US9520574B2 - Electroluminescent devices based on phosphorescent iridium and related group VIII metal multicyclic compounds - Google Patents
Electroluminescent devices based on phosphorescent iridium and related group VIII metal multicyclic compounds Download PDFInfo
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- US9520574B2 US9520574B2 US13/643,054 US201113643054A US9520574B2 US 9520574 B2 US9520574 B2 US 9520574B2 US 201113643054 A US201113643054 A US 201113643054A US 9520574 B2 US9520574 B2 US 9520574B2
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- group
- substituted
- aryl
- unsubstituted
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 23
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 131
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 99
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 96
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 95
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 88
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 59
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 56
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 40
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 40
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- ATTZFSUZZUNHBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperonyl sulfoxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 ATTZFSUZZUNHBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 39
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)OC(O)=O ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- XNBNXFVMQIZMBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroperoxy nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OOO[N+]([O-])=O XNBNXFVMQIZMBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001054 5 membered carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004008 6 membered carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 135
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 0 *.B.C*N.CC.CCC Chemical compound *.B.C*N.CC.CCC 0.000 description 40
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 35
- -1 aluminium quinolinol Chemical compound 0.000 description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 34
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 29
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 28
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 26
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 23
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229940093475 2-ethoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002451 electron ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical class C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004293 19F NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Substances C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWIVRAVCZJXOQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-oxathiazole Chemical class N1SOC=C1 KWIVRAVCZJXOQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWHUHTFXMNQHAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[7]annulen-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC2=CC=CC=C12 KWHUHTFXMNQHAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001960 7 membered carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N dichloromethane-d2 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])(Cl)Cl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004925 dihydropyridyl group Chemical group N1(CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004893 oxazines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004892 pyridazines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003549 thiazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SCEIUGQQBYRBPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1h-azepine Chemical class C1CCC=CNC1 SCEIUGQQBYRBPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MMVNFFABUFUSJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)C1=NN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3CCCN21.CC1=NC2=C(CCCC3=CC=CC=C32)S1.CCC1=NC2=C(CCCC3=CC=CC=C32)N1O.CN1C=C2CCCC3=CC=C(F)C=C3C2=N1.CN1C=C2CCCC3=CC=CC=C3C2=N1.CN1N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3CCCC2=C1C(F)(F)F Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=NN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3CCCN21.CC1=NC2=C(CCCC3=CC=CC=C32)S1.CCC1=NC2=C(CCCC3=CC=CC=C32)N1O.CN1C=C2CCCC3=CC=C(F)C=C3C2=N1.CN1C=C2CCCC3=CC=CC=C3C2=N1.CN1N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3CCCC2=C1C(F)(F)F MMVNFFABUFUSJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UQFQONCQIQEYPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylpyrazole Chemical compound CN1C=CC=N1 UQFQONCQIQEYPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001537 azepanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001538 azepines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- 150000000117 diazepanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002576 diazepinyl group Chemical class N1N=C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 3
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002461 imidazolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002780 morpholines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005063 oxadiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CQDAMYNQINDRQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxatriazole Chemical class C1=NN=NO1 CQDAMYNQINDRQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002916 oxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003218 pyrazolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003235 pyrrolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003236 pyrrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004897 thiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWQPGNZHJFFKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepin-1-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCCC2=CC=CC=C12 WWQPGNZHJFFKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XIHDQQFQADAUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(5-tert-butyl-1h-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=NNC(C=2N=CC=CC=2)=N1 XIHDQQFQADAUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FINFQVFONOBCOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dihydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-a][2]benzazepine Chemical compound C1CCC2=CC=CC=C2C2=NC=CN21 FINFQVFONOBCOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIIICACPFONLNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[7]annulen-5-one Chemical compound O=C1C(Br)CCCC2=CC=CC=C21 JIIICACPFONLNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLMLFECVGLNYHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxyimino-8,9-dihydro-7h-benzo[7]annulen-5-one Chemical compound O=C1C(=NO)CCCC2=CC=CC=C21 NLMLFECVGLNYHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229940125773 compound 10 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004852 dihydrofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AZHVQJLDOFKHPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiazine Chemical class O1SN=CC=C1 AZHVQJLDOFKHPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004713 phosphodiesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081066 picolinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical class C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical class O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrroline Natural products C1CC=NC1 ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- IOGXOCVLYRDXLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl nitrite Chemical compound CC(C)(C)ON=O IOGXOCVLYRDXLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012414 tert-butyl nitrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=S YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002424 x-ray crystallography Methods 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H01L51/5012—
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0033—Iridium compounds
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H01L51/0085—
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- H01L51/5016—
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
- C09K2211/1037—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom with sulfur
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1044—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
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- C09K2211/1059—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing three nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel phosphorescent materials, and to electroluminescent devices containing them.
- An organic electroluminescent device is generally comprised of a pair of electrodes forming an anode and a cathode, and one layer or multiple layers comprising a hole transporting layer, emission layer (with an emissive material) and electron transporting layer.
- a hole transporting layer forming an anode and a cathode
- emission layer with an emissive material
- electron transporting layer Into the organic layer(s), holes and electrons are injected from the anode and the cathode, respectively, thus resulting in excitons within the emission material. When the excitons transition to the ground state, the emissive material emits light.
- an organic electroluminescent device which comprised a layer of an aluminium quinolinol complex (as electron transporting and luminescent material) and a layer of a triphenylamine derivative (as a hole transporting material) resulted in luminescence of about 1,000 cd/m 2 under an application of a voltage of 10 V.
- Examples of related U.S. Patents include U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,539,507; 4,720,432 and 4,885,211.
- the luminescence of such devices may fall into one of two main categories—fluorescence and phosphorescence, based on whether the luminescent material is a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material.
- the mechanism through which the luminescence is obtained differs between these categories of materials.
- the present invention provides a new range of phosphorescent materials.
- the present invention also provides new organic electroluminescent devices containing such phosphorescent materials.
- an organic electroluminescent device comprising:
- the phosphorescent material can be used as an emission material in the organic electroluminescent device.
- the phosphorescent material may form a layer of the device, or a component of a layer of the device.
- the phosphorescent material may be present as a dopant within a host material, wherein the host material may be an electron transporting material or a hole transporting material or both.
- the possible substituents in rings A and B of the phosphorescent material used in the device may independently be selected from the group consisting of:
- an organic electroluminescent device comprising:
- a phosphorescent material comprising a complex of a metal atom M selected from Ir, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru and Os and at least one ligand L, wherein the ligand L is represented by formula (1), as defined above.
- a phosphorescent material of formula (2) ML m L′ n (2) wherein: M is a metal atom selected from Ir, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru and Os, L is a ligand represented by formula (1), as defined above, L′ is a bidentate ligand of a different identity to L, m is an integer selected from 1, 2 and 3, and n is an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2.
- a method for the production of a phosphorescent material comprising:
- an organic electroluminescent device comprising the phosphorescent material of the third or fourth aspect.
- a phosphorescent material of the third or fourth aspect in an organic electroluminescent device.
- a phosphorescent material of the third or fourth aspect as an emission material in an organic electroluminescent device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the basic structure of an organic electroluminescent device according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the basic structure of an organic electroluminescent device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the basic structure of an organic electroluminescent device according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the basic structure of an organic electroluminescent device according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows the emission spectrum of the compound exemplified below as 10 at room temperature.
- the phosphorescent material for use in the organic electroluminescent device of the present application comprises a complex of a metal atom M selected from Ir, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, and Os and at least one ligand L of formula (1).
- the phosphorescent material may, in some embodiments be homoleptic (i.e. containing the same ligands that fall within the scope of the ligand L represented by formula (1)).
- the phosphorescent material may be heteroleptic (i.e. containing different ligands falling within the scope of the ligand L represented by formula (1), or containing at least one ligand falling within the scope of the ligand L represented by formula (1) and other ligands (e.g. bidentate ligands L′ having the formula (5), (6) or (7) set out below)).
- heteroleptic i.e. containing different ligands falling within the scope of the ligand L represented by formula (1), or containing at least one ligand falling within the scope of the ligand L represented by formula (1) and other ligands (e.g. bidentate ligands L′ having the formula (5), (6) or (7) set out below)).
- phosphorescent material in its broadest sense to refer to any chemical substance containing the required metal and ligand of formula (1), and extends to compounds, complexes, polymers, monomers and the like materials. It will be understood that some forms of the phosphorescent material are polymer forms.
- the reference to the material being “phosphorescent” indicates that the material has the property of being capable of emitting light following excitation, through transitioning of the excitons to ground state. This is typically from a triplet exciton state.
- the phosphorescent material may be referred to as a phosphorescent complex, or a phosphorescent organometallic complex.
- the metal atom is Ir.
- Such phosphorescent materials containing Ir as the metal atom may be referred to as phosphorescent iridium complexes.
- iridium tends to form a hexa-coordinate complex with the subject ligands.
- the ligand of formula (1) coordinates to the iridium at two coordination sites.
- the phosphorescent material may comprise up to 3 ligands L of formula (1), or may comprise one or two ligands of formula (1), and one or more additional ligands.
- the phosphorescent material may comprises 3 bidentate ligands, specifically between one and three ligands L of formula (1), and 0, 1 or 2 further ligands L′.
- the phosphorescent material may be of formula (2): ML m L′ n (2) wherein M and L are as defined previously, L′ is a bidentate ligand of a different identity to L, m is an integer selected from 1, 2 and 3, and n is an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2.
- the phosphorescent material may comprise 1 or 2 ligands L of formula (1), and 0 or 1 additional bidentate ligands.
- m+n 2.
- the ligand L represented by formula (1) contains an A ring which is a 5-membered aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom, wherein the nitrogen atom can bind (or is bound) to the metal atom.
- the other 4 atoms in the A ring may be selected from carbon (containing H or a substituent), nitrogen (optionally containing H or a substituent), oxygen and sulphur atoms.
- rings containing N and C such as pyrazoles, pyrazolines, imidazoles, imidazolines, triazoles, tetrazoles;
- rings containing N, C and O such as oxazoles oxazolines, oxadiazoles
- rings containing N, C and S such as thiazoles, thiazolines, thiadiazoles
- the 4 atoms other than the nitrogen atom illustrated in Formula (1) in the A ring are carbon or nitrogen, wherein the carbon atoms contain H or a substituent and the nitrogen atoms may contain H or a substituent.
- Possible substituents on the atoms in the A ring can be selected from the group consisting of:
- the ligand L represented by formula (1) contains a B ring which is a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic or non-aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle containing a carbon atom which is (or can be) bound to the metal atom (as illustrated in formula (1)).
- the other 4 or 5 atoms in the B ring are selected from carbon (containing H or a substituent), nitrogen (which may be substituted or unsubstituted), oxygen and sulphur atoms.
- the B ring may be selected from the group consisting of: rings containing only C, such as: benzene, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, cyclopentene and cyclopentadiene;
- rings containing N and C such as: pyridine, pyridazines, pyrimidines, pyrroles, pyrazoles, dihydropyridines, dihydropridazines, dihydropyrimidines, pyrroline, pyrazolines;
- rings containing O and C such as: pyranes, dioxins, furanes, dihydropyranes, dihydrofuranes;
- rings containing S and C such as: thiophenes, dihydrothiophenes;
- rings containing N, C and O such as: oxazines, oxazoles, dihydrooxazines;
- rings containing S, C and O such as: oxathiazines, dihydrooxathiazine;
- rings containing N, C and S such as: thiazoles;
- ring B Some possible ring structures for ring B are illustrated by, but not restricted to, the examples below:
- the 4 or 5 atoms other than the illustrated carbon atom in the B ring are each carbon, nitrogen or sulphur.
- Possible substituents on the atoms in the B ring can be selected from the group consisting of:
- Rings A and B are joined by a direct covalent bond as represented in formula (1).
- Rings A and B are also joined via a tether Q.
- Q is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, aryl or alkyl-aryl tether of between 3 and 20 carbon atoms in length, wherein:
- Suitable tethers Q include, but are not restricted to, the following:
- the tether is of at least 3 carbon atoms in length. When combined with the atoms from the A and B rings, this results in the formation of a minimum 7-membered ring.
- a tether of 4 atoms in length (being carbon, or substitutes for carbon) forms an 8-membered ring, and so forth for increasing tether lengths.
- the ligand L is of the formula (3):
- Q and ring B are as defined previously, and wherein: A 1 and A 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: C, N, O and S, wherein the C or N may be substituted or unsubstituted, A 3 and A 4 are selected from the group consisting of: C and N, wherein the C may be substituted or unsubstituted.
- the ligand L is of formula (4):
- a 1 and A 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: C, N, O and S, wherein the C or N may be substituted or unsubstituted
- a 3 and A 4 are selected from the group consisting of: C and N, wherein the C may be substituted or unsubstituted
- B 1 and B 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: C, N, O and S, wherein the C or N may be substituted or unsubstituted
- B 3 when present, is selected from the group consisting of: C, N, O and S, wherein the C or N may be substituted or unsubstituted
- B 4 is selected from the group consisting of: C and N, wherein the C may be substituted or unsubstituted
- B 5 is C.
- a 1 and A 2 are C or N, wherein the C or N is unsubstituted or substituted.
- B 1 , B 2 and B 3 are selected from C, N or S, wherein the C or N is unsubstituted or substituted.
- Suitable ligands L include, but are not restricted to, the following:
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 can be independently selected from the group consisting of:
- any ligands known in the art may be used as the further ligands that may be complexed with the metal atom, when the number of ligands L of formula (1) are not sufficient to fill all co-ordination sites for the metal atom.
- These may be monodentate, or multidentate, such as bidentate, tridentate, tetradentate or so forth. Bidentate ligands are preferred.
- the further ligands L′ are bidentate.
- Some examples are those of formulae (5), (6) and (7) set out below:
- G is a ligand component comprising one or two substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, which is connected covalently to two O-atoms, and the O atoms can each bind to the metal M at the asterisk (*).
- Each of Y and Y′, for each of formulae (5) and (6), are independently selected from 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycles which are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents.
- Y and Y′ contain at least one nitrogen atom as represented in formula (5) and formula (6).
- the other 4, 5 or 6 atoms in the Y and Y′ rings are selected from carbon (containing H or a substituent), nitrogen (which may be substituted or unsubstituted), oxygen, sulphur and silicon (which may be substituted or unsubstituted) atoms.
- the Y and Y′ rings (which contain at least one nitrogen atom) may be selected from the group consisting of:
- rings containing N and C such as: pyrazoles, pyrazolines, imidazoles, imidazolines, triazoles, tetrazoles, pyrrolidines, pyrrolines, pyrrols, imidazolidines, pyrazolidines, piperidines, pyridines, dihydropyridines, pipirazines, dihydropyrazines, pyrazines, pyridazines, dihydropyridazines, dihydropyrimidines, pyrimidines, dihydrotriazines, triazines, azepines, dihydroazepines, tetrahydroazepines, azepanes, diazepines, dihydrodiazepines, tetrahydrodiazepanes, diazepanes; rings containing N, C and O, such as: oxazoles oxazolines, oxadiazoles, dioxazoles, o
- Examples of 5- 6- and 7-membered carbocycles or heterocycles include: rings containing C, such as: benzenes;
- rings containing N and C such as: pyrrolidines, pyrrolines, pyrrols, imidazolidines, imidazolines, imidazoles, pyrazolidines, pyrazolines, pyrazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, piperidines, pyridines, dihydropyridines, pipirazines, dihydropyrazines, pyrazines, pyridazines, dihydropyridazines, dihydropyrimidines, pyrimidines, dihydrotriazines, triazines, azepines, dihydroazepines, tetrahydroazepines, azepanes, diazepines, dihydrodiazepines, tetrahydrodiazepanes, diazepanes; rings containing N, C and O, such as: oxazolines, oxazoles, oxadiazoles, dioxazoles,
- Z is a ligand component connected via a covalent bond to ring Y, and connected to the metal atom via X.
- ligand component Z refers to any group or moiety that may be located between ring Y and the atom X through which the ligand is attached to the metal atom.
- the ligand component may be selected from:
- a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, aryl or alkyl-aryl group of between 1 and 20 carbon atoms in length wherein: one or more of the carbon atoms in the ligand component may by replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, —NH—, —CONH—, —C ⁇ N—, —Si— and —B— (wherein the —Si— and —B— contain substituents based on their valency), and wherein any carbon, nitrogen, silicon or boron atom of the ligand component may contain one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, amide, imine, imide, amidine, amine, nitro, hydroxy, ether, carbonyl, carboxy, carbonate, carbamate, phosphine, phosphate, phosphonate, sulphide, sul
- Examples of 5- 6- and 7-membered carbocycles or heterocycles include:
- rings containing C such as: benzenes
- rings containing N and C such as: pyrrolidines, pyrrolines, pyrrols, imidazolidines, imidazolines, imidazoles, pyrazolidines, pyrazolines, pyrazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, piperidines, pyridines, dihydropyridines, pipirazines, dihydropyrazines, pyrazines, pyridazines, dihydropyridazines, dihydropyrimidines, pyrimidines, dihydrotriazines, triazines, azepines, dihydroazepines, tetrahydroazepines, azepanes, diazepines, dihydrodiazepines, tetrahydrodiazepanes, diazepanes; rings containing N, C and O, such as: oxazolines, oxazoles, oxadiazoles, dioxazoles,
- X is selected from: N, O, S or P atoms. X forms a monovalent bond with the metal M at the asterisk (*).
- the N and P atoms may contain one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, alkyl-aryl (wherein one or more of the carbon atoms in the alkyl, aryl, alkyl-aryl may be replaced with N, O, S, P or Si, said replacement atoms containing H or another substituent as required given the valency of the atom), halogen, cyano, amide, imine, imide, amidine, amine, nitro, hydroxy, ether, carbonyl, carboxy, carbonate, carbamate, phosphine, phosphate, phosphonate, sulphide, sulphone, sulphoxide, alkenyl, alkynyl or silyl.
- substituents selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, alkyl-aryl (wherein one or more of the carbon atoms in the alkyl, aryl, alkyl-aryl may be replaced with
- G is a ligand component comprising one or two substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms and may additionally form part of a fused ring system.
- Suitable substituents include: alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, heteroaryl, halogen, cyano, amide, imine, imide, amidine, amine, nitro, hydroxy, ether, carbonyl, carboxy, carbonate, carbamate, phosphine, phosphate, phosphonate, sulphide, sulphone, sulphoxide, alkynyl, silyl and substituents containing a functional group that can be polymerised or a polymer chain.
- two substituents may together form a ring or fused ring system.
- G is covalently connected to two O atoms via a single or double bond.
- ligands L′ of formula (5), (6) and (7) include the following:
- the phosphorescent material of one embodiment of the invention is of formula (2): ML m L′ n (2) wherein:
- G is a ligand component comprising one or two substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, which is connected covalently to two O-atoms; and the O-atoms are each bound to the metal at the asterisk (*),
- the phosphorescent materials of the present invention can be prepared by using synthetic procedures such as those described for example in:
- the phosphorescent materials can be simply prepared by:
- a precursor complex of Ir (as the metal), the precursor complex comprising substitutable ligands (in this case, 3 CH 3 COCHCOCH 3 ligands) is reacted with 3 molar equivalents of ligand L to produce Ir(L) 3 .
- substitutable ligands in this case, 3 CH 3 COCHCOCH 3 ligands
- a precursor complex of Ir comprising substitutable ligands (in this case, the complex is IrCl 3 .3H 2 O, and the ligands are —Cl and H 2 O) is reacted with 2 molar equivalents of ligand L to produce [IrL 2 Cl] 2 , and this product is reacted with another molar equivalent of ligand L to produce IrL 3 .
- a precursor complex of Ir comprising substitutable ligands (in this case, the complex is IrCl 3 .3H 2 O, and the ligands are —Cl and H 2 O) is reacted with 2 molar equivalents of ligand L to produce [Ir(L) 2 Cl] 2 , and this product is reacted with one molar equivalent of ligand L′ to produce IrL 2 L′.
- a precursor complex of Ir in the +1 oxidation state with substitutable ligands e.g. alkene ligands in a ⁇ 2 hapticity, in this case 1,5-cyclooctadiene
- substitutable ligands e.g. alkene ligands in a ⁇ 2 hapticity, in this case 1,5-cyclooctadiene
- heterocycle is well understood in the art of chemistry, and is used to refer to any cyclic groups having between one and five rings, and between 3 to 50 (preferably 5 to 20) ring atoms, of which at least one atom is a heteroatom.
- the heterocyclic group is specifically a 5-membered, 6-membered or 7-membered heterocyclic group (a single-ring heterocyclic group), however the optional substituents for these groups may form a second ring that is fused to the main heterocyclic ring.
- the heteroatoms may be selected from one or more of O, N, S, Si and P.
- heterocyclic groups are the heteroaromatic (or heteroaryl) groups, which are aromatic groups containing one or more heteroatoms selected from one or more of O, N and S. Such heteroaromatic groups also fall within the definition of aryl group.
- heteroaromatic groups which may constitute certain moieties in the phosphorescent material are outlined above.
- heterocyclic groups include moieties of imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, benzothiophene, oxadiazoline, indoline, carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzoquinone, pyrazoline, imidazolidine, piperidine, etc.
- cyclic is used in its broadest sense to refer to cyclic groups and linked or fused ring systems having between 3 and 50 ring atoms, which may be carbocyclic (containing carbon ring-atoms only) or heterocyclic (containing carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom), and may be saturated or unsaturated.
- the number of rings is suitably between 1 and 5, preferably 1 or 2. In the case of 5-, 6- and 7-membered cyclic groups, these are single rings containing 5, 6 or 7 ring atoms.
- the cyclic group is a carbocycle, that is, a ring containing carbon atoms as the ring atoms. In other instances where the number of ring atoms is not identified, the cyclic group may contain a single ring of any suitable number of ring atoms, or up to 5 linked or fused rings each containing any suitable number of ring atoms.
- alkyl refers to linear or branched alkyl groups or cyclic alkyl groups, comprising between 1 and 20 carbon atoms. These are derived from alkanes. Examples of linear alkyl groups include methyl, propyl or decyl, and examples of branched alkyl groups include iso-butyl, tert-butyl or 3-methyl-hexyl. Examples of cyclic alkyl groups include cyclohexyl and fused alkyl cyclic ring systems.
- aryl or “aryl group” is well understood in the art of chemistry, and is used to refer to any aromatic substituent.
- the aromatic substituent preferably contains from 1 aromatic ring, up to 4 fused aromatic rings, and between 5 and 50 ring atoms.
- the aryl group may be carbocyclic (i.e. contain carbon and hydrogen only) or may be heteroaromatic (i.e. contain carbon, hydrogen, and at least one heteroatom).
- the aryl group may be monocyclic such as a phenyl, or a polycyclic aryl group such as naphthyl or anthryl.
- aryl groups include a phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, pyrenyl group, etc.
- aryl is also used to describe an aromatic ring with any degree of substitution.
- alkyl-aryl refers to a group containing an alkyl group connected to an aryl group.
- tether refers to a chain that joins two groups together, such as the two rings A and B.
- halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- amide refers to substituents containing the group —C(O)NRR′, wherein R and R′ are selected from H, alkyl, aryl or alkyl-aryl groups, which have been defined previously.
- imide refers to substituents containing the group —C(O)NRC(O)R′, wherein R and R′ are selected from H, alkyl, aryl or alkyl-aryl groups.
- mine refers to substituents containing the group —C( ⁇ NR)R′, wherein R and R′ are selected from H, alkyl, aryl or alkyl-aryl groups.
- amidine refers to substituents containing the group —C( ⁇ NR)NR′R′′, wherein R, R′ and R′′ are selected from H, alkyl, aryl or alkyl-aryl groups.
- amine refers to the amino group —NH 2 , and also to secondary and tertiary alkylamino, arylamino and alkylarylamino groups.
- arylamino group include a diphenylamino group, ditolylamino group, isopropyldiphenylamino group, t-butyldiphenylamino group, diisopropyldiphenylamino group, di-t-butyldiphenylamino group, dinaphthylamino group, naphthylphenylamino group, etc.
- alkylamino group include dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, dihexylamino group, etc.
- Niro refers to —NO 2 .
- Cyano refers to —C ⁇ N.
- Hydroxy refers to —OH.
- “Ether” refers to groups containing an ether group R—O—R′, wherein R and R′ are selected from H, alkyl, aryl or alkyl-aryl groups, which have been defined previously.
- Carbonyl refers to substituents containing a carbonyl group —C ⁇ O.
- groups include ketones (—COR), aldehydes (—CHO), carboxylic acids (—CO 2 H), enones (—C ⁇ O—CR ⁇ CR′R′′), esters (—CO 2 R), acyl halides (—COhalogen), acid anhydrides (—C( ⁇ O)—O—C( ⁇ O)—R′) and carbonates R—O—C( ⁇ O)—O—R′ as examples, where each of R, R′ and R′′ is an alkyl or aryl group.
- Carboxyl refers to substituents containing a carboxylate group (RCO 2 ⁇ ), where R is alkyl or aryl, as examples.
- “Carbamate” refers to substituents containing a carbamate group —O—C( ⁇ O)—NRR′, where R and R are typically alkyl or aryl, or may together form a ring.
- Phosphine refers to —PR 2 , wherein R is selected from H, alkyl, aryl or alkyl-aryl. “Phosphate” refers to substituents containing the PO 4 group, with any suitable end groups such as H, aryl and/or alkyl. Examples include —OP( ⁇ O)—(OR) 2 , where each R is independently H, alkyl, aryl, etc. “Phosphonate” refers to a moiety derived from the removal of an atom from a phosphonate of the formula O ⁇ P(OR) 2 R′.
- “Sulphide” refers to —SR where R is H, alkyl or aryl, as an example.
- “Sulphone” refers to groups containing the unit —S( ⁇ O) 2 —, such as —S( ⁇ O) 2 —R where R is alkyl or aryl, as examples.
- “Sulphoxide” refers to groups containing the unit —S( ⁇ O)—, such as —S( ⁇ O)—R where R is alkyl or aryl, as examples.
- Alkenyl refers to hydrocarbon chains of between 2 and 20 carbon atoms in length containing at least one —C ⁇ C— group. Examples include vinyl, allyl (including substituted variants thereof) and all isomers of propenyl, butenyl, heptenyl, hexenyl, etc.
- Alkynyl refers to hydrocarbon chains of between 2 and 20 carbon atoms in length containing at least one —C ⁇ C— group. Examples include propynyl, butynyl, heptynyl, hexynyl, etc.
- “Silyl” refers to a moiety of the formula —SiR 3 (wherein R is any substituent, such as H, alkyl, aryl, etc), and silyl ethers —SiR′ 2 OR′′ where R′ and R′′ are any suitable substituents such as alkyl, aryl, and alkyl-aryl, etc. Further examples include a trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, t-butyldimethylsilyl group, vinyldimethylsilyl group, propyldimethylsilyl group, methyldiphenylsilyl group, dimethylphenylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, etc.
- the ligand may contain a substituent which contains a functional group that can be polymerised or a polymer chain.
- the functional group or polymer chain may be attached via any suitable divalent linking group, which may be referred to as —R linker -.
- divalent linking groups include —O—, —NH—, —Nalkyl-, —Naryl-, -alkyl- (such as —(CH 2 ) x —), —CO 2 —, —CO—, -aryl-, -heteroaryl-, and combinations thereof.
- Combinations include, as examples, —O-aryl-, —NH-aryl-, —Nalkyl-aryl-, —(CH 2 ) x -aryl-.
- Functional groups that can be polymerised include —R linker -′CR 1 ⁇ CHR 2 , where R linker is as defined above, R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, and R 2 is hydrogen, a halogen atom, nitro group, acetyl group, acrylate group, amide group, cyano group, carboxylate group, sulphonate group, an aryl, an alkyl or a heterocyclic group. Each of these substituents may be further substituted by one or more further substituents selected from the range of possible substituents for A rings identified previously. The point of attachment of the monomer segment is via the carbon atom marked ′C.
- the monomer may be polymerised subsequently to form a polymeric version of the phosphorescent material.
- Other examples of functional groups that can be polymerised include amino acids, lactams, hydroxy acids, lactones, aryl halides, boronic acids, alkynes, epoxides and phosphodiesters.
- the ring may be a single ring of between 5 and 20 atoms in size, in which the ring is carbocyclic or heterocyclic (i.e. the atoms are selected from carbon and heteroatoms), or a fused ring system of between 5 and 50 atoms in size, and containing from 2 to 4 rings.
- the fused ring system may also be fused to other rings of the subject compound—such as the A or B ring in the case of ligands L of formula (1). Examples of suitable rings and fused rings include those described above in the context of cyclic.
- the phosphorescent materials of the present invention can be used to fabricate organic electroluminescent devices which can be tuned to produce an emission colour from 400-800 nm.
- the invention provides an organic electroluminescent device comprising:
- organic compound layer or one or more of the organic compound layers, comprises a phosphorescent material as described above.
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the present invention is composed of organic compounds layer(s) aligned between an anode and a cathode.
- the organic layer(s) may be constituted by:
- the organic compound layer comprising the above-mentioned phosphorescent material of the present application may be formed separately, or together, with the other layers (if any other layers are present) between the pair of electrodes (cathode and anode).
- Suitable formation techniques include vacuum deposition or solution process.
- the thickness of the organic compound layer may be preferably less than at most 10 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, even more preferably 0.001-0.5 ⁇ m.
- the organic electroluminescent device of embodiments of the present application may have a single layer structure comprised only of the compound as defined by formula (1) as shown in FIG. 1 or be a multiple layered structure of two or more layers as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section of a first embodiment of the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention.
- the organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate 1 , an anode 2 (deposited on the substrate 1 ), an emission layer 3 (deposited on the anode 2 ) and a cathode 4 (deposited on the emission layer 3 ).
- the emission layer 3 forms a single organic compound type-layer.
- This single layer may be composed entirely of a compound having hole transporting ability, electron transporting ability and luminescence ability (associated with the re-combination of electrons and holes) based on its own properties, or through combination of the properties of that material with a host or dopant.
- the phosphorescent material of the present application can serve as a dopant.
- the phosphorescent material of the present application can function as a hole or electron transporting layer.
- the emission layer 3 may preferably have a thickness of 5 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 50 nm.
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention in the form of a multiple layer-type device including a hole transporting layer 5 and an electron transporting layer 6 .
- the organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate 1 and an anode 2 (deposited on the substrate 1 ).
- the hole transporting layer 5 is deposited on the anode 2 .
- the electron transporting layer 6 is deposited on the hole transporting layer 5 , and a cathode 4 is deposited on the electron transporting layer 6 .
- the hole transporting layer 5 and the electron transporting layer 6 may contain the phosphorescent material of the present application as a dopant(s) for forming a emission layer 3 .
- each of the hole transporting layer 5 and the electron transporting layer 6 may have the thickness of 5 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 nm to 50 nm
- FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention in the form of a multiple layer-type device comprising a hole transporting layer 5 , an emission layer 3 and an electron transporting layer 6 .
- the organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate 1 , an anode 2 (deposited on the substrate 1 ), a hole transporting layer 5 (deposited on the anode 2 ), an emission layer 3 (deposited on the hole transporting layer 5 ), an electron transporting layer 6 (deposited on the emission layer 3 ) and a cathode 4 (deposited on the electron transporting layer 6 ).
- each of the hole transporting layer 5 , the emission layer 3 and the electron transporting layer 6 may be formed by use of a hole transporting compound, an emissive compound and an electron transporting compound, respectively or as a mixture of these kinds of compounds.
- the phosphorescent material of the present application can form the emission layer 3 , or be a component (such as a dopant) of the hole transporting layer 5 , or be a component (such as a dopant) of the electron transporting layer 6 .
- FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention with multiple layers comprising a hole injection layer 7 , a hole transporting layer 5 , an emission layer 3 and an electron transporting layer 6 .
- the organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate 1 , an anode 2 (deposited on the substrate 1 ), a hole injection layer 7 (deposited on the anode 2 ), a hole transporting layer 5 (deposited on the hole injection layer 7 ), an emission layer 3 (deposited on the hole transporting layer 5 ), an electron transporting layer 6 (deposited on the emission layer 3 ) and a cathode 4 (deposited on the electron transporting layer 6 ).
- each of the hole injection layer 7 , the hole transporting layer 5 , the emission layer 3 and the electron transporting layer 6 may be formed by use of a hole injection compound, a hole transporting compound, an emissive compound and an electron transporting compound, respectively, or as a mixture of these kinds of compounds.
- the phosphorescent material of the present application can form the emission layer, or be a component (such as a dopant) in the hole transporting layer 5 or the electron transporting layer 6 .
- each layer may be formed by either vacuum deposition or wet process using low molecular weight or polymer compounds or a mixture of low molecular weight and polymer compounds.
- Each thickness of the layer 3 , 5 and 6 may preferably range from 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- Each of the thickness of the cathode and the anode may be preferably 100-200 nm
- the organic layer structures in the devices shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent the basic structure, respectively, so that the structure may be appropriately optimized depending on characteristics demanded. Examples of suitable modifications include the incorporation of one or more additional layers.
- the hole transporting layer may be altered to comprise a hole injection layer (deposited on the anode) and hole transporting layer (deposited on the hole injection layer).
- FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 More specific embodiments of the device structure other than those of FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are shown below, but not restricted to these device structures.
- the phosphorescent material of the present application may be formed as an emission layer, or as a dopant in a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer. According to some embodiments, there is provided the use of the phosphorescent material of the present application as an emission material in an organic electroluminescence device, or as a dopant in a hole transport layer, or as a dopant in an electron transporting layer.
- the phosphorescent material of the present application may be used in combination with one or more of a hole injection material, a hole transporting compound (or material), an electron transporting compound and/or an additional emission compound, examples of which may include the following:
- Exemplary hole transporting materials/compounds include:
- Exemplary electron transporting materials/compounds include:
- anode As a material for the anode (e.g. 2 in the Figures), it is preferred to use one having a large work function, examples of which may include metals, such as gold, platinum, nickel, palladium, cobalt, selenium, vanadium and their alloys; metal oxides, such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide (IZO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) and electroconductive polymers, such as PEDOT:PSS, polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene and derivatives thereof. These compounds may be used singly or in combination of two or more species.
- metals such as gold, platinum, nickel, palladium, cobalt, selenium, vanadium and their alloys
- metal oxides such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide (IZO) and indium tin oxide (ITO)
- electroconductive polymers such as PEDOT:PSS, polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene and derivatives thereof.
- the cathode As a material for the cathode (e.g. 4 in the Figures), it is preferred to use one having a smaller work function, usually under 4.0 eV, examples of which may include; metals such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, potassium, aluminium, indium, silver, lead, chromium and their alloys, or oxides.
- metals such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, potassium, aluminium, indium, silver, lead, chromium and their alloys, or oxides.
- the charge blocking layer may be deposited adjacent to either electrode to avoid current leakage as mentioned in embodiments (3) to (8).
- the charge blocking material it is preferred to use an inorganic compound, examples of which may include aluminium oxide, lithium fluoride, lithium oxide, caesium oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium oxide, calcium fluoride, aluminium nitride, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, vanadium oxide.
- the substrate (e.g., 1 shown in the Figures) for the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention may include an opaque substrate made from any suitable material, such as metal or ceramics, or a transparent substrate made from any suitable transparent material such as glass, quartz, plastics, etc.
- the devices of the present application can be provided in the form of a stacked organic electroluminescent (EL) device.
- EL organic electroluminescent
- the present application also extends to electronic devices comprising the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention, including displays and light sources.
- the crude pyrazole (5 g, 24.7 mmol) was taken up in DMF (25 mL) and iodomethane (2.3 ml, 37.1 mmol) and K 2 CO 3 (5.1 g, 37.1 mmol) were added.
- the reaction mixture was heated at an oil bath temperature of 100° C. for 1 hour.
- the reaction was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL).
- the organic phase was then washed twice with water (2 ⁇ 100 mL), dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent was evaporated.
- the crude product was obtained as a 6:1 mixture of regioisomers (by 1 H NMR).
- the organic phase was washed with water (100 mL) and dried over MgSO 4 .
- the solvent was evaporated to give the crude N—H-pyrazole which was used without further purification.
- the N—H-pyrazole was taken up in EtOH and hydrazine hydrate (2.5 mL, 50.1 mmol) was added. The reaction was allowed to stir at an oil bath temperature of 80° C. for 1 hour and then cooled to room temperature and the solvent was evaporated. The crude pyrazole was isolated and used without further purification.
- Ligand 1 may alternatively be reacted with other metal reagents derived from Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru or Os.
- Ligand 2 may alternatively be reacted with other metal reagents derived from Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru or Os.
- the pyrazole 3 (1 g, 3.76 mmol) and iridium(III) chloride (0.571 g, 1.71 mmol) were combined in ethoxyethanol (10 ml)/water (3 ml) and degassed.
- the reaction mixture was heated under an atmosphere of N 2 at an oil bath temperature of 130° C. for 4 hours.
- the reaction was then allowed to cool to room temperature and concentrated.
- the crude reaction residue was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 and washed with water, saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 and brine, dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent was evaporated.
- the crude product was treated with Et 2 O and the yellow precipitate was filtered. Dimer 6 (1 g, 77% yield) was used without further purification.
- Ligand 3 may alternatively be reacted with other metal reagents derived from Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru or Os.
- Dimer 4 (100 mg, 0.08 mmol), picolinic acid (25 mg 0.20 mmol) and sodium carbonate (90 mg, 0.85 mmol) were taken up in 4 ml of 2-ethoxyethanol.
- the mixture was degassed with N 2 and heated under an atmosphere of nitrogen at an oil bath temperature of 60° C. for one hour. After this time the reaction was complete as indicated by NMR analysis.
- the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, CH 2 Cl 2 was added and the excess Na 2 CO 3 was filtered off. The remaining solution was reduced to half its volume, the product was precipitated into n-hexane and collected by filtration to give 76 mg (67%) of the desired heteroleptic complex 7.
- Dimer 5 (1.19 g, 0.9 mmol), 2-(3-tert-butyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine (457 mg 2.26 mmol) and sodium carbonate (958 mg, 9 mmol) were dissolved in 159 ml 2-ethoxyethanol.
- the mixture was degassed with N 2 and heated under an atmosphere of nitrogen at an oil bath temperature of 90° C. for ninety minutes. After this time the reaction was complete as indicated by NMR analysis. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, CH 2 Cl 2 was added and the excess Na 2 CO 3 was filtered off.
- Dimer 6 (50 mg, 0.033 mmol), 2-(3-tert-butyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine (17 mg. 0.082 mmol) and sodium carbonate (8.74 mg, 0.082 mmol) were taken up in 2-ethoxyethanol (10 mL) and heated under an atmosphere of nitrogen at an oil bath temperature of 80° C. for 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was diluted in CH 2 Cl 2 and filtered through a pad of celite. Purification of the crude product was carried out by chromatography on silica (4:1 EtOAc/Hexane as eluant) to give 50 mg of the desired product 9 (82% yield).
- Dimer 5 150 mg, 0.11 mmol
- 2-(3-tert-butyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyrazine 69 mg. 0.34 mmol
- sodium carbonate 121 mg, 1.14 mmol
- the mixture was degassed with N 2 and heated under an atmosphere of nitrogen at an oil bath temperature of 80° C. for ninety minutes. After this time the reaction was complete as indicated by NMR analysis. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, CH 2 Cl 2 was added and the excess Na 2 CO 3 was filtered off.
- Dimer 6 (50 mg, 0.03 mmol), tropolone (10 mg, 0.08 mmol) and sodium carbonate (8.74 mg, 0.08 mmol) were taken up in 2-ethoxyethanol (10 mL) and heated under an atmosphere of nitrogen at an oil bath temperature of 80° C. for 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was diluted in CH 2 Cl 2 and filtered through a pad of celite. The crude product was treated with methanol/water (10 mL, 9:1) and the brown precipitate was filtered to give the purified product 13 (50 mg, 72%).
- Dimer 6 (100 mg, 0.06 mmol), methacrylic acid (14 ⁇ L, 0.16 mmol) and sodium carbonate (17 mg, 0.16 mmol) were taken up in ethanol/water (4:1, 5 mL) and heated under an atmosphere of nitrogen at an oil bath temperature of 90° C. for 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was diluted in CH 2 Cl 2 (20 mL) and washed with water (20 mL), saturated NaHCO 3 (20 mL) and dried over anhydrous MgSO 4 . The solvent was evaporated to give the desired product 14 (0.1 g, 75%) as a yellow solid.
- Ligand 15 may be reacted with IrCl 3 to form a tris heteroleptic complex in a manner outlined in examples 4-14. Alternatively, Ligand 15 may be reacted with other metal reagents derived from Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru or Os.
- Ligand 17 may be reacted with Ir to form a tris heteroleptic or homoleptic complex in a manner outlined in examples 4-16. Alternatively, Ligand 17 may be reacted with other metal reagents derived from Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru or Os.
- 6-bromo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-one (239 mg, 1.0 mmol) and thioacetamide (100 mg, 1.3 mmol) were heated in DMF (10 ml) at an oil bath temperature of 80° C. for 33 hours. After this time the solution was cooled to room temperature and the solvent removed in vacuo. The crude residue was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 (150 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 (50 mL) and water (2 ⁇ 50 mL), dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent evaporated to give a crude orange oil.
- Ligand 18 may be reacted with Ir to form a tris heteroleptic or homoleptic complex in a manner outlined in examples 4-16. Alternatively, Ligand 18 may be reacted with other metal reagents derived from Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru or Os.
- Ligand 19 may be reacted with Ir to form a tris heteroleptic or homoleptic complex in a manner outlined in examples 4-16. Alternatively, Ligand 19 may be reacted with other metal reagents derived from Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru or Os.
- An ITO patterned glass substrate was successively sonicated in acetone and iso-propanol for 15 minutes and dried. Then PEDOT:PSS was spin coated on top of the ITO at a spin-speed of 4000 rpm for 1 min and baked on hot plate at 150° C. for 15 min. The thickness of the PEDOT:PSS layer was determined to be 40 nm. After this the substrate was transferred into a glove box and an emission layer was spin coated on top of the PEDOT:PSS layer at a spin-speed of 3000 rpm for 1 min and baked at 80° C. for 30 min. A solution consisting of PVK, PBD, TPD and compound 10, dissolved in chlorobenzene, was used to form the emission layer.
- the weight ratio of the four components was 65:25:9:6.
- the thickness of the emission layer was determined to be 90 nm.
- layers of TPBi (hole blocking layer, 20 nm), LiF (electron injection layer, 1 nm) and Al (cathode, 120 nm) were subsequently deposited under a vacuum of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa.
- the device When a voltage was applied between the anode and the cathode, the device emitted light with a maximum wavelength of 565 nm.
- the CIE colour coordinates were (0.49; 0.49).
- the maximum current efficiency was 20 cd/A at a brightness of 1800 cd/m 2 and a voltage of 15 V.
- the maximum brightness was 20000 cd/m 2 at 21 V.
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PCT/AU2011/000486 WO2011134013A1 (fr) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-04-28 | Dispositifs électroluminescents à base d'iridium phosphorescent et composés polycycliques de métaux du groupe viii apparentés |
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US20150280144A1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-01 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Phenylenediamine compounds for phosphorescent diazaborole metal complexes |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20150280144A1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-01 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Phenylenediamine compounds for phosphorescent diazaborole metal complexes |
US9768397B2 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-09-19 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Phenylenediamine compounds for phosphorescent diazaborole metal complexes |
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US20130082248A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
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JP5778251B2 (ja) | 2015-09-16 |
EP2564446A1 (fr) | 2013-03-06 |
CN102859743A (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
KR101837216B1 (ko) | 2018-03-09 |
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