessary to promote two-phase separation of ferrite and austenite during cooling after finish rolling.
  • 0.2% or more of Mn needs to be contained.
  • slab cracking significantly occurs during casting, so that the content is set to 3% or less.
  • Al is involved in generation of ferrite similarly to Si to be one of important elements in the present invention as well as being a deoxidizing element.
  • Al is also an element that with an increase in its content, expands a ferrite region temperature to a high-temperature side to expand a two-phase region temperature zone of ferrite and austenite, so that it is actively contained as a substitute for Si in the present invention.
  • 0.04% or more of Al needs to be contained, but when it is contained in excess of 1.5%, the ferrite region temperature is expanded to the high-temperature side too much to thereby make it difficult to complete finish rolling in an austenite region, and worked ferrite remains in a product sheet and ductility deteriorates.
  • the content of Al is set to not less than 0.04% nor more than 1.5%. Further, when greater than 1% of Al is contained, there is caused a risk that non-metal inclusions such as alumina are increased to deteriorate local ductility, so that it is desirably 1% or less.
  • Ti is one of the most important elements in the present invention. Simultaneously with ferrite transformation progressing during cooling after completion of hot rolling, the rest of Ti after having been precipitated as TiN in an austenite region during hot rolling finely precipitates as carbide such as TiC to precipitation strengthen ferrite grains of the dual phase steel of the present invention, and thereby strength is improved. In order to obtain this effect, Ti that is 0.015% or more and satisfies [Ti] ⁇ 48/14 ⁇ [N] ⁇ 48/32 ⁇ [S] ⁇ 0% needs to be contained.
  • the tip of a fatigue crack stays at the low-temperature transformation product or bypasses the low-temperature transformation product, and thereby the propagation speed of the fatigue crack decreases and excellent notch fatigue strength can be obtained. Further, when greater than 0.15% of Ti is contained, there is caused a risk that a tundish nozzle is likely to be clogged at the time of casting, so that it is desirably 0.15% or less.
  • the steel used for the steel sheet of the present invention contains the above elements as essential components, and further may also contain Si, Nb, Cu, Ni, Mo, V, Cr, W, Mg, Ca, REM, and B according to need. These respective elements will be described below.
  • Si is not essential. Si is involved in generation of ferrite as well as being a deoxidizing element, and is an element that with an increase in its content, expands a ferrite region temperature to a high-temperature side to expand a two-phase region temperature zone of ferrite and austenite.
  • Si is desirably contained originally.
  • Si noticeably generates a tiger stripe Si scale pattern on the surface of the steel sheet to deteriorate surface property significantly. Further, there is sometimes a case that it extremely decreases productivity of a scale removing step (pickling and the like) on a precise adjustment line.
  • the Si scale pattern begins to be found here and there on the surface of the steel sheet.
  • the surface property deteriorates significantly and the to productivity of a pickling step deteriorates extremely.
  • a conversion treatment property deteriorates and post-coating corrosion resistance decreases.
  • the content of Si is set to 0.5% or less.
  • Si is an element having an effect of suppressing occurrence of scale-based defects such as scales and spindle scales, and when 0.02% or more is contained, the effect can be obtained.
  • the content of Si is set to not less than 0.02% nor more than 0.5%, and is desirably 0.1% or less.
  • the content of Si is desirably 0.07% or less.
  • the scale-based defects such as scales and spindle scales vary in grade depending on needs, and Si may also be less than 0.02%.
  • a steel component not containing Si is also in the range of the present invention.
  • Nb One or two or more of Nb, Cu, Ni, Mo, V, Cr, and W
  • Nb, Cu, Ni, Mo, V, Cr, and W are not essential.
  • Nb, Cu, Ni, Mo, V, Cr, and W are elements effective for improving the strength of the steel sheet by precipitation-strengthening or solid-solution strengthening. Therefore, one or two or more of Nb, Cu, Ni, Mo, V, Cr, and W are contained according to need.
  • the content of Nb is less than 0.005%
  • the content of Cu is less than 0.02%
  • the content of Ni is less than 0.01%
  • the content of Mo is less than 0.01%
  • the content of V is less than 0.01%
  • the content of Cr is less than 0.01%
  • the content of W is less than 0.01%
  • the content of Nb is desirably not less than 0.005% nor more than 0.06%
  • the content of Cu is desirably not less than 0.02% nor more than 1.2%
  • the content of Ni is desirably not less than 0.01% nor more than 0.6%
  • the content of Mo is desirably not less than 0.01% nor more than 1%
  • the content of V is desirably not less than 0.01% nor more than 0.2%
  • the content of Cr is desirably not less than 0.01% nor more than 2%
  • the content of W is desirably not less than 0.01% nor more than 0.5%.
  • Mg, Ca, and REM are not essential.
  • Mg, Ca, and REM are elements that control form of a non-metal inclusion to be a starting point of fracture and to cause deterioration of workability and improve workability. Therefore, one or two or more of Mg, Ca, and REM are contained according to need. Even when less than 0.0005% of each of Ca, REM, and Mg is contained, the above-described effect is not exhibited. Further, even when the content of Mg is set to greater than 0.01%, the content of Ca is set to greater than 0.01%, and the content of REM is set to greater than 0.1%, the above-described effect is saturated and economic efficiency decreases.
  • the content of Mg is desirably not less than 0.0005% nor more than 0.01%
  • the content of Ca is desirably not less than 0.0005% nor more than 0.01%
  • the content of REM is desirably not less than 0.0005% nor more than 0.1%.
  • REM refers to an element of La and the lanthanide series, is often added in misch metal, and contains elements of the series such as La and Ce in a complex form. Metals La and Ce may also be contained.
  • B is not essential.
  • B has an effect of increasing hardenability to increase a structural fraction of a low-temperature transformation generating phase being a hard phase, to thus be contained according to need.
  • the content of B is desirably not less than 0.0002% nor more than 0.002%.
  • B is an element that causes concern of slab cracking in a cooling step after continuous casting, and from this point of view, the content is desirably 0.0015% or less. That is, it is desirably not less than 0.001% nor more than 0.0015%.
  • the steel component of a hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention its balance other than the above-described elements is Fe and impurities.
  • the impurities one contained in a raw material of ore, scrap, and the like and one contained in a manufacturing step can be exemplified. It is allowable that respective impurity elements are contained as necessary in a range where the operation and effect of the present invention are not inhibited.
  • P is an impurity element, and when it exceeds 0.01%, segregation to crystal grain boundaries becomes noticeable, grain boundary embrittlement is promoted, and local ductility deteriorates. Further, embrittlement of a welded portion also becomes noticeable, so that the upper limit is set to 0.01% or less.
  • the lower limit value of P is not defined in particular, but setting it to less than 0.0001% is economically disadvantageous.
  • S is an impurity element, and adversely affects weldability and manufacturability during casting and manufacturability during hot rolling, so that the upper limit is set to 0.005% or less. Further, when S is contained excessively, coarse MnS is formed to decrease hole expandability, so that for improvement in hole expandability, the content is preferably decreased.
  • the lower limit value of S is not defined in particular, but setting it to less than 0.0001% is disadvantageous economically, so that this value is preferably set to the lower limit value.
  • N is an impurity element to be mixed inevitably at the time of refining of steel, and is an element to form nitride combined with Ti, Nb, or the like.
  • this nitride precipitates at relatively high temperature, so that crystal grains are likely to become coarse, and the coarse crystal grain might become a starting point of a burring crack.
  • this nitride is preferably less in order to effectively use Nb and Ti as will be described later.
  • the upper limit of the content of N is set to 0.01%.
  • the content of N is greater than 0.006% in applying the present invention to a member in which aging deterioration becomes a problem, the aging deterioration becomes severe, so that it is desirably 0.006% or less.
  • the present invention is applied to a member based on the premise that it is allowed to stand at room temperature for two weeks or longer after manufacture, to then be subjected to working, the content of N is desirably 0.005% or less in view of aging deterioration measures.
  • the content of N is desirably less than 0.004%.
  • 1% or less in total of Zr, Sn, Co, and Zn may also be contained.
  • Sn is desirably 0.05% or less because a flaw might occur at the time of hot rolling.
  • microstructure of the dual phase steel sheet of the present invention will be explained in detail.
  • the microstructure of the dual phase steel sheet of the present invention is limited as follows.
  • the microstructure is a dual phase with its main phase composed of polygonal ferrite precipitation-strengthened by carbide of Ti and its second phase composed of 1 to 10% in area fraction (fsd (%)) of low-temperature transformation products dispersed plurally.
  • An average crystal diameter of the aforesaid low-temperature transformation product is 3 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • An average value of a distance of closest approach between the low-temperature transformation products is 10 to 20
  • the microstructure is specified at the position of 1 ⁇ 4 thickness of the sheet thickness where average characteristics appear.
  • Ferrite is the most important structure for securing uniform elongation.
  • the ferrite structure needs to be strengthened by precipitation strengthening.
  • the main phase of the microstructure is not bainitic ferrite having a high dislocation density but polygonal ferrite having a low dislocation density and having sufficient ductility.
  • the main phase of the steel of the present invention is set to polygonal ferrite precipitation-strengthened by carbide of Ti.
  • the carbide of Ti to be said here is a compound having Ti and C contributing to precipitation strengthening of the ferrite structure as its main component, and it is also acceptable to contain, for example, N, V, Mo, and the like in addition to Ti and C.
  • the average grain diameter and the density (piece/cm3) of precipitates containing TiC are substantially inversely-correlated.
  • the average grain diameter needs to be 3 nm or less and the density needs to be 1 ⁇ 10 16 pieces/cm 3 or more.
  • the low-temperature transformation product being a hard second phase is mainly martensite or bainite (aB) not containing coarse carbide between laths. However, it is allowable to contain less than 3% in total in area ratio of retained austenite (yr) and Martensite-Austenite constituent (MA).
  • the martensite to be said in the present invention is fresh martensite (M) when coiling is performed in a temperature zone of 100° C. or lower where a diffusion speed of carbon is sufficiently slow. It is tempered martensite (tM) when a coiling temperature is higher than 100° C. and an Ms point (an Ms point of remaining austenite obtained after ferrite transformation progresses during cooling after finish rolling) or lower.
  • the low-temperature transformation product in the latter case is a structure mixed with tempered martensite and bainite.
  • the ratio of tempered martensite and bainite of this mixed structure is affected by the coiling temperature and the relative relationship between the coiling temperature and the above-described Ms point temperature.
  • Ms point when the Ms point is lower than 350° C., most of the low-temperature transformation product is bainite not containing coarse carbide between laths that is transformed at higher than the Ms point and 350° C. or lower.
  • tM tempered martensite
  • the low-temperature transformation product needs to be dispersed in an island shape at a corner, an edge, and a grain boundary of a ferrite grain. This is because with regard to ductile fracture thought to be involved in burring workability, in a mechanism in which voids occur and then grow to be connected, the shape of the low-temperature transformation product itself thought to be an occurrence site of a void is an island shape, and thereby stress concentration is relaxed and the occurrence of voids causing fracture of the low-temperature transformation product is suppressed.
  • the island shape indicates a state where low-temperature transformation products are not arranged continuously in an aligned manner, and further the individual shape of them is desirably a shape close to a sphere with few stress concentration places.
  • the average crystal diameter of the low-temperature transformation product is 3 to 15 ⁇ m and the average value of the distance of closest approach between the low-temperature transformation products is 10 to 20 ⁇ m, the low-temperature transformation products each have an appropriate size and are appropriately dispersed to be in an “island shape.”
  • the low-temperature transformation product being a hard second phase is an important structure in terms of securing uniform elongation.
  • the area fraction (fsd (%)) of the low-temperature transformation products dispersed in an island shape becomes less than 1%, it becomes difficult to secure 15% or more of uniform elongation at the 540 MPa grade, for example. Further, an effect of delaying the propagation of a fatigue crack is lost.
  • the intervals between the low-temperature transformation products thought to be occurrence sites of voids become short, voids are likely to be connected, ductile fracture is likely to be caused, and the burring workability deteriorates. Therefore, the area fraction (fsd (%)) of the low-temperature transformation product in the microstructure is limited to 1 to 10%.
  • the average crystal diameter of the low-temperature transformation product needs to be limited to 3 to 15 ⁇ m in terms of circle equivalent diameter. This is because when the average crystal diameter of the low-temperature transformation product is less than 3 ⁇ m, the effect that the low-temperature transformation product becomes an obstacle to the propagation of a fatigue crack to delay the propagation speed is lost, and when it is greater than 15 ⁇ m, the shape becomes complex naturally, stress concentration portions are generated, fracture of a coarse low-temperature transformation product is caused early, and local ductile fracture caused by occurrence of voids adversely affects burring workability. It is desirably 12 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average value of the distance of closest approach between the low-temperature transformation products needs to be limited to 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the average value of the distance of closest approach between the low-temperature transformation products is less than 10 ⁇ m, the intervals between the low-temperature transformation products become short, voids are likely to be connected, ductile fracture is likely to be caused, and the burring workability deteriorates.
  • the average value of the distance of closest approach between the low-temperature transformation products is greater than 20 ⁇ m, a fatigue crack selectively propagates through soft polygonal ferrite, and the effect of delaying the propagation of a fatigue crack is lost.
  • the average nanohardness of the low-temperature transformation product is desirably 7 to 18 GPa. This is because when the average nanohardness is less than 7 GPa, a hardness difference between the low-temperature transformation product and a soft ferrite phase is decreased and excellent uniform elongation being the characteristic of the dual phase steel is not exhibited. On the other hand, when it is greater than 18 GPa, the hardness difference between the low-temperature transformation product and a soft ferrite phase is increased by contraries, and voids occur locally at the initial stage of deformation, and thus ductile fracture is likely to develop and local deformability decreases. Further, a nanohardness range becomes 1.2 GPa or less in terms of standard deviation, and thereby the local occurrence of voids at the initial stage of deformation is suppressed.
  • a manufacturing method of a steel billet (slab) having the above-described components to be performed before a hot rolling step is not limited in particular. That is, as a manufacturing method of a steel billet (slab) having the above-described components, it may also be set that subsequently to a melting step by a shaft furnace, a converter, an electric furnace, or the like, component adjustment is variously performed so as to obtain intended component contents in a secondary refining step, and next a casting step is performed by normal continuous casting, casting by an ingot method, or a method of thin slab casting or the like. Incidentally, scrap may also be used for a raw material. Further, when a slab is obtained by continuous casting, an intact high-temperature cast slab may be directly transformed to hot rolling, or the slab may also be hot rolled after being cooled down to room temperature to then be reheated in a heating furnace.
  • SRT min 10780/ ⁇ 5.13 ⁇ log([Ti] ⁇ [C]) ⁇ 273 Expression (1)
  • SRT min minimum slab reheating temperature
  • a heating time in the slab heating step is not defined in particular, but in order to sufficiently promote the melting of carbonitride of Ti, after the temperature reaching the above-described heating temperature, the slab is desirably held for 30 minutes or longer. Further, when the slab is sufficiently uniformly heated in a thickness direction of the slab, it is desirably held for 60 minutes or longer. On the other hand, in terms of a decrease in yield caused by scale off, it is 240 minutes or shorter. However, when the cast slab obtained after casting is directly transferred to be rolled in a high temperature state, the above is not applied.
  • a rough rolling step of hot rolling is started with no waiting time in particular, and a rough bar is obtained.
  • rough rolling at a rolling ratio of at least 20% or more needs to be performed for at least one pass in a temperature zone of not lower than 1050° C. nor higher than 1150° C.
  • the number of rolling passes in the rough rolling is preferably plural passes, which is two passes or more.
  • working and recrystallization in austenite are performed repeatedly and average austenite grains before finish rolling are refined to 100 ⁇ m or less, resulting in that the average grain diameter of the low-temperature transformation product being a hard second phase is made 12 ⁇ m or less stably.
  • the total reduction ratio in the rough rolling is preferably 60% or more.
  • the total reduction ratio in the rough rolling is greater than 90%, the effect is saturated and further the number of passes is increased to impede productivity, and a temperature decrease might be caused. Further, due to the similar reason, the number of passes is desirably 11 or less.
  • Finish rolling is performed after completion of the rough rolling.
  • the time period until start of finish rolling after completion of the rough rolling is within 150 seconds.
  • the lower limit value of the time period until start of finish rolling after completion of the rough rolling does not have to be limited in particular.
  • a finish rolling start temperature does not decrease to lower than 1080° C. unless a special cooling device is used, and blisters to be a starting point of scales and spindle scale defects occur between the surface of a base iron of the steel sheet and scales before finish rolling and during passes, so that these scale defects might be likely to be generated.
  • it is desirably 30 seconds or longer.
  • a rolling start temperature of the finish rolling is set to 1000° C. or higher and lower than 1080° C.
  • a finish rolling completing temperature is set to not lower than an Ar3 transformation point temperature+50° C. nor higher than 1000° C.
  • the Ar3 transformation point temperature is simply expressed by, for example, the following calculation expression in relation to the steel components. That is, it is described by Expression (5) below.
  • Ar3 910 ⁇ 310 ⁇ [C]+25 ⁇ [Si]+2 ⁇ [Al] ⁇ 80 ⁇ [Mn eq ]
  • [C] is the content of C (mass %)
  • [Si] is the content of Si (mass %)
  • [Al] is the content of Al (mass %)
  • [Cr] is the content of Cr (mass %)
  • [Cu] is the content of Cu (mass %)
  • [Mo] is the content of Mo (mass %)
  • [Ni] is the content of Ni (mass %)
  • [Nb] is the content of Nb (mass %).
  • the finish rolling completing temperature is lower than the Ar3 transformation point temperature+50° C.
  • the low-temperature transformation products in the microstructure of the dual phase steel sheet are brought into a dispersion state where they are continuously arranged in an aligned manner. Furthermore, the average value of the distance of closest approach between the low-temperature transformation products becomes less than 10 ⁇ m, voids are likely to be connected, ductile fracture is likely to be caused, and the burring workability deteriorates.
  • finish rolling is rolling with plural passes by a tandem mill, and the total reduction ratio is not less than 75% nor more than 95%.
  • a reduction ratio in each pass is desirably 10% or more.
  • the reduction ratio in each pass is less than 10% for three passes at the rear stand of a finishing mill in particular and an average rolling ratio for three passes is less than 10%, grain growth progresses significantly during the three passes and after completion of the finish rolling, and there is a risk that the average grain diameter of the low-temperature transformation product in the microstructure of the dual phase steel sheet is no longer able to be made 12 ⁇ m or less.
  • a rolling speed is not limited in particular.
  • the rolling speed at a finish final stand is less than 400 mpm, the time period for each finish rolling pass is prolonged. As a result, austenite grains grow to be coarse, and there is a risk that the average grain diameter of the low-temperature transformation product in the microstructure of a product sheet is no longer able to be made 15 ⁇ m or less stably. Therefore, the rolling speed is desirably 400 mpm or more.
  • the average grain diameter of the low-temperature transformation product can be made 12 ⁇ m or less stably, so that 650 mpm is further desirable.
  • the upper limit is not limited in particular, the effect of the present invention is achieved, but it is realistically 1800 mpm or less due to facility restriction.
  • the time period until start of the cooling after completion of the finish rolling is within three seconds.
  • this time period until start of the cooling is longer than three seconds, in austenite before being transformed, precipitation of coarse and unaligned carbonitride of Ti progresses, the precipitation amount of fine and aligned carbide of Ti to precipitate in ferrite during cooling to be performed later decreases, and the strength might be decreased. Further, austenite grains grow to be coarse, and there is a risk that the average grain diameter of the low-temperature transformation product in the microstructure of the product sheet is no longer able to be made 15 ⁇ m or less.
  • the lower limit value of the time period until start of this cooling does not have to be limited in particular in the present invention, but when it is shorter than 0.4 seconds, cooling is performed in a state where a lamellar worked structure obtained by rolling remains, even in a product sheet, low-temperature transformation products continuously arranged in an aligned manner are obtained, and the burring workability might deteriorate.
  • the rate of a first-stage cooling step to be first performed after completion of the rolling an average cooling rate of 15° C./sec or more is required.
  • this cooling rate is less than 15° C./sec, pearlite is formed during cooling, and an intended microstructure might not be obtained.
  • the upper limit of the cooling rate in the first-stage cooling step is not limited in particular, the effect of the present invention can be obtained.
  • the cooling rate is greater than 150° C./sec, controlling a cooling completing temperature is extremely difficult to make it difficult to elaborate the microstructure, so that it is desirably set to 150° C./sec or less.
  • a cooling stop temperature in the first-stage cooling step is lower than the Ar3 transformation point temperature.
  • the cooling stop temperature is the Ar3 transformation point temperature or higher, it is not possible to perform precipitation control of TiC to finely precipitate in ferrite at the time of austenite/ferrite transformation during cooling in the subsequent second-stage cooling step and to contribute to strength.
  • the lower limit of the cooling stop temperature of the first-stage cooling step is not limited in particular.
  • a cooling stop temperature of the subsequent second-stage cooling step to be performed for exhibiting precipitation strengthening of ferrite is higher than 600° C. as a condition of exhibiting precipitation strengthening of ferrite.
  • the cooling stop temperature of the first-stage cooling step is 600° C. or lower, precipitation strengthening cannot be obtained.
  • it becomes an Ar1 point or lower ferrite cannot be obtained, to thus make it impossible to obtain an intended microstructure.
  • an average cooling rate is 10° C./sec or less, and in the present invention, air cooling (standing-to-cool) is kept in mind.
  • this cooling rate is greater than 10° C./sec, a moving speed of an interface between these two phases in the transformation to ferrite from austenite becomes too fast, so that the precipitation of carbide of Ti at the interface between the phases cannot keep up with it and sufficient precipitation strengthening cannot be obtained.
  • the lower limit of the cooling rate in the second-stage cooling step does not have to be limited in particular in the present invention.
  • the cooling rate in the air cooling is 3° C./sec or so even though the sheet thickness is half an inch or so, which is an upper limit sheet thickness assumed in the present invention.
  • a cooling time period in the second-stage cooling step is 1 second or longer and shorter than 100 seconds.
  • This step is an extremely important step not only for promoting two-phase separation of ferrite and austenite to obtain an intended second phase fraction but also for promoting precipitation strengthening by fine carbide of Ti in ferrite obtained after the transformation being completed.
  • this time period is shorter than 1 second, the ferrite transformation does not progress and an intended microstructure cannot be obtained, and furthermore the precipitation of carbide of Ti in ferrite obtained after the transformation does not progress, so that intended strength and burring workability of the steel sheet cannot be obtained.
  • the cooling stop temperature in the second-stage cooling step is higher than 600° C. When this temperature is 600° C. or lower, the precipitation of carbide of Ti in ferrite obtained after transformation does not progress, so that the strength decreases.
  • the upper limit of the cooling stop temperature in the second-stage cooling step is not defined in particular, but when it is higher than 700° C., two-phase separation of ferrite and austenite is not sufficient and an intended fraction of the low-temperature transformation product cannot be obtained, and furthermore the precipitation of carbide of Ti in ferrite is over-aged and the strength decreases.
  • a third-stage cooling step to be subsequently performed cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 15° C./sec or more.
  • this cooling rate is less than 15° C./sec, pearlite is mixed into the microstructure, and thereby an intended microstructure might not be obtained.
  • a completing temperature of the third-stage cooling step is a coiling temperature.
  • the upper limit of the cooling rate in the third-stage cooling step is not limited in particular, the effect of the present invention can be obtained, but when a sheet ward caused by thermal strain is considered, it is desirably set to 300° C./sec or less.
  • the steel sheet is cooled down to a temperature zone of 350° C. or lower to be coiled.
  • this temperature is higher than 350° C., intended low-temperature transformation products cannot be obtained.
  • coarse carbide is formed between laths of bainite constituting the low-temperature transformation product to be a starting point of occurrence of a crack at the time of burring, and the burring workability deteriorates.
  • the lower limit value of the coiling temperature does not have to be limited in particular, but when a coil is in a state of being exposed to water for a long time, appearance failure caused by rust is concerned, so that it is desirably 50° C. or higher. Further, when this temperature is 100° C. or lower, most of the low-temperature transformation product turns into fresh martensite and uniform elongation improves to be advantageous to forming with a dominant n value such as bulging.
  • a total cumulative diffusion length L total of Ti in ferrite expressed by Expression (2) below is controlled in the range of not less than 0.15 nor more than 0.5.
  • D(T+273) is a volume diffusion coefficient at T° C. and t is a diffusion time period
  • D(T) is expressed by Expression (4) below using a diffusion coefficient D0 of Ti, an activation energy Q, and a gas constant R.
  • D ( T ) D 0 ⁇ Exp( ⁇ Q/R ( T+ 273)) Expression (4)
  • skinpass rolling at a reduction ratio of not less than 0.1% nor more than 2% is desirably performed after all the steps are completed.
  • pickling may also be performed on the obtained hot-rolled steel sheet according to need after all the steps are completed.
  • skinpass at a reduction ratio of 10% or less may also be performed inline or offline, or cold rolling at a reduction ratio of down to 40% or so may also be performed.
  • scales on the surface are removed.
  • the step of removing scales is not defined in particular. For example, general pickling using hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, or a device according to a line such as surface grinding by a sander or the like or surface scarfing using plasma, a gas burner, or the like can be applied.
  • a hot treatment may be performed on a hot-rolled steel sheet with the present invention applied thereto on a hot-dip plating line, and further on the hot-rolled steel sheet, a surface treatment may also be performed additionally. Plating is performed on the hot-dip plating line, and thereby corrosion resistance of the hot-rolled steel sheet improves.
  • the obtained steel sheet when galvanizing is performed on the hot-rolled steel sheet obtained after pickling, the obtained steel sheet may also be immersed in a galvanizing bath to be subjected to an alloying treatment according to need.
  • the hot-rolled steel sheet improves in welding resistance against various weldings such as spot welding in addition to the improvement in corrosion resistance.
  • Steels A to Z and a to d having chemical components shown in Table 1 were melted in a converter refining and secondary refining step, steel billets (slabs) manufactured by continuous casting were each reheated and reduced to a sheet thickness of 2.3 to 3.4 mm by finish rolling subsequently to rough rolling, and were each cooled on a run-out-table to then be coiled, and hot-rolled steel sheets were prepared. More specifically, in accordance with manufacturing conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3, hot-rolled steel sheets were prepared. Incidentally, chemical compositions in Table 1 all mean mass %.
  • Ti* represents [Ti] ⁇ 48/14[N] ⁇ 48/32[S]
  • Ex.C represents [C] ⁇ 12/48 ⁇ ([Ti]+48/93[Nb] ⁇ 48/14[N] ⁇ 48/32[S])
  • Mn/S represents [Mn]/[S].
  • the balance of the component in Table 1 is Fe and impurities
  • each underline in Tables 1 and 2 indicates that a numerical value is outside the range of the present invention.
  • Steels K and R each do not contain Si intentionally.
  • “ ⁇ ” indicates that no intentional containing is performed.
  • “HEATING TEMPERATURE” indicates a maximum ultimate temperature in slab reheating and “HOLDING TIME PERIOD” indicates a holding time period at a predetermined heating temperature.
  • “TOTAL PASS NUMBER” indicates a total value of the number of rolling passes in rough rolling
  • “TOTAL REDUCTION RATIO” indicates a reduction ratio in rough rolling from start to completion of rough rolling
  • Recognition of this austenite grain diameter can be obtained in a manner that a crop piece obtained by cutting a rough bar before being subjected to finish rolling by a crop shear or the like is quenched as much as possible to be cooled down to room temperature or so, and a cross section parallel to a rolling direction is etched to make austenite grain boundaries appear to measure austenite grain diameters by an optical microscope. On this occasion, 20 visual fields or more at the 1 ⁇ 4 position of a sheet thickness are measured at 50 or more magnifications by an image analysis, a point counting method, or the like.
  • “ROLLING START TEMPERATURE” indicates a temperature immediately before a rough bar is bitten at the first stand of finish rolling
  • “TOTAL REDUCTION RATIO” indicates a reduction ratio during finish rolling from start to completion of finish rolling
  • “AVERAGE REDUCTION RATIO FOR 3 PASSES AT REAR STAND” indicates an average value of reduction ratios from the final pass including the final pass to the third pass in finish rolling in which continuous rolling with plural passes is normally performed
  • “FINISH ROLLING OUTLET SIDE SPEED” indicates an outlet side sheet passing speed at the rolling stand after a finish rolling final reduction pass is completed
  • “FINISHING TEMPERATURE” indicates a temperature immediately after a rolling stand outlet side of a finish rolling final pass.
  • the reduction ratio may be an actual performance value calculated from a sheet thickness, or may also be a setup value of a rolling stand.
  • the temperature is desirably measured at the step position with a radiation thermometer or a contact thermometer, but may also be an estimated value obtained by a temperature model or the like.
  • the cooling step performed on a run-out-table is divided into first to third-stage cooling steps in terms of precipitation control and structure control.
  • FIRST-STAGE COOLING STEP “TIME PERIOD UNTIL START OF COOLING” indicates a time period until start of cooling on a run-out-table after passing through a rolling stand of a finish rolling final pass
  • COOLING RATE indicates an average cooling rate by water cooling
  • COOLING STOP TEMPERATURE indicates a temperature at which water cooling in the first-stage cooling step is stopped.
  • COOLING RATE indicates an average cooling rate by air cooling without pouring water mainly
  • HOLDING TIME PERIOD indicates a holding time period of air cooling without pouring water
  • COOLING STOP TEMPERATURE indicates a temperature at which holding of air cooling without pouring water is completed.
  • COOLING RATE indicates an average cooling rate until restart of water cooling and coiling after air cooling and holding
  • COILING TEMPERATURE indicates a temperature immediately before a steel sheet is coiled into a coil shape by a coiler after stopping water cooling.
  • TOTAL CUMULATIVE DIFFUSION LENGTH indicates the total cumulative diffusion length L total of Ti in ferrite and is obtained by Expression (3) by adding up the diffusion length L of Ti in ferrite expressed by Expression (2) for the very short time period ⁇ t/sec from a cooling completing temperature to coiling.
  • a sample was taken from the 1 ⁇ 4W position or 3 ⁇ 4W position of a sheet width of each of the obtained steel sheets, and by using an optical microscope, each microstructure at the 1 ⁇ 4 thickness of a sheet thickness was observed.
  • a sheet thickness cross section in the rolling direction was polished as an observation surface to be subjected to etching with a nital reagent and a LePera reagent. From each optical micrograph at 500 magnifications of the sheet thickness cross sections etched with a nital reagent and a LePera reagent, “MICROSTRUCTURE” was classified.
  • the dispersion state of the low-temperature transformation product is classified into one in which the low-temperature transformation products are dispersed in an island shape at a corner, an edge, and a grain boundary surface of a ferrite grain as “ISLAND SHAPE,” one in which they are island shaped but are distributed continuously parallel to the rolling direction as “ALIGNED STATE,” and one in which they are dispersed to surround a grain boundary surface of a ferrite grain mainly as “FILM SHAPE.”
  • Nanohardness Hn was measured by using TriboScope/Tribolndenter manufactured by Hysitron. As the measuring condition, hardness of the low-temperature transformation product was measured at 20 points or more with 1 mN of load, and an arithmetic average of them and a standard deviation were calculated.
  • Measurement of “FERRITE TiC DENSITY” being a TiC precipitate density was performed by a three-dimensional atom probe measurement method.
  • First, an acicular sample is prepared from a sample to be measured by cutting and electropolishing, and by using focused ion beam milling together with electropolishing according to need.
  • integrated data can be reconstructed to obtain an actual distribution image of atoms in a real space.
  • a number density of TiC precipitates is obtained from the volume of a three-dimensional distribution image of TiC precipitates and the number of TiC precipitates. Incidentally, the measurement was performed in a manner that ferrite grains are specified and five or more of ferrite grains for each sample are used.
  • a diameter calculated from the number of atoms constituting observed TiC precipitates and a lattice constant of TiC assuming that the precipitates are spherical is set as the size.
  • diameters of 30 or more of TiC precipitates were measured. An average value of them was 2 to 30 nm or so.
  • tensile strength properties (YP, TS, and El) were evaluated based on JIS Z 2241-1998 by using a No. 5 test piece of JIS Z 2201-1998 taken from the 1 ⁇ 4W position or the 3 ⁇ 4W position of the sheet width in a direction vertical to the rolling direction.
  • a hole expanding test was employed as an index of the burring workability. With regard to the hole expanding test, a test piece was taken from the same position as that where a tensile test piece was taken, and the burring workability was evaluated based on a test method described in Japan Iron and Steel Federation specification JFS T 1001-1996.
  • a fatigue test piece having a shape shown in FIG. 1 was taken from the same position as that where the tensile test piece was taken so that the side in the rolling direction could be a long side and was subjected to a fatigue test.
  • the fatigue test piece described in FIG. 1 is a notched test piece prepared for obtaining the notch fatigue strength. Side surface corner portions (portions each surrounded by a dotted line in FIG. 1 ) of this notched test piece are each chamfered with 1R to be polished in the longitudinal direction with # 600 .
  • the notch was made by punching with a cylinder punch in the same manner as that of the hole expanding test piece. Incidentally, a punching clearance was set to 12.5%. However, on the fatigue test piece, grinding of fine finishing was performed down to the depth of 0.05 mm or so from the uppermost surface layer.
  • a Schenck type fatigue testing machine was used for the fatigue test, and a test method was based on JIS Z 2273-1978 and JIS Z 2275-1978. “ ⁇ wk/TS” being the definition of the notch fatigue property in Table 3 is a value of a 2 million cycle fatigue strength obtained by this test divided by a tensile strength.
  • the surface property was evaluated by “SURFACE DEFECT” and “ROUGHNESS” before pickling.
  • This evaluation is equal to or less than the reference, there is sometimes a case that the surface quality is evaluated according to a pattern and unevenness of the surface caused by a scale defect by inferiors and customers even after pickling.
  • “SURFACE DEFECT” indicates a result obtained by visually recognizing the presence/absence of scale defects such as Si scales, scales, and spindles, and the case of scale defects being present is shown as “ ⁇ ” and the case of no scale defects is shown as “ ⁇ .” Incidentally, one in which these defects are partial or the reference or less is regarded as “SLIGHT” to be shown as “ ⁇ .” “ROUGHNESS” is evaluated by Rz and indicates a value obtained by a measurement method described in JIS B 0601-2001. Incidentally, as long as Rz is 20 ⁇ m or less, the surface quality is a level with no problems.
  • the corrosion resistance was evaluated by “CONVERSION TREATMENT PROPERTY” AND “POST-COATING CORROSION RESISTANCE.”
  • the phosphoric acid conversion treatment is a treatment using a chemical solution having phosphoric acid and Zn ions as its main component, and is a chemical reaction to generate a crystal called phosphophyllite: FeZn2(PO4)3 ⁇ 4H2O between Fe ions to liquate from the steel sheet.
  • the technical points of the phosphoric acid conversion treatment are to (1) make Fe ions liquate to promote the reaction and to (2) densely form phosphophyllite crystals on the surface of the steel sheet.
  • This lack of hiding can be recognized by observation by a scanning electron microscope, 20 visual fields or so are observed at 1000 magnifications, and the case where the conversion coating film is uniformly attached to the entire surface and no lack of hiding can be recognized is regarded as no lack of hiding to be shown as “ ⁇ .” Further, the case where the visual field with recognition of lack of hiding is 5% or less is regarded as slight to be shown as “ ⁇ .” Further, the case where it is greater than 5% is regarded as presence of lack of hiding to be evaluated as “ ⁇ .”
  • P ratio ⁇ 0.80 is required in order to satisfy anticorrosion performance and coating performance, and under severe corrosive environment such as in a thawing salt scattering region, P ratio ⁇ 0.85 is required.
  • electrodeposition coating to have a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was performed after the conversion treatment and a coating and baking treatment at 170° C. ⁇ for 20 minutes was performed, and then an incision having a length of 130 mm was made in an electrodeposition coating film to reach the base iron with a knife having a sharp end, and under a salt spray condition described in JIS Z 2371, 5% salt spraying at a temperature of 35° C. was performed for 700 hours continuously and then a tape (Nichiban Co., Ltd.
  • Steel numbers 32 and 39 contain Steel K and R containing no Si intentionally respectively, and the content of Si of them is 0 or an impurity level. However, Steel numbers 32 and 39 also satisfy the mechanical property of the present invention.
  • the heating temperature is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the tensile strength is low.
  • the total reduction ratio of the rough rolling is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the number of passes at 1050 to 1150° C. and at 20% or more is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the time period until start of the finish rolling is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the tensile strength and the hole expansion value are low.
  • the finish rolling start temperature is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the tensile strength is low.
  • the total reduction ratio of the finish rolling is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the finish rolling finishing temperature is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the finish rolling finishing temperature is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the cooling rate of the cooling (a) is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value and the notch fatigue property are low.
  • the cooling stop temperature of the cooling (a) is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the tensile strength and the notch fatigue property are low.
  • the cooling stop temperature of the cooling (a) is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the tensile strength and the notch fatigue property are low.
  • the cooling rate of the cooling (b) is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the tensile strength and the hole expansion value are low.
  • the holding time period of the cooling (b) is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the tensile strength and the notch fatigue property are low.
  • the cooling rate of the cooling (c) is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value and the notch fatigue property are low.
  • the coiling temperature is outside the range of the manufacturing method of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the content of C is outside the range of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the content of C is outside the range of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the tensile strength is low.
  • the content of Mn is outside the range of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the tensile strength is low.
  • the content of P is outside the range of the present invention steel, so that the elongation and the notch fatigue property are low due to embrittlement.
  • the content of S is outside the range of the present invention steel, so that MnS becomes a starting point of a crack and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the content of N is outside the range of the present invention steel, so that coarse TiN becomes a starting point of a crack and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the content of Ti is outside the range of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the notch fatigue property is low.
  • the content of Ti is outside the range of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the tensile strength is low.
  • the value of Ti* is outside the range of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value and the notch fatigue property are low.
  • the content of Al is outside the range of the present invention steel, so that the predetermined microstructure cannot be obtained and the hole expansion value is low.
  • the dual phase steel sheet of the present invention can be used for various uses such as shipbuilding, construction, bridges, offshore structures, pressure vessels, linepipes, and machine parts, in addition to automobile members that are required to have workability, hole expandability, and bendability as well as having high strength such as inner sheet members, structure members, and underbody members.

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